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Medicine

Vaccination Offers Better Protection Than Previous COVID-19 Infection (thehill.com) 368

An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Hill: A new study from the [CDC] finds that vaccination provides better protection against hospitalization with COVID-19 than a previous infection with the virus. The analysis found people hospitalized with coronavirus-like symptoms were more than five times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 if they had had recent prior infection than if they were recently vaccinated. The study released Friday examined more than 7,000 people across nine states and 187 hospitals, comparing those who were unvaccinated and had previously had the coronavirus in the last three to six months and those who were vaccinated over the same time frame.

The CDC urged even those who were previously infected to get their shots. [...] Overall, [CDC Director Rochelle Walensky] said at a press briefing earlier this week that the hospitalization rate among unvaccinated people is 12 times higher than for vaccinated people. The vaccination rate for those 12 and older has now reached 78 percent with at least one shot, but Walensky noted that still leaves more than 60 million eligible Americans unvaccinated.

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Vaccination Offers Better Protection Than Previous COVID-19 Infection

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  • by VeryFluffyBunny ( 5037285 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @08:10AM (#61941425)
    ...on this thread! They're just trying to scare everyone into the Jewish Illuminati's giant insidious conspiracy to control our minds with 5G chips & a space laser. Don't fall for it! BTW, stop reading GQP gibberish & get vaccinated.
    • by colonslash ( 544210 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @08:20AM (#61941447)
      Actually, a study from Israel, the Jewish state, reported the opposite of these findings, so they're not responsible for the study in this post: https://www.science.org/conten... [science.org]
      • The researchers also found that people who had SARS-CoV-2 previously and received one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine were more highly protected against reinfection than those who once had the virus and were still unvaccinated

        So your study is about people who were infected and had a vaccine. Not a contradiction at all, just yet another different situation and a reminder that if you have been infected you should still get the vaccine.

        • by Entrope ( 68843 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @08:36AM (#61941483) Homepage

          No, what you quoted was only a secondary finding of the study:

          The newly released data show people who once had a SARS-CoV-2 infection were much less likely than never-infected, vaccinated people to get Delta, develop symptoms from it, or become hospitalized with serious COVID-19.

          That was several paragraphs before the quote that you fished out, so why did you ignore it?

          • That was several paragraphs before the quote that you fished out, so why did you ignore it?

            Was scan reading soon after waking up and before coffee ("has trouble reading"). My apologies.

        • correction: the article actually says both; In which case it's likely old data 'cos there are now lots of studies that say the opposite.

      • I've been scratching my head over that one.
        The database they used for the analysis shows different results than the entirety of the first world, minus them.
        One wonders if the Israelis fucked up the distribution of the mRNA vaccines.
        • by dryeo ( 100693 )

          One theory is that they gave the 2 doses too close together for maximum protection. Seems waiting longer between doses gives better protection, with the ideal being closer to 16 weeks.

      • by Synonymous Cowered ( 6159202 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @09:28AM (#61941675)

        OK, there is that flawed study I had mentioned in my other post and was waiting for it to be mentioned.

        The flaw in the study? It was a retroactive study based upon covid test results. They looked at the number of positives results in each of the 3 groups (previous infected & unvaccinated, previously infected & vaccinated, and not previously infected & vaccinated). From that, they then determined the vaccinated were 13 times more likely to get an infection than the previously infects but unvaccinated.

        So what is the flaw? It is selection bias. Though the patients they selected for each group were controlled for demographics and health, they did not control for who got tested. That results in a huge selection bias.

        People who chose to get vaccinated tend to take the virus seriously. They often covid test when they get minor symptoms. They test when they know they have a close contact. And sometimes they just plain test because, although they have zero reason to suspect an infection, they're getting together with a group and want to make sure they are clean. More tests means more chance of picking up a positive for an asymptomatic or minor symptomatic infection. And they're more likely to run to the hospital if they are concerned that things aren't going well. They're more likely to seek monoclonal antibody treatments before things get bad if they think they are at risk.

        On the other hand, the people that don't vaccinate often tend to either believe covid is fake or it isn't significant. They aren't going to test for something they don't think is real. They won't test for something they believe is just a minor cold. They don't particularly care if they pass "just a minor cold" on to other people around them. They're more likely to just try and ride a more serious infection out at home. Thus they aren't going to self select themselves for testing or hospitalization in as great of numbers.

        The study could've controlled for this sort of stuff better if they followed people who got tested and matched them for frequency of testing, and then seen what their positivity rate was among the 2 groups. But that's not what they did, and their results are severely flawed as a results

        The researchers even acknowledge this in their own study:

        https://www.medrxiv.org/conten... [medrxiv.org]

        Our study has several limitations . . . Additionally, as this is an observational real-world study, where
        PCR screening was not performed by protocol, we might be underestimating
        asymptomatic infections, as these individuals often do not get tested.

        • What about survivorship bias as well?
          Infected people included in the study are also the ones who survived the infection. Their immune response would have to be at lest better than a random group of people. The infection just selected out the weak ones.
    • Ah, you beat me too it :). That was the first thing I thought as well, although you missed out Big Pharma.

      • Ah, yes... and I forgot to mention Peter File's ring, whatever that is. Apparently, someone with a gun found it in a pizza takeaway & a lot of people got upset.
    • by Synonymous Cowered ( 6159202 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @08:32AM (#61941481)

      You joke, but you are correct. This study isn't likely going to convince anyone. The people who will believe this probably already got vaccinated. The people who aren't yet vaccinated already have their (flawed) study showing that vaccinated people are something like a dozen times more likely to get infected. This new study will fly in the face of that one (even though they are studying different things, hospitalization vs infection, one would expect them to correlate), so they will continue to believe the one they already have as evidence.

      That's how those people work. The people that actually believe in science are happy to consider each new study that comes in, look for the weaknesses in each one, and go with what the preponderance of the evidence suggest. On the other hand, the ones that want to pretend they believe in science will find the one or two studies that support their beliefs, post it to facebook with as asshat "SCIENCE!!!" remark, then proceed to ignore all future criticism pointing out any flaws of that study, along with any other studies that contradict it.

    • What, no word about the reptiloids?

      What are you trying to hide?

    • The devil is in the details.

      Natural immunity provide better protection against *infection*, but vaccines provide better protection against *hospitalization*. They're moving the goal posts again.

  • But but but... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by fafalone ( 633739 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @08:20AM (#61941443)
    I've got this single unreviewed preprint from Israel that says natural infection is way better!

    -Incoming antivaxxers
    • by Entrope ( 68843 )

      What peer review has this report gotten? The CDC site labels this an "Early Release", which implies they don't think it is final.

      • What peer review has this report gotten? The CDC site labels this an "Early Release", which implies they don't think it is final.

        That's not necessarily evidence of a comparative (as compared to the average or median paper) lack of peer review, but also possibly of a short review period.

        • by Entrope ( 68843 )

          There is also nothing that is "necessarily evidence" this study is worth anything. I asked about actuals, not maybes or hypotheticals.

          Again: What (preferably peer) review has this study undergone that would justify holding it in higher regard than the supposed "unreviewed preprint from Israeli" that the OP complained about?

          • There is also nothing that is "necessarily evidence" this study is worth anything. I asked about actuals, not maybes or hypotheticals.

            You also made a statement as if it were fact when it is a hypothetical, which is the part of your comment I was addressing. In short, it was hypocritical.

            • by Entrope ( 68843 )

              You are making lame, wrong personal attacks instead of answering the question. Your implicit answer is "there is no meaningful review of this study" -- it is no more reliable than the Israeli study that the OP complained about.

              What part of my my earlier comment ...

              What peer review has this report gotten? The CDC site labels this an "Early Release", which implies they don't think it is final.

              ... do you think is "a statement as if it were fact when it is a hypothetical"? Do you not know what "Early Release" means?

              • You are making lame, wrong personal attacks instead of answering the question.

                What you said is that they don't think it is final. You said this without any evidence. An early release is not necessarily a sign that the paper is not final. What you said was lame and wrong, and like I said, hypocritical.

                • by Entrope ( 68843 )

                  Maybe you should go read what the CDC says [cdc.gov] about things labeled "Early Release".

                  And you should definitely think about five times before the next time you accuse someone of saying something "without any evidence" when they not only remind you exactly what evidence they had, but point out that you apparently don't understand that evidence.

    • This claim is from a study published in the CDC's publication, "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report." I can guarantee you that anything showing up in a weekly report hasn't gotten a careful, full-blown peer review. If you want something that's gone through the full peer review process, here's one:

      A Systematic Review of the Protective Effect of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Repeat Infection [sagepub.com]

      "The weighted average risk reduction against reinfection was 90.4% with a standard deviation of 7.7% (p-value: 0.01)."

  • Math is hard (Score:5, Insightful)

    by rmdingler ( 1955220 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @08:24AM (#61941457) Journal

    Currently, 80-90% of hospitalizations for Covid are unvaccinated patients, and 90%+ of deaths related to Covid infection are unvaccinated individuals.

    If you knew just these two facts, and there were infinitesimal side effects from the jab, you'd get your family and loved ones protected.

    What's happened, unfortunately, is that people are given access to bad science posing as fact and they're unable to discern the truth from all the noise.

    • Currently, 80-90% of hospitalizations for Covid are unvaccinated patients, and 90%+ of deaths related to Covid infection are unvaccinated individuals.

      If you knew just these two facts, and there were infinitesimal side effects from the jab, you'd get your family and loved ones protected.

      What's happened, unfortunately, is that people are given access to bad science posing as fact and they're unable to discern the truth from all the noise.

      We have to come to an understanding that we can't fix or control stupid.

      There are people who believe all kinds of strange stuff. I guess that the one bright spot in this mess is that there are now less of them, as a strange karma-like effect seems to be removing them from the planet.

      Probably best to give them their ivermectin, their Betadine gargle, and send them on their way.

      • by HiThere ( 15173 )

        Well, you've got to accept a lot a deaths among those who act optimally for that to seem a decent choice. It might, however, decrease social stresses.

        FWIW, I'm against physicians monopolizing access to most drugs. The only ones I think they should be allowed to monopolize are the antibiotics. So I'm basically in agreement with you. But there *are* drawbacks to this position.

      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • by mark-t ( 151149 )

        If the only people they affected was themselves, sure...

        But they also increase the risk of the other people who are vulnerable as well, including even the tiny percentage of people who did get vaccinated but in whom the vaccine is unfortunately not effective.

        I'm okay with people who have legitimate medical reasons for not getting vaccinated remaining so. Their medical condition is not a result of a deliberate or willful choice they are making. But anyone else, IMO, has ZERO excuse to not become vacci

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by Reiyuki ( 5800436 )

      Currently, 80-90% of hospitalizations for Covid are unvaccinated patients, and 90%+ of deaths related to Covid infection are unvaccinated individuals.

      You will find most of the figures implying >90% unvaccinated deaths are caused by the date they begin tracking. In most cases, numbers begin in January or earlier, which is well before vaccines were widely available. If you use more recent numbers and/or other national averages, the factor has been around 50/50. Israel, Singapore, Iceland around 60/40, UK+Portugal around 50%, Spain ~40%, etc.

      https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/public-health/nearly-60-of-hospitalized-covid-19-patients-in-israel-fu

      • by HiThere ( 15173 )

        If you want fine grained analysis you also need to include the ratio of properly vaccinated people to others in the population stratified by expected susceptibility to COVID indepent of vaccination.

        If you do that the numbers are no longer that simple, but they do support the claim that vaccination renders folks less likely to die or experience long COVID. (That's two independent claims.) Unfortunately, all those studies come with significant error bars, but they still support the conclusion. Just not a c

      • https://vtdigger.org/2021/10/2... [vtdigger.org]
        Look at the graph of weekly vaccinated vs unvaccinated cases per capita. Only looking at the month of October, unvaccinated were way more likely to get infected

        https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volum... [cdc.gov]
        That study shows during June 20 to July 17, unvaccinated had 5x higher cases and 10x higher hospitalization and death

        As for your link, notice its not controlling per capita? It just says 60% of hospitalized in Israel were fully vaccinated. Yet the article says 78% of the population was

      • Re:Math is hard (Score:4, Insightful)

        by dryeo ( 100693 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @12:07PM (#61942259)

        Yes, and if we had 100% vaccination, 100% of deaths would be in the vaccinated population.

    • What's happened, unfortunately, is that people are given access to bad science posing as fact and they're unable to discern the truth from all the noise.

      Given access is not the real problem. There have always been people who just make up shit. The problem has been the endorsement of outright lies as "the real truth".

    • Re:Math is hard (Score:4, Insightful)

      by dryeo ( 100693 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @11:02AM (#61942009)

      Here in BC, for the last 2 week period, 26.2% of the hospitalized were fully vaccinated. This is a reflection on the high vaccination rates (as well as not correcting for age), if we ever get to 100% vaccinated, hospitalizations will be 100% vaccinated and you know what conclusions the anti-vaxers will draw.

  • I would expect the group that contracted covid on average is at a higher risk to exposure than those who got vaccinated. So to get it a second time for that group versus a first time for a vaccinated person is unsurprising. I got the shot more to prevent ending up in the hospital with a serious case. I am not expecting the shot to stop me from getting a mild case in the unlikely event of me getting exposed.
    • The study is data from 2020 before the newer variants like delta came along. So no, it does not. It is confusing and frustrating trying to piece all the information we have together properly when it keeps changing in not insignificant ways.
    • As this study is from april I would say that the Delta was not a factor in it and being so much more infectious it probably changed the (re)infection rates;
      also the lancet has fame but sincerely it has shown time and time again that their peer review process is not the best and some bad quality papers sip through, not saying it is the case, only that would take anything from them with a pinch of salt.

  • by Alwin Henseler ( 640539 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @09:10AM (#61941615)

    And how severe were their symptoms?

    I've read that in many cases, how many antibodies remain after COVID-19, depends on how strong the body responds to an infection. Very mild symptoms -> few antibodies produced or remaining after passage of time. Very sick -> more antibodies and/or remaining in the body for much longer. (please correct me if wrong on this)

    Could be that these were mostly people who on their 1st infection got hit with a light viral load, only had mild symptoms, built up a small amount of antibodies, and now (2nd infection) ran into a situation where they got hit with a much more contagious strain / higher viral load, and their immune system (armed with few antibodies) got overwhelmed on the '2nd try'. Much like as if they had not been infected before. Or the previous infection did some long-term damage that left their health weaker overall (and thus a 2nd infection more 'successful').

    I've been through COVID-19 myself. A couple of weeks pretty ill. But nowhere near enough to go to hospital. Same for my dad who's in his 80's, got a vaccination some time after (1 shot only so far). Now there's talk about 3rd (booster) shots, possibly repeats every year or so much like annual flu shots. I mean: for example my dad lived to his 80's without annual flu shots. As for myself: where's the added value? I'm generally quite healthy. If I were to get ill a 2nd time, how big a chance of going to hospital after having gone through a 1st infection (+ weeks of being sick) without hospitalization? I would suspect slim to none.

    I'd like to see some data / studies on this. There's plenty of evidence that vaccines are no silver bullet, but help a lot to keep people out of hospital, IC, or prevent death. And yes as long as large groups of unvaccinated people remain, it's no surprise they keep hitting hospitals. But how about in-between cases like my dad & I? Or people who had few symptoms but their immune systems still 'remembers the enemy'? People whose body encounters the virus regularly in small doses (or maybe not-so-small doses) but didn't get sick? People who got sick with COVID-19 a 2nd, or maybe even a 3rd time?

    It's always weighing pro's vs. cons. For me, when the pandemic started, it was [helping to stop others become sick] and [possibly avoid hospitalization due to a severe disease] vs. taking a vaccine that was only tested for a short while. So vaccination seemed like a sensible thing to do given the severity of the situation. But difficult choice nonetheless. So I opted to limit contacts, follow social distancing & hygiene rules etc, and wait & see.

    Now, it's more like [who am I protecting? Some 80% of my country's population is vaccinated. Most of whom also had a 2nd shot. And my own body can cope with it. Repeat shots every year? Forget it!] vs. [even now still-unknown long term effects of vaccination] and [HATE people being pushed into getting vaccinated]. Which for the time being keeps me on the side of "trust your body's defenses".

    But I'm definitely not anti vaccines or anything. Scientific method all the way. So more data would be helpful. We've been in this sh** long enough to have some.

    • by godrik ( 1287354 )

      I don't understand your position. Why is getting a shot every year "forget about it"? What's the deal breaker in there? I get my flu shot every year at my employment location when I walk back from lunch. I shot by a community building, I get a shot and I am back on my way to the office.
      It takes 5 minutes. Instead of finishing my take-out coffee in my office lobby, I take it filling it a form.

      • Vaccines normally only require a course of 2-3 doses, at most, for very long-term immunity. Flu shots are a glaring exception. They're often ineffective, and repeated use of flu shots may reduce their effectiveness over time:

        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... [nih.gov]

        It should be obvious why getting another Covid vaccine yearly should be a deal-breaker. It means we would have on our hands yet another ineffective vaccination program.

        • by godrik ( 1287354 )

          It should be obvious why getting another Covid vaccine yearly should be a deal-breaker. It means we would have on our hands yet another ineffective vaccination program.

          No I do not understand. It is not obvious to me. If we need a yearly vaccination, it is because the virus is highly mutating. That's why we do it against the flu, it is highly mutating, extremely infectious, and can get people pretty sick or kill them.

          I would love for the vaccine to be a one time thing and we can forget about it. But that's not how it is and we don't always get what we want. And what are the options?

          You say the flu vaccine is ineffective. And in percentage it is true, only about 40% or so.

  • by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @09:24AM (#61941669)

    The raw odds ratio in the mmwr is about 1.9.

    The total number of positive tests in the unvaxxed previous infection group was 89 out of 1k or 8.9 pct (vs 324 out of 6k vaxxed or 5pct ) (Table 1).

    Then they sliced it and diced it among age and geographic groups to come up with an adjusted ratio of 5, with a lower bound of over 2.

    But the uncertainty is driven by the 89 positive tests among unvaxxed hospitalized, and dividing that into smaller chunks for adjustments can only inflate the uncertainty floor.

    Sqrt 89 is about 10, so 2 sigma plus minus gives a low bound on raw confidence interval of 6.9 pct for an odds ratio closer to 1.4. Their lower bound on the aor is above that floor, so that's a little fishy.

    The other thing I notice is fewer hospitalizations at all among unvaxxed. They skew young so that's to be expected.

    My overall take is that this looks like it's more cherrypicking and looking under the streetlight for a missing watch lost elsewhere. The numbers are overall low, and the assumptions that raise the aor in favor of vaccination over natural immunity could be reasonably made to skew the data in either direction.

    This was not a randomized trial. And between confounding factors and the small numbers, it's not dispositive no matter how the books get cooked.

    I see no obvious harms in vaccination. But I do see harm in passing off results teetering on the edge of statistical noise as unbiased science.

  • by mveloso ( 325617 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @09:29AM (#61941681)

    If you don't know how much viral load people were exposed/how often they were exposed to you can't draw these kids of conclusions.

    It's like saying "more beef eaters tested positive for C19 than vegetarians. So you should eat vegetables."

    • by fazig ( 2909523 )
      Kinda have to agree.

      People who are too stupid to see that the COVID vaccines aren't as dangerous as a lot of other people claim for them to be, after all there's already been billions of doses administered and you'd think that if something was horribly wrong we'd see it, are also likely to be so stupid to not believe in masks, social distancing, may attend infection parties just out of spite.
  • by Dan East ( 318230 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @09:36AM (#61941705) Journal

    I'm not seeing the "five times more likely" numbers in the CDC study, nor is it clear to me how that number was obtained. I'm no statistician, so maybe someone else can explain how this adds up to "five times more likely":

    From the study:

    [COVID] infection was identified among 324 (5.1%) of 6,328 fully vaccinated persons and among 89 of 1,020 (8.7%) unvaccinated, previously infected persons.

    So can anyone explain where The Hill article gets "five times more likely" from the study which says no such thing?

    • by Entrope ( 68843 )

      The first sentence in the study that makes that claim is this:

      Among COVID-19-like illness hospitalizations in persons whose previous infection or vaccination occurred 90-179 days earlier, the odds of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics) among unvaccinated, previously infected adults were higher than the odds among fully vaccinated recipients of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with no previous documented infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.49; 95% confidence

    • You need to look at Table 2, linked to in the study:

      https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volum... [cdc.gov]

      That "five times more likely" is for one scenario and one question.

      If you got the Moderna vaccine an unvaccinated person is seven times more likely to be reinfected and hospitalized than you.

      If you are considering when the Delta variant was dominant an unvaccinated, previously infected person is over seven times more likely to be reinfected and hospitalized than a fully vaccinated (with the mRNA vaccines).

      Please follow the links.

    • In the very first paragraph of the linked study:

      Among COVID-19–like illness hospitalizations in persons whose previous infection or vaccination occurred 90–179 days earlier, the odds of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics) among unvaccinated, previously infected adults were higher than * Funded by CDC, the VISION Network includes Columbia University Irving Medical Center (New York), HealthPartners (Minnesota and Wisconsin), Intermountain Healthcare (Utah), Kaiser Permanente Northern California (California), Kaiser Permanente Northwest (Oregon and Washington), Regenstrief Institute (Indiana), and University of Colorado (Colorado). the odds among fully vaccinated recipients of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with no previous documented infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.75–10.99) . . .

      Seriously did you not read the first paragraph of the study before you declared it was not there.

  • It is very common to hear antivaxxers spout some bullshit about "natural immunity". Putting aside the fact that 1-2% of people die and many more suffer long, possibly life long effects from "natural immunity", clearly it is worth fuck all. Vaccines aren't a panacea but they provide strong protection against disease and if a new strain appeared, then they could be modified to fight those too. Also, a person infected with covid who has been vaccinated is still generating an immune response to bolster the vacc
  • by snowshovelboy ( 242280 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @10:14AM (#61941851)

    What if people that behave in ways that led them to get covid already behave in ways that lead to them getting covid a 2nd time?

    We don't know because they didn't check against a placebo group of people who had covid before, thought they got vaccinated, but were given a placebo instead. And hopefully we never will.

    • by mark-t ( 151149 )
      They did all that stuff during the R&D phase of the vaccine in 2020, which is how the vaccine was scientifically proven to work in the first place.
  • by joe_frisch ( 1366229 ) on Saturday October 30, 2021 @11:48AM (#61942201)
    Its very difficult to do this study correctly. Basically they are looking at infection rates compared between people with previous infections and people with vaccinations

    The problem is that people who were previously infected very likely have a higher statistical chance of living / working in environments where they are more often exposed to covid.

    You would like to compare for people with the same exposure level, but that is not at all easy to do. What was done here will over-emphasize the effectiveness of vaccines.

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