NASA Finally Admits It Doesn't Have the Funding To Land Humans on Mars (arstechnica.com) 247
For years, NASA has been chalking out and expanding its plans to go to Mars. The agency's Journey to Mars project aims to land humans on the red planet during the 2030s. For years, the agency has been reassuring us that it will be able to make do all those audacious projects within the budget it gets. Until now, that is. From a report: Now, finally, the agency appears to have bended toward reality. During a propulsion meeting of the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics on Wednesday, NASA's chief of human spaceflight acknowledged that the agency doesn't really have the funding it needs to reach Mars with the SLS rocket and Orion spacecraft. These vehicles have cost too much to build, and too much to fly, and therefore NASA hasn't been able to begin designing vehicles to land on Mars or ascend from the surface. "I can't put a date on humans on Mars, and the reason really is the other piece is, at the budget levels we described, this roughly 2 percent increase, we don't have the surface systems available for Mars," said NASA's William H. Gerstenmaier, responding to a question about when NASA will send humans to the surface of Mars. "And that entry, descent and landing is a huge challenge for us for Mars." This seems like a fairly common sense statement, but it's something that NASA officials have largely glossed over -- at least in public -- during the agency's promotion of a Journey to Mars.
Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:5, Insightful)
And we'll have the best space program in the world.
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The US got its ICBM delivery system in the 60s, no more need for government funded space I guess
Re:Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:5, Insightful)
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Nobody who actually knew what was going on thought the funding was in place. But this article isn't really about that. Look at the way NASA is described: "NASA Finally Admits" and the curiously phrased "[NASA] appears to have bended toward reality." The article ends with a quote from Mike Pence, "The truth is that American business is on the cutting edge of space technology." This is a hit piece on NASA written to support private space exploration.
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What am I missing. Who thought we already had funding in place to go to Mars?
Trump supporters [cnet.com].
Of course maybe if he'd given his $15 billion military budget increase to NASA instead it would actually happen...
You have to have an actual plan and actual proposals and actual funding and actual equipment developed. The equipment development is taking place at a fair pace, but the others await.
Re:Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:4, Informative)
Except they haven't even been developing all the equipment - they've developed a big ass rocket that might get a capsule into orbit. They haven't developed one bolt of the hardware necessary to deorbit, land safely, and get out of the atmosphere back into orbit.
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Except they haven't even been developing all the equipment - they've developed a big ass rocket that might get a capsule into orbit. They haven't developed one bolt of the hardware necessary to deorbit, land safely, and get out of the atmosphere back into orbit.
Exactly. They are developing the stuff they know they need, like the rocketry to get the parts to orbit, and habitat stuff like the inflatable add-ons to th space station. There isn't much point in getting too far along with the de-orbit landing and return stuff until they actually have a budget for it. The SLS will have many uses beyond a MArs trip as well as the station parts. All in good time, as long as there is a budget that allows the stuff being built.
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And we'll have the best space program in the world.
Everything we have is the best. We have teh best people, the smartet people, and we're winning, goddammit!
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But, but tax cuts for the rich! And money into NASA doesn't give ROI in the next quarter or two!
The GOP don't give a shit about NASA, or the citizens of the US, or the US; the wealthy own them, and they pay them back munificently.
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DoD's military (non-VA) budget is ~$600B. .5% is $3B. NASA's budget is $18B so while an additional 3 is a tidy 16% boost.
HHS's budget is ~$1,100B so .5% of that would be even better, ~$5.5B for NASA which is an even nicer 30% boost.
Re:Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:4, Insightful)
Chinese and Russians can put men in space. US is unable to.
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Unwilling Unable.
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Re: Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NAS (Score:3)
Technically, the Soviets did crash some rockets into parts of Europe, yes.
Re:Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:5, Informative)
which space other program is better than NASA?
We don't even have a ship capable of putting a man in space anymore. So pretty much all of them.
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When you you watch a car race and a car pulls off to get the tires changed for the next leg of the race, you say the other divers on the road are better because the driver in the stopped car getting new tires isn't moving? At some point you have to reassess the tools and technology you are using. Yes, NASA could have been better at planning the retirement of the shuttle to not have a hiatus in manned flight missions but was continuing the space shuttle worth the money?
I mean, sure but you are using one unit
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Sure, and if the other drivers don't face similar administrative and long term obstacles I will be surprised. Namely, how does a space agency handle decades long programs that run afoul of cost-benefit analysis? How do they handle those long term goals in a politically uncertain world? I don't think China or Russia have to worry about that to the same extent because of one party rule. Would you rather have one party rule and stable long term space exploration or democracy?
Space exploration is a long term th
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which space other program is better than NASA?
We don't even have a ship capable of putting a man in space anymore. So pretty much all of them.
Not necessarily true. Space X might actually be able to do it as soon as they could get a possible launch vehicle assembled and fueled, however long that takes (Days?). They're supposed to be starting tests of manned flights in the very near future. In theory Orion and that "heavy lifter" rocket, or whatever they call it might be able to do it too if this was a case of "We HAVE to launch a rocket NOW to get important person X to the ISS NOW or humanity will be wiped out!" Additionally I believe that
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For me, while manned mission capability is important, there are other factors that should be used in determining a good space program. It just seems very narrow minded to think that is the only thing that matters to a good space program. For example, ESA landed a probe on a comet (errr softly crashed but all landings are soft crashes :) wouldn't that contribute to them having a good space program even though they don't have the ability to launch people into space?
Well sure... (Score:2)
If you assume that NASA continues its past trajectory of "cost-plus" contracting, of course the cost will be out of reach. But the economics of "launch" are rapidly changing, due to SpaceX and several other players such as Rocket Lab, Blue Origin, and MoonEx.
Given the Trump administration's (apparently) positive attitude toward space exploration, and "commercial space" in particular (led apparently more by Pence than Trump), I think there might be a re-assessment of this price tag in the next couple of year
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We don't even have a ship capable of putting a man in space anymore. So pretty much all of them.
We put a nuclear-power dune buggy on mars and it's still there driving around. We have another rover that's been active for 13+ years (planned operation was 90 days). Nobody has come close to that.
I want my tax dollars spent in a way that results in the most scientific and economic progress, not where it creates the most national pride.
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I'd say "Fuck it, I'm out," but I'm more intrigued by the train wreck I'm witnessing. It's a nice distraction from the train wreck occurring at a national level being driven by the same types of douchebags.
Re:Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:5, Interesting)
This comment. On slashdot "news for nerds" everyone. I'd say "Fuck it, I'm out," but I'm more intrigued by the train wreck I'm witnessing. It's a nice distraction from the train wreck occurring at a national level being driven by the same types of douchebags.
Well, why do we want people on Mars?
1. Science - why not unmanned probes/rovers at 100x the current budget?
2. Colonization - Apollo proved man can live in a tin can in space, what's new?
3. Flag-planting - billions of dollars for chest-thumping, really?
I mean, look at the aftermath of the Apollo program. We put less than a dozen men on the moon, then we stopped for 45+ years and counting. The way NASA does Mars, if they managed to find the budget it'd probably be exactly the same. Bigger rocket, bigger rock, longer trip, been there done that, let's not do it again. I'm not sure if Musk is crazy or not. But I like the plans to actually bootstrap something on Mars, start a real outpost. NASA can't afford to even make dreams like that, because at their rates that would be a trillion dollar program. Which is why you end up with the SLS + an as-of-yet-unfunded chest thumping expedition. Which doesn't really contribute much of anything to anything, except people will feel Mars is checked off the bucket list.
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People are just one form of cargo
Er... sure. Next time you travel would you please step into your travel bag and have yourself shipped off with the electrical components, chairs and dog food intended for your destination.
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You'd be surprised at how many Youtubers are doing that.
Re:Divert just 0.5% of the military budget to NASA (Score:5, Insightful)
Opinions like this are why America is slowly falling into obsolescence. A population where only the rich are educated and have healthcare is generally a dumb population. Take the example of medical schools which have great difficulty, even in more advanced and progressive societies, with most students who attain high grades coming from a small subsection of society who perform well at exams but do not perform well beyond that. Medicine as a whole suffers from the reduced available talent pool. Social support and adequate healthcare allow everyone to have the opportunity to succeed and attain access to education which leads to technological advances. If only the rich kids were getting into science NASA wouldn't have enough of a talent pool to have any hope of technical advancement. Getting the largest talent pool into fields is reliant on having healthy parents who aren't relying on children immediately earning money and forgoing an education. It's been proven time and time again that greater taxes and state support creates a happier more productive society. The trickle down effect has been shown to be ineffective.
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TBH, I don't have any expectation of getting SS when I retire despite paying into it. older millennial.
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Just simply declare Mars to be a strategic military objective of the newly created "Space Marines" armed service. Poof! Space exploration and military intergalactic security goals are now one and the same!
I heard that Mars has yuge coal reserves.
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That would be pretty cool. Especially if it was easily accessible. Cheap energy and some green house gases to warm up the place (given enough time ofc).
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"As the US population gets older, Social Security and Medicare spending is going to increase dramatically. Add in the ever increasing medical prices and we're headed for some very hard choices."
What did I say? Limit it to pensions reform only. I made no mention of SS, medicare, welfare or even free government cheese.
Fund pension accounts for employees rather than PAY PENSIONS when they retire. It would be a hell of a lot cheaper in the long run. Also, a lot of those pensions are based on insane/stupid m
And in other news... (Score:2)
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umm what? you can't go else where if you destroy your launch point...
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It was recently revealed that NASA was spending over $2 billion/year on global warming research.
NASA does what it is told to do.
Just because you do not believe in science, does not mean that there are intelligent peopel out there who pay attention to the weather satellites.
Now get off to Ken Hamm's creationism museum, he's having some tough times, and he needs believers to pony up the cash. There's a Noah's Ark museum as well. You'll like it a lot.
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And to end one of the bullshit arguments before it starts:
NASA stands for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Aeronautics is "the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere."
Remind me, what is the meaning of "Space Administration"?
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I don't like the fact that Slashdot is censoring us, but I also don't like your spamming. I enjoy a good troll, but you're just spamming trash. Put some effort into it, please. For example, you can get around this particular censoring without bolding, italicizing, or otherwise visibly altering the word.
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The irony is that I only saw more of that word when they did try to censor it and trolls got around the censor. Pretty sad; 1) censor word that was rarely used 2) trolls bypass censor 3) word is now more common and in every thread.
maybe there's enough to land (Score:2)
We kinda knews this already, right? (Score:5, Informative)
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Only recently it was revealed that Mars' surface has a cocktail of substances that would "wipe out living organisms" (see this link
https://www.theguardian.com/sc... [theguardian.com] ).
So we know ancient Martians used herbicide to prevent weeds growing. This is proof Mars is a fertile land ripe for the taking.
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There's nothing humans could ever do to this planet that would make Mars, or any other planet, a more desirable place to live.
But there's plenty humans can do that would make the Moon a more desirable place to live. Or even the stratosphere of Venus. And there's always going to be some who would volunteer to go to Uranus.
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The moon has a few advantages over North Dakota as a refuge when the planet gets too hot. No super-hurricanes. No desperate people trying to get in. No mutated or weaponized viruses or bacteria. No natural enemies. Out of reach of most weapons systems, while easier to literally throw large rocks at anyone on earth, so easily defendable. Dependable solar energy cycle - no clouds or other weather. Also, as for Venus, the temperature in the upper clouds is Earth-normal. We can also get oxygen and water from th
10 ways to get funding (Score:5, Funny)
1. Tell Trump there's coal on Mars - jobs for coal miners!
2. Start a rumour that Mars has no vaccination regulations - kills 2 birds with one stone as all the antivaxxers pour their money into a modern version of the B Ark.
3. Flatly declare that it is impossible. Someone will come along to prove you wrong
4. Tell the MRAs about the martian slave women. Then tell the SJWs about the MRAs wanting the martian slave women. See who gets to Mars first.
5. Tell the Christian and Muslim Taliban about the martian slave women walking around "all bare neked".
6. Tell the GOP that Martian women have multiple pussies to grab.
7. Tell the states that have passed bathroom bills that there is no such thing as a Martian male, so there's no such thing as a martian transsexual wanting to pee in their women's toilets.
8. "Gotta build a wall on Mars to keep the illegal aliens at bay."
9. Get Alex Jones and Breitbart to say that NASA doesn't lobby for enough money because Mars is full of Republican martians and refusing to go to Mars is a democratic plot to suppress voters.
10. "Russia and China and even India are all going. There's going to be a "planet gap" between the US and those countries that makes the missile gap look like a blip in history."
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That one is easy. Just put Mars behind the asteroid belt [wikipedia.org] and make the Martians pay for it!
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9. Get Alex Jones and Breitbart to say that NASA doesn't lobby for enough money because Mars is full of Republican martians and refusing to go to Mars is a democratic plot to suppress voters.
No, tell Alex Jones and Breitbart that proof of the moon hoax is on Mars and NASA doesn't want anyone to go there because they would find out the truth that man can't travel to other planets. The irony would be lost on their supporters.
I just hope they don't blow up the moon... (Score:2)
Actually, I thought they were building a military branch in charge of space? If they get any significant slice of the military budget they could actually do some cool stuff.
GWB! (Score:2)
In the past, oil on Mars. That didn't happen. :(
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of course there is... there just get called "randoms" not terrorists... "Dylann Storm Roof" is a classic terrorist....
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NASA's heyday was the race to the moon - pushed by Kennedy, continued by Johnson. Both democrats. Nixon, who was elected in 1968, wound it down, cancelling funding for Apollo 18 - 20. The first cancellation, Apollo 20, was announced in January of 1970, and Nixon even wanted to cance
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X is in control, and wants Y.
Tell them Y is on Mars.
Hilarity ensues.
The GOP is in control, so they get to be the butt of the jokes. Too bad.
I've noticed that during the Obama years... (Score:2)
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We're going to Mars... on a shoestring budget... that gets smaller with each passing year.
Like much of Obama's administration, it was just a continuation of Bush's policies. Bush particularly liked to call out a manned mission to Mars in every State of the Union address.
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But there was the Orion program. Sure, he talked a lot about it but he also tried to accomplish the rhetoric and directed NASA toward it. You can argue it was the wrong way for NASA or w/e but to say Bush didn't do anything to try and get NASA further along is wrong. Orion was cancelled by Obama.
Re:I've noticed that during the Obama years... (Score:4, Informative)
But there was the Orion program. Sure, he talked a lot about it but he also tried to accomplish the rhetoric and directed NASA toward it. You can argue it was the wrong way for NASA or w/e but to say Bush didn't do anything to try and get NASA further along is wrong. Orion was cancelled by Obama.
It was all just smoke and mirrors. There may have been projects, but even if Orion was a realistic proejct, there was never been any realistic funding. It's pretty much always been like this since Apollo funding was axed, which is why TFA is here, NASA is finally admitting to things we all already knew. Nasa's budget barely does some research, sends a few probes every decade, and keeps the lights on. A Mars mission at best is projected to cost $200 billion and probably two or three times that. Unless Nasa starts getting an additional $20 billion a year, any talk of a Mars mission is just vapor and even then, it won't happen for another decade and we'll see it coming as that decade will be spent actually building stuff. Still, more realistically, we're looking at an additional $20 billion a year and three decades if the government ever wants Nasa to be serious about going to Mars.
Good, now get back to unmanned probes & rovers (Score:2)
They cost 1/20th as much as manned missions and do at least as much (arguably much more) science.
For instance, look at WMAP [wikipedia.org], which contributed massively to cosmology and high energy physics and was launched on time and on budget. The results have been analyzed in thousands of papers, including the three most cited physics papers of the last few decades. It cost $150M (yes, M).
Meanwhile, the ISS is running about $150B (yes B), and it's absurd to think that somehow it's worth the relative cost. We could have
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false, we can and have identified the minerals on Mars just fine with Rovers.
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What nonsense, a sustainable human colony elsewhere is more than a century or more away if it is even possible. "getting off this rock" is not relevant to space exploration today, the tech dosen't exist and is not used for what we do today
Wow, what a suprise! (Score:2)
(sarcasm) I think I'm going to have a hear attack and DIE from that surprise...(/sarcasm).
Not enough funding eh? Tell me something I didn't already know..
Scotty - give me full power (Score:2)
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the impulse engines were fusion, NASA won't develop fusion reactors. That's tech that might even be impossible to develop
also... (Score:2)
Bombing Muslims or Going to Mars (Score:2)
Pick one, we can't afford both.
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It's two obvious items where we can swap spending a trillion dollars for 100 million dollars (0.1%).
I have to say this (Score:2)
If we can't even get to Mars, how will we ever explore Uranus?
No, you really don't want to live on Mars (Score:2)
To paraphrase Douglas Adams:
"Space is a crummy place to live. Really awful. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mindbogglingly inhospitable it is. I mean, you may think things are pretty bad in Detroit, but that's just peanuts to space."
People keep talking about how we need a backup plan for Earth because we're going to mess it up. I think they're failing to realize that nuclear winter, Chicxulub-like asteroid impacts, ice ages, runaway desertification, a thousand other unlikely extreme scenarios, or
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To paraphrase Douglas Adams:
"Space is a crummy place to live. Really awful. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mindbogglingly inhospitable it is. I mean, you may think things are pretty bad in Detroit, but that's just peanuts to space."
I love this, will save it in my Diatribes folder. It does bring up an issue a website called Rocketpunk talked about (too lazy to find URL right now). That site summarized the reason no serious manned Mars missions is it's plonklying obvious there's no good reason to live there. Like there is no land rush to the Gobi Desert even though it's a thousand times easier to settle than Mars. Reason why everybody romanticize about Mars is because it is so far away.
Money badly spent? (Score:2)
Their budget grew 5 times since they landed on the moon. Sure they get less from a "percentage of federal budget" perspective but even the federal budget has ballooned well outside of the feasible limits a government can spend on.
They said it will cost ~$6B to get 4 humans to Mars. If you get $20B/year with a mandate to go to Mars within 10 years, what would you spend it on in that time?
It's not a money issue. NASA lacks will. (Score:3)
We could send people to Mars today. Granted, their chances of survival would be near zero. It may even be as low as 50/50 to make it to Mars orbit and under 10/90 to manage to walk on the surface before death. But these are much better odds than many past explorers enjoyed.
Those explorers were usually private explorers who sometimes had government backing. After a brief period in which the governments actually took full charge of the missions and has now allowed the efforts to mostly stall for almost half a century, we are thankfully seeing real explorers return to the advanced exploration game.
The new explorers will accomplish with vastly less expenditure what NASA will not or perhaps can not. It is far cheaper to follow an incremental path in which people live a bit longer into each mission until we finally achieve success. The cost of trying to reach NASA quality levels on the first attempt guarantees failure of the mission before it even leaves the ground.
RIP NASA.
Re:NASA is obsolete anyway (Score:5, Informative)
Considering NASA costs next to nothing (about 0.5% of the US govt's total budget), and the studies I've seen referenced show its return on investment to be about $10 for every $1 used (granted, it's a difficult figure to calculate, but even if assuming a huge error margin that's still great ROI), it's no wonder you chose to post that anonymously.
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And that is not even taking into account all the scientific advancements that were gleaned from it which has made everyone's life easier and more comfortable. NASA a waste of taxpayers money? I THINK NOT!
Now if only we can get Congress to step up to the ROI ratio of NASA.
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Many supporters of the space program have placed great stock in the benefits of technological spinoff from the space effort for the American economy. Proponents estimates of the rate of return from NASA spending range from $7 in return from every $1 of NASA spending (Lyttle, David, "Is Space Our Destiny?" Astronomy, February 1991, page 6) to $23 in return for every $1 of NASA spending (Chase Econometric Associates, "The Economic Impact of NASA R&D Spending," prepared under NASA contract NASW-2741, April 1976).
.....
But the fact that the total NASA investment of $55 billion yielded a paltry $5 billion in true spinoffs, creating entirely new products or industries, suggests a very poor return of ten cents on the dollar. Again, this should not be surprising, given the highly specialized nature of much of the engineering and development work conducted by NASA.
So rather than being an unusually good investment paying 7:1 or 22:1 for each dollar invested, NASA has an astoundingly bad 1:10 payoff -- about a factor of 100 worse than the commercial economy as a whole.
NASA Technological Spinoff Fables [fas.org] by The Federation of American Scientists
https://fas.org/ [fas.org]
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The stupidity of the U.S. populace is astounding. It is self funded by tax dollars. The ROI is generated by all American businesses who use NASA's technology for free to create all kinds of things that enhance our economy which in turn creates taxes which then go back into the agency. NASA technological developments and spin offs are probably creating enough of a tax base to actually fund the whole military.
NASA Return on Investment (ROI) (Score:2)
Considering NASA costs next to nothing (about 0.5% of the US govt's total budget), and the studies I've seen referenced show its return on investment to be about $10 for every $1 used (granted, it's a difficult figure to calculate, but even if assuming a huge error margin that's still great ROI), it's no wonder you chose to post that anonymously.
If that ROI were true, then NASA should be self-funded by now.
The integrated circuit was developed by two government programs: NASA's Apollo computer, and the U.S. Air Force's Minuteman guidance. While the IC had been invented by Noyce and Kilby, nobody in particularly had a use for it-- discrete parts already did fine, why put more than one component on a chip?-- except for NASA and the Air Force, who needed to develop lightweight computers, and funded the development of IC chips specifically for lightweight computers.
So, yes, if NASA had been able to take a cut fro
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While the IC had been invented by Noyce and Kilby
Why should NASA get any credit for inventing something when they were merely a customer? The US Army was the first customer of the Wright brothers, but that doesn't mean the Army invented the airplane.
Credit, and Return on Investment (ROI) (Score:2)
While the IC had been invented by Noyce and Kilby
Why should NASA get any credit for inventing something when they were merely a customer?
The answer is that they didn't get credit for inventing it. But "who gets credit for inventing the IC" wasn't the question posed. The question was about the return on investment of NASA funding. NASA (along with the Air Force) funded the research needed to turn the concept of an integrated circuit into an actual product. The answer to the question of what was the return on investment is that this particular investment, in developing the IC from a concept to a commercial reality, has a very large return.
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The return on investment, however, did not return to NASA.
Then its not an investment, is it? NASA was a customer that bought a product. That product was delivered and the actual investors (Fairchild and TI) got the returns.
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Uh, the government didn't fund them, the companies Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor did.
And NASA funded TI and Fairchild. (Also Raytheon and MIT).
They didn't develop it on their own money.
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They didn't develop it on their own money.
Yes they did. The proof of concept integrated circuit was built before NASA existed as an entity.
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bye.
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One of NASA's missions is to do that kind of research and quite literally give it away to anyone who wants it.
This is completely incorrect. Since 1980, the Bayh–Dole Act allows research agencies to license and profit from the technologies created under Federal grants. https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/60521... [nasa.gov]
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p>NASA farted around with the idea of reusable rockets for over thirty years and got nowhere past an outrageously expensive and downright dangerous space shuttle and said "good enough" and called it a day -- for DECADES. No wonder companies like SpaceX are coming in and applying a little bit of modesty to their designs and in consequence are running circles around NASA,
You do have to keep in mind that SpaceX blew up their first three rockets in a row. At the time that NASA picked them to develop the Falcon-9, nobody else in the world had any faith that they would be anything other than a marginal company that would build a small capacity rocket to put a small payload in low orbit cheaply but with questionable unreliability.
For all practical purposes, the partnership between NASA and SpaceX is the very reason SpaceX even exists.
NASA's problem is not the bureaucracy, per
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No such chance. They want an immediate ROI, within months. Years, tops. Something like a Mars mission would not only take decades to come to fruition, it's even likely that the ROI will not fall to the ones investing but to someone else.
The 60s and the moon shot program meant a huge leap forwards in technology. More even than WW2, and with a LOT less blood spent on it. But not only "hard" technology, we gained even a lot more in terms of new insights in logistics and organization. The logistic and organizat
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Cuomo probably
Re:Ultimately this failure belongs to science (Score:5, Insightful)
The failure in this case isn't science. There is no scientific question about getting to Mars with SLS and Orion. The failure here is engineering.
Cost is an integral part of engineering. Many, many unfeasible engineering projects are physically possible. The art of engineering is finding approaches to achieve goals given the resources available, counting time as a resource of course.
So what they've been doing, while technically impressive, is just bad engineering: spending resources on an approach which won't achieve the objective within the given constraints, based on the wishful thinking that people will suddenly want to spend lots more money on the project in the future.
Sometimes when you can't achieve an objective, the smart thing is to find an alternative objective that's worth doing in itself and also leaves you better positioned to work on the original objective.
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NASA should steer out of the launching business altogether and focus on space science and new technologies, and let the private sector take over the known technology of space launchers.
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