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The Almighty Buck Science

NIH Proposes to Open Tax-Funded Research 366

Johnny Mnemonic writes "The Washington Post is reporting that the NIH "has proposed a major policy change that would require all scientists who receive funding from the agency to make the results of their research available to the public for free." Scientific magazines are screaming, fearing that their subscriptions would diminish--but the common sense nature of the proposal is hard to refute. Why should Americans who funded the research with their tax dollars have to pay again to read the research? Particularly since the web makes pubishing said information inexpensive."
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NIH Proposes to Open Tax-Funded Research

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  • by byolinux ( 535260 ) * on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:52PM (#10170649) Journal
    ...NIH seems to be the National Institutes of Health [nih.gov].
  • It's about time (Score:3, Interesting)

    by oneishy ( 669590 ) <jczebota.oneishy@com> on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:53PM (#10170656) Homepage
    hopefully this will help filter out bogus research by opening it up to more eyes.
    • Probably Not (Score:5, Insightful)

      by orion024 ( 694922 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:57PM (#10170683)
      Chances are, probably not. The people who *do* read the research now are the ones who know enough about the field to be able to read the research critically. The people who don't probably won't be able to identify bogus research.
      • Re:Probably Not (Score:2, Insightful)

        by adl99 ( 779447 )
        The great thing about the journals is peer review. Part of the reason they ARE so expensive is because of this process. It's by no means fool-proof (look at MMR in the UK, for instance - the research that caused it was wAAAaay of being valid, but it still caused a stir, despite peer review) but it filters out MOST of the crap - in the same way running spamassassin on one's mail server is better then running nothing whatsoever. I think that people would still pay for that selection as there would be too much
    • hopefully this will help filter out bogus research by opening it up to more eyes.

      How is that going to help? The way to filter out bogus research is peer review by competing experts in the field. This is what happens now.
      • Re:It's about time (Score:3, Insightful)

        by 3opan ( 692873 )
        It is very important and good news:
        many authors of research papers,
        especially in medicine, have to transfer
        copyrights to journals in order to publish
        (and get tenure or senior positions in
        their institutions).

        Copyrighted material is then owned by journals
        that are NOT necessary nowdays. Peer review
        can be done in better way over the Net,
        since peer reviewers rarely get any money
        for their effort. Some money gets into
        editors pockets, but even that is often
        minor. So, why should researchers give
        copyright to journal
        • Re:It's about time (Score:3, Interesting)

          by Decaff ( 42676 )
          Peer review can be done in better way over the Net,since peer reviewers rarely get any money
          for their effort


          The amount of money that reviewers are paid (I was never paid anything) is irrelevant. Someone has to organise the reviewing, and act as referee in conflicts between reviewers and authors. This is conventionally the editor of the journal. These editors have a lot of work to do. There will need to be a whole new structure set up to organise reviewing, and to categorise publications and to ensure
  • Shouldn't this be presented to the UN?
    I mean, why should only America share their findings? Shouldn't all nations, no matter how small their medical research budget, share whatever they can?
    • If i had mod points I'd mod you up.
      This is a very insightful comment. National participation on medical, health and other scientific findings should be publicly available since they are funded (generally) by tax dollars. This is something I can stand behind.
    • Shouldn't this be presented to the UN? I mean, why should only America share their findings? Shouldn't all nations, no matter how small their medical research budget, share whatever they can?

      Well, considering that taxes aren't paid (directly) to the UN, and that US taxpayers pay for far more research through the NIH than the WHO, I think a national policy is the right way forwards. Besides, once the US starts doing this, the rest of the world won't be far behind.

      If most US research is made available in

    • well, the American finding should be available to the American taxpayers. the fact that other nations will benefit is just icing.
    • Shouldn't this be presented to the UN?

      And the US considers the UN a relevant body since when?

    • Please explain the precise benefits of the UN-involvement you propose. It might also help to cite examples of similar endeavors where the UN's involvement has proved beneficial.

      This question is genuine. A lot (a majority?) of the American people are sceptical of the UN, including myself. Here's an opportunity to show how the UN can help with something.

      (It might also help to show what the benefit is to the United States. It's easy to show that one side benefits in a completely one-sided arrangement.)
  • Go science (Score:5, Interesting)

    by CGP314 ( 672613 ) <CGP@NOSpAM.ColinGregoryPalmer.net> on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:54PM (#10170663) Homepage
    You know it's a good idea when companies start screaming, "But that would put us out of business!"
    • Re:Go science (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Reality Master 101 ( 179095 ) <.moc.liamg. .ta. .101retsaMytilaeR.> on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:30PM (#10170922) Homepage Journal
      Microsoft: "Let's add a browser to the operating system."

      Netscape: "But that would put us out of business!"

      ----

      Apple: "Your O/S license is hereby yanked."

      Clones: "But that would put us out of business!"

      ----

      Repeat with AT&T, IBM, Standard Oil, Newspapers, employment offshoring, or anything else that puts people out of business.

      Am I the only one who thinks its utterly bizarre that we have so many people on Slashdot who mindlessly think that putting someone out of business is always a good thing? Do these people not have jobs?

      • Re:Go science (Score:2, Insightful)

        by DAldredge ( 2353 )
        In this case the taxpayers (THATS US) are already paying for it. Why should we have to pay for it twice?
      • Re:Go science (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Megasphaera Elsdenii ( 54465 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @04:23PM (#10171323)

        > Am I the only one who thinks its utterly bizarre that we have so many people on Slashdot who mindlessly think that putting someone out of business is always a good thing? Do these people not have jobs?

        Possibly. The whole point is that scientists, being
        dependent on publications to keep the grant money
        flowing are practically forced to publish in the
        mostly highly regarded journals. Ergo: such publications
        become valuable, simple because they are scarce.
        (There is only so much room in Nature, Science, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
        Cell, Phys. Rev. Lett, and all the rest). Ergo:
        publishers raise their prices to extortionate levels.
        This is all the more scandalous since the whole
        peer review process costs absolutely nothing.

        Anyways, what the NIH now seem to be doing (and very
        rightly so) is to force the scientists to use different
        journals to publish in. In other words, they are
        trying to do away with a completely artificial
        monopoly.

        Economic theory says that monopolies are always
        deleterious. It has nothing to do with putting people
        out of work; quite the contrary. Money not spent
        lining the pockets of Elsevier and others will
        be spent for other, hopefully better purposes.
      • Re:Go science (Score:3, Informative)

        by gotan ( 60103 )
        In this case it's different though:

        The scientific magazines provide a service by organizing the review, choosing the material, organising it, then printing and delivering it. They don't do the review, that's done by other scientists. Now either that service is worth the money they're demanding or it isn't. If there's a cheaper way by spending the money on a few websites instead of all those magazines then they should either adapt their prices or go out of business.

        At the moment the situation is unbearable
    • It really is funny to read the rationalizations of the publishers. Let them squirm, I say. Every once in a while, businesses suckling from the taxpayer's teat should be cut off just on principle.
      • Hmm. How about logging in the Tongass? The industry received $36Meg of taxpayer support and posted profits of $2Meg last year.

        Or, what about the no-bid contracts for Cheney's corporation, Halliburton?

        These "businesses" are many orders of magnitude greater wastes of money than are any science publishers. The AAAS and Nature routinely publish government-financed research and they are the top of the heap. Hell, I think it would be nearly impossible to find any published research that didn't have taxpayer
    • Re:Go science (Score:3, Interesting)

      by BWJones ( 18351 )
      The cost of publication is not insignificant, and the issues related to electronic publishing are similar to those faced by all publication houses. However, the right business model will take advantage of this market and be able to compete with new practices where other companies are either unwilling or unable to succeed in. Many of the existing companies already have the means in place, just not the willingness to capitalize on this potential.

      Under the old model, when one would like to have their result
    • You know it's a good idea when companies start screaming, "But that would put us out of business!"

      That depends entirely on the business and what's done to get rid of it. I don't like this without assurances that it won't be abused but I can imagine things getting worse rather than better. Measures that reduce freedom are always bad, even if the public is thrown some free beer in the process.

      Once again, government is increasing it's power to fix a mess that excessive government power created to begin wi

    • The phrase "But that would put us out of business!" should be read as "But we're too set in our current business models to adapt!"

      Imagine the money Microsoft could make if they'd play nicely with OSS, instead of being stuck on it's old ways.

  • by steinnes ( 774991 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:56PM (#10170672) Homepage
    It's a widely known fact that the EU prefers sponsoring research projects if the results are open. I've participated in a EU project, and I'm applying for another one, with a group of partner, and the latest sets of documents from the EU all mention openness, and even open source.
  • Hurray (Score:2, Insightful)

    by FLAGGR ( 800770 )
    Sounds good. Open is Better (tm)
    I wonder if anything neat will come of this, now that everyone can use data collected from others research.
    • What a ripoff. A company gets almost 2 billion dollars and all their customers get is "not dying from cancer"?

      I'm outraged.

      I'm glad you caught them so that this kind of thing won't happen again.
      • by IgnoramusMaximus ( 692000 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:17PM (#10170831)
        What a ripoff. A company gets almost 2 billion dollars and all their customers get is "not dying from cancer"?

        Perheaps you could use some of their products to make your braincells function again...

        Yes it is a ripoff because a particular company was gifted the money to make its monopoly and thus exorbitant pricing work. On something the public paid for. The proper way would be to have all generic drug makers make it.

        You have fallen pray to the classic scam run by drug companies who make big eyes and in cute tearful voice say: "but, but ... we cure people, we need public resarch, governmeny grants, patent laws for protection .." (and as soon as they get it, cue change to an evil monster and snickering voice) "And give us all your fucking money or die, suckers! And you cant make anyone else make this drug cheaper, we own it, yes we own your asses!"

        • by Kohath ( 38547 )
          Either the cure is worth the money or it isn't. If it isn't, then you're saying you'd rather have the money than the cure.

          The type of advocacy you're engaged in -- if it were turned into action -- would result in fewer cures.

          That's what drug companies do: cure people for a profit. You might want to make that harder for them. I don't.
          • by DAldredge ( 2353 )
            No, the taxpayer paid for the research. The drug companies then use this research for next to nothing and reap most, if not all, of the rewards. It would be different if they paid back the gov the 700 million, but they don't.
            • The drug companies then use this research for next to nothing and reap most, if not all, of the rewards.

              The people who didn't die of cancer reaped most of the rewards.

              • The people who didn't die of cancer reaped most of the rewards.

                And the people whose tax dollars funded the research, then couldn't afford the drugs to save their lives? What reward did they get out of it?

                It seems to me that if public money funds development of something, whether it's a drug or a widget or a standrad, then it should be available to the people who paid for it -- namely the citizens of the country in question -- for the cost of production and distribution. They already paid for its devel
          • by IgnoramusMaximus ( 692000 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:37PM (#10170976)
            That's what drug companies do: cure people for a profit

            That they do. Emphasis on profit. Deemphassis on cure.

            The type of advocacy you're engaged in -- if it were turned into action -- would result in fewer cures.

            No. There would be less frivolous drugs (viagra?) which consume bulk of the private research funds. Instead there would be publically founded research (which apparently is already done) coupled with a large array of generic drug makers, competing on manufacuring quality and price.

            It is simply a choice of two approaches: 1 where everything is done for the drug companies to enable them monopoly status and vast profits at the expense of dying people and 2. where research is done for the benefit of all and the drug companies are competing aggressively on delivery of that research.

            What we have now instead is the worst combination of all: an incestous relationship between people in government, handing out public funds and research to their cronies in chosen corporations to make a killing, and at the same time to try to appear as "saviours" of sick people.

            • Emphasis on profit. Deemphassis on cure.

              I think the people who didn't die of cancer would argue with your emphasis.

              If you have a less-expensive model that has a long term track-record of producing more and better drugs, let's see the link.

              I'll take the cures, even if someone makes some money on it.
              • by IgnoramusMaximus ( 692000 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:53PM (#10171094)
                think the people who didn't die of cancer would argue with your emphasis.

                Particularly the ones who died by not being to afford the $400 a day.

                If you have a less-expensive model that has a long term track-record of producing more and better drugs, let's see the link.

                Ah the age old cry of a thieving tyrant. You know, that is probably exactly the same tone in which some two-bit lordling in the middle ages would say to a rebellious peasant: "And if there is a place the likes of you have a voice in any of the kingdoms about, show me! No? Off with your head.".

                Times on the other hand showed there was a better way after all.

                On a serious note, yes, there are places like Canada, where at least partially an effort is being made. In Canada in return for the priviledge of 20 year patents, the drug prices are controlled. Perheaps you heard of that slight spat that the Northrn states are having with the FDA over importing those drugs to save their dying seniors?

                • What percentage of the new, life-saving drugs come from research primarily done in Canada?

                  All this "thieving tyrant" talk isn't really curing anyone of cancer, is it?

                  • What percentage of the new, life-saving drugs come from research primarily done in Canada?

                    A signifiant number per capita (the only measure that counts). I am personally familiar with some of those operations due to my line of business.

                    All this "thieving tyrant" talk isn't really curing anyone of cancer, is it?

                    No but it might help bring thieves to account and discourage further thievery. And if lucky, it might also result in a lot of lives being saved by making both research efficient and drug pricing lo

                    • What percentage of the new, life-saving drugs come from research primarily done in Canada?

                      A signifiant number per capita

                      What number? More than in the other systems you dislike so much?

                      All this "thieving tyrant" talk isn't really curing anyone of cancer, is it?

                      No but it might help bring thieves to account and discourage further thievery.

                      I think people with the cancer would rather have the cure.
            • by tgibbs ( 83782 )
              There would be less frivolous drugs (viagra?) which consume bulk of the private research funds. Instead there would be publically founded research (which apparently is already done) coupled with a large array of generic drug makers, competing on manufacuring quality and price.

              This is nonsense. A drug such as Viagra doesn't "consume" private research funds. Viagra makes money for Pfizer, who can then invest the profits in other research projects. And it is worth noting that the basic science behind Viagra
          • That's what drug companies do: cure people for a profit.

            No, the company in this case is acting as a middleman: the research on the drug was already done, the only thing needed was mass-production, which can be quite cheap if the volumes are high.

            So the company was bringing almost no added value, still it made a huge profit because it was the middleman. Remove the middleman and suddenly the drug would become much cheaper, and still save lives.
      • What a ripoff. A company gets almost 2 billion dollars and all their customers get is "not dying from cancer"?

        That's great. But you forgot about the other $700 million taken from the taxpayers, most of whom weren't dying from cancer. The company now has that money, too.

        Perhaps the first $700M of any patent-related profits on this drug should go to reimbursing the taxpayers for the risk-free capital provided to the company.

    • by tunabomber ( 259585 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:26PM (#10170889) Homepage
      U.S. taxpayers pay $700m for Taxol wonder cancer drug; Bristol-Myers reaps $1700m profit

      Oh, c'mon. Give those Bristol-Meyers guys some credit. After all, they generously named the drug after us taxpayers.
  • One draw back... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Froze ( 398171 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:57PM (#10170682)
    Don't get me wrong, I am all in favor of freely available scientific work that is funded via federal dollars. However, there wtill needs to be a peer review system. That is what you pay for when you subscribe to scientific journals. If you could impliment a peer review panel in any given field as part of Federal as a requitrement for funding then this just might work.
    • this means that the scientific journals will still have a market. probably a smaller market, but a market non the less.
      If there smart, they will offer a peer review as a service to the federal government.

      Like many companies, the internet will cause changes here to. Provide what the consumer wants, or perish.
    • And getting everyone to set up their own peer review panels would be both inefficient and open to corruption. But there must be some solution. Maybe the funding agency could provide their own peer review panel, which differs from a normal periodical only in that the articles are available for free on the web.
    • Re:One draw back... (Score:2, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward
      Peer review is already done on volunteer basis anyways. I was briefly in a master/PhD program, all the grad students had to do some article reviewing, and they are not paid to do this. Another example is arxiv.org the preprint archive. their article is peer reviewed as well, but since they operate entirely without fee, except a small grant that keeps the database and servers running. Their reviewers are volunteers as well. So peer review never been a bottle neck to open journals.
    • Re:One draw back... (Score:2, Informative)

      by at_18 ( 224304 )
      That is what you pay for when you subscribe to scientific journals.

      No, you don't pay for peer review, it's done for free by other scientists. What you pay is just the brand name. All the work, including page formatting, spelling check etc. is done for free by the scientists, who also pay to have their articles published. So I have finally found what's in step 2:

      1. Start a scientific publishing company
      2. Get volunteers who do the work and pay you for the privilege
      3. PROFIT!!!
  • You can give a fake e-mail address when you register. They give you access to the article as soon as you submit the form, and don't check whether you're actually able to receive mail at the address you give.
    • Off topic but I appreciate the work you do keeping The Assayer going. It is a very good source of free reference books to learn from. I hope you continue maintaining it for a long while.
  • companies like cambridge publishers do free subscription magazines, which the readers are HAPPY to receive for free on the basis that a) it contains stuff they might be interested in b) if they fill in the survey correctly they might be advertised at with stuff that they WANT to buy.

    it's an audited process, so there is a stacking big paper trail [in CPL] with a stacking big database where nothing can get thrown away for something like well over six years. ... my question is, therefore, to these "scientific
  • by calebb ( 685461 ) * on Monday September 06, 2004 @02:59PM (#10170699) Homepage Journal
    I published a paper [wisc.edu] in the Journal of Chemical education last December, but I also posted in on our own website [wsu.edu] for anyone to download...
    • You've hit the nail on the head - this is a lot of hoopla over nothing.

      As far as the NIH funded research is concerned, anyone can look up a topic on PubMed [nih.gov] read the text of an abstract, obtain an author's e-mail and receive a reprint or pdf of any publication. Most researchers are eager to send along copies of their published work ...

    • A lot of computer scientists seem to do this - it's very rare that I want to read a CS paper and I can't find a copy on the website of at least one author.
    • The problem is that at least in life sciences a lot of journals require you to sign over all your rights to them thus effectively preventing you from publishing your work on your Web site without getting in legal hot water. Yet for many researchers being published in a journal with high impact factor seems to outweight such limitations.

      Therefore it would really make sense if the NIH as one of the most influencial funders of science not only in the US but internationally would push the life science comunity
  • by Hamster Lover ( 558288 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:00PM (#10170711) Journal
    no one would be willing to pay for a subscription to Sports Illustrated if they can get the scores for free off the Internet.

    There's more to these health journals than just the reports themselves, which provide commentary and editorial content above and beyond reports.

    • There's more to these health journals than just the reports themselves, which provide commentary and editorial content above and beyond reports.

      Then they shouldn't have a problem with this. They offer value-added content - people that want it will pay for it. They have no just cause to start screaming.

  • peer review... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by johnjones ( 14274 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:00PM (#10170715) Homepage Journal
    people claim that in order to post the research then it should be reviewed

    ok I agree

    what I dont agree with is that the reviewers in most case for publications get paid pitance or are completely out of their depth
    what the NIH needs to do is set up a publishing system that ANYONE can use and submit their work

    you get mod points and a team of very fancy reviewers who NIH appoints and have unlimted mod points

    those publications e.g. NATURE who charge me to view somone elses work are dead

    NIH should be looking out for the people who pay tax's

    (I dont pay tax in the US anymore I pay uk tax's and frankly complain about it...)

    regards

    John Jones
    • Re:peer review... (Score:4, Informative)

      by Idarubicin ( 579475 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @04:02PM (#10171160) Journal
      what I dont agree with is that the reviewers in most case for publications get paid pitance or are completely out of their depth

      The former is quite true. Actually, most reviewers aren't paid, period. It's seen as a way to contribute back to the research community. It works reasonably well that way--by the time someone is likely to be asked to review papers, they have quite a few publications under their belt, and they should have some familiarity with the review process.

      I disagree strongly with the latter statement. It's been my experience that reviewers are generally highly competent to review the papers that they see. Part of this is down to the journal editorial board--they have to find appropriate reviewers, and perhaps there are some third-string journals that don't have the resources or contacts to find top-rate reviewers.

      what the NIH needs to do is set up a publishing system that ANYONE can use and submit their work

      Why? Instead of just being able to submit to a hypothetical future NIH journal, anyone is free to submit papers to any journal now. Granted, some journals do charge to publish--generally most will waive those page charges if you can demonstrate genuinely dire financial straits. You're also welcome to self-publish on the web, but then of course you don't get any of the credibility associated with formal peer review.

      you get mod points and a team of very fancy reviewers who NIH appoints and have unlimted mod points

      Eek. I'm not sure that 'mod points' would be a sufficiently precise tool for this type of review. In conventional peer review, reviewers do indeed offer a recommendation about the fate of a submitted paper. Usually there are three or so categories, roughly "acceptable for publication", "acceptable with significant revision", "not acceptable for publication". However, they don't stop there. Depending on the paper and the perceived flaws or areas for improvement, they will also return anywhere from a few sentences to several pages of comments. If a paper is rejected for publication, it's very useful for a scientist to know precisely why. Were there important controls missing? Is the manuscript inappropriate for the particular journal? Did the reviewer misunderstand the results? Properly reviewing a paper takes a significant amount of time--a few hours minimum, multiplied by the number of reviewers (two or three are typical; I know of very few exceptions.)

      Also, where would this pool of highly-competent reviewers come from? Generally, the most up-to-date individuals in any field are very busy doing their own research. They don't have time to do detailed review and "moderation" of thousands of unfiltered web submissions. If you filter submissions past a paid part- or full-time editor, you're essentially right back to the old school peer review process.

      those publications e.g. NATURE who charge me to view somone elses work are dead

      You can have open publications without abandoning traditional peer review--you don't need to throw the baby out with the bathwater. See for example PLoS Biology [plosbiology.org]. It's an open publication--all articles are available for free, online. I think it's a very promising experiment, and I look forward to the launch of further PLoS (Public Library of Science) titles. Will they kill Nature or Science? Who knows? I'm willing to see how the journal ecology evolves.

  • by Cryofan ( 194126 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:03PM (#10170734) Journal
    Wouldn't using tax dollars for public good just socialism?
    And isn't socialism evil?

    Now, this does run strictly to our wonderful new lasseiz-faire/globalized/neoliberal economy, which has as one of its main principles, "if there is a way through which any corporation may make money, then that is a Good Thing."

    Of course, what we have here is just another example of "public financing, private profit."

  • by geneing ( 756949 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:03PM (#10170737)
    that's expensive. Proofreading and editing is expensive. Sending out papers for peer review and keeping track of the comments. Keep in mind that many scientific journals publish less then a thousand copies.

    There is an alternative - author pays (see PLOS). There are downsides to this too. If you don't have grant money you don't publish. It is less of a problem in biology, but mathematics and theoretical physics will suffer.

    Publishing on the web is not a good alternative. With paper journals and a university library you can find articles from 100 years ago or more. Strangely enough these old articles are useful sometimes :)

    The problem came about because Springer decided make scientific journal publishing a more profitable business at the same time that libraries decided to cut costs by limiting paper journal subscriptions. IMHO, let's not make radical changes while we are in a state of flux.

    • It's not the publishing that's expensive. Proofreading and editing is expensive.

      Some journals request authors to produce properly formatted docs with camera-ready images, with the right font size and labels, etc., warning otherwise that errors "may delay" publication. It's mentioned that too many errors will result in extra surcharges. It seems to me that the authors are doing more of the publishers' work.

      Or, is the publish-or-perish phenomenon forcing publishers to streamline too much?
    • by buxton2k ( 228339 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:28PM (#10170906)
      I'm an assistant editor on a small academic journal, so while my experience is limited, I have some knowledge of what it takes to put out a journal.

      You're right, it's not really the publishing that's expensive. But neither are the high costs of journals due to the proofreading/editing/peer review stages. Almost every respectable peer reviewed journal (whether for-profit or non-profit) uses volunteer peer reviewers. The editors are also usually volunteers (certainly with any non-profit or association journal). And publishing costs are no higher than for printing any other type of work.

      The high costs are due to the increasing consolidation of academic journals under a few journal corporations. Academics of all fields need access to journals, so their schools have to pay. So costs have soared several hundred percent in the last few years. Additionally, for-profit publishers often require schools to buy bundles of lower-quality journals if they want to gain any access to the higher-quality journals. And researchers have to publish, because failure to publish reduces chances for jobs, as well as destroys the open exchange and criticism of ideas that characterizes science.

      However, for the journal to remain peer-reviewed, it depends on volunteer, unpaid articles and peer-reviewers.
  • by stubear ( 130454 )
    "Why should Americans who funded the research with their tax dollars have to pay again to read the research?"
    Why should US tax payers subsidize scientific research for other countries to use? If the research is published on teh internet then what mechnisms are going to be put in place to ensure its protection? Is the EU going to help fund the NIH? Just a couple questions to consider, I'm not taking sides here.
    • Why should US tax payers subsidize scientific research for other countries to use? If the research is published on teh internet then what mechnisms are going to be put in place to ensure its protection?

      Um, US tax payers subsidize scientific research for others to use... NOW. That's the whole idea of publication - you publish your results, so EVERYBODY can look at, reproduce, and weigh in. If this proposal disenfranchises the journals (expensive as they are), then the only people who lose are the journa
    • Of course, everybody knows that the US scientists never read papers published in European journals, never go to conferences sponsored by European institutions, never get funds from European countries (for example, getting paid by CERN) and, generally, never take any interest in, or profit from, European-made research. And, of course, all PhD students in the USA graduated American colleges and are pure-bred Americans.

      Let me spell it out to you: science is i-n-t-e-r-n-a-t-i-o-n-a-l. You have friendly (some
  • This is the most sensible thing I've ever heard from the NIH!

    That doesn't mean they haven't said things just as sensible in the past, of course, just that I've never noticed, if so. The stinky things people / organizations do tend to stick out more.

    If something is or should be funded with tax dollars (a category I think is best kept small or smaller, but *if*!), then it had better be available to the people who pay those dollars in.

    Moreover, any government spending at all should be made with a specific p
    • ---If something is or should be funded with tax dollars (a category I think is best kept small or smaller, but *if*!), then it had better be available to the people who pay those dollars in.---

      Sure. Let's start handing out nuclear and chemical weapons to any taxpayer who wants them. Their taxes did pay for them after all. When our taxes pay for a coup of a foreign government, are we all entitled to a piece of that country? And we should all be entitled to all sorts of services from Haliburton as well.
  • by glockenspieler ( 692846 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:07PM (#10170763)
    Ok, as someone who has received funding from NIH and who has also worked with various journals, I think that encouraging the wider dissemination of research is very good. I also think that there are publishers that are dangerously close to owning most of the publication outlets for many fields (Elsevier for one...) and that libraries are feeling the pinch. This is a bad thing.

    I will also note that Journals, whether owned by commercial companies or produced by scientific societies perform many services that cost money and legitimately should be renumerated. Scientific research does not stop at data collection but the results must be vetted by your peers (i.e., peer review). An editor for a journal must select some number of reviewers, distribute the papers to the reviewers, read the returned reviews, make a publish/reject but resubmit/reject decision, then, if accepted, hand it off to the copy editors, etc. Many of us act as reviewers for free but editors, editorial assistants, copy editors, graphic designers, etc all work for pay and the scientific process benefits from their efforts. Moreover, archiving and preserving electronic access essentially forever will cost someone some money. The devil in the details is that we need to make sure that there is room for some revenue to support these things.

    My two cents.
    • Many of us act as reviewers for free

      And that's valuable work
      but editors, editorial assistants, copy editors, graphic designers, etc all work for pay

      This, however, doesn't add so much value. You could almost automate the selection function of editors - let the reviewers give articles a score, a bit like Slashdot. Copy editors for academic journals do nothing - authors do the proofreading.

      Moreover, archiving and preserving electronic access essentially forever will cost someone some money.

      I think the m

      • ---This, however, doesn't add so much value---

        Editors do a lot more than just hands on editing of papers. They spend a lot of time soliciting articles for their journal, requesting review articles, news articles and book reviews, determine the direction of the journal (and keep it moving that way), solicit and edit art, answer author queries, get and grant reprint permission for figure re-use and just generally deal with the day to day crap necessary to keep a journal running. Most journals have severa
    • Disclaimer: I'm an MD/PhD student on NIH's MSTP training grant. All the research type stuff I've done in the past few years has been supported in one way or another by NIH.

      I don't mind the idea of journals gathering a bunch of articles they like, getting permission from the authors, and selling the collections. For example, if I read an article in Nature, I can be reasonably sure that the article describes high-impact research. That is the value that prestigious journals add.

      But what I don't like is th
  • Great News! (Score:2, Insightful)

    by bigredmed ( 699538 )
    I treat orphan diseases so often, I feel like Father Flanagan, MD. Do a lit search and find a reference that might help cure a child with a rare disease. Find that I can't read the thing because its only published in some obscure journal and they won't release the copyright without charging me a significant amount of money (especially considering that the article may not do anything at all for my patient, and that there may be 5-10 of these articles.) Much better to see these studies in the public domain
  • I guess the geek in me got the better of me. When I read the story title, I thought it meant that NIH was going to mandate that scientists receiving funding from them use open source software. And of course, it would make sense as it would mean more money spent on actual research. Now if only ...

  • by bcrowell ( 177657 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:14PM (#10170814) Homepage
    And without journals, who would do the expensive work of selecting, peer-reviewing and editing research results into the clean and scientifically reliable products upon which scientists and the public have come to rely?
    Wow, what a load of male bovine excreta. Peer reviewers aren't paid. In my field (physics), journals typically require the author of the paper to submit it in LaTeX format, using a set of LaTeX macros that are defined by the journal. The journal does absolutely zero work in cleaning up the paper and getting it ready to go in the journal.

    What seems a little ambiguous here is what would actually happen to the papers. AFAICT from the article, they're just talking about forcing recipients of NIH money to give their papers to NIH for free-as-in-beer distribution. But then what happens to the papers? In physics, we have arxiv.org [arxiv.org], which is a free electronic depository for preprints and reprints, many of which have not yet been peer reviewed or published in a peer-reviewed journal. Is NIH planning to set up the equivalent of arxiv.org themselves? It seems like they're completely ignoring the recent efforts to start up free, electronic scientific journals.

    I would like to see something like this:

    • Traditional print journals (ones that charge subscription fees) should all be forced out of business. They're dinosaurs. They have absolutely no excuse for continuing to exist.
    • The success of arxiv.org should be emulated in other sciences besides physics. But note that this has nothing to do with peer review.
    • There should be nonprofit peer-reviewing societies; peer reviewing is already unpaid work, so this is something that should be possible to accomplish with fairly easily. It should be hard to get the seal of approval of the most selective peer-reviewing societies (as hard as publishing in Phys Rev Letters), and easy to get the seal of approval of the least selective ones (as easy as publishing in Phys Rev).
    • by Hoplite3 ( 671379 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:45PM (#10171023)
      Peer reviewers aren't paid. In my field (physics), journals typically require the author of the paper to submit it in LaTeX format, using a set of LaTeX macros that are defined by the journal. The journal does absolutely zero work in cleaning up the paper and getting it ready to go in the journal.

      That's the way it is my my field too (math). The print journals are yesterday's way of paying organizers to setup peer review systems. Now they exist to tax research institutions with subscription costs. No one wants to photocopy articles out of a journal. They get the preprint online. There are other electronic preprint archives, such as the Stanford one.

      The essential problem is to pay an administrator to parcel out reviewing assignments to researchers. These people could be effectively funded by a coalition of universities, because god knows they'll get that money from government grants anyway.

    • by platyk ( 696356 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @04:33PM (#10171383) Homepage Journal
      But then what happens to the papers? In physics, we have arxiv.org, which is a free electronic depository for preprints and reprints, many of which have not yet been peer reviewed or published in a peer-reviewed journal. Is NIH planning to set up the equivalent of arxiv.org themselves? It seems like they're completely ignoring the recent efforts to start up free, electronic scientific journals.

      Um, NIH already has a well developed infrastructure for this: PubMed Central [pubmedcentral.gov]. The problem is that not many journals are contributing full text to it right now. NIH does provide the abstracts only for just about every medical journal article in existence, as well as lots of other stuff through Entrez [nih.gov].

  • by mmmmmhotpants ( 800341 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:15PM (#10170820)
    I don't think your average person is going to put down their Glamour/Cosmo/Time/Maxim/Newsweek so they can read about immunoglobin class switch recombination for $30. If your family member is sick with cancer in the hospital, you will not be beside table interpreting the western blots from the latest Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
    The current, scientifically educated, audience of the NIH funded publications have enough trouble understanding the research. What makes them think the general non-science public will.
    • This has nothing to do with altering people's reading habits to read scientific papers as you postulate.

      It has to do with providing access to tax-funded research without additional costs incurred by interested researchers, which is for the greater scientific good.

      I'm in complete support of this proposal.
  • by Liquid-Gecka ( 319494 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:19PM (#10170854)
    Over the sumer I worked under a NIH sponsored grant (the BRIN/INBRE program). All of the research projects presented where public. Granted it was all university research and not private companies. Either way, I wrote some spine modeling software and to my knowledge I am required to release it open source (As I would anyways, though I would go GPL over PD personally.) About the only thing I can think of is that there where added requirements to the initial NIH grant by the BRIN/INBRE or BSU groups.

    If your intrested, the pdf of the power I presented (warning, almost 3 megs) can be found here. [boisestate.edu]
  • by hattig ( 47930 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:23PM (#10170863) Journal
    Let people publish to it with the proviso that they peer review another 5 papers before they can publish again.

    Free peer review (well, it is done for pittance anyway) and they don't have to buy journals so really they are saving money anyway, and papers get rated which solves one of the arguments against this system.

    If they are too lazy to peer review, then make them pay $20 to submit their paper to aid in the running of the system, although it should be run as JustAnotherServer at universities anyway.
  • by levell ( 538346 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:25PM (#10170879) Homepage
    In particle physics (and some other mathematical physics), we already put preprints of all our papers on the web (for free) at the arXiv [arxiv.org] and have done for years.
  • This is fantastic (Score:5, Insightful)

    by 0x0d0a ( 568518 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:30PM (#10170931) Journal
    If this is the beginning of the end for the traditional publication system (hopefully in *all* fields -- computer science has a large chunk of papers freely available, but not all fields, and not all are so lucky) I will be overjoyed. Free access to research data is *huge*.

    Now, the possible spectre is if research journals can't make money by charging $200 to view a research paper, we might lose the existing mechanism supporting peer review. However, I'd much rather build a new one (The cost is in distribution and trust management, ne? We *love* designing new systems to manage these on the Internet! P2P + PGP + some idiot-proof front ends, and we're talking.)

    This also means that cutting-edge knowlede spreads more quickly, and is available to people "outside the field" -- i.e. those that don't buy in to the expensive journals that mark you as being "in the field".

    I am overjoyed. I'm not sure who initiated this policy shift, but they deserve major kudos.
  • Here's the deal (Score:3, Insightful)

    by rollingcalf ( 605357 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @03:52PM (#10171073)
    If a journal wants to own all the publication rights for a piece of taxpayer-funded research, allow them to do that if they agree to refund the taxpayers for whatever amount the government spent on the research.
  • by geekee ( 591277 ) on Monday September 06, 2004 @04:20PM (#10171309)
    Who sorts through the info to determine the junk from the real science?

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