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Biotech Open Source Patents

Group Tries To Open Source Seeds 100

jenwike writes The Open Source Seed Initiative is a passionate group that wants to ensure their seeds are never patented, but making sure seeds are free for use and distribution by anyone isn't as easy as you might think. Part of the equation are plant characteristics, like an extended head on lettuce — is that an invention? Or, would you argue that it is the product of the collective sharing of material that improves the whole crop over time? In this report, one farmer says, "If you're not exchanging germplasm, you're cutting your own throat."
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Group Tries To Open Source Seeds

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  • by Traxton1 ( 154182 ) <Traxton1.yahoo@com> on Monday November 17, 2014 @01:16PM (#48403845)

    "If you're not exchanging germplasm, you're cutting your own throat."

    That's what I always say too! Except for here it might actually make sense.

  • by Stargoat ( 658863 ) <stargoat@gmail.com> on Monday November 17, 2014 @01:20PM (#48403897) Journal

    My people were farmers. There was a story I was told as a kid.

    A farmer went on a long journey. When he came back, he had a new corn seed. He planted it and had yields 50 bushels per acre higher he had last year and it was much higher than all his neighbors. His neighbors wanted to buy seed from the farmer. He refused to sell it to him.

    The next year, the farmer's yield was only 35 bushels per acre better than his neighbors. Every year it decreased, until his yield per acre was back at the original amount.

    The moral of the story is twofold. First, crops germinate.

    Second, a rising tide raises all boats if you let it. Just because your neighbors also have more grain doesn't mean you'll have less. With more grain, you can raise more head of cattle, have more chickens, reduce the amount of grain and begin raising vegetables. Even if the price of grain declines, the amount you can do with that grain should offset the decline.

    • Only someone who has never understood economics would get the moral of this story.
      In a competitive world you are competing against your fellow producers. If you have a competitive advantage you can produce more chickens/vegetables/cows/whatever - leaving the price of grain alone. You end up with more money. If everyone has this advantage - either the price of grain goes down (in which case everyone is back to making the same amount of money) or everyone lowers their grain production - starts to grow ve
      • by Stargoat ( 658863 ) <stargoat@gmail.com> on Monday November 17, 2014 @02:22PM (#48404579) Journal

        My degree is in economics. What you are proposing is a zero-sum game. This is not how life works.

        If you can get more grain out of a field, that will enable you to use that grain for other purposes. Cattle, chickens, etc. Your food choices increase. You can put some of the field into lumber at the same overall bushel production. Heck, you work less hard for the same number of calories. You can get a job in manufacturing perhaps. Basically, the increase in calorie production means an overall improved quality of life for both the individual farmer and the community as a whole.

        • I think you may be overestimating your knowledge of both farming and economics.

          • OK. Let me explain it another way. A technology innovation has shifted part of the production possibility frontier curb.

            • And what does your economics theory says happens to profits for an inelastic good when production increases? Or in more specific terms, during a famine (low farm production) are farmers the first or the last to go broke?

    • But... but... but... I want mine and I want it now!
    • by Charliemopps ( 1157495 ) on Monday November 17, 2014 @01:33PM (#48404053)

      Yea no...

      In farming, a rising tide tanks the commodities market and all the boats sink at the same time.

      Take a look at the price of corn over the past couple of years. First there was a drought through much of the midwest... so yields were low for corn and hay. This drove the price of feed through the roof. I saw hay going for $7 to $10 a bail... the highest I've ever seen. It was so expensive that it cost more to feed animals through the winter than the animals were worth. Farmers slaughtered their herds en-mass. That drove the price of beef through the floor, making breeders cut back on their investments. Which lead to this year, no one wanted beef cattle because the price was so low... there were already tiny herds due to the price of feed and the mass slaughter last fall... then we got record rainfall this year. As a result there's way way way too much grain this year. The price of corn is at an all time low. So low that most of the corn around here is still in the field. Farmers aren't harvesting it because the diesel to do so costs more than the corns worth.

      • >no one wanted beef cattle because the price was so low.

        Many of us don't want beef that was fed on corn anyway.

        • I'm glad you're wealthy enough that you can get prissy about what the thing you're eating, ate prior to you eating it.

          But that's not really relevent since grass fed herds were slaughtered as well. The drought affected all silage, not just corn.

          • >I'm glad you're wealthy enough that you can get prissy about what the thing you're eating

            It's nothing to do with wealth. It's to do with what cows evolved to eat.
            They eat grass in countries of all wealth levels. It's only places with bizarre corn subsidies that their primary food is corn.

            >But that's not really relevent since grass fed herds were slaughtered as well.
            And I ate some of them. Win-win, except for the cow.

            • It's nothing to do with wealth. It's to do with what cows evolved to eat.
              They eat grass in countries of all wealth levels. It's only places with bizarre corn subsidies that their primary food is corn.

              Farmers feed cows corn because it's the cheapest feed. You can argue corn subsidies all you want, I don't care.

              There are about 49 million people in this country however, that do not get regular meals due to poverty and would like beef to be as cheap as possible:
              http://www.feedingamerica.org/... [feedingamerica.org]
              I bet they would dispute your opinion of corn subsidies...

              • >I bet they would dispute your opinion of corn subsidies...

                I suspect they would prefer to not be poor over having to eat unhealthy cheap meat from unhealthy cows fed an unhealthy cow-diet.

    • Second, a rising tide raises all boats if you let it.

      If you let it. I think the people in this project are concerned about corporations suing the neighbors who 'illegally use' their patented seeds.

      • Maybe people shouldn't be illegally using patented seeds then? You can buy seeds from literally hundreds of vendors. If you don't like seed contracts, don't sign them. Farmers do buy them and sign the contracts because they make them more money.

        If you're talking about "accidental contamination" like Percy Schmeiser, stop watching propaganda documentaries and try reading about the actual cases. There was nothing "accidental" about them.

    • The next year, the farmer's yield was only 35 bushels per acre better than his neighbors. Every year it decreased, until his yield per acre was back at the original amount.

      I'm not surprised.

      Corn demands fertile soil, consistent moisture and warm weather.

      Corn is a heavy feeder - particularly of nitrogen - and may require several sidedressings of fertilizer for best yields. Look for signs of nutrient deficiency. Purple-tinged leaves are a sign of phosphorus deficiency. Pale green leaves are a sign of nitrogen deficiency.

      Sweet corn [cornell.edu]

      A farmer went on a long journey.

      or more likely to the nearest agricultural supply house or freight depot, where American farmers have been taking delivery of seed from commercial growers since before the Civil War.

      Ferry-Morse can be traced back to 1856, Burpee to 1876.

    • If he had an ounce of sense he would have sold the seed to every farmer he could find sold his farm then shorted corn in the commodities market and retired.

    • First, crops germinate.

      That word does not mean what you think it does.

    • A rising tide may not lift all boats. Let's say that rather than giving your hybrid to all neighbors, you give it to the world. Now everyone in the world raises yields by 50 bpa. And now, you've glutted the market and the price per bushel is so low no one makes a profit, so the farmers go bust. Or the farmers agree to destroy commodities to keep the price up. That happened with dairy products during the great depression. Dairy farmers produced too much, prices collapsed, farmers could no longer buy feed for

  • Plant patents were originally only intended to apply to non-sexual reproduction. Courts changed that in 2001, Congress remained silent, and no president seems to have made this a big issue when appointing judges.

    Congress and the executive are condoning the creeping extension of the patent system while at the same time shoving billions in the hands of big agribusinesses. Like 1984's "two minutes of hate", the anti-corporate talk by many politicians is just a distraction from the reality that it is they thems

  • I don't know about seed sourcing, but I would buy a sausage from that guy. Onna stick.
  • More power to you (Score:5, Interesting)

    by asliarun ( 636603 ) on Monday November 17, 2014 @01:32PM (#48404051)

    As an interested lay person, I'm thrilled to hear about this initiative. Not to sound ungrateful, but I would really really wish and hope that
    - This initiative will always retain the bazaar mindset, and not get bogged down by bureaucracy
    - This initiative will spread into the continents where this is needed the most - Asia and Africa.
    - The options for seeds grows beyond vegetables and into grains and other basic nutrition foods. Ref: http://www.opensourceseediniti... [opensource...iative.org]
    - They use this platform to spread awareness and accessibility to some of the really hardy native crops in various parts of the world that are dying out. Many of these are naturally drought and pest resistant, grow very easily, and in some cases, have much better nutritional value than many of the foods that are today more fashionable.

    The moringa plant, for example.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    To compare (an example):
    100 grams of moringa leaves has 9.3 g protein, 434 mg calcium, 738 g vitamin A, and 164 mg vitamin C
    100 grams of spinach leaves has 2.9 g protein, 99 mg calcium, 469 g vitamin A, and 28 mg vitamin C

    And this tree grows even in a desert. But I don't want to goo offtopic. This was just an example.

    My only hope is that a platform like this - can and should - make knowledge and seeds accessible to all. We can literally solve world hunger and world health by doing this.

    • Where your link to moringa is interesting - Looking at the production of it, it sure doesn't seem like you get a lot of density in a given acre of production. For example, lets compare the nutrients produced from one acre of muringa vs. one acre of spinach (rice/wheat/corn). How many pounds of leaves can you get out of an acre of moringa, and how intense is the labor to get that acre harvested vs. one acre of spinach?
      There is a reason that we grow the crops that we do - they can be grown very densely, w
      • Re:More power to you (Score:5, Interesting)

        by asliarun ( 636603 ) on Monday November 17, 2014 @02:09PM (#48404461)

        Where your link to moringa is interesting - Looking at the production of it, it sure doesn't seem like you get a lot of density in a given acre of production. For example, lets compare the nutrients produced from one acre of muringa vs. one acre of spinach (rice/wheat/corn). How many pounds of leaves can you get out of an acre of moringa, and how intense is the labor to get that acre harvested vs. one acre of spinach?

        There is a reason that we grow the crops that we do - they can be grown very densely, with the least amount of fertilizer, insecticide, water as possible as those things all take money to provide. There is also a need for the minimum amount of labor to plant, maintain and harvest the crops.

        You make a good point. But I wonder if the food we grow are always based on scientifically optimal choices or often based on other factors. Like one crop being grown more widely because it commands a higher price. Or changing food habits and inordinate preference to certain grains and veggies.

        The other thing to consider is access to information and access to grains. Are we growing or not growing (a crop like muringa) because of an informed decision, or because most of the world is not even aware of these options?

        Other things to consider are that plants like muringa will grow in most places where you wouldn't dream of growing spinach. This is not just a third world problem. Even in most developed countries, good access to irrigation and "the right climate" are often deal breakers.

        Finally, I find the tree (perennials that live for many years) vs plant (that typically die on every harvest) debate - an interesting one. It is something I feel that we need to focus on more deeply. Is it really an optimal choice to grow a plant from scratch every year? Could a tree or a perennial shrub provide better long term nutritional returns? Isn't a mature tree far hardier and less susceptible to crop loss?

        Mind you, I am not saying you are wrong. All I am saying is that we definitely need more awareness about more such options, better access to seeds and how to grow them in different climatic and soil conditions. And more informed debates. And we really need to discuss this far more than Kim Kardashian's buttocks.

        • by Pope ( 17780 )

          Is it really an optimal choice to grow a plant from scratch every year? Could a tree or a perennial shrub provide better long term nutritional returns? Isn't a mature tree far hardier and less susceptible to crop loss?

          Fruit/nut trees also take a long time to come to maturity, like 5-10 years per tree. All that time, they're not producing a sellable product.

          Mature tree crops fall hard to disease all the time. Oranges, for one, spring to mind.

          Better to grow a variety of things.

          • Re:More power to you (Score:4, Informative)

            by asliarun ( 636603 ) on Tuesday November 18, 2014 @01:35PM (#48412409)

            Is it really an optimal choice to grow a plant from scratch every year? Could a tree or a perennial shrub provide better long term nutritional returns? Isn't a mature tree far hardier and less susceptible to crop loss?

            Fruit/nut trees also take a long time to come to maturity, like 5-10 years per tree. All that time, they're not producing a sellable product.

            Mature tree crops fall hard to disease all the time. Oranges, for one, spring to mind.

            Better to grow a variety of things.

            FYI, there is a lot of research being done in trying to make perennial versions of many of the grains and vegetables we currently eat.

            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

        • But I wonder if the food we grow are always based on scientifically optimal choices or often based on other factors. Like one crop being grown more widely because it commands a higher price. Or changing food habits and inordinate preference to certain grains and veggies.

          As a gardener, I can tell you that there is a surprising amount we don't know about the things we grow. Every time I start working on learning to grow a new fruit or vegetable I rediscover this.

          For example, take strawberries. The conventional wisdom is that a strawberry plant will bear well for a few years, then needs to be replaced. And yet I hear people claiming that they have strawberry patches which they've basically done nothing to maintain, which have produced lots of fruit for decades. As far as

    • So, as soon as we "solve" world hunger, humans will irresponsibly reproduce until there are too many *again*. Somehow, I don't think you thought your cunning plan all the way through.

      The problem isn't "enough food" the problem is "too many humans". Increasing the food supply just increases the number of humans.

    • 100 grams of moringa leaves has ... 738 g vitamin A

      Great Scott! Over 700% of the weight of the plant is vitamin A!

    • by tomhath ( 637240 )
      The problem in countries you mention isn't buying modern seeds. The problem is that the market for agricultural products is controlled by a few well connected cartels who keep farm prices artificially low; if those farmers could sell at a fair price they would be doing fine with the larger crops.
  • Patents have a limited span, no? When the patent runs out, it's anybody's game. So, what's the problem?

    • Patents have a limited span, no? When the patent runs out, it's anybody's game. So, what's the problem?

      Pedants have a limited life span too.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    During the depression of the last century many members of the communities were "marks" ( a mark on the fence or tree at the end of a drive where a human could find work, shelter and most importantly a meal without questions or judgements or sermons or any encumbrance) The faith in the inherent goodness of human kind is all that was asked.

    Perhaps the seeds of our toils are of greater import than seeds of gold with shackles attached that are currently being horded away by some people and their corporate cons

    • I wasn't aware of the Mennonite practice, but I know that hobos used to "mark" houses all over North America this way. If you gave one hobo a sandwich, others would eventually show up who had never actually met the first hobo or talked to anyone about it; they learned of your generosity by seeing the mark he had left at the start of your property. They used various chalk marks, piles of stones, bent branches etc. to designate "generous folks"/"work available"/"stay away, they are nuts"/"good for one meal" a

  • If you have a seed people are going to want (more than say RoundUpReady or whatever is patented, etc) you're going to have to do some genetic modifications either through breeding or more direct/exotic methods.

    But as soon as it starts working or having value the FDA will start asking for records about what you started with, unusual behavior, how much revenue you are making, what your prayers are like, and which political organizations you are affiliated with. Their buddies in the EPA, IRS will soon see y
  • This is a good place to discuss the seed banks around the world where the genetic diversity of endangered (and extinct) plants is protected. I'm not expert but perhaps you are.

    Also, it seems that the opensourceseedinitiative site hasn't seen any activity for many months. Are they endangered too?

  • Patents last 20 years. All of todays seeds will eventually be public domain. Problem will solve itself by doing nothing.
    • by gweilo8888 ( 921799 ) on Monday November 17, 2014 @06:38PM (#48406895)
      Except that as soon as one patent nears expiration, another slightly differing patent that still covers the same item is filed for and granted. And you'd be a fool to assume that patents will stay at 20 years when our politicians are completely corrupt and have a revolving-door system with the very corporations the public needs protection from. Lobbying (read: legalized bribery) makes it likely that the scope of patents will continue to expand, just as the scope of copyright does.
  • http://www.seedsavers.org/ [seedsavers.org] "Seed Savers Exchange is a non-profit organization dedicated to saving and sharing heirloom seeds. Since 1975, our members have been passing on our garden heritage by collecting and distributing thousands of samples of rare garden seeds to other gardeners. "

  • What is a "source seed"? And how do you open them? (I guess they didn't know, that's why they "tried" to open them.)

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