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Medicine Science

What Ecstasy Does To Octopuses (theatlantic.com) 129

Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who studies how the cells and chemicals in animal brains influence animals' social lives, gave ecstasy to octopuses and recorded her observations. The study, published in the journal Current Biology, suggests that the psychoactive drug that can make people feel extra loving toward others also has the same effect on octopuses. An anonymous reader shares the report from The Atlantic: [Dolen] and her colleague Eric Edsinger put five Californian two-spot octopuses individually into the middle of three connected chambers and gave them free rein to explore. One of the adjacent chambers housed a second octopus, confined inside an overturned plastic basket. The other contained an unfamiliar object, such as a plastic flower or a Chewbacca figurine. Dolen and Edsinger measured how long the main animal spent in the company of its peer, and how long with the random toy. The free-moving individuals thoroughly explored the chambers, and from their movements, Dolen realized that individuals of any sex gravitate toward females, but avoid males. Next, she dosed the animals with ecstasy. Again, there's no precedent for this, but researchers often anesthetize octopuses by dunking them in ethanol -- a humane procedure with no lasting side effects. So Dolen and Edsinger submerged their octopuses in an MDMA solution, allowing them to absorb the drug through their gills. At first they used too high a dose, and the animals "freaked out and did all these color changes," Dolen says. But once the team found a more suitable dose, the animals behaved more calmly -- and more sociably. "With ecstasy in their system, the five octopuses spent far more time in the company of the same trapped male they once shunned," the report continues. "Even without a stopwatch, the change was obvious. Before the drug, they explored the chamber with the other octopus very tentatively."

"They mashed themselves against one wall, very slowly extended one arm, touched the [other animal], and went back to the other side," Dolen says. "But when they had MDMA, they had this very relaxed posture. They floated around, they wrapped their arms around the chamber, and they interacted with the other octopus in a much more fluid and generous way. They even exposed their [underside], where their mouth is, which is not something octopuses usually do."
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What Ecstasy Does To Octopuses

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  • I wonder how long the inevitable website(s) pops up ...

    This is your ___ animal on Ectasy.

  • by quenda ( 644621 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @07:18PM (#57351758)

    > "They even exposed their [underside], where their mouth is, which is not something octopuses usually do."

  • Everyone start tripping balls on MDMA.
    • Sorry, we only condone drugs that make idiots start fights at football games. Any drug not made by big pharma is evil and must be eradicated.

    • Everyone start tripping balls on MDMA.

      . . . nah, then everyone would start posting here: "Funding secured!" I'm taking Slashdot private!

      I thought that the PETA folks might get their bowels in an uproar about giving Molly to octopi . . .

      . . . but then I figured that those kind researchers thoroughly and extensively tested the Molly on themselves first, before giving a dose, to the ones they love most.

      So, for the follow-up research grant . . . what does Viagra do to octopi . . . ? Could rigid digit octopi save the coral reefs . . . ?

  • by K. S. Kyosuke ( 729550 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @07:19PM (#57351764)
    Now *this* is what I consider worthwhile research.
    • philosophically anyway. It lends credence to the idea that social behaviors can be traced back to certain chemical responses. The reason that matters is stuff like religion and the origin of morality. There's a pretty big debate on, for example, whether you can have morality without God. This is a notch on the atheist's side since it implies socializing might have a generalized chemical factor to it.
      • Nobody denies that brain chemistry exists. So it's not "a notch" for anyone. Drugs can make you feel different ways - yeah we've all known that for at least 7,000 years.

        Well, I take that back - sometimes when someone is seriously under the influence of heavy drugs, they might think they are having a spiritual experience rather than a chemical experience. But they also think that they could walk through a wall if they really, really wanted to, think they ARE walking when they are actually sitting still, and

        • by UnknownSoldier ( 67820 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @11:27PM (#57352548)

          > is that Exodus and Moses are Canon

          *facepalm*

          The Torah is NOT a history book. Take Genesis: It has the lie of omission about Adam's first wife, has contradictory creation stories (Man is created _after_ the animals in chapter 1, but _before_ the animals in chapter 2), has the nonsense of day & night existing BEFORE the sun was made, chapter 4:4 shows that there were humans BEFORE Adam, etc. In Exodus we find nine of the ten commandments come directly out of the Egyptian Book of the Dead. The only ones treating Moses as canon are those ignorant of history.

          It is obvious you've never read it, let alone understand the allegory of it.

          e.g. Why is Day 2 of the creation is the ONLY day that doesn't say "It was good."

          • The Torah is NOT a history book.

            That's right, it's five books!

            Take Genesis: It has the lie of omission about Adam's first wife,

            Genesis didn't have a member named Adam. You mean Phil Collins?

            has contradictory creation stories (Man is created _after_ the animals in chapter 1, but _before_ the animals in chapter 2

            So he made at least two worlds trying out different orders of creation. Where's the contradiction? If anything this makes it more plausible because it explains why we don't see Spiderman in this world. (He's in the other one).

            has the nonsense of day & night existing BEFORE the sun was made,

            The sun only comes out during the day because it's scared of the dark. I thought everyone knew that, jeez.

            Chapter 4:4 shows that there were humans BEFORE Adam, etc.

            Go on any star wars fan site, and they'll all agree the original trilogy is cano

          • The Torah is NOT a history book. Take Genesis...

            If you take the time to read them, it's quite easy to see that there's a fundamental difference between Genesis (really just the first quarter or so of it) and the rest of the Torah. The parts that read like a mythology are a fairly small percentage overall; once you get past the first section of Genesis, there's mostly just a few brief stories. The last part of Genesis (how the small tribe of Israel fled from the famine in their homeland to settle in Egypt) and the first part of Exodus (a slave revolt a fe

      • by quenda ( 644621 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @09:14PM (#57352096)

        There's a pretty big debate on, for example, whether you can have morality without God.

        Where is that !? At your local evangelical church or mosque? Even there, it would only be among the dumber, more zealous members.

        I mean, not only is it obviously true, but it even turns out that societies share the same moral values, even when individual members have different or no religions.
        i.e. religion does not shape moral values, but the opposite occurs.

        • I've been watching a bunch of Youtube videos on Atheism (Dawkins, Aronra, Chistopher Hutches, Genetic Skeptic). One of the main talking points for the Creationist side is that you need the supernatural to explain morality (supernatural here doesn't mean ghosts & magic, it means something beyond nature). The Atheists for their part argue that morality can exist without supernatural explanations.
          • by quenda ( 644621 )

            talking points for the Creationist side

            hang on, "creationist"? In the developed world (possibly excluding parts of the us?), these are a tiny minority of religious people.

            I've seen some great discussions between Dawkins et al and and theists.
            But an intellectual debate between a professor of evolutionary biology and a creationist, would be like a running race between Stephen Hawking and Usain Bolt. Just embarrassing. Unless by "creationist" you mean something other than the usual young-earth, created as is, sense.

            Atheists for their part argue that morality can exist without supernatural explanations.

            Are these creationists sugges

            • I've seen some of these embarrassing "debates" on trashy day time TV before. It's like watching two people speaking different languages to each other and getting nowhere. Essentially they playing different games with different rules. On the academic side they demand sound logic and an intellectually honest approach to evidence, etc. and this is how you win. On the other side this counts for nothing because it's not understood. To gain followers amongst this crowd it's about speaking with confidence and
            • source [gallup.com]

              Folks don't seem to realize how many evangelicals America has. Our Vice President is a Dominionist, for example.
              • by quenda ( 644621 )

                Folks don't seem to realize how many evangelicals America has. Our Vice President is a Dominionist, for example.

                Australia's new Prime Minister (won't last long) is a evangelical (or "happy clappy" as we call them), but I never heard anybody call him a creationist.
                If he was, surely the opposition would be making it known.

                Senator Steve Fielding has been widely ridiculed for his creationist beliefs, but he belongs to the fringe "Family First" party.

          • How do religious people justify arriving at roughly similar ideas of morality when they often believe significantly different things? For that matter, the largest somewhat compact religious group is like what, 30% of the world's population? Assuming that at most one religion can be right, doesn't this mean that at least 70% of people fervently believe in something that is provably at least largely wrong? That would seem to suggest that religion is a very unreliable way of getting information on things. Howe
            • is either that the holy spirit works within the heretics or that the heretic knows that their religion is the one true one but doesn't want to profess belief because of either social pressure or a desire to sin.

              If you ask me it's working backwards from the conclusion but that's their argument.
        • I mean, not only is it obviously true, but it even turns out that societies share the same moral values, even when individual members have different or no religions. i.e. religion does not shape moral values, but the opposite occurs.

          That's so clearly false on the face of it that's hard to know where to begin.

          Take pagan Rome and Christianity, for example. Not the same values, which is why all the conflict.

          • by quenda ( 644621 )

            Take pagan Rome and Christianity, for example. Not the same values, which is why all the conflict.

            Back when it was a small cult? I'm sure you can find plenty of counter examples, but they general trend when you have different religions in one society is for them to share values. Otherwise they'd be at war even more. You could look at the US today, or the Middle East a hundred years ago.

            If religion really shaped morality, you'd expect Christianity today to have more than superficial resemblance to the Christianity of ancient Rome.
            And the morality of Jesus time bore little resemblance to that in the Tora

      • by aybiss ( 876862 )

        There's no debate about whether you can have morality without God. The only people saying that are the ultra religious.

      • There's a pretty big debate on, for example, whether you can have morality without God.

        As a Czech, I almost pissed myself with laughter. :-p

      • Comment removed based on user account deletion
        • Hmm... if you could induce sapience so easily, might it not be your duty to do so rather than thinking leaving them comparatively crippled is humane? Unfortunately, octopuses do not live long and die shortly after mating, although we could probably give them a hand with that and the right CRSPR edits.
      • There's a pretty big debate on, for example, whether you can have morality without God. This is a notch on the atheist's side since it implies socializing might have a generalized chemical factor to it.

        Um, right, because giving ecstasy to females to make them warm up to strange males is the height of morality ...

        I guess you see what you want to see, lol

  • by Crashmarik ( 635988 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @07:20PM (#57351772)

    Usually it's towards the end of the evening and I am spilling drinks on myself.

  • by Tough Love ( 215404 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @07:43PM (#57351838)

    The real question... does ecstasy make octopuses feel extra loving toward researchers? Just think of the possibilities.

  • Even though 'octopuses' or even 'octopodes' are etymologically correct and 'octopi' is not. It just sounds better out when said aloud.

  • by ooloorie ( 4394035 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @08:02PM (#57351896)

    "freaked out and did all these color changes,"

    They clearly need to try LSD next.

    • "freaked out and did all these color changes,"

      They clearly need to try LSD next.

      I'd say it's more likely that they need to meter doses better. Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and LSD can all make humans feel on top of the world (or another world) sometimes and like death (or completely out of it) at others.

    • "freaked out and did all these color changes,"

      They clearly need to try LSD next.

      You'll just get gray...all the colors will cancel out.

  • by uvajed_ekil ( 914487 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @08:19PM (#57351936)
    We need to be careful here not to infer that the rolling subject octopuses are spending more time with the contained male because they want to interact socially. We don't know how sober octopuses think, so it is terribly wrong to assume that high ones are not just out of their minds with no idea what they are really doing. We do know what different dosages of MDMA tend to do to humans, though there is still variability there, while we know nothing about the octopus MDMA response curve. It appears that MDMA does make them behave abnormally but it is impossible thus far to draw any conclusions about octopus motivations, and probably wrong to apply human concepts of mood and socialization. The octopuses exposing their undersides and doing flips and whatnot might indicate that they've lost their shit, more so than that they feel all warm and fuzzy and want to cuddle.
    • by swb ( 14022 )

      I think they would benefit more from trying MDMA on dogs.

      We have a pretty good understanding about canine socialization and interaction and can better interpret ambiguous behavior on their part.

      And what about trying it on chimps or other great apes? I suppose the argument there is they are SO similar to humans that the effects are probably entirely predictable.

      Or is the whole point of this to actually see if octopuses specifically provide human-like responses to mind altering drugs as a means of evaluating

      • Even dogs are more similar to humans than octopi.

      • Eh... any mammal is going to be basically the same as us from a biochem standpoint. That's why seeing what happened to the octopuses was so interesting, they're very smart and aren't even vertebrates so there's more likelihood of a variable response.
      • I think they would benefit more from trying MDMA on dogs.

        Given that the authors are studying the neurology and behavior of octopodes, I think they would not.

  • Everyone has their own name for it...
  • by future assassin ( 639396 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @08:30PM (#57351980)

    ....

    Been testing out MDA for a bit. Noticed if I do it 4 times in a row with a 100-150mg dose every two weeks the magic disappears on the 4th time. If I do it once a month seems to have the normal MDA/MDMA trip magic, unlike the every two weeks. Now add it about .4 grams of shrooms with a dose of mda 30 min later and good times....

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Dude...you are depleting and downregulating your serotonin. Stop taking it that often. It should be a few times a year max to avoid long term impact. You will be chemically depressed even if done a few times a month, as it take awhile to return to baseline after rolling.

    • by h4x0t ( 1245872 )
      Do not do that. You will destroy your brain. https://thedea.org/mdma-risks-... [thedea.org]
    • I'd say that doing MDMA every two weeks is on the high side, no matter what.

      Other than that, you can use 5-HTP supplements to counteract the serotonin depletion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
      Works pretty well to improve your mood even if you never do MDMA but are just naturally low on serotonin.

      • I'd say that doing MDMA every two weeks is on the high side, no matter what.

        Other than that, you can use 5-HTP supplements to counteract the serotonin depletion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
        Works pretty well to improve your mood even if you never do MDMA but are just naturally low on serotonin.

        It's not a regular type of thing. I wanted to see for myself what people meant by lost its magic. The magic loss was the shortness of the feel good/euphoria and a longer withdrawn feeling comedown. Normally if I do it say once in a month or two the warm feel good effect is followed by a short withdrawn feeling for about 20-30 min and then back to feeling kind amphetamine kind of high like you body feels a little cold and then as long as I don't do any past 12am usually get tired by 2-3 if I'm dancing and t

  • Jerome Lettvin knew (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Swave An deBwoner ( 907414 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @08:55PM (#57352054)

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Lettvin [wikipedia.org]

    While working in the Marine Zoological Station in Naples, Letttvin had a 30-foot-long (9.1 m) room in which octopus holding tanks were kept, with fine mesh metal screens to keep them from escaping. One tank, at the far end, held his youngest son Jonathan's pet octopus, known as Juvenile Delinquent or JD.[11][not in citation given] One day he teased JD with a stick. The next morning, he and his son came to the door, and noticed a puddle. Fearing that the tanks had broken, Lettvin opened the door, and was greeted by a blast of water in his face (but not his son's face). From across the room, and through the screen, JD had perfect aim, after which he jetted to the bottom of the tank, inked it up, and hid for the rest of the day. Still confused about the water under the door, Lettvin looked at the back of the door and saw a spot of water at the height of his face. JD had been practicing for revenge. From this and other experiences, Lettvin concluded that octopodes are highly intelligent, and from that time on he never ate octopus again.[citation needed]

  • Seemed a bit harsh that they subjected these noble creatures to an ecstasy overdose. Reminded me of this skit from The Onion:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

  • by ToTheStars ( 4807725 ) on Thursday September 20, 2018 @09:25PM (#57352128)
    A Canadian short documentary (2 minutes) on exposing spiders to different drugs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
  • So I take some Extacy and then I get erotically attracted by a male Octopus ...
    Sounds not to bad ... where do I find one?

    • Japan. Just do a Google search for "Japanese Tentacles" and see what results you get.

      Be afraid of what you may find though...

  • Theyâ(TM)re turning the frogs gay! :-D
  • The reason the researchers used octopuses is not to gather any special insight into neurochemistry that an octopus may provide, but simply because invertebrates are not covered by animal experimentation laws.

    Through genetic testing, the authors of this study were able to determine that octopuses and vertebrates all share the neural transmitters that MDMA acts upon.

    The authors then go on to ask whether the drug functions similarly in humans and animals when it comes to social situations. I don't know how muc

    • Any other mammal is going to have more or less the same response as humans, more interesting to see if it affects the social habits of something so different from us.
      • They knew through biochemistry that octopuses would have the same response as well. They tested a bunch of animals and listed those that wouldn't have the same response. Then tested one from the list that would.

        • oh no, they new they had serotonin receptors, not that they played a similar role in their cognition. That was the whole point of the experiment.
    • ... there are tons of studies on the social habits of monkeys, apes, dogs, cats, mice... why not try one of them?

      Because they weren't studying MDMA. They were studying octopodes.

      • That's a nice bit of circular logic.

        Why study MDMA?

        We're not, we're studying octopodes.

        Why study octopi?

        Because we don't need oversight.

        Why don't you want oversight?

        Because we're doing sketchy MDMA studies.

        Why study MDMA? ...

    • Because the animals you list are extremely similar to humans, so you'd expect similar responses as humans.

      The point was to study a creature dissimilar to humans and see what happened. An octopus fits that bill.

  • So the "drugged up" octopus started to invade the space of the one that was trapped. The article suggests that prior to getting dosed, the free-moving octopus avoided the other one. Presumably the feeling was mutual.

    Yet did anyone give any thought to the feelings of the one trapped in a basket? It might sound very empathic and touchy-feely to anthropomorphise the behaviour. However if they are naturally wary of others of their own species, then to the target of such behaviour, it becomes intrusive. Much l

  • What's Octopus for "I love you?"

  • Oh great; now we're going to have an #octotoo thing ...
  • Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine...

    I understand that diversity is a goal these days, but is this the first Cardassian working at an Earth school?

  • How is that cure for cancer coming along?

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