COVID-19 Pandemic Causes 42% Drop In ER Visits Nationwide, CDC Says (upi.com) 118
schwit1 shares a report from UPI: Visits to hospital U.S. emergency rooms have dropped by more than 40 percent so far in 2020, compared to the same period last year, according to figures released Wednesday by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC researchers compared total visits so far this year to the same five-month period in 2019. The number of ER visits declined from a mean of roughly 2.1 million per week between March 31, 2019, and April 27, 2019, to a mean of 1.22 million per week during the "early pandemic" period of March 29 to April 25 of this year, according to the CDC. ER visits declined for every age group, with the largest proportional declines in children 10 years old and younger at 72 percent and children 11 to 14 years old at 71 percent, the agency said. Researchers found the largest declines in ER visits occurred in the New England states at 49 percent, as well as in the mid-Atlantic region at 48 percent. That region includes New York and New Jersey, which has been the epicenter of the U.S. COVID-19 outbreak.
ER visits related to abdominal pain and other digestive problems fell by more than 66,000 per week from year to year, while those among patients reporting musculoskeletal pain -- excluding low-back pain -- dropped by more than 52,000 per week, according to the CDC report. Visits for "sprains and strains" declined by nearly 34,000 per week, and those related to "superficial injuries" fell by nearly 31,000 per week, the researchers said. Conversely, ER visits for "exposure, encounters, screening or contact with infectious disease" increased by nearly 19,000 per week from 2019 to 2020, the analysis found. Specifically, some 18,000 ER visits occurred per week across the country for COVID-19 symptoms through the end of May, the researchers said. The researchers say more research is needed to determine whether the decline in ER visits could be attributed to "actual reductions in injuries or illness [due] to changing activity patterns during the pandemic" lockdown, or if Americans simply delayed or declined emergency care.
ER visits related to abdominal pain and other digestive problems fell by more than 66,000 per week from year to year, while those among patients reporting musculoskeletal pain -- excluding low-back pain -- dropped by more than 52,000 per week, according to the CDC report. Visits for "sprains and strains" declined by nearly 34,000 per week, and those related to "superficial injuries" fell by nearly 31,000 per week, the researchers said. Conversely, ER visits for "exposure, encounters, screening or contact with infectious disease" increased by nearly 19,000 per week from 2019 to 2020, the analysis found. Specifically, some 18,000 ER visits occurred per week across the country for COVID-19 symptoms through the end of May, the researchers said. The researchers say more research is needed to determine whether the decline in ER visits could be attributed to "actual reductions in injuries or illness [due] to changing activity patterns during the pandemic" lockdown, or if Americans simply delayed or declined emergency care.
This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:5, Insightful)
Fewer people seeking medical care is generally not a good thing. Yes, it's possible that there's reduced need with people mostly staying at home, but halved?
I'd been worried about the effects of cancelling / postponing non-urgent scheduled care (random example: cancer screenings), which won't kill people right away but could kill them years down the road. But this sort of thing can kill quickly.
Re:This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:5, Insightful)
It's got to be both, really. The question is what the breakdown looks like.
Re:This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:5, Funny)
Re: (Score:2)
Not so much.
Also Reports of Child Abuse is way down. Having kids locked up with you, you would expect it to rise.
Also while away from other activities. I will be doing stuff like cleaning, wood working, and other hobbies to keep me occupied. Which could bring me to the ER as well.
What I do expect is the following.
1. Automotive Accidents are lower because they are fewer drivers.
2. Abuse is being hidden from the public so it isn't reported
3. People are out of work, so they are not trying to get out of work.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:5, Insightful)
My wife works in health care and she told me that, at least locally, cases of severe abuse have been on the rise. It may well be that overall cases of abuse are down because they are not getting reported, but at her hospital more children are being brought in for abuse related injuries. She believes this is because abusive parents are forced to spend more time with their kids.
As for the lower rate of emergency room visits, she largely credits this for the lack of visitors who do not actually have an emergency. Their frequent fliers, people who show up with phantom pain seeking opioids, are way down. As are people who unnecessarily go to the emergency department for minor illnesses or injuries. A lot of poor people treat the emergency room like a family doctor and they do not realize the costs involved because it gets billed to medicaid. With covid, people are afraid to go.
Re: This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:4, Interesting)
Re: This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:2)
I found that interesting, too. The ease of receiving unemployment benefits right now might have something to do with it.
Re: (Score:2)
I've seen a report that automobile fatalities are up because emptier roads make speeding easier.
Despite reduced traffic, there's been no reduction in tailgating.
Re: (Score:2)
I've seen a report that automobile fatalities are up because emptier roads make speeding easier.
Despite reduced traffic, there's been no reduction in tailgating.
I read similar reports, but none of them gave enough data to accurately report on what is happening. They used statistics such as fatalities per mile driven, and with a 40% drop in driving nation wide in late March you could see a significant increase in fatalities per mile driven but still see an overall drop.
Re: (Score:2)
That's what the data cited in the story said; accidents were down because fewer people were on the road, but if you did go out it was more dangerous because of assholes taking advantage of "open roads" to drive stupid.
Re: (Score:3)
People seeking standard medical care in emergency rooms is much more disturbing. They are supposed to be used for, you know, actual emergencies.
Re: (Score:3)
This has lead to a whole growth of "emergency", "urgent" care places that charge a premium but can handle most things short of surgery.
Re: (Score:2)
Where I live people without an actual emergency are supposed to only go to an urgent care place after hours or on weekends when no normal medical practices have opened.
Re: (Score:3)
That is rather standard. People don't want to have to wait a few days, when they know they could go to an emergency room and get it fixed immediatly
It's less a question of waiting than of paying. Emergency room visits are required to be treated and then you just walk out.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:3)
Where I live we have an absurd shortage of doctors. For many the emergency room here is the only option. I finally got a family doctor about 4 years ago, it took more than 6 years on a waiting list. Even though I do have a family doctor, I often have to book an appointment 3 - 4 months in advance because our doctors serve so many people. The stats on how long it takes for people seeking help for mental health related problems is absolutely scary.
This is all verifiable and regularly reported on and should
Re:This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:4, Informative)
I think this is a combination of less people needing medical care (for example, the amount of car accidents has fallen), but it also is at least partially also caused by people being afraid of going to hospitals. In UK they had some data that showed that also non-COVID-19 deaths increased with COVID-19. While they still have mortality caused by COVID-19, the non-COVID-19 deaths have now gone back to the levels preceding the epidemic. So apparently people are feeling again safer to go to the hospitals.
An in general I think many hospitals have improved their practices so that it is safer to go. However, in Finland, a lot of the medical staff in non-respiratory tract infection areas are still not wearing surgical masks :( The epidemic is quite well under control in most areas of Finland, but if care is not taken there can easily be a new wave, setting us back by several weeks if not months in the control of the epidemic.
Re: (Score:2)
I assume it's similar in other states and for other medical conditions.
Re: (Score:3)
Working in an industry closely related to this particular article: Many - MANY - people go to the ER because they don't have proper insurance, aren't taught how to treat themselves properly (diabetics freaking out over a little low blood sugar or people who are skipping dialysis), or are just lonely. Yes - lonely. There's a subset of people who call ambulances and go to the ER just for human interaction.
The prospect of exposure to SARS-Cov-2 scared most of the non-emergent need people into looking on the in
Re: (Score:1)
Re: (Score:2)
A lot depends on where you live. Nobody thinks screening should be deferred *forever*, but common sense is called for.
Take New York City. In mid-April the risk there posed by COVID-19 to the population most likely to be screened exceeded the marginal risk of putting off the screening a few months. Today the rate of new cases is 1/15 what it was back then and going down sharply. So it made sense to defer low priority screening back then and to look at doing it now or maybe next month.
The situation in L
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
A lot of people also didn't put a nail through their hand because they didn't want to go to Home Depot with all the unmasked macho men roaming the store.
Likely because folks are hurting themselves less (Score:2)
Colorado had a 40% drop in suicides [dailycamera.com]. France might see some of that too.
Arstechnica has a good article [arstechnica.com] on why economic downturns actually reduce death rates.
Re: (Score:2)
Or, and this is only a guess, since the vast majority of people who are dying from covid-19 are either the elderly or those with underlying medical conditions, those two segments of society also require higher emergency care.
Thus, if they're the ones dying, there would naturally be fewer emergency room visits.
Re: This is IMHO disturbing. (Score:2)
The researchers say more research is needed to determine whether the decline in ER visits could be attributed to "actual reductions in injuries or illness [due] to changing activity patterns during the pandemic" lockdown, or if Americans simply delayed or declined emergency care.
Another very likely explanation is that many ER visits are unneccessary and when these people called the ER (instead of just showing up like they normally do) they were properly redirected to a same day care or regular doctor.
go see a regular doctor (Score:1)
Re: (Score:1)
People with children (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:People with children (Score:5, Informative)
Adults get cold or flu-like illnesses about 2-3 times a year, but kids get them more like 4 or 5 times a year. Chances are, one of those times per year it's "serious" or seems so to the parent, and "better safe than sorry". It's no accident that doctors ask you how many kids you have. When you say this is your first, they dutifully check the kid over and make sure everything's OK. When it's your third or fourth kid, they take it a lot more seriously because they know you've seen the regular stuff and if you're bringing your fourth kid in, there's a good chance it's more serious. Also, colds in a kid often lead to ear infections, and you can either let the kid scream for a couple days, or go get them some anti-biotics. I always figured there should be a drive-thru ear infection clinic somewhere... we must have had about a dozen ear infections total across our 3 kids.
With all the physical distancing, there are just going to be fewer cold/flu-like illnesses going around and fewer ear infections, so you'll definitely have fewer parents taking their kids to the hospital.
Re: (Score:2)
I always figured there should be a drive-thru ear infection clinic somewhere... we must have had about a dozen ear infections total across our 3 kids.
Well, your mileage may vary. Different kids and/or families are susceptible to different things. Never had an ear infection in the family (but plenty of other things).
Re: (Score:2)
Re: People with children (Score:2)
I totally agree with you. When I got sick once I assumed there would be a bug tracker equivalent where Iâ(TM)d be assigned to different DRIs who would have me on their todo list until I got well. Not only was there not such thing but I was the only DRI who cared about me. I had to be the squeaky wheel constantly trying to get seen by various specialists. I work in tech and we find, fix and resolve bugs all the time. Weâ(TM)ve developed practices and technology to do that and we do it all day every
Re: (Score:2)
Despite the huge amount of information available, there's just too much that isn't known. Consider drug interactions, of the tens of thousands of available drugs, how many combinations have been tested in a statistically significant manner to not change the expected effects of the individual drugs? The operating mechanism of many drugs is unknown or only guessed at, the mechanisms for herbs are guesses as often as not. Indiv
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
I take what a mechanic says with a grain of salt, and I check what the factory service manual says about it.
Often the FSM gives and easy, cheap fix, and the mechanic wants to take everything apart like it is 1905.
Re: (Score:2)
kids get them more like 4 or 5 times a year. Chances are, one of those times per year it's "serious" or seems so to the parent
That's the point; there are published guidelines that parents should be learning for when to get medical help and when not to. They should be resting at home in most of these cases, not getting dragged out to the hospital.
Only children with special medical needs should be going to the hospital from a routine seasonal illness.
Re: (Score:2)
Yep, people overuse the ER and frankly I think it has to stop, especially in countries with socialized healthcare. In Canada they charge you (a small free, under $100) if you call an ambulance and it was deemed unnecessary. I think the same thing should be done for the ER. People go all the time completely invalid reasons. It costs more to treat somebody at the ER than to see them at a regular clinic. They have the waiting times posted online for some ERs and I've been watching the numbers. It used to be
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Sounds like you guys could use something similar to our "urgent care" clinics that have recently become more popular here in the US. I haven't used one myself yet, but they seem like a great middle ground between normal doctor visits and an ER.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
I also have kids, but I'm on the other end of almost never going to the hospital. We don't have a car. So going to the hospital is a huge ordeal. Also, my wife stays at home, so she isn't missing any work the next day if she needs to bring one of the kids into the clinic. We've only gone into the ER for broken bones or stitches. Also, my wife hates going to the ER because so many people show up with influenza, gastro, and other communicable diseases. If they had a special ER for physical injuries like sti
Re: (Score:2)
I'm married, live in the US, and have two kids, one age 18, the other age 20. No one in our family has been to the emergency room in over 20 years. Our family doctor has early morning (right after they open) hours with constant availability for sudden illness, which takes care of most sudden-onset illnesses. An associated urgent care clinic takes care of everything else, including my daughter's Saturday night broken finger at age 4. What works for us might not work for everyone.
Oh, wait... my wife did h
Re: (Score:2)
They have the waiting times posted online for some ERs
Average wait times mean very little under triage. If the average wait time is 1 hour, but there are lots of car crashes or heart attack patients coming in - that's combined average includes their 0 wait time and your 6 hours.
Re: (Score:2)
The Hospital oddly enough is safer for you to not get COVID-19 compared to any other public area your kids will go to.
1. Negative Pressure rooms and hallways. The air pressure is less than the outside. So air is always flowing towards the filter vents.
2. A lot of cleaning. Hospitals are always cleaning, and use materials that don't allow for viruses and bacteria to thrive.
3. Covid cases are normally separated from the normal ER. My local hospital has but in a triage tent (Negitive pressure) for Covid-19 p
Re: (Score:1)
Yes, the hospital is a great place to pick up MRSA instead. (Studies have shown that some of this incessant cleaning - which is necessarily not 100% - is what allows MRSA to thrive in hospitals.)
Re: (Score:2)
Maybe They're Just Broke (Score:5, Insightful)
42 Million new unemployed, and $$$$ bills for band aids might be a factor
Re:Maybe They're Just Broke (Score:4, Insightful)
Money might be a factor, but even in places where there is national heath care, hospital visits are lower. My bet is that money isn't the principle reason and that fear of COVID-19 and the increased usage of telemedicine (driven by the fear) are the reasons for it. Many visits to emergency rooms are probably not really emergencies, so the latter is probably a good thing.
Re: (Score:3)
At the beginning, there was reports of people being scared of overloading the healthcare system here (BC) and not going, one was a report of a 70 odd year old who dislocated his shoulder and waited a few days.
After a while the government started advertising that it was fine to go to emergency if needed and the number of visits picked up.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
I think it is less about being broke, however it is a factor where small problems that don't need an ER can be solved.
That is one of the few rational points against Single Payer Healthcare. If healthcare is too affordable or free to the person, there will be more demand on the healthcare system because why not have that cut checked by a Doctor vs. Putting on some H2O2 on it, and a bandage. Will there be a scare, probably, but nothing really disfiguring.
Rub Some Dirt On It - Walk It Off (Score:4, Insightful)
Re: (Score:1)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Congrats to POTUS. (Score:1)
We already knew this (Score:3)
Frequent flyers (Score:5, Informative)
I ran EMS for years, and worked in two emergency departments as well. There is always a baseline of patients who call 911 or go directly to the ER with symptoms that a typical person would not got to the hospital over. I don't know that these people would be true hypochondriacs, have Munchausen's, or Munchausen by proxy, or some spectrum thereof, however the result is the same - they will seek medical treatment (emergency treatment at that) for things (a sharp abdominal pain, or "just not feeling right") that most people would just wait out for a few hours and get past at home. These people usually have good insurance or, more likely, some kind of government assistance so it doesn't hurt them financially.
These folks are also the ones most terrified of COVID-19 for the exact same psychological reasons they fear other medical conditions, and thus for them, the hospital that was their safety net in the past has now become the exact opposite - the concentrated point of a scary disease for which there is no good treatment.
So for certain there are less ER visits occurring because these (almost always) needless types of visits are not happening, for now. We won't see increased mortality rates over the reduction in these visits, because the visits usually do not even have a identifiable or treatable diagnosis. However it does of course hurt the hospital's financial bottom line.
And, of course, there certainly are people who do need medical treatment that are not seeking it out, because of fear of COVID-19. I just wanted to point out the above group because that is absolutely a factor. Talk to anyone in healthcare and I think they'll agree there are a non-trivial number of people out there that have that behavior.
Re: (Score:2)
I'm sure that's one factor. There are also fewer colds, so fewer ear/nose/throat infections, etc., which often get a trip to the ER because it's the middle of the night and your kid is screaming in pain, and you don't want to take the chance of an ear infection developing into permanent hearing damage, which can happen. Also fewer sports injuries, fewer workplace injuries, etc. The fact remains the vast majority of people don't want to go to the hospital, even before COVID-19. Years ago I caused myself
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Of course, cancer screenings are way down [statnews.com] and that is a killer of 50,000 people per month.
On the flip side, 54% of breast cancers diagnosed only through mammogracy go away on their own [nih.gov]. So the assumption that a huge short-term drop in cancer screenings will result in significantly worse overall outcomes isn't necessarily a given; it depends on whether you're over-screening or not.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Citation needed. Oh, you're an AC - nothing should be believed!
Citation needed for what? That Sweden is spiking higher? The AC provided that link. If you're asking for a citation to prove that you said they peaked, did you forget what you said [slashdot.org]? (Or did you think you post so much on slashdot that no one could find that? Google can...).
So, cut out the diversions and answer the questions.
Oh, and BTW, Sweden has passed the UK, Italy and France in per-capita cases, and is likely to pass Belgium. They may manage to stay below Spain, but I wouldn't count on it. And t
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
...So for certain there are less ER visits occurring because these (almost always) needless types of visits are not happening,
Absolutely, I saw a quote somewhere showing that unnecessary hospital visits and demands for unneeded treatment account for something like 30% of Canadian healthcare costs. People literally die because of this shit.
Demand Reduction = Cost Reduction? (Score:2)
It will be interesting to see if the slack demand results in a correction in healthcare cost which has been rising well above the rate of inflation for many years.
Re: (Score:3)
It will be interesting to see if the slack demand results in a correction in healthcare cost which has been rising well above the rate of inflation for many years.
Don't be silly. Hospitals will obviously have to increase prices to make up for the lost revenue.
Re: (Score:2)
ding ding ding! We have a winner!
Re: (Score:2)
This.
I know an ER pharmacist who wasn't furloughed, he was offered a two week vacation instead (this was complicated).
Very slow outside of COVID sections (Southwest US).
Re: (Score:2)
There is a huge shortage of pharmacists, and any place that has them will be extremely reluctant to let them go. Also, the pipeline to get new pharmacists is 3-4 year after having the qualified undergrad requirements. Hence during a slow period, they would rather give them a vacation then get rid of them.
UK experience (where ER is free) (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Same at Private Practice Doc's Office (Score:1)
Can confirm from my perspective. I work at a rural health clinic private practice. Our visit numbers are WAY down. We were able to get telemedicine up and running fairly quickly so we could do video visits with patients too afraid to come in who still needed appointments. Some people just don't know that, but it seems more often is the case nobody even wants to call to find out. They just "don't want to go where the sick people are."
Misuse of ER issue in US may be part of the reason (Score:2)
Fewer Extracurricular activities (Score:1)
Makes you wonder (Score:2)
I really have to wonder how many of those people died and contributed to the overall increase in deaths?
Necessary Sarcasm Department... (Score:2)
A cynic might suggest that some people who may be in need of emergency medical care are just staying home out of fear they'll be stopped and beaten to death by the po-po.
Or, as the brilliant Dave Chappelle would say...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFHpvPwq2i8
true FACT 40% ER visits are not emergency (Score:2)
One of the pearls dropped out of SARS-Cov-2 pandemic period are the 40% who are not ER candidates. It will be interesting how triage is affected going forward.
Where's the heart attacks? ERs are experiencing 40–60% fewer during the pandemic. I will want to read that analysis when completed. No further comment...
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/0... [nytimes.com]
Oh! Hey look! (Score:2)
...while those among patients reporting musculoskeletal pain -- excluding low-back pain -- dropped by more than 52,000 per week...
... it turns out that fake pain isn't actually worth risking a COVID infection to get opiates for!
not any more (Score:2)
Now that COVID-19 is done and it's riot season, ER visits will increase.
Re: (Score:2)
Which only shows... (Score:1)
Avoiding risky activities (Score:2)
Comments assume ER was handling mostly emergencies (Score:4, Interesting)
The comments assume that emergency room visits, before COVID-19, were mostly emergencies.
In fact, part of the massive inflation of ER and hospital costs in general was that they were not.
Uninsured, undocumented, and otherwise non-paying patients couldn't get service from a regular clinic because they had to provide billing info to be seen. They wouldn't go to an urgent care because they had to pay a co-pay. But ERs were required by law to treat them immediately even if they couldn't pay immediately, and worry about billing later.
So hordes of non-paying patients used ERs for urgent care or GP treatments. Kid has a cold that might be flu or something? Go to the ER. Kid or dad has a cut? Go to ER. Kid needs his shots? Go to the ER with something else and "oh by the way this kid isn't immunized ...". The ER is FAR more expensive for the hospital to run than clinics or urgent care? So what?
To keep the ER open the cost had to be made up by the paying patients. Medicare/Medicaid had government mandated low-ball pricing. Insurance companies absorbed some (and made it back at a profit in premiums) but also negotiated low rates to be "in network" (to have competitive premiums). So the paying uninsured, those with substantial co-pays, and those getting non-covered elective treatments got soaked. Or the hospital closed their ER, dumping the patients on those remaining open.
But with COVID-19 the perception, based largely on experience when they were busier and triage sent real emergencies in first, is that going to the ER means waiting around for your turn in a crowed waiting room with probably several of the people shedding virus and chairs/tables/magazines/etc. covered in invisible touch-it-and-die. (Also that you might hold up treatment of someone who needs it to stay alive.) So many people are avoiding it if possible.
Some, of course, are avoiding ER treatment that they really ought to have. Yes, that's bad, and might end up with unnecessary "bad medical outcomes". Others, though, are putting off unnecessary or minor stuff that they used to take to the ER out of convenience and the ability to evade payment.
We won't get a measure of this from overall numbers of ER visit drops. We need to look at breakdowns of drop in non-payers vs. payers and drop in visits for legitimate ER issues vs. things that should have been handled in urgent care, clinic, or "take two aspirin and call me in the morning". (Even with the first breakdown we won't be solid, because some of the payment-evading treatment that might be held off would be real ER issues.) But until I see such breakdowns, I'm not going to wring my hands and assume that a "42% drop in ER visits" means more than a single-digit percentage drop in PROPER ER visits.
Yes, some important stuff is deferred. (I'm putting off two important tests for months, because my wife is at serious risk if/when we get CoV-2.) But IMHO the numbers for the raw ER visit drop greatly overstate the problem.
Re: (Score:2)
The comments assume that emergency room visits, before COVID-19, were mostly emergencies.
In fact, part of the massive inflation of ER and hospital costs in general was that they were not.
Uninsured, undocumented, and otherwise non-paying patients couldn't get service from a regular clinic because they had to provide billing info to be seen. They wouldn't go to an urgent care because they had to pay a co-pay. But ERs were required by law to treat them immediately even if they couldn't pay immediately, and worry about billing later.
So hordes of non-paying patients used ERs for urgent care or GP treatments. . . .
I jumped on to comment on this. This is one of the reasons that medical care is so expense in the U.S. People who do not otherwise have access to healthcare because they do not have health insurance end up using the most expensive healthcare available which is then subsidized by the rest of society. This is a policy decision. Rather than subsidize the uninsureds so that they can have health insurance--because people need to pull themselves up by their bootstraps--the consensus has been to subsidize the most
Hale of the kids died before they were 5 (Score:1)
Re parents taking the kids to the ER often . . . It may be worth remembering that before modern medicine half the kids died before they were 5.
Re: (Score:2)
Even in Canada the numbers for ER visits have been really low. Maybe people are just experiencing fewer emergencies, but I think a lot of it is people who are no longer going, because fear of covid, and realizing that what they would have previously gone to the ER for, is not an actual emergency.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
It could also be much reduced workplace stress and/or fast food gorging also reducing amount of hearth attacks.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
A lot of heart attacks are caused by viruses and bacteria, actually [nih.gov]. So are a lot of strokes [nih.gov].
Re: (Score:2)
That's why we are better than everyone else.