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Medicine Sci-Fi

Ted Chiang Explains the Disaster Novel We All Suddenly Live In (electricliterature.com) 117

The esteemed science fiction author, best known for movie "Arrival" that is based on his novel, on how we may never go "back to normal" -- and why that might be a good thing. From an interview on Electric Literature: EL: Do you see aspects of science fiction (your own work or others) in the coronavirus pandemic? In how it is being handled, or how it has spread?
TC: While there has been plenty of fiction written about pandemics, I think the biggest difference between those scenarios and our reality is how poorly our government has handled it. If your goal is to dramatize the threat posed by an unknown virus, there's no advantage in depicting the officials responding as incompetent, because that minimizes the threat; it leads the reader to conclude that the virus wouldn't be dangerous if competent people were on the job. A pandemic story like that would be similar to what's known as an "idiot plot," a plot that would be resolved very quickly if your protagonist weren't an idiot. What we're living through is only partly a disaster novel; it's also -- and perhaps mostly -- a grotesque political satire.

EL: This pandemic isn't science fiction, but it does feel like a dystopia. How can we understand the coronavirus as a cautionary tale? How can we combat our own personal inclinations toward the good/evil narrative, and the subsequent expectation that everything will return to normal?
TC: We need to be specific about what we mean when we talk about things returning to normal. We all want not to be quarantined, to be able to go to work and socialize and travel. But we don't want everything to go back to business as usual, because business as usual is what led us to this crisis. COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care, so we don't want to return to a status quo that lacks those things. The current administration's response ought to serve as a cautionary tale about the dangers of electing demagogues instead of real leaders, although there's no guarantee that voters will heed it. We're at a point where things could go in some very different ways, depending on what we learn from this experience.

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Ted Chiang Explains the Disaster Novel We All Suddenly Live In

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  • Ah yes the psuedo-science mumbo jumbo masquerading as science fiction.
  • What an idiot. (Score:5, Informative)

    by msauve ( 701917 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @02:08PM (#59898224)
    "COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care"

    So, like Italy. From a couple of easily found sources:

    Italy has a national health plan (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale), which provides universal coverage for hospital and medical benefits...

    For the first 3 days of sick leave, the employee is entitled to full pay from the employer. After 3 days, sick leave benefits are paid out by the National Health Service as follows:
    The employee is entitled to 50% of their regular pay for the first 20 days
    After the 20 days, the employee is entitled to 66.6% of their regular pay.

    What makes the political rants of some fiction writer informative, or even interesting? This is not "News for Nerds." It's thinly veiled political commentary.

    • Re:What an idiot. (Score:4, Insightful)

      by avandesande ( 143899 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @02:13PM (#59898248) Journal
      How about something real like tariffs on countries that don't meet minimum requirements on environment, salary, health and safety. (ie China)
      • Re:What an idiot. (Score:4, Insightful)

        by Darinbob ( 1142669 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @02:30PM (#59898306)

        Because the US would have to pay the fines too?

      • it probably wouldn't matter. The amount of money saved by exploiting your labor force is huge. It's numbers so large you can't even imagine it.

        Also we tried that with NAFTA and by the time politicians like Joe Biden were done (yes, I'm calling him out, he should be called out, he was front and center on this crap) there were so many loop holes it didn't matter.

        I don't think we can fix this with simple market tools. There's just too much money to be made. We need a vastly more engaged electorate. Sta
      • But you may find the US in a quandary that it find itself not in compliance of some of those e.g. salary (it would not be salary which would be looked it would be PPP salary , and that may be a problem more than you think for the US, furthermore on health and possibly environment the US is not as advanced as you think so chance is , unless you put the level ESPECIALLY to target china, all country of Europe duplicating such a law would have a level way beyond what is reachable by the US in their ultra capita
    • "This is not "News for Nerds." It's thinly veiled political commentary." Ayuh. Seeing more and more of this on Slashdot. Sad.
      • by MrL0G1C ( 867445 )

        Yeah, no-one ever discussed politics before and it's terrible, we shouldn't be questioning our leaders, this must stop immediately. ~

    • by spun ( 1352 )

      Nobody is saying that federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care would have been able to overcome gross incompetence and stop the virus. They are saying that the economic damage would be mitigated if we had such things.

    • compared to a US of 38 and India at 28. They're also poor. Much poorer than the United States.

      Their Universal Healthcare and paid sick leave helped. A lot. But there's only so much that can be done. If the other larger, wealthier countries had those things as well as a functioning government that doesn't do things like this [slashdot.org] we would have been in a position to help Italy more. That would have helped us, since it would have slowed the spread of the virus and blunted the economic impact.

      And _everything
    • I think there are 3 other issues being overlooked. 1) Poor and overpopulated countries are going to be ravaged by corona viruse 2) As the global supply chain breaks down, the global food supply chain will also break down. Things will eventually cause famine and mass starvation. 3) From a Western perspective, local supplies and inventory will be used up, and new stock won't come in because of foreign supply chains freezing up. Philly president Duterte told the police and military to shoot people dead i
    • Yeah, even the paid sick leave argument doesn't work in this specific situation, since there turns out to be so much asymptomatic transmission, either with no symptoms or before or after symptoms. Even people with paid sick leave don't stay home when they aren't sick!

      And I'm in favor of paid sick leave, since it would greatly decrease the number of flu deaths. Also in an epidemic of slightly different character it could make a big difference, just not so much this one.

    • by khchung ( 462899 )

      "COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care"

      So, like Italy.

      Italy, by all signs, are getting the virus under control.

      Next week, around Easter, we can come back and see how exactly true your comment actually was, when NY became worse than Italy at its worst.

      • by msauve ( 701917 )
        Whoosh. Italy is just a single, and obvious, example. Comparing infection rates in different countries [ourworldindata.org], the US is right in the middle, worldwide. Same for death rates [ourworldindata.org], comparing to a few countries with socialized medicine (feel free to pick your own for comparison).

        Like the fiction author in the article, you need to provide hard facts which support a causal correlation with socialized medicine or sick leave if you want to support his position. Just saying "COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need ..." (
    • by brunes69 ( 86786 )

      Er... sick leave benefits have nothing to do with health care costs.

      The health care costs for everyone in Italy is $0.

      This 66.6% of their pay is money to live on, not to pay the hospital.

  • Back to normal (Score:5, Insightful)

    by alvinrod ( 889928 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @02:14PM (#59898250)
    I have a feeling we'll get "back to normal" a lot more quickly and a lot more easily than most people could imagine. Never underestimate humanity's ability to get itself through a crisis and completely fail to learn anything from it. Realistically we probably need to go through this at least two or three more times over the next few decades before we really start to make meaningful changes.
    • Just think how many cities burned down before people finally got around to imposing fire regulations.

    • We are governed by irrational politicians. The Average Joe is a complete idiot. Until a month ago, any sort of expert was seen as a dangerous heretic I don't see anything happening after this. People will go back to being selfish, wasteful, fearful, materialistic and all the other things they were before.
  • Comment removed (Score:5, Informative)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @02:19PM (#59898268)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • build new factories to fundamentally address the medical supply line problems

      Now, let's imagine that that had been possible. So, somewhere around the beginning of February (being optimistic), we decide to build new factories to address the medical supply line problems. Given that start date for building the factories, when do you believe the factories would have been producing enough of whatever to make a difference?

      If your answer is earlier than 2021, you're, well, high. Sorry, empty fields don't turn

      • by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

        If your answer is earlier than 2021, you're, well, high. Sorry, empty fields don't turn into high-productivity factories in a month. Wasn't EVER a real possibility.

        Just to dogpile on the above, the Corps of Engineers has been doing work to prep emergency hospitals with a 2 week buildout time. They've specifically said, "this time line is what it is. You do not get to dictate what you want. There is not and cannot be a perfect solution, and we will not be spending 3-4 months just talking about projects before doing them. Pick from this list: large COVID, small COVID, large non-COVID, small non-COVID. That's it."

        All of that is predicated on taking existing spaces t

        • by ghoul ( 157158 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @05:21PM (#59898736)

          Actually after SARS China realized there might be a need for emergency hospitals. It was not economic to build extra hospitals everywhere so they instead build pre-fab modules and stored them. That way when the outbreak happened in Wuhan they brought the pre fab modules and put them together in 10 days.

          If the US manufactured and stored pre-fab hospital modules in a national stockpile,US too could build greenfield hospitals in 10 days.

          • by mestar ( 121800 )

            So, you are saying that if US was as organized as China, it would be as organized as China.

    • the companies don't want the government telling them what to do (and forcing them to make and sell products that might be less profitable).

      Companies also didn't want a ton of equipment made because it would risk flooding the market and cannibalizing their sales. See here [slashdot.org] for my comments on ventilators.

      The average voter doesn't have enough information. Large swaths of our media are owned by special interests and they protect their interests first and foremost. Google "Manufactured Consent".
    • No, what we needed is a CDC and FDA that didn't lie to the state health departments and abuse emergency powers to forbid them from doing their job of test development, deployment, and community monitoring in order to make Trump look better for re-election. With that change, none of the measures you're talking about would even be needed. We'd be stabilizing at 50,000 or so infected right now with closures isolated to the worst areas and discussions of community testing strategies to mediate economic disrup

    • by ghoul ( 157158 )

      All we really needed was an immediate ban on travel to and from China on Jan 7 when Human to human transmission was confirmed by China accompanied by a statement from the US that any country which does not do the same by Jan 10 will also be hit with a complete travel ban.

      This should have been accompanied by a crash program to develop 5 minute test kits and a crash program to manufacture masks.

      Then wearing masks should have been mandated in public places and then the airports opened back up but everyone had

      • by amorsen ( 7485 )

        Total travel bans have no science behind them. They have never worked in history. Someone always slips through.

        The same goes for the public wearing masks. There is no evidence that it works. The masks would need to be proper N95 masks, changed every few hours, with training provided on how to use them properly. Improperly used masks can be a hotspot for viruses.

        Testing and contact tracing and quarantine and social distancing and hygiene are known to work (at various success rates, depending on the particula

  • Here we go... (Score:3, Insightful)

    by erp_consultant ( 2614861 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @02:36PM (#59898326)

    " COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care..." - No it hasn't. Last time I checked there is universal health care in Italy, the UK and Canada and that didn't stop the spread of the virus one bit. Given that there is no vaccine for Covid-19 how does having universal health care help?

    Based on what we know now the best thing to do is social distancing and self quarantine, neither of which are aided by UHC. This guy is just another anti-Trump shill looking to make a government power grab.

    As Rahm Emanuel once famously said: "never let a crisis go to waste". The contents of the stimulus bill should make that abundantly clear. Or perhaps this guy would like to explain to us how the Kennedy Center and NPR and cancelling the Postal Office debt and tax credits for wind and solar and student loan forgiveness have ANYTHING AT ALL to do with Covid-19?

    • by Xiaran ( 836924 )
      Yeah why change anything when you guys in the US are managing this so well /s :D
    • Last time I checked there is universal health care in Italy, the UK and Canada and that didn't stop the spread of the virus one bit.
      How do you know that?
      Pleas publish your paper and research, that would be important for mankind!!

      • "How do you know that?" - Seems pretty obvious to me. There are cases in Canada, Italy, the UK. They have UHC. There are cases in the USA, which does not have UHC. Italy, until very recently, had the highest number of Covid-19 cases. The US now has the highest number but keep in mind that Italy has 60 million people and the US has 300 million people. Five times the population.

        So if UHC works so well, as you claim, then maybe you could explain to me why Italy has so many cases with only 1/5 the population of

        • Look at https://www.worldometers.info/... [worldometers.info] Canada has one tenth the population of the US, but twenty times less infections and 40 times less deaths.
        • by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

          As you point out, the situation is more complex than "zomg, people are sick" but you also fall into the trap of saying "Italy proves this doesn't work." Germany is a few hundred km to the north and while they have a lot of cases, their healthcare system has NOT collapsed, and their number of deaths is incredibly low. Maybe it's socialized medicine, maybe it's cultural (if you can forgive a stereotype, Germans are extremely orderly people for the most part). We may be able to look back after this is all o

        • Obviously something you don't grasp happened in Italy.
          Perhaps you want to research it?
          Without UHC, the situation there would be like in the USA, I'm an Atheist, but I pray for those idiots.

          So if UHC works so well, as you claim, then maybe you could explain to me why Italy has so many cases with only 1/5 the population of the USA?
          That was all often enough in the news. So I spare me to explain it to you.

          But as a further hint: "Italy" actually has not so many cases, it is a very small region, Lombardy, that ha

    • Re:Here we go... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Mark of the North ( 19760 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @03:37PM (#59898502)

      Actually, you misinterpreted Ted Chiang's statement, made up your own strawman and then failed to knock it down.

      His statement was that: "COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care [...]."

      Assessing people at risk for COVID-19, regardless of their ability to pay for healthcare, as in a country with UHC, is clearly going to have better outcomes for a population than just assessing those who can afford healthcare. This is obvious to a layman, any layman, even one who specializes in systems as simple as ERPs.

      Federally mandated paid sick leave is also of obvious benefit in slowing COVID-19's spread. If the only factor in my decision to stay home sick is whether I'm actually sick, rather than having to take into account reduced income from staying home, then I will be much more likely to stay home, slowing the spread.

      And comparing the US with Italy is clearly unfair. Italy got hit both hard and early, with an aged population. When looking at the UK and Canada, both countries are maintaining much lower population-adjusted COVID-19 infections than the US. Perhaps they will match the US at peak, perhaps not, but at the moment, they look better off. That's even taking into the account that COVID-19 infections seem to be outstripping the US' ability to test, which makes the US numbers lower than they otherwise would be.

      • by BECoole ( 558920 )

        Obviously, you harbor the misconception that UHC means unlimited resources when in fact it means fewer resources.

        • by AK Marc ( 707885 )
          Fewer resources organized more efficiently, for a greater outcome with less cost. UHC is much cheaper, and does a better job of keeping people alive.
          • Good. Cheap. Fast. Pick ONE.

            UHC is cheap. It is built on delaying treatment. Delaying treatment is the opposite of what you want in a pandemic. It is also why the US created a 5 minute test (and are working on a TWO minute test) while the rest of the world thought 4 DAYS was good enough.
            • by AK Marc ( 707885 )
              No. The average wait in the US for "elective surgery" is the same as UHC countries. Yes, there are "horror stories" in every system. But the most common "I had to wait 23 years for a knee replacement" is because their "old" knee was still good enough to last 23 years, so it was the right call to avoid surgery for something that didn't need it, until it did need it. Not because there's a shortage of care, but because the care is correct, even if the patient disagrees.
      • by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

        Federally mandated paid sick leave is also of obvious benefit in slowing COVID-19's spread.

        Preface: Generally speaking, I support paid sick leave as a policy in general, though I would leave the mandating of it to the states (the constitution does not seem to give the feds power to mandate such, though obviously some will just handwave that away with "commerce clause.")

        That said, I don't agree that it is of "obvious benefit" in slowing the spread. Sick leave generally applies when you're sick. COVID has asymptomatic carriers, and a long incubation period where those who have yet to show symptom

      • "Assessing people at risk for COVID-19, regardless of their ability to pay for healthcare, as in a country with UHC, is clearly going to have better outcomes for a population than just assessing those who can afford healthcare." - I know that Aetna, for example, has waived the fee for the Covid-19 test. It's free. The issue is not the cost of the test it is availability of testing kits. Something that UHC does nothing to address.

        "This is obvious to a layman, any layman, even one who specializes in systems a

    • Last time I checked there is universal health care in Italy, the UK and Canada and that didn't stop the spread of the virus one bit. Given that there is no vaccine for Covid-19 how does having universal health care help? Based on what we know now the best thing to do is social distancing and self quarantine, neither of which are aided by UHC.

      It's not UHC that makes the difference in this case. It's social security. Not sure about other European countries, but in the NL people that catch COVID-19 are advised not to come to a hospital. Mild symptoms? Stay home! Mild fever, dry cough? Stay home! Fever worsening, otherwise it's bearable? Contact your family doctor on how to proceed. Short of breath / trouble breathing? Only then contact a hospital. Result is that most people contracting COVID-19 sit it out at home, and it's the serious cases that

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      " COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care..." - No it hasn't. Last time I checked there is universal health care in Italy, the UK and Canada and that didn't stop the spread of the virus one bit.

      Actually, although I am for universal health care, and I agree. COVID-19 hasn't demonstrated the critical need for that *yet*.

      We're at what Winston Churchill would characterize as not the beginning of the end, but the end of the beginning. We haven't even stopped exponential expansion of infections yet. We've got a long, long road ahead of us. Even the White House is talking about 100,000 deaths, and so far we're at less than 1% of that.

      So far if you discount China, which is both unreliable and a special

      • by amorsen ( 7485 )

        Italy is possibly nearing the end of the beginning. The US will be in the beginning for weeks or months still.

        Churchill's statement came after the Allied victory at El Alamein, long after the Battle of Britain had been won. By that standard, even China might not be at the end of the beginning.

  • Also, if after this is done, we don't go back to handshakes and zero personal space, but adopt using masks regularly and minimize touching and increase our hand washing, we'll save lives on the flu, and other diseases, as well as slow the spread of the next COVID-19, without having to be in permenant isolation.

    Also, we've found that "work from home" works. So many have thought it could never work. Now, we know there are differences in time management, differences in KPIs, but people who work from a compu
  • Universal Healthcare NOT SYNONYMOUS with UNLIMITED HEALTH BANDWIDTH. Universal Healthcare is what Italy has. Italy has triaged people over the age of 60 (feel free to fact check this number - but the triage did take place) as "not worth treating due to unfavorable outcomes" and has turned them away.

    Universal Healthcare doe not mean "health care for every person that ever wants it whenever they demand it." We cannot have enough doctors and nurses and hospitals to even service 10% of the population all at on

    • All healthcare is an insurance model which is an actuarial model. An actuarial model balances the number of people that might need service against the number of people that pay for service. This allows for lower cost service based on the people who never need service compared to those that do, when all pay for the service.

      Sure, but the US pays almost double per capita for healthcare as other developed countries for similar average outcomes. A large part of that is the insurance companies themselves, which suck up fully one third of your health care dollars which are obviously not going towards actual health care.

      If the US spent as much per capita on a public system as you do now you would have by far the best system in the world bar none. Instead you still have the best system in the world - but for shareholders, not patie

      • by ghoul ( 157158 )

        US pays double or triple per capita for a lot of things like plumbers, fruit pickers, Bus drivers.

        Its not just medical care.

        Universal Health Care will not reduce the cost of health care significantly on a per procedure basis as doctors would still be paid the same. It will however lead to better health outcomes as people would get treated at earlier stages thus avoiding costlier interventions later on.

        Some of the fat of Insurance billing and hospital profits may be taken out too but competition does keep fo

        • Better health outcomes based on longer wait times for everyone or better based on everyone gets what they want? Universal healthcare provides what the doctor deems is necessary based on the prognosis of the outcome - not the "hardest try for every situation". I agree the poor should be taken care of - that's what medicare and medicaid is for. But at some point you have to take care of yourself. Or you have to pay 50% or more in taxes and even then you have to supplement your insurance in case you want to se
          • by ghoul ( 157158 )

            You are talking about the canard of choice and elective procedures.

            I never went there. My point was that despite the per procedure cost stating the same an universal healthcare system means people get care earlier before things get serious as they are not afraid of the costs of going to a doctor for a false alarm. This in turn means fewer expensive late stage interventions are needed.

            Now whether you should spend a million dollars to add 15 days to the life of a 90 yr old is a different debate altogether. An

      • Paying double in a public system means double the red tape. Not necessarily double the capacity.
        • I completely agree, but I don't think we could do worse than having many different insurance companies whose only reason to exist is to create red tape, and profit from it.

    • If healthcare as a UNIVERSAL RIGHT (true universal healthcare)

      The left thinks new rights can be invented or derived by economic/technological progress, but universal health care doesn't necessarily imply that. It could simply be good defense strategy. I wouldn't ever say society owes me the "right" to not have to worry about Soviet "Red Dawn"-scenario paratroopers or for radars to check for incoming ICBMs, but it's a good idea for government to be doing those things and it would perform very poorly by compa

      • In Canada, they have universal healthcare. I've experienced it. You don't get treated early UNLESS it's a life threatening issue. Broken leg. You can wait hours. Heart attack - let's go. Where does COVID-19 fall into this? It's not life-threatening at first? Plus there is an upper limit to beds that can be available and left open. Thoughts?
  • "Why is this happening in my lifetime!?"
    It's nuts. Totally, completely nuts. All of it.
  • by markdavis ( 642305 ) on Wednesday April 01, 2020 @06:05PM (#59898852)

    >"COVID-19 has demonstrated how much we need federally mandated paid sick leave and universal health care, so we don't want to return to a status quo that lacks those things. The current administration's response ought to serve as a cautionary tale about the dangers of electing demagogues instead of real leaders,"

    Exactly the kind of posting I would expect from msmash- way Left, and Tump-bashing. Never let a good crisis go to waste; great time to keep enlarging the Federal bureaucracy and making sure it REMAINS FOREVER after the crisis.

    I am so sick of this stuff, and there apparently is no vaccine ever coming for it.

    • Exactly the kind of posting I would expect from msmash- way Left, and Tump-bashing

      Looks like you have a strong case of what people seem to be calling "Trump derangement syndrome". Any mention of Trump seems to make you deranged and unable to think.

      Trump's response outside the lens of party politics as been poor. If a democrat did as badly, you would eviscerate them and rightly so. You should do the same for Trump as well.

      And statutory sick leave and universal healthcare is hardly "way left". It's easily cov

  • This idiot asks "Will we ever elect a careless an incompetent leader again, knowing what is at stake?"
    I expect we will elect another Barack Obama.
    The real problem with POTUS Trump's response was the FBI's criminal behavior (espionage, sabotage, etc.) that prevented him from reforming the CDC in time and then the Democrats' / Demoncrats criminal behavior (impeachment /shampeachment without a crime) that delayed any action on COVID-19 for a full month. Add in some affirmative action hires that botched the ear

    • You have no idea about universal health care, the Doctor here makes the decisions, not some accountant in a for profit company, I know which one I prefer. I’ve lived my entire life under Australia’s great universal health care, and In my 40 years Ive never once heard of anyone being refused needed treatment. How about pulling your head out and smelling reality for a change. I’m sick to death of Americans telling flat out lies about what works so well everywhere else. As for you, sure go wi

  • by ShoulderOfOrion ( 646118 ) on Thursday April 02, 2020 @01:43AM (#59899760)

    So Slashdot is now just commentary about U.S. politics from some science fiction author? I thought this was an international site about news for nerds? If the topic is "why we're never going back to normal", then why isn't there any discussion about:

    - the inherent risk of international travel, and why traveling less may be a good thing for a number of reasons
    - why having international health organizations beholden to less-than-forthcoming nations is problematical
    - the inherent risk of having international supply chains for national security items such as pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, etc.
    - the sytems, testing, and border controls that need to be in place for quickly identifying and isolating contagions before they spread
    - whether or not there will be long-term impacts to the education system with regard to distance learning (both K12 and college), the role of parents in their children's education, and the impact on initiatives such as Common Core (in the U.S.)
    - whether or not the EU can stay together when every time there's a crisis it adopts an 'every nation for itself' posture

    And so on. Most of which, really, aren't news topics for nerds, but at least don't automatically devolve into unnecessary political tripe.

  • The word demagogue can also be applied to this author. He is characterizing a sitting president in a way that appeals to his opponents. It has nothing to do with the current situation. So far, I have only seen two effective mechanisms for fighting this virus in the short term. Massive testing and isolation. The first one depends on how prepared the health system is and has very little to do with how the health system is financed. Very few countries are set up to do random testing on a significant slice of
  • First answer: Trump is doing a bad job.

    Second answer: We need to implement far-left policies.

    Stop trying to politicize this crisis. Now is not the time.

    Also, reel in the hyperbole and learn what an f'ing dystopia is before using the term.

He who steps on others to reach the top has good balance.

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