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Medicine

New Study Finds More Post-Surgery Deaths Globally Than From HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria Combined (upi.com) 113

schwit1 shares a report from UPI: About 4.2 million people worldwide die every year within 30 days of surgery -- more than from HIV, tuberculosis and malaria combined, a new study reports. The findings show that 7.7 percent of all deaths worldwide occur within a month of surgery, a rate higher than that from any other cause except ischemic heart disease and stroke. "Although not all postoperative deaths are avoidable, many can be prevented by increasing investment in research, staff training, equipment and better hospital facilities," lead author of the study, Dr. Dmitri Nepogodiev, said in a university news release. Along with finding that 4.2 million people a year die within a month of having surgery, his team discovered that half of those deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

"Although not all postoperative deaths are avoidable, many can be prevented by increasing investment in research, staff training, equipment and better hospital facilities," Nepogodiev said in a university news release. "To avoid millions more people dying after surgery, planned expansion of access to surgery must be complemented by investment in to improving the quality of surgery around the world," he noted.

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New Study Finds More Post-Surgery Deaths Globally Than From HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria Combined

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  • That's nothing (Score:5, Insightful)

    by SlaveToTheGrind ( 546262 ) on Sunday February 10, 2019 @09:13PM (#58101576)

    100% of people die within a few days of drinking water.

  • by Livius ( 318358 ) on Sunday February 10, 2019 @09:25PM (#58101596)

    Compared to what? What's the number for people who die within 30 days of not having medically necessary surgery? I'm pretty sure people consider the risks pretty carefully before opting for surgery.

    And yes, spending more money generally correlates with improved outcomes, but if it's not quantitative then it's not telling us anything new.

    • Its hard to really answer these without having access to the paper. One has to assume the actual paper itself is a bit more careful in its wording.

      But often these studies have to be taken as part of a bigger picture when translated into policy simply because accounting for all variables is statistically hard. Differentiating cause , correlation and effect can be hard work! How many of these surgeries are on Cancer patients who are going to die regardless of the surgery. Often those surgeries are simply mean

    • On top of that, the summary seems to be conflating causes of death such as heart disease and stroke with a correlated event: that many people who die had just recently had surgery. That doesn’t mean surgery is the cause of the death, nor does the fact that more deaths happen in poorer nations even necessarily mean that surgeries there are being done poorly. It could simply be that the patients aren’t getting into surgery early enough for it to be as effective. Perhaps preventative medicine is wo

    • Where It Is (Score:4, Insightful)

      by JBMcB ( 73720 ) on Sunday February 10, 2019 @11:37PM (#58102028)

      Reminds me of a quote supposedly given by Willie Sutton, a notorious bank robber. When asked why he robbed banks, he replied "because that's where the money is."

      Why do people die in hospitals? Because that's where sick people go. Why do people die after surgery? Because one, surgery carries a certain risk. Two, if they are doing surgery on you, there's probably something wrong with you to begin with.

      There are absolutely problems with secondary infections, surgical errors, unnecessary surgeries and the like. but a single statistic doesn't say anything about those things.

  • We are given these numbers without useful context - only a meaningless comparison to the total deaths caused by several historically scary diseases.

    Taken as a group, surgical patients will probably be sicker, on average, than the population as a whole. What are the measured mortality rates per type of surgery? What are the expected mortality rates of these patients, both with and without surgical intervention? What is the total number of surgeries involved?

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • Exactly, would they have been better advised to skip the surgery. Then at least they can die without having gone through that one last traumatic and expensive experience.
      • by shilly ( 142940 )

        Potentially. But there are other considerations too. Rabbi Abraham Twerski talks about this in an anecdote about his father's death. Atul Gawande wrote an entire book about it.

    • by elrous0 ( 869638 )

      Yeah, who would have thought that cutting open human beings who are probably already seriously ill might result in a slightly higher death rate than from a bunch of diseases that have all but been abolished in the developed world?

      In other news, people who've been shot are found to have a higher post-shooting death rate than people who haven't been shot. Film at eleven!

    • Taken as a group, surgical patients will probably be sicker, on average, than the population as a whole.

      I'm keen to know the death rate if we stopped surgeries. I mean we really should stop them, they sound deadly.

  • Medicine remains seriously adverse to inexpensive immune and nutritional methods that can make huge differences in surgical recovery and complications.

    The recent "discovery" that vitamin B1+hydrocortisone+a little injected vitamin C can prevent and abort sepsis is a small, belated step in the right direction. Big Medicine is still way behind on injectable vitamin C technology though.
    • by puck01 ( 207782 )

      This 'recent' discovery is hardly proven to be true yet. At least two large studies are in progress to confirm, or reject, those early findings.

      Sepsis historically has had many preliminary studies suggest a positive intervention only to be shown later it is ineffective or even harmful when studied fully. Further, even if we assume this intervention is effective, its not clear whether all three, two of the three or just one of the ingredients in necessary. We already know in some cases steroids can be

      • First, most supposed "tests" greatly miss the instructions on use. Embarrassing stuff once you do the homework and understand the history and the literature. Your "failures" are actually non-tests that have little to no relevance to the successful uses.

        Cancer is the most difficult and marginal use for IV vitamin C. Still it saved us a lot time and money. Really lots, even just as an targetable, additive adjunct. Most people can't get IVC correctly - for dose or frequency or target - too much medical
        • by puck01 ( 207782 )

          Sorry, I did not realize I was communicating with a wacko. Will avoid wasting my time in the future.

          • Like I said huge biases. The 0 reflects actual knowledge and experimental base for you and associates, evidence of a parrot-like knowledge base.

            In a world, that has growing antibiotic resistance (and some nasty, expensive antibiotics), IV vitamin C is a nice option. Ditto acute viruses. As for the cancer part, it distinctly, factionally helped us when MD Anderson types wrote someone off, and saved $ $,$$$,$$$ too. I don't claim it as a cancer panacea.
    • by GuB-42 ( 2483988 ) on Monday February 11, 2019 @05:50AM (#58102762)

      Medicine remains seriously adverse to inexpensive immune and nutritional methods that can make huge differences in surgical recovery and complications.

      No it isn't. I don't know any self respecting doctor who wouldn't recommend a healthy diet. By healthy diet I mean the basics: avoid too much sugar, fat, salt, eat the right amount of calories, etc... They also routinely recommend avoiding or favoring some kinds of foods if you have some conditions. As for inexpensive immune methods, they are called vaccines.

      The recent "discovery" that vitamin B1+hydrocortisone+a little injected vitamin C can prevent and abort sepsis is a small, belated step in the right direction. Big Medicine is still way behind on injectable vitamin C technology though.

      The conclusion of that "recent discovery" is "additional studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings". Many promising preliminary studies don't pass clinical trials unfortunately. Don't claim victory too early.
      Vitamin C is effective for treating scurvy, which is a now rare disease caused by the lack of vitamin C. It is a discovery that saved thousands of life in the past. But such a resounding success doesn't make vitamin C a cure-all. Other uses of vitamin C, injectable or otherwise didn't get much conclusive results despite being studied a lot (61759 results for "vitamin C" on PubMed).

  • Intervening when we have no idea of the break-even point is âoenaive interventionism,â a phrase first brought to my attention by Nassim Taleb. In Antifragile, Taleb writes: In the case of tonsillectomies, the harm to the children undergoing unnecessary treatment is coupled with the trumpeted gain for some others. The name for such net loss, the (usually bitten or delayed) damage from treatment in excess of the benefits, is iatrogenics. https://fs.blog/2013/10/iatrog... [fs.blog]

    • by shilly ( 142940 )

      Well sure, but for all the marginal cases like tonsillectomies, there's a ton of straightforward clear benefit cases like ankle fractures. And you can't know whether intervention beats non-intervention without doing a study that involves some intervention.

      Taleb spends his time talking about stuff that professionals in the fields he discusses would respond to with "no shit Sherlock"

  • by Anonymous Coward

    This is one of the reasons why our medical system is so out of control. They routinely do complex surgeries on very, very old people who will never regain a quality of life. It doesn't matter at all that Great-Granddad is 97...let's go ahead with that heart bypass surgery.

  • by swell ( 195815 ) <jabberwock@poetic.com> on Sunday February 10, 2019 @09:46PM (#58101674)

    "half of those deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries"

    Which strongly suggests that half of them die in high income countries. Countries which typically have a smaller population. Which suggests that a larger proportion of high income people are dying after their surgery.

    Hey, I'm talking about US, people! Tech workers, managers, skilled mathematicians and undertakers and other people who help maintain our countries' high incomes. Are we gonna stand for this death rate? We need to protest! Or move to a low-income country where surgery is safer.

    • Or move to a low-income country where surgery is safer.

      Jokes aside the downside of comparing percentages and rates without a basis. The basis here would be how many surgeries are conducted in rich countries vs poor countries.

  • by kackle ( 910159 )
    I think although not all postoperative deaths are avoidable, many can be prevented by increasing investment in research, staff training, equipment and better hospital facilities.

    And, I believe that although not all postoperative deaths are avoidable, many can be prevented by increasing investment in research, staff training, equipment and better hospital facilities.
  • What percentage of these deaths could have been avoided if we detected the condition requiring surgery before it was too late and were forced to move from relatively non-invasive operations or even medication to requiring surgery?

    My theory... of which I recently signed up for the university to work towards a masters and Ph.D. in the topic is to detect maladies before they reach the point of requiring complex surgery. This comes from automating advanced medical practices and eliminating the simple ones. For
    • by shilly ( 142940 )

      If you're really going to study this for your PhD, you're sounding pretty naive about things. Screening leads to false positives as well as true positives, and positives require intervention. If you're going to intervene with every early prostate lump that's too small for a GP to feel, you're going to be intervening with a lot of people who would have done perfectly well with no intervention at all, or intervention only much later.

      I mean there are reams and reams of papers written on this topic in relation

    • As some other responses to your post have said, there's a problem with detecting too much stuff and having false, or false-ish positives.

      There's a cancer researcher who has postulated that cancers show up all the time, but are mostly rejected by the immune system while still small and never really cause any problems or require any treatment.

      In fact, I *think* I had a basal cell carcinoma (looked just like one, i swear) and I was on the verge of going to get it treated when it got irritated, started to bleed

  • I'm vindicated.
    I always said surgeons are just high paid butchers.
    They treat the symptoms by cutting it out, not the causes.
    Bit pythonesque
    no fecking science involved, just trial and error.

  • by u19925 ( 613350 ) on Sunday February 10, 2019 @10:03PM (#58101722)

    The sumary says "half of those deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries"

    Doesn't that mean half of those happen in rich countries? Why are they trying to shame low and middle income countries when the rate in rich countries is so high?

  • by nehumanuscrede ( 624750 ) on Sunday February 10, 2019 @10:08PM (#58101742)

    In time, you may change your tune a bit once you personally know someone who goes into surgery and never wakes up.
    Especially something ridiculously simple and / or routine.

    No words can explain how you feel when you meet the Doctor and are expecting to hear one thing ( we're done, they're doing fine, etc. )
    only to find out they coded on the table and the surgical team spent the last half hour trying to revive them to no avail.

    The truly frustrating part is not knowing why.

    Body just give up ? Medical / Anesthesia error ? Reaction to one of the meds ?

    It's one of those things that will haunt you forever.

    • I lost a family member like this, not from the surgery though... just died in regular care in post op choking on her own vomit because her bed was malfunctioning and would not move up and down and because of her stomach surgery so she could not bend up or roll over to clear her throat. She died alone, without assistance from any of the attending nurses, or family. The malfunction of the bed was known for days before the event. It terrifies me that someone can literally die, in a hospital from their own v

    • by dr.Flake ( 601029 ) on Monday February 11, 2019 @01:28AM (#58102284)

      Dying on the OR table is extremely rare.
      Anesthesia complications or surgery disasters leading to a direct fatality are 1:100.000 or less.

      Those who succumb on a table usually entered the OR in a dismal condition, actively bleeding, whilst having a cardiac arrest etc etc.

      Post-surgery, that's where the losses occur. Heart attacks, pneumonia, seizures, sepsis.
      Not that all of them can be avoided and everybody's mindset is on minimizing them.

      Your condition prior to surgery is the best predictor

    • In time, you may change your tune a bit once you personally know someone who goes into surgery and never wakes up.

      Why would I change my tune? Do you know how many people would die if we decided to ban surgeries? We're joking about the heinous abuse of statistics, not about specific people dying.

      Having experienced someone die as a result of surgery puts me in an interesting position: I could take your approach and get triggered negatively every time this topic is discussed, or I could maintain a sense of humour and go on with my life, calling out bad use of statistics and comparisons as I do.

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by Solandri ( 704621 ) on Monday February 11, 2019 @08:55AM (#58103190)
      You're improperly comparing to a zero base state - post-surgery death vs if the person were living a normal life and didn't need surgery. That leads you to the incorrect conclusion that "something is wrong" when someone dies after surgery.

      The correct comparison is is against what would've happened to the person if they hadn't gone into surgery. Except for cosmetic surgery, going to the OR is usually to treat a life-threatening problem. 4.2 million deaths after surgery vs 313 million surgical procedures is a 1.3% chance of death post-surgery. People opt for surgery because that's a helluva improvement over the ~50% chance of death if they hadn't gone into surgery.

      The same miguided argument is used against vaccines. A few dozen children die from vaccines each year. Anti-vaxxers (comparing to a zero base state of no deaths) cite that as evidence that vaccines are unsafe. But the correct comparison is a few dozen deaths from vaccines, vs the tens or hundreds of thousands of deaths if nobody were vaccinated. We opt for vaccines and surgery because they're the lesser of two evils (far, far lesser).

      Another example is the crash of United Airlines 232 [wikipedia.org]. One of the passengers was a lap child - an infant or small child carried on the parents' lap and traveling without paying for a seat. The head stewardess abroad the flight followed procedure and instructed the parents to put the lap child underneath the seat in front of them like carry-on luggage. When the child died, she was so racked with guilt that she went on a multi-decade crusade to get lap children banned. The FAA finally ruled against her a few years ago. She was incorrectly comparing against a zero base state - the lap child dying vs possibly surviving if it had been belted into a seat. The FAA made the correct comparison. Lap children are allowed because flying is two orders of magnitude safer than driving. If you forced all parents with small children to pay for a seat for those children, a lot of them would opt to drive instead of fly. And as a result a lot more children would die from car accidents than this one lap child on this one ill-fated flight.

      Instead of being frustrated over not knowing why the "unnecessary" death occurred, treat it as a gamble. The patient's original status gave him, say, a 50% chance of survival. Surgery gives him a 98.7% chance of survival. So surgery is obviously the better bet and wiser choice. But 1.3% of the time you will still lose that bet. It still boils down to the luck of the draw, except with surgery (and vaccines and lap children) you are stacking the deck far, far in your favor.

      We can and certainly should try to improve the 1.3% fatality rate following surgery. But 1.3% is still a good thing, not something to be ashamed or fearful of. People are making jokes because TFA is naively trying to spin this story as if surgery were an additional risk, when it's actually a reduction in risk.
  • Find people who can study. Accept only the best people for medical work.
    Make sure they can all pass their tests.
    Ensure they can function in a teaching hospital with constant peer review.
    Stop accepting average and mediocre students.
    Make sure your nations has the best professionals every decade.
    A doctor wants to work in your nation with no qualifications?
    Make them pass the same standard exams before they are allowed in.
    Peer review will then find the people who cant learn, who cant study, who cant ke
  • Drug-resistant infections are making hospitals a really dangerous place to be.

  • The exact percentage is unknown, but there is some percentage of doctors who don't care at all. They fill out checklists and do the bare minimum of what those checklists prescribe in order to keep themselves from being declared incompetent... but they just don't care. They were told if they do certain things in a certain order, they get money. So they do, but they don't care. Your suffering is immaterial. Your survival has no bearing on whether or not they sleep well at night. They just don't care.

    You facto

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