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Exxon Uses Big Tobacco's Playbook To Downplay the Climate Crisis, Says Study (cnn.com) 134

An anonymous reader quotes a report from CNN Business: For decades, ExxonMobil has deployed Big Tobacco-like propaganda to downplay the gravity of the climate crisis, shift blame onto consumers and protect its own interests, according to a Harvard University study published Thursday. The peer-reviewed study found that Exxon (XOM) publicly equates demand for energy to an indefinite need for fossil fuels, casting the company as merely a passive supplier working to meet that demand. The study used machine learning and algorithms to uncover trends in more than 200 public and internal Exxon documents between 1972 and 2019. "These patterns mimic the tobacco industry's documented strategy of shifting responsibility away from corporations -- which knowingly sold a deadly product while denying its harms -- and onto consumers," the study concludes. "ExxonMobil has used language to subtly yet systematically frame public discourse."

The Harvard study described "propaganda tactics of the fossil fuels industry" aimed at downplaying the climate crisis. For example, the authors said that after the 1999 merger of Exxon and Mobil, the companies began saying in public documents such as paid "advertorials" that "climate change was a 'risk,' rather than a reality." Prior to the merger, "risk" of climate change was only mentioned once in Exxon's public communications, the study said. From 2000 and beyond, it appeared 46 times, the study found, adding that no other term was more associated with climate change in the company's public statements. The study notes that "this scientific hedging strategy" was repeatedly used by the tobacco industry in the 1990s.

Moreover, the study found that Exxon has framed the debate around consumer energy "demand" to build a "fossil fuel savior" framework that "downplays the reality and seriousness of climate change, normalizes fossil fuel lock-in and individualizes responsibility." [Geoffrey Supran, a Harvard research associate and one of the study's authors] told CNN Business this strategy is "effectively gaslighting the public into thinking there is no alternative, making the blame pill that Exxon is feeding the public easier to swallow." Supran said it's "certainly true" that modern society continues to rely mostly on fossil fuels, but added that Exxon's decades-long "disinformation" campaign is a central reason why it still does. "We are passively guilty, born into a fossil fuel society," he said. "But companies like Exxon are actively guilty for working to keep society the way it is."

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Exxon Uses Big Tobacco's Playbook To Downplay the Climate Crisis, Says Study

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  • by magzteel ( 5013587 ) on Friday May 14, 2021 @08:16AM (#61383768)

    The authors object to the framing words used by the energy industry when discussing matters related to climate change.

    Phrases like these from "advertorials" are apparently examples of this bad framing.

    "To meet this demand, while addressing the risks posed by rising greenhouse gas emissions, we'll need to call upon a broad mix of energy sources"

    "[T]he cars and trucks we drive aren't just vehicles, they're opportunities to solve the world's energy and environmental challenges"

    "We're supporting research and technology efforts, curtailing our own greenhouse gas emissions and helping customers scale back their emissions of carbon dioxide"

    "We have invested $1.5 billion since 2004 in activities to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We are on track to improve energy efficiency in our worldwide refining and chemical operations"

    And so on. Personally I don't see anything wrong with any of these statements.

    • Personally I don't see anything wrong with any of these statements.

      "I can't see the forest because of all these damn trees!"

      • by Entrope ( 68843 )

        "curtailing our own greenhouse gas emissions and helping customers scale back their emissions of carbon dioxide" is not exactly reminiscent of Big Tobacco, unless you think the entire green industry is reminiscent of Big Tobacco.

  • Not guilty. (Score:3, Insightful)

    by nicolaiplum ( 169077 ) on Friday May 14, 2021 @08:26AM (#61383794)

    "We are passively guilty..."

    No. No, we are not guilty when we are born.

    No-one is responsible for the actions of their ancestors before they are born or when they are young.

    Don't try to gaslight everyone born into a developed economy.

    Later, when you have control of you own actions, then you can take responsibility too.

    • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

      Agreed.

      But when you are born into an unfair advantage, if you don't everything you can to correct that unfairness, then you ARE guilty.

      "I was born standing on your neck. What am I supposed to do about it?"

      • Agreed.

        But when you are born into an unfair advantage, if you don't everything you can to correct that unfairness, then you ARE guilty.

        "I was born standing on your neck. What am I supposed to do about it?"

        Out system is a set of hierarchys of competition which is in principle legally fair and open to everyone, and in fact people of every stripe have been able to rise to the top of every one of those hierarchys.

        If you can point to a specific rule or legal principle that is unfair to someone of a specific nature, then that indicates corruption in the system and we should change that rule to become more fair.

        Inequity of outcome does not imply an unfair advantage, however. We allow people to make poor life choice

        • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

          Well - how about this: rich people can afford better lawyers, who are more likely to "win" disputes, regardless of right and wrong. That's unfair.

        • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

          How about this - if Elon Musk had been born as a poor woman in Thailand - he would never have been able to become a billionaire. That's unfair.

        • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

          How about this - if you're black, you're more likely to be murdered. That's unfair.

          • Murdered mainly by other blacks though.

            • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

              Yes. As I mention in the other thread that brought this up - the cause of black violence is poverty (not genetics.). And poverty is caused mainly by historical injustice.

              So, yes, it is unfair that blacks are both more likely to murder and be murdered.

              • It's due more to culture than poverty. Every ethnicity in the US has poor people, poor families, and poor neighborhoods but in those areas violence doesn't skyrocket like it does in predominantly black neighborhoods. Coincidentally, most of those are in cites where the Democrats have been elected mayor for decades and/or had Democrat governors for decades. Black kids are bullied into joining gangs. Black girls are pressured to get pregnant like their friends did, drop out of high school, and live off we

        • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

          How about this - women are more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than men. That's unfair.

          • How about this?
            That's because men just don't run to the police every time a woman grabs the man's ass, crotch, chest, or biceps. Unless she becomes a crazy stalker, men tell the female criminal "Don't touch me again" and leave it at that. And also unlike women, they don't run to anti-social media and scream the R-word every time a woman simply gives the man a benign non-sexual compliment about his hair/clothes/beard/tan/whatever. Nowadays those assaults happens more to men than women.

            • by qqqqarl ( 678615 )

              So you believe that women are NOT raped more than men?

              Friend, I'm afraid I think you're crazy. I think we'll just have to agree to disagree.

          • We're not interested in getting into these details with you.

        • Out system is a set of hierarchys of competition which is in principle legally fair and open to everyone,

          In principle. I like that principle.

          and in fact people of every stripe have been able to rise to the top of every one of those hierarchys.

          A few. Statistically, however: no. There is a large barrier to poor people.

          If you can point to a specific rule or legal principle that is unfair to someone of a specific nature,

          OK. Has Harvard set tuition at zero yet? Yale? Any of the Ivy leagues?

          No? That's a barrier to people whose parents don't have money to pay two hundred thousand dollars in tuition (not to mention a similar amount just to live in Cambridge.)

          Yes, there are a small number of scholarships (and a huge number of loans... which cannot be discharged by bankruptcy.) But poor people have to compete for

      • If you are standing on someones neck and have to ask what to do, you are either the evil one or just dumb. As to "unfair", every jealous person uses that excuse. Especially ones who look at that as an excuse to cry victim or simply not get off their butt and try working. Developed cultures are that way because their ancestors worked their butts off and inculcated their children into the idea of continuing to strive. Immigrants into those cultures are voting with their feet to do the same. Many undevelo
    • by SirSlud ( 67381 )

      That's imply not true. What you seem to want to believe is that you can't be responsible for any advantage you acquire by dint of birth status. Maybe not the instant you're born, sure, but you can certainly be considered guilty of using this advantage you didn't do anything to acquire. Your splitting hairs is that it's not fair to be blamed for having it - but it's fair game to be criticized for using it.

      I know people will use advantages. I know how the world works. It simply doesn't absolve you from critic

      • I wouldn`t discount the fact of birth either. There was that guy and that lady, they once ate something they weren`t supposed to, and they got into trouble. Their descendants, including you, are still responsible for it. You might say it`s not fair to be blamed for it, arguably you had no control over it, but it`s fair game to be criticized for being born.

        Reality doesn`t care what your beliefs are, you are guilty that guy ate something he wasn`t supposed to.
        • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

          Reality doesn`t care what your beliefs are, you are guilty that guy ate something he wasn`t supposed to.

          What I find unfair is the fact that Eve usually gets the blame.

          Yahweh told Adam not to eat the apple. He didn't tell Eve!

    • You have a choice: You can choose to live in a place that requires driving, or you can make some sacrifices to live where you don't have to drive. An electric car is also an alternative. Nobody's holding a gun to your head making you buy gas and burn it.
    • "We are passively guilty..."

      "No. No, we are not guilty when we are born.

      Not according to Christianity. That whole "Original Sin" thing the child inherited from Adam and Eve and the Fall From Grace.

      That is part of what Christian Baptisms are for, to "cleanse the Original Sin" and ensure that the child doesn't go to Hell if they die before they can consciously accept Jesus as their savior.

  • by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Friday May 14, 2021 @08:28AM (#61383798)

    Exxon Uses Big Tobacco's Playbook To Downplay the Climate Crisis, Says Study ...

    In other words, they recruited legions upon legions of useful idiots to preach the gospel of fossil fuels and unleashed them on humanity.

    • "They dwell on this terrible future and you resign yourselves to it for one reason, because that future doesn't ask anything of you today. "
      -- Nix, Tomorrowland, 2015.

      ... preach the gospel ...

      In many countries, a leader has loudly campaigned for climate-change policy and the voters have ignored him. eg. Al Gore, USA, 2000.

      People listen to useful idiots because it excuses their selfishness.

      • Re:Useful idiots ... (Score:4, Informative)

        by XXongo ( 3986865 ) on Friday May 14, 2021 @10:32AM (#61384218) Homepage

        In many countries, a leader has loudly campaigned for climate-change policy and the voters have ignored him. eg. Al Gore, USA, 2000.

        Do note that the voters voted for Gore by a majority.

        The electoral college was split, and required a Supreme Court decision to end the recounts, but in terms of the actual voters, they did not ignore him, they went for him by a solid majority.

        (note that I don't use the phrase "he won". That is not how the system operates; "winning" means the electoral college, and when the recounts stopped, no, Gore didn't win. But your statement "the voters ignored him" really isn't true.)

    • by whoever57 ( 658626 ) on Friday May 14, 2021 @10:35AM (#61384236) Journal

      In other words, they recruited legions upon legions of useful idiots to preach the gospel of fossil fuels and unleashed them on humanity.

      Many of the useful idiots are active here on Slashdot.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Exxon Uses Big Tobacco's Playbook To Downplay the Climate Crisis, Says Study ...

      In other words, they recruited legions upon legions of useful idiots to preach the gospel of fossil fuels and unleashed them on humanity.

      Yes, like the Republican party and their foxy media friends.

      They lied about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Result: invasion, power vacuum, huge middle eastern clusterfuck between Shia and Sunni muslims, IS terror, unimaginable human suffering.

      They lied about the effects of CO2 and denied (or continue to deny) climate change. Result: droughts, floodings, stronger hurricans, wildfires, unimaginable human suffering.

      They put a narcissistic idiot in the white house and lied about the election being stolen,

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      Pretty much. And quite a few of these useful idiots still have noticed or understood nothing, as a lot of the answers here show nicely.

  • Cigarette sales have been falling since the 1960s. Most western countries have banned indoor smoking, it's largely seen as pretty uncool. Good guys in the movies almost never smoke.

    Big tobacco completely failed to achieve their aims. Let's see Exxon go the same way.
    • Big tobacco completely failed to achieve their aims.

      Big tobacco successfully achieved their aims for decades, raking in billions of dollars while their products killed hundreds of thousands of people per year in the USA alone, and are still making a strong showing by demonizing any vaping that they do not control. The global tobacco market size was estimated at USD 932.11 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach USD 949.82 billion in 2021. Tell us again how that is total failure.

    • > Big tobacco completely failed to achieve their aims. Let's see Exxon go the same way.

      In the end, no, but how long did they delay it? 20, 30 years?
      Lucky thing was that smoking mainly kills the smoker. Climate change will affect everybody.
      Oh, and BTW: their tactics still work in Asia.

      Another 20, hell even 5 year delay before we all start taking this seriously is simply not an option.
      As it was in Apollo 13 when they started blowing up: "We don't have that much time".

      • Another 20, hell even 5 year delay before we all start taking this seriously is simply not an option.

        Continuing along not changing anything is not really an 'option' because no choice is needed to keep doing so.

        Also it has been 'five more years until the disaster' for decades now. It's awrist-wringing hobby many seem to find rewarding.

        And yeah, we know: "This time it's for real !!1!"

    • Cigarettes will kill you personally. The damage done by burning oil won't really be felt till the next generation. Maybe when shit's really fucked up people will act in their self interest and stop burning oil, but I don't see it happening until then, if at all.
    • by necro81 ( 917438 )

      Cigarette sales have been falling since the 1960s. Most western countries have banned indoor smoking, it's largely seen as pretty uncool. Good guys in the movies almost never smoke.

      You forgot the role of ever-increasing tobacco taxes [nih.gov]. While some debate whether this is a regressive tax on poverty (most smokers today are poor), it has been an effective driver for reducing smoking rates, and is particularly effective at preventing teenagers from starting in the first place. Aside from public health, it is

  • Propaganda tactics galore.

    Scare the shit out of enough members of the public about X, convince them that they're in mortal danger because of X, and they'll sign over their grandchildren to you.

    The Islamists do it. They literally get people to strap bombs to their own children.

    The lockdown brigade did it to the point that people were pulling knives on eachother in Cambridge MA over not wearing masks.

    And now the eco-fascists are doing it to the point where many otherwise intelligent people think the seas will

    • I keep telling people this all the time. If there are those who are willing to blow themselves up for a cause, then there are others who will use similar tactics to threaten a population to cave to their demands. Fuck em.

      • I sincerely hope that at least one of the lessons our self-appointed elites learn from 2020 is that the dysfunction we tend to look down our noses at in the less civilized parts of the world do not disappear the moment you cross the American border.

        They're attenuated here because for the most part people are fat and happy. But take away, or threaten to take away, that physical and material security and it all bubbles to the surface:

        Superstitions

        Tribalism

        Conspiracy theories

        Demogogy

        I remember growing up in th

    • Exactly.
  • by necro81 ( 917438 ) on Friday May 14, 2021 @10:03AM (#61384108) Journal
    That fossil fuel companies have been following Big Tobacco's playbook is nothing new. The book Merchants of Doubt [wikipedia.org] laid this out more than 10 years ago.
  • I am shocked to hear that an American company would lie to the public in order to avoid outrage, shift blame, and evade legal liability.

    Back when the tobacco companies lied, we fined them out of business, so everyone learned their lesson about deceit and manipulation. Oh, wait...

  • ...that ANY doubt about the canon of climate change be connected as quickly and firmly as possible to monied interests, creationists, flat earthers, and Donald Trump.

    And bigfoot, if we can manage it.

    It used to be that science welcomed legitimate questioning as a way to refine models and ultimately come to better answers, but zealots now characterize ANY questioning as "denialism".

    No doubt there ARE monied interests like Exxon, etc funding and supporting attacks on the science.
    But to simultaneously deny that

    • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

      It used to be that science welcomed legitimate questioning as a way to refine models and ultimately come to better answers, but zealots now characterize ANY questioning as "denialism".

      It turns out that the loud and persistent shouting of the actual denialists have simply drowned out the voices of any people who may be involved in actual legitimate questioning. When the denialists are shouting "Climate science is a hoax! The scientists are frauds! It's a political conspiracy!", none of the real scientists wants to be associated with them or anybody like them.

      The real scientists do their questioning by putting error bars on estimates, gathering better data to improve understanding, and cr

      • On this issue there are trillions of profits at stake on both sides. Don't for a second think otherwise.
        • On this issue there are trillions of profits at stake on both sides. Don't for a second think otherwise.

          Bullshit.

          I don't know where you get your facts from, but you are wrong, and you are wrong by orders of magnitude.

          The difference between millions, billions, and trillions is important. In English they sound so similar that people tend to go, "a million dollars, a trillion dollars, whatever;-- all I know is that they're both a lot of money", but that really isn't true. Last year, the ten largest oil companies together took in 2.9 trillion dollars in revenue.

          Trillion.

          • The oil industry has $9 trillion in proven oil reserves, it sits on their balance sheets and they have told investors there will be a profit on it

            yes, trillions

          • The difference between millions, billions, and trillions is important. In English they sound so similar that people tend to go, "a million dollars, a trillion dollars, whatever;-- all I know is that they're both a lot of money", but that really isn't true. Last year, the ten largest oil companies together took in 2.9 trillion dollars in revenue.

            So about the same annual revenue (~3 trillion) as the global car market, of which EVs are only a small percentage so far, which was kind of my point.

            Incidentally the global carbon credit market is worth 300 billion annually, and that is money for not even producing anything.

            • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

              Incidentally the global carbon credit market is worth 300 billion annually, and that is money for not even producing anything.

              Yeah, compare billions, trillions-- whatever... they're all "illions", right?

  • Almost 50 years ago, Exxon knew its activities, and those of other oil companies, would result in climate change [scientificamerican.com]. This was before climate change was on the public's radar.

    In the 1970s and 1980s it employed top scientists to look into the issue and launched its own ambitious research program that empirically sampled carbon dioxide and built rigorous climate models. Exxon even spent more than $1 million on a tanker project that would tackle how much CO2 is absorbed by the oceans. It was one of the bigge
  • A corporation's press releases are written to enhance their business objectives. I'm truly shocked.
  • Funny, left-wing organizations use the same playbook to hype global warming/the climate crisis as well. It's almost as if they're following a well-worn process to drum up public support.

  • Individual responsibility is a distraction, but isn't wrong. Exxon isn't burning the fossil fuels to produce and sell us some other product, or burning it in a volcano lair just for the lulz. They're selling us the fossil fuels we pay for to use directly in our cars or indirectly in power plants and airliner/container ship engines. So ExxonMobil should really be switching to producing synthetic fuels using renewable energy, and it's their fault for not revealing that they knew the reality of climate change

  • Exxon are evil, and probably one of the worst western oil companies which is like the evil equivalent of a village idiot in a village full of idiots. However...

    There are subtle differences between big tobacco and oil: Oil companies don't make oil addictive. They don't add nicotine in to them. And the use of their product actually brings a benefit to the human race (admittedly at the expense of the rest of the planet).
    On the flip side tobacco serves no purpose. People request tobacco because the tobacco indu

  • 'Fossil' fuels are still the most energy bang for your buck. The amount of energy per unit amount of fuel is still far and away greater than any 'renewable'.

    The problem is that the extraction, processing and use of such fuels has been consistently wasteful and inefficient.

    Who's fault is that? We the consumer. To survive a company must make money but to do that they need a market. The market dictates the price. And we the market want everything as cheap as possible ... while also wanting it consequence

"Look! There! Evil!.. pure and simple, total evil from the Eighth Dimension!" -- Buckaroo Banzai

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