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Science

Neuroscience Explains Why Dieters Rarely Lose Weight (nytimes.com) 381

HughPickens.com writes: According to a new study, the chance of an obese person attaining normal body weight is 1 in 210 for men and 1 in 124 for women, increasing to 1 in 1,290 for men and 1 in 677 for women with severe obesity, suggesting that current weight management programs focused on dieting and exercise are not effective in tackling obesity. Now neuroscientist Sandra Aamodt writes in the New York Times that "in the long run dieting is rarely effective, doesn't reliably improve health and does more harm than good". And according to Aamodt, the root of the problem is not willpower but neuroscience.

Metabolic suppression is one of several powerful tools that the brain uses to keep the body within a certain weight range, called the set point. The range, which varies from person to person, is determined by genes and life experience. When dieters' weight drops below it, they not only burn fewer calories but also produce more hunger-inducing hormones and find eating more rewarding. If someone starts at 120 pounds and drops to 80, her brain rightfully declares a starvation state of emergency, using every method available to get that weight back up to normal. This coordinated brain response is a major reason that dieters find weight loss so hard to achieve and maintain. According to Aamodt dieting can actually lead to weight gain because dieting is stressful. Calorie restriction produces stress hormones, which act on fat cells to increase the amount of abdominal fat. Such fat is associated with medical problems like diabetes and heart disease, regardless of overall weight.... Aamodt recommends mindful eating -- paying attention to signals of hunger and fullness, without judgment, to relearn how to eat only as much as the brain's weight-regulation system commands.

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Neuroscience Explains Why Dieters Rarely Lose Weight

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 09, 2016 @02:57AM (#52073961)

    There are several whole industries devoted to convincing people that it's as simple as a bit of diet and exercise and if you or someone you know can't lose weight it's because they're fat and lazy. "Health" food, diet plans, pills and potions, exercise machines, surgery. All waiting to grab a dollar. And billions of people too scared or too stupid to know that if they're thin it's their good fortune, not a reason to put others down. Fat shaming is more socially accepted than any other form of discrimination on the planet.

    • by Mr D from 63 ( 3395377 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @06:18AM (#52074399)
      I'm not sure the statistics presented (the chance of an obese person attaining normal body weight is 1 in 210 for men and 1 in 124 for women) are put in context. What are the statistics for obese people that actually attempt to attain normal body weight? How many lose significant weight but don't make it to 'normal' range? It may not be as futile as those numbers presented would have you believe.
    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      While I mostly agree, I would add that some surgeries do actually work. Gastric bands, for example.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 09, 2016 @03:04AM (#52073977)

    It's trying to justify you're going to be stuck at your unhealthy weight whether you like it or not so you should just accept it fatty mclardbucket.

    • by Kokuyo ( 549451 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @03:11AM (#52073985) Journal

      For one, it does not say that at all and two, this article very much fits what I've experienced.

      Since you're not going to believe ANY of my conclusions anyway, I'm not going to waste my time writing them down.

      Let's just say I'm losing weight now steadily and all I did was I started to chew my food thoroughly... and I mean thoroughly. I counted 60 to 100 chews per bite.

      I immediately started eating way less food because there is now a point, pretty soon, where I find the thought of eating more becomes uncomfortable. I stop eating automatically now.

      So on one side, eating less actually is a viable option IF you eat less because you feel sated. If you eat less just because the scale says so, you WILL get cravings and your body WILL go into starvation mode and you definitely WILL NOT permanently lose weight.

      • Let's just say I'm losing weight now steadily and all I did was I started to chew my food thoroughly... and I mean thoroughly. I counted 60 to 100 chews per bite.

        I immediately started eating way less food because there is now a point, pretty soon, where I find the thought of eating more becomes uncomfortable. I stop eating automatically now.

        Would it not just be more efficient to just buy a shock collar that electrocutes you every time you take a bite?

    • by jellomizer ( 103300 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @04:35AM (#52074149)

      As someone who has successfully lost over 50 lbs and had kept it off for years. Who goes to the Gym 5 days a week, and watches my food intake carefully, However I am still over the recommended BMI. Sure I can run faster than most people, and I am stronger, and have much better insurance, I have the pulse and blood pressure of an athlete but medically I am still obease.
      I have dedicated a lot of time to this, and I am well aware how hard it is to lose weight, and I am not tolerating trolls to make it harder for others to choose a healthy lifestyle because they are afraid of such judgmental people. Who hide behind their trolling as (Giving them a kick to change) helpful. Overweight people are well aware of their looks, and health concerns far more than you are. And you know what the biggest excuse not to join a gym is? It is I will need to lose some weight first before I can join a Gym otherwise they are afraid of getting mocked by dumb ass comments like that.

      Fat Acceptance isn't gluttony acceptance, but treating people of different sizes like normal human beings, and not some underclass that you can insult.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Your case demonstrates the difficulty of keeping weight off long term. 50lbs, a mere 20kg, and to do it you have to carefully watch what you eat and got to the gym 5 days a week, forever. When you get old or sick you won't be able to maintain that and the weight will come back on.

        I'm not criticising you, your results are impressive and you should be congratulated. I'm just pointing out that even with massive amounts of effort you have not returned to any kind of "normal", like a normal person who doesn't ne

      • Hello friend, we have something in common: The bloody BMI charts don't represent us. I 6'4" tall and used to weigh well over 300 pounds (about 320 actually, as I recall) and now I'm down to 195-200 pounds and have a ton of muscle on my legs from training in the gym and on my bike for road racing. My bodyfat percentage is documentably between 10 and 15 percent all year 'round, but if you look me up on BMI charts I'm just barely in the 'normal' range. If I had a bunch of upper body muscle too I'd be in the 'o
    • Fat acceptance helped me lose weight - 265 to 175 lbs by going keto. It's been a year and a half and I still eat lots of fat. Plenty of protein too and a small amount of unprocesed carbs with veggies.
      Just avoid the middle aisles of the grocery store and most people will resume a healthy weight.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 09, 2016 @03:08AM (#52073983)

    Worrying. Ms. Aamodt has links to the Healthy at Every Size (HAES) [sandraaamodt.com] obesity apologists. HAES are as insane as anti-vaxxers, only they believe medical science is a worldwide racist conspiracy against fat people. Oh, and if you don't want to buy into their excuses, you're literally oppressing them. [imgur.com]

    In short, I'm worried that she appears to be peddling snake oil to people who are very, very desperate to avoid having to take personal responsibility for their unhealthy lifestyles. Diet and Exercise work -- as part of a lifestyle change. We know this, we have known this for years.

    The problem is that humans are extremely, extremely poor at making judgements about food, and we have an entire industry ("Big Food") dedicated into manipulating people into overeating and eating cheaply produced unhealthy garbage.

    • by tempmpi ( 233132 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @03:59AM (#52074085)

      I think the main issue here is that HEAS and fat acceptance people are overdoing it. Some people can be slightly overweight but everything can be fine health wise and try to force them to a normal weight is more likely to make things worse. There are also some complaints against "fat shaming" that are justified. Obesity is a significant lifestyle-based health issue, but there are many others such as smoking, lack of sleep, drug abuse, risky sexual behavior or being underweight. Shaming should to be fair: If people ignore smoking but are shaming slightly overweight people and claim that shaming is based on health concerns instead of aesthetics that is just bigotry or bad information.

      A little big of overweight (BMI 25-27), especially with low levels of abdominal fat is not a big health issue, it might even be slightly more healthy than normal weight. Something like BMI 27 to 30 is unhealthy most of the time, but on average still causes smaller health issues than smoking. But many people are significantly fatter than that. They almost always have health issues caused by their weight and should really lose weight and could easily do so by swapping some high calorie count items in their diet with vegetables.

      • by bretts ( 2480008 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @04:43AM (#52074181)

        Some people can be slightly overweight but everything can be fine health wise and try to force them to a normal weight is more likely to make things worse.

        The doctors have adjusted the definition of "obese" (apparently) to include pot-bellies and thunder thighs. They are doing this in the War on Obesity, which like other Wars on Social Problems, is based in forcing people to do what is not natural for them. They think this will work because all humans are the same, identical and grey, without any context or surrounding needs. But as you point out, people vary. For some, a little extra weight is a good thing, especially in middle age.

        Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to find some eclairs...

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Ugh... This is a textbook example of poisoning the well by making some nonsense claims about HAES. The link to someone who is clearly upset and venting a little, spun into "oppression", is particularly awful.

      HAES promote two basic ideas:

      1. People should live a healthy lifestyle for the sake of well-being, rather than just for weight loss. So they are against binge diets, and for changing lifestyle to be more healthy. Seems sensible.

      2. Simply dieting and increasing exercise is not effective for some people.

    • Don't drag anti-vaxxers down to this level.
      Anti-vaxxers do not believe the current consensus for one medical issue, that the medical establishment is doing a good job making and using vaxxines. Which is not completely impossible because people makes mistakes and vaxxines are not magically infallible. the medical establishment has be horrendously wrong before, it's not particularly great are science, and it is really good at being greedy and caring about money more the patient health.

      What Fat-Acceptance moro

  • You cannot force yourself to lose weight.

    You can will yourself to lose weight.

    The two are distinct. The first is a method of control, which means that without changing your will, you put in place external methods of regulating yourself. The second is how most people lose weight, which is by regulating their desire by balancing it against their desire to be thinner. It's not a diet, it's a reduction.

    All the people I know who lost weight and kept it off did so by focusing on their appetites and not rules for

    • You can force yourself to lose weight. You see, on uncle Adolf's diet in Auschwitz no one was fat. The prisoners' desire to eat was unchanged.

      It's possible to invent less drastic external methods of regulating food intake. Existing ones like stomach ligation are pretty crude, but we can invent better.

      Of course, you'd also want to provide enough non-calorie nutrition, but that's markedly easier to do than in a concentration camp.

  • by Gravis Zero ( 934156 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @05:20AM (#52074295)

    i've never bought into any of the dieting fads nor tried them because they blamed random things without the science to back it up. one fateful day last summer i watched a documentary that claimed sugars in our food were to blame but it actually had the science to back it up.

    Sugar is a drug, addictive and causes food cravings. [nih.gov] This begs the question of why we aren't going through withdraw and the answer is that sugar has been added to all your foods specifically so you do not go through withdraw. Look at your raw pasta which has zero reason to have sugar added, it has about 3g of sugar added for every 56g (2 oz).

    To make matters worse, food makers started using High Fructose Corn Syrup in products because it's inexpensive because corn is subsidized. Fructose is processed by your liver and it gets stored as fat [nih.gov] unless you have low blood sugar. so products with High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) are most likely to make you fat.

    After removing sugar from my diet (not easy to find products without sugar!) I went through a few days of withdraw. After that, I actually felt like I more energy to do things, so much so that I wanted to exercise (that was never my goal). I started walking regularly and losing weight without any crazy diet, just not eating things with sugar added. Apples are a great source of sugar that have the fiber to balance it out so that it's absorbed slowly avoiding a traffic jam in your liver.

    In the last year I have lost 65 lbs of fat and gained 15 lbs of muscle without ever having to go hungry or restrain myself from eating. I'm still overweight (for now) but I'm no longer obese.

    The food supply is being drugged to increase profits.

    • by Dagger2 ( 1177377 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @07:12AM (#52074573)

      The food supply is being drugged to increase profits.

      This, I think, is critically important. And it's not just sugar, either.

      If I'm a company that makes food, and it was possible to alter my food in some way to make it sell better -- by making it more attractive or addictive or harder to resist, or as the summary suggests, make it interfere with the brain's weight regulation controls -- then wouldn't I do that? If I can encourage or manipulate people (or their brains/bodies) to stuff themselves silly on my food, won't I sell more if I do? I don't even need to know the precise effect of my changes. If I change something, and the product sells better, who knows or even cares whether it's because the change made the food better, or whether it just made it more addictive? The sales numbers will be up either way.

      Anybody that thinks that the companies we buy our food from aren't already doing this is being silly. They have entire research departments dedicated to it.

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward

      Look at your raw pasta which has zero reason to have sugar added, it has about 3g of sugar added for every 56g (2 oz).

      Citation needed. I cannot find this on the ingredient list, after checking several.

      Are you sure you're not just complaining about the ~2g of sugar that comes from wheat germ, and is not added?

    • HFCS has pretty much the same glucose/fructose ratio as normal table sugar.

  • by umafuckit ( 2980809 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @05:40AM (#52074327)
    As a neuroscientist, I always feel a bit bad when I see headlines like "neuroscience explains X". It usually doesn't and here also it doesn't really (although that's not say the work is without merit, the blurb in the summary seems reasonable). However, neuroscience obviously doesn't tell us why people are getting so fat in the first place. This matters because it affects how to handle weight loss. I accept that different people may have different "natural weights", but this doesn't explain the steadily increasing obesity levels [boingboing.net]. Something is clearly changing with our relationship to food. Maybe it's increasing sugar levels. Maybe it's that fewer people cook and that encourages over-eating. Maybe it's increasing portion sizes. Perhaps all of those. The point is that there is a driving force to increasing obesity in the population at large, and as an overweight individual you are fighting against it (whatever it is). So if you want people to start losing weight then I reckon you need to understand very well why they're gaining it at such unprecedented levels. The food industry is, in general, not helping to clarify the issue.
  • Obligatory get off my lawn post but here it comes anyway. Back when I was young (1960's) there were fat kids but not nearly as many and some of those that were considered fat back then would not be considered so now. Our parents were bigger then the kids but not remarkably so. Most of this stark change in obesity rates has taken place in 1 generation. To me, that is the question that needs an answer. What has caused this dramatic change?
    • by Lumpy ( 12016 )

      Proliferation of fast food and over processed calorie dense prepackaged garbage passed off as food.

      • Proliferation of fast food and over processed calorie dense prepackaged garbage passed off as food.

        There is typically nothing wrong with those foods from a nutritional value. Sure, they may not always taste as good, and often they may be heavy on sugar, fat, and salt, but there is nothing inherently wrong with them if you are eating a relatively balanced diet.

        The real problem is they make eating too easy which can affect how some people eat. Eating foods you prepare yourself wastes so much time and effort that it makes it physically harder to eat, which in turn helps remove the choice of eating mor

    • by Shados ( 741919 )

      Well, for one, when your mom is single or she actually goes to work like everyone else as opposed to staying at home doing nothing else but caring for the house, having 3 home cooked meals a day becomes much more challenging. Not impossible, but you have to do some serious planning and get into pretty specific time habits to make it happen.

      So more people will resort to eating out, ordering, etc. And it goes downhill from there.

      If I'm in a rush in the morning and don't have time to patch up breakfast, my onl

  • I call BS on the NYT article ...

    I reckon the basic problem with diets is the kind of diets ... the typical "reduce by half" diet, or counting calories etc. will not work over the long run, because they are either tedious to follow, or deprive the body of necessary nutrients along with calories.

    The way out of the whole dilemma is by not reducing what you eat, but by changing your food to healthy food. And not even looking at how much of that healthy (mostly vegetables) food you eat, but rely on the relativel

    • The meat most certainly was not what made you fat. It is the fat, if you eat fatty meat, the ketchup and the french fries or other potatoes like wedges. Or the sauce.

      From the web site of Fuhrman's I can not judge how his approach works, but I guess it is similar to Montignac's method. However since he died his name is used for a "diet company's" food products, no idea what to think about that.

      The only thing relevant to not gain weight and finally lose weight is the level of insulin and sugar/fat in your blo

  • by Transcendent ( 204992 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @07:08AM (#52074561)

    This article is a load of crap that contradicts the study's conclusion:

    "those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing." ...

    "Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight."

    What they're saying is that the body will adapt to the change in calorie intake such that the person can maintain the weight loss. The NYT article makes wild and incompatible conclusions based on this very simple and narrow study.

  • If you e.g. do fasting, after a few days you have no feeling for hunger anymore.

    While it is true that the body as soon as you do a diet tries to convince you "hey you are starving, eat more! because you see: I have to burn the fat!" it should not be to hard to trick the body buy eating stuff that is hard to digest and has a relatively low amount of energy.

    For every study: why diets don't work, there are plenty of diets and studies that actually do work.

    For many people losing weight is actually not that hard

  • by pecosdave ( 536896 ) on Monday May 09, 2016 @08:41AM (#52075011) Homepage Journal

    about twelve years ago I lost 30 lbs just by deciding to. I don't know how I did it, but I decided to lose weight, decided it was going to happen, didn't change my diet or activity and 30lbs was gone in a very short period of time.

    I have been unable to do it again since gaining it back.

    I've found that when I'm stressed, mentally exhausted regularly and feel like I'm carrying the weight of the world on my shoulders I gain weight easily. When I feel unburdened and things are going great I lose weight easily. Some of it is that I'm more likely to do recreational exercise when I'm less stressed, and indeed the last time I got down to a good weight that was the case, but I can't contribute it to that every yo-yo.

He who steps on others to reach the top has good balance.

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