LHC Powers Up To 4 TeV 142
An anonymous reader writes "Due to a decision made at Chamonix, the LHC will operate with a 4 TeV beam energy in 2012. This will allow them to collect as much data as possible (15 inverse femtobarns for ATLAS and CMS) before the whole accelerator complex gets shut down for about 20 months to prepare for even higher energies. 'By the time the LHC goes into its first long stop at the end of this year, we will either know that a Higgs particle exists or have ruled out the existence of a Standard Model Higgs,' said CERN's Research Director, Sergio Bertolucci. 'Either would be a major advance in our exploration of nature, bringing us closer to understanding how the fundamental particles acquire their mass, and marking the beginning of a new chapter in particle physics.'"
Hmm (Score:3, Insightful)
That is a fairly large amount of energy, and the benefit to science seems substantial... neat!
I hope they find success within the 124 to 126 GeV range.
Re:Hmm (Score:4, Funny)
I surely hope so. I'm still waiting for that CERN engineered black hole!
Re:Hmm (Score:5, Funny)
Noooo, the Romulans are the ones that use an artificial singularity in their warp drives, we need a drunk madman with a nuclear delivery vehicle.
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madman with a nuclear delivery vehicle.
Ok, Pizza hut or Domino's?
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I am still pretty sure that large hadrons are the stuff of science fiction.
It's almost certainly there (Score:5, Interesting)
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This... (Score:3)
Due to a decision made at Chamonix, the LHC will operate with a 4 TeV beam energy in 2012.
Is a lot of energy. In fact, I think it is what the Mayans were talking about.
Re:Hmm (Score:4, Insightful)
That is a fairly large amount of energy
It's the amount of kinetic energy in a baseball traveling at about 7 inches per minute
True, but that is 4 TeV per proton. With trillions of those things going around the ring at the same time, the energy gets to be rather significant.
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Holy fuck, you could almost feel that impact from one proton.
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True, but that is 4 TeV per proton. With trillions of those things going around the ring at the same time, the energy gets to be rather significant.
One trillion times 4 TeV gives... about enough energy to boil four pints of water (depending on starting temperature, US vs UK pints, etc...). Anyone for tea? :)
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Yeah, but good luck when you get hit by a billion of these ;)
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In other words: the energy stored in the LHC beam is on the order of kinetic energy of a modern passenger jet somewhere above stall speed. If it'd dump in a small spot, you'd get a nice crater.
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It's a fsck of a lot of energy to have in a *single subatomic particle*. The Planck energy, for example, you could say on the same token "is only the amount of chemical energy in a tank of gas in a typical car". But all that energy carried by a single subatomic particle... it's rather more concentrated.
Re:Hmm (Score:5, Interesting)
Yeah, PER PROTON. Want to read about the "beam dumps" LHC uses to dissipate the beam's energy when they need to remove it from the accelerator ring?
http://lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch/lhc-machine-outreach/components/beam-dump.htm [web.cern.ch]
"Each beam dump absorber consists of a 7m long segmented carbon cylinder of 700mm diameter, contained in a steel cylinder, comprising the dump core (TDE). This is water cooled, and surrounded by about 750 tonnes of concrete and iron shielding. The dump is housed in a dedicated cavern (UD) at the end of the transfer tunnels (TD). "
"The nominal LHC beam contains an unprecedented stored energy of 350 MJ, contained in 2808 bunches with a beam sigma of the order of 0.3 mm."
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So that look really cool and all, but I'd like to know, what if they diverted the beam and did not have the the "beam dump" on the end? What would the proton's do?
Re:Hmm (Score:4, Interesting)
Here it is: (http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/cms/?pid=1000570)
----8----
The art of dumping
Say a magnet quenches, too much beam goes off course, or—the most likely yet least dramatic scenario—the beams have lost too many protons during normal collisions and scientists need to load a fresh set. What happens to the old beams? Even at the ends of their usual 10-hour life spans they still hold 200 megajoules of energy that can't be sent just anywhere.
“This beam is not a danger by itself,” Schmidt says, “but the fact that it can deposit its energy in a tenth of a thousandth of a second makes it dangerous to the machine.”
When the time comes, the beams are extracted, or dumped, into two huge cylindrical blocks. Eight meters long, one meter in diameter, and made of graphite composites encased in concrete, they are the only thing that can withstand the full power of the beam. But first the beam has to be diffused, because in its compressed form it would drill a hole tens of meters long in any material.
So as the beams pass out of the LHC, they spread out and hit the blocks in a shape that resembles a cursive “e.” The dump takes just eighty-millionths of a second, dilutes the energy of the beam by a factor of 100,000 and heats the center of the lines that make up the “e” to almost 700C.
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And here is a throughout description of the beam dump interaction (i.e. what happens to whatever the LHC hits with a 7TeV beam):
http://lsag.web.cern.ch/lsag/BeamdumpInteraction.pdf
It will start a nice fire, indeed. Heh. But all that concrete is there because protons scattering when they hit something are really annoying to electronics, and not safe to someone that takes too many of them (by standing just to the side of the beam target).
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Probably the best way of looking at it; 360MJ can instantly flash boil about 500 or so gallons of water. Which, since your body is 80% water, and you weigh maybe 200 pounds? Would be enough to instantaniously flash boil YOU!
Oh, so it's a Disruptor set on 'max'. You could've just said that.
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To give a sense of scale:
1MJ is roughly the energy in a car at highway speed.
10MJ is roughly the energy in a 55kg round fired from a tank at 600 m/s
350MJ is roughly the energy in a 767 as it lands, or a small jet at cruise speed.
350MJ is roughly the energy in 3200 pounds of TNT.
That's pretty scary. I'd never considered how careful you'd have to be just shutting the thing off.
Funding (Score:5, Funny)
They could easily double their funding if they told the US military there may be a way to weaponize the Higgs. Or at least they could call it a black hole gun. It might be hard to find a ship large enough to mobilize it.
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Neutrino cannons FTW!
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Lasers use massless ammunition.
Of course the massless laser generator might be a little hard to engineer.
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would you like to know more... [slashdot.org]
The Susskind lectures on youtube have gotten me through the relevant mathematics. I'd link it but typing out html links is a real bitch on the ipod!
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REST-massless ammunition. Which is what the Higgs theoretically grants to particles, and is also the only kind of mass which physicists talk about these days since 'relativistic mass' has fallen out of favor.
Happy now?
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"When particles are moving, relativistic mass provides a very economical description that absorbs the particles' motion naturally." -- Baez.
Okay, so after googling [ucr.edu] John Baer, it turns out that there's different views on the subject. And the last physicist to 'correct' me for using the term was a jerk for only pointing to resources that said relativistic mass shouldn't be used any more.
Personally whether physicists want to use it or not (and I liked Baer's explanation for why they should), at the very least it's highly useful for relating to newbies since relativistic mass is the value that relates most closely to classical mass in that it is w
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Mass is just one of the forms of energy. Conventional ammunition uses kinetic energy. Lasers use massless artificially excited photons as ammunition, and are very effective at "burning through" armour that has mass.
At the same time if it were possible to devise fully massless highly energetic energy flux, it would likely make a far better armour then anything with mass ever could achieve (i.e. "shields).
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Those were just the pissed off souls of those killed by the ark. Which in turn are used to kill more people. Keep on using the ark to have a more powerful ark. Well as long as people watch it. Having a powerful weapon rendered useless by simple closing your eyes is funny. The same could be said for Medusa. Does watching the ark via a mirror not kill you? Who ever has the ark please test that out.
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Having a powerful weapon rendered useless by simple closing your eyes is funny.
The weapon wasn't rendered useless. The weapon was simply selectively killing those that chose to look upon the opened ark, and sparing those chose not to.
It was no more "rendered useless" than an infantry unit deciding not to shoot civilians who lay on the ground unarmed. Its not that lying on the ground unarmed renders M16s unable to kill them, but rather that the intelligence behind the M16s is only interested in killing comba
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Ark - meets design requirements.
Signed-off-by: God
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Welcome to slashdot. Critical thinking skills need not apply to the majority anymore.
Welcome to Slashdot where critical thinking skills are applied to fictitious representations of God's power as a literal 'Deus ex Machina",
and The irony level is over 9000...
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Those were just the pissed off souls of those killed by the ark. Which in turn are used to kill more people. Keep on using the ark to have a more powerful ark. Well as long as people watch it. Having a powerful weapon rendered useless by simple closing your eyes is funny. The same could be said for Medusa. Does watching the ark via a mirror not kill you? Who ever has the ark please test that out.
But to answer the GPP's question we must ask this... do souls have mass? If so they must have Higgs bosons.
And if the ark kills by unleashing the souls of those that were killed by it, how did the first person get killed by it? Perhaps they dropped it on top of some poor sucker/s to seed the weapon?
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Perhaps they dropped it on top of some poor sucker/s to seed the weapon?
All pumps need priming...
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do souls have mass?
Currently there is research on that very question.
Also, does data have mass? Also being measured!
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do souls have mass?
Currently there is research on that very question.
Also, does data have mass? Also being measured!
Well, Catholics have mass, so...
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Soon there will be a new type of legal defense...the god-particle told me to do it, your honor.
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I'm amazed the rest of the world hasn't figured out the true purpose of the Large Hadron Cannon... er, I mean Collider, yet. Everyone else is going to look pretty stupid with their 1960s lasers when our particles travel FASTER than the speed of light!
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I have read that book. It did not turn out well for the LHC or the Axis.
Uncertainty (Score:2)
Re:Uncertainty (Score:5, Funny)
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Good timing (Score:5, Insightful)
By the time the LHC goes into its first long stop at the end of this year, we will either know that a Higgs particle exists or have ruled out the existence of a Standard Model Higgs
If the scientists have any sense of humour at all, they will schedule the final test at maximum power for December 21st, 2012.
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Yes! Please yes!
I actually choked on my coffee a bit when I read this!
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That would be the best joke ever...
Well, not quite as funny as slipping a spring-loaded Mars Bar onto the Mars Rover just before launch ... but still pretty funny. Would love to see them do it.
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Best troll evah! (Score:3)
I couldn't resist. I just e-mailed them a suggestion to do it on December 21st. I bet they won't but it's worth a try.
Even if they only announce that date and play along with it for a month or so ... it would still be the Best Troll Evah!
PS: What's Brian Cox's email? I bet he'd do it.
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Yawn... (Score:1)
Wake me up when they get to 11.
THC (Score:4, Funny)
Re:THC (Score:5, Funny)
They did, and it's rated at 4 Tev (Totally excellent Vibes).
Re:THC (Score:5, Funny)
Don't bogart the bosons, maaan!
Standard Slashdot Response (Score:1)
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"Yawn. Wake me when it gets to 10 Tev."
*sigh*
My collider goes to 11.
Waiting Game (Score:1)
I was thinking about an argument I had with someone a long time ago, what it was about wasn't important but.... answering which version of events was true was only going to be settled by the word of a third party....who was still sleeping. I remember coming to the realisation that only one thing would solve our dispute... I remember waiting for that person to show up with the truth....
I wonder now how maddening it must be. Every time I read of these things I think of that.... weeks here, a month there, pred
One bit more... (Score:2, Flamebait)
From TFS:
'Either would be a major advance in our exploration of nature, bringing us closer to understanding how the fundamental particles acquire their mass, and marking the beginning of a new chapter in particle physics.'
I can't help but point out that knowing if the Higgs exists will increase our information about the universe by a maximum of 1 bit. (Knowing its mass and decay modes probably would give us more like a dozen or two bits of information - more than 1 bit but still not much.)
Particle physics
Re:One bit more... (Score:5, Insightful)
That's only true if you're of the belief that knowledge in and of itself isn't a commodity worth having for a given price. That's certainly not an interpretation of things I subscribe to.
You're point isn't invalid by any stretch, it is in fact the core of a very good argument. But it's one I'd argue against strenuously. In fact, I'd argue that every step towards a total understanding of our universe, no matter how small the step, is worth virtually any cost placed on it. The toys we may sacrifice as a result of that pursuit is more than a worthy tradeoff to make. The knowing in the end is its own best reward.
I'd also hold that over the long-term all those 1 bit advancements in knowledge pay us back tenfold or better. Think of the relatively minor advances in knowledge that pure science and experimentation had to provide before we could invent the transistor, and then think about all the benefits that invention has led to. I think it'd be nearly impossible to argue that ratio isn't magnificent. Sure, I can't say knowing whether the Higgs is real or not would have a similar outcome, but nor can anyone say for sure it won't. Therefore, the only option is to proceed down the path of discovery and pay the opportunity cost along the way in the hope that a similar situation to the transistor might arise.
I make the same type of argument for human exploration of space. As easy as it is to argue against such ventures on the basis of cost and risk and other things, the benefit we may derive from it, not only on incidental technological invention but in pure knowledge that we can only guess at, is worth it no matter what the cost. At least, it is to me.
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In fact, I'd argue that every step towards a total understanding of our universe, no matter how small the step, is worth virtually any cost placed on it.
I agree with you 100%, but my application of this sentiment differs from yours. It's a shame when only a few dozen bits are discovered when the same effort could have lead to enormous gains in other fields. That's why I encourage scientists away from particle physics and into other areas like biophysics, nonlinear physics, fluid dynamics, bioengineering, neuroscience, machine intelligence and applied mathematics.
The only way the LHC makes sense is if you believe one bit of particle physics knowledge is wo
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I agree with you 100%, but my application of this sentiment differs from yours. It's a shame when only a few dozen bits are discovered when the same effort could have lead to enormous gains in other fields.
The only way the LHC makes sense is if you believe one bit of particle physics knowledge is worth millions of times more than one bit of neuroscience knowledge, since there might be a million to one ratio of understanding per effort spent.
Even the single bit of "Does the SM Higgs exist?" has far greater implications than just "1 bit of information" implies. And we will learn farm more than a 'few dozen' bits of information from the LHC.
Those bits may not be a million times more important than knowledge gained in other fields -- then again they may be. Many of the fields you might think are more important are only possible because of fundamental physics discovered earlier. When one bit of knowledge is a prerequisite for finding another, th
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I think you're completely wrong.
Here's my objection : when you're talking about spending resources towards advancing technology and knowledge, WHERE you choose to spend the money is of immense importance. Putting 20 billion towards something that only advances human knowledge a tiny bit (like exploration of subatomic particles that are not separable without exotic energy states) is a bad idea if there are other things the 20 billion could be spent on to get more useful results.
For example, instead of resea
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For example, instead of researching the basic nature of matter, we could be trying to build self-replicating nanoscale machinery
That would be engineering, not science. You don't learn anything about nature by doing that.
And we do spend a hell of a lot more on almost everything than particle physics. When I worked in the field, the budget for particle physics and astronomy was less than 0.02% or so of GDP for my country.
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I guess from my (admittedly biased) perspective, developing something that let you have more of EVERYTHING more easily and cheaply is a better investment than a moonshot effort that has no known payoff at all.
Self-replicating nanoscale machinery would be a risky effort that might result in enormous gains, but better robotics and machine intelligence and more infrastructure are all lower risk investments that definitely improve material wealth.
do you have your Crowbars ready? (Score:2)
do you have your Crowbars ready?
Collision energy 8 TeV (Score:2)
Nobody mentioned it yet, but the 4 TeV is the energy per proton, so the energy of each collision is 8 TeV. 2011 operated at 7 TeV.
Re:Hyperbole (Score:5, Insightful)
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This sounds like a job for Donald Rumsfeld:
There are known knowns; there are things we know we know.
We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know.
But there are also unknown unknowns – there are things we do not know we don't know.
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I liked his poetry better than his ethics... the aspartame intervention [swankin-turner.com] at the FDA is like a textbook example of regulatory capture and abuse of power.
You're right, though, he was a poet...
You're going to be told lots of things.
You get told things every day that don't happen.
It doesn't seem to bother people, they don't--
It's printed in the press.
The world thinks all these things happen.
They never happened.
Everyone's so eager to get the story
Before in fact the story's there
That the world is constantly being
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Get strict enough, and I don't even Know if I exist. I might be a very stubborn delusion of someone's day dream.
Apparently, if that is so, it must be a very boring day dream.
Re:Hyperbole (Score:5, Insightful)
My pet peeve with the use of "know" in relation to science stems from the public confusion as to what science can and cannot absolutely know.
Thanks to overstating the abilities of science to prove something, juries now expect DNA evidence in trivial cases, the discussion of competing theories is seen as indecision, and a scientist who accurately states a probability is often portrayed as inconclusive. By substituting "have compelling evidence" in place of "know", scientists could make accurate statements and educate the public at the same time.
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Thanks to overstating the abilities of science to prove something, juries now expect DNA evidence in trivial cases,
That's CSI's fault, not scientists'.
By substituting "have compelling evidence" in place of "know", scientists could make accurate statements and educate the public at the same time.
But there's a quantitative difference between those things. We have compelling evidence for the existence of Dark Matter, or the KT impactor. We know neutrinos, W&Z bosons, and quarks exist with a degree of certainty that makes it bizarre to say anything but "know". The evidence is beyond compelling.
Seems to me like using the same terms to refer to a broad range of evidence is more likely to cause confusion. It could falsely imply that a rock-solid scientific fact
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juries now expect DNA evidence in trivial cases
Hey, if the TV can help people understand the power that they have as juries to nullify the law, then I'm all for it. Of course, that's not what you're saying, but one can dream...
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we can say that we KNOW massive objects behave in a manner predicted by Newton's laws of motion to a degree of accuracy.
we can say that we KNOW in certain situations (extreme gravity, or whatnot) that these objects diverge from the behavior predicted by Newtonian physics and we have to whip out the Einsteinian maths to get a similar result, but one that agrees with reality to a far greater degree of accuracy.
that doesn't mean we KNOW these laws are correct, just that they agree with observation up to the li
He didn't say that (Score:5, Insightful)
And in any case it wouldn't be hyperbole. If I've told you once, I've told you a million times, hyperbole is wild exaggeration for rhetorical effect. Claiming that something is 100% reliable rather than, say, 99.5%, is not hyperbole. It is just slight overstatement.
Now please remove yourself from my philosophical lawn.
Re:He didn't say that (Score:5, Insightful)
The difference between "know" and "believe" is that belief exists independent of evidence, whereas knowledge is somehow grounded in experience.
Knowledge is justified true belief. ~Socrates
Most people's beliefs - be they religious, political, ideological or just mere opinion - are somehow grounded in some sort of experience. It's not like most believers in XYZ religion are want to take a Kiergegaardean leap of faith. They usually will give you reasons why they think their beliefs are true. It's not like YEC think there is no evidence the world is only 6-10k years old. In fact, the will try and argue that the science really supports them. Same with Global Warming denialists, ancient alien buffs, and alternative medicine promoters.
It would be strange indeed if a person's beliefs had nothing to do with experience. They may be wrong about what their experience constitutes, but it is a ground for believing nonetheless.
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Some belief is just groupthink. One person makes an assetion. Some people pick it up and repeat the same assertion. More people pick it up. They repeat the assertion, affirming it of the first group. It quickly becomes a vicious cycle of affirmation. Before long, the assertion becomes true irrespective of reality, and no amount of proof or evidence otherwise can dissuade the believers. A great example of this is Bush's (or really, Karl Rove's) "swift boat" campaign ads against Kerry. Another is Obama's birt
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"When a mind does not *know* itself, it is flawed. When a mind is flawed, the man is flawed. When a man is flawed, that which he touches is flawed. It is said that what a flawed man sees, his hands make broken."
- Dak'kon, from Planescape:Torment
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Well, I would strike the word "true" from the Socrates statement.
The problem with this is that all knowledge should be seen as tentative because we cannot separate the model we build from our understanding of what we are modelling. Every scientific theory is a model, and every scientific theory will probably be superceded by a different one at some point. So what we mean by truth in science is about predictive value, not about ontological value.
So for example, Newtonian gravity is true. It has predictive
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Did Aristarchos of Samos know in the 3rd century BC that the earth revolved around the sun? If not, did the Greeks who argued against him by saying: "If the Earth revolves around the Sun, we should see parallax motion of the stars. We don't see parallax motion of the stars. Therefore, the Earth does not revolve around the Sun." know better than him? (The reason they couldn't see parallax motion was that their instruments weren't sensitive enough...)
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Or your average software engineer.
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Falling off is a feature, not a bug :)
Re:Hyperbole (Score:5, Insightful)
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While I don't disagree with Gould regarding the issue of physics in classrooms, I really think it would be better to keep the epistemology clear and well-taught and stop talking about scientific facts outside of the fact that "so-and-so observed such-and-such and this is the data that was recorded."
The fact is that we consistently observe apples falling. We model this using various gravitational models (relativistic, Newtonian, etc). Only an idiot might say that if he drops an apple it won't fall as the
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No, we will not "know that a Higgs particle exists". We may have an incredibly strong indication that it does, enough to strongly believe it exists, but we will not know with 100% certainty that the particle exists, the experiments were infallible, and the data was accurate.
Given that I cannot know with 100% certainty that the keyboard I'm typing on right now exists, I'm willing to allow that there's a certain vernacular usage of the word "know" that does not imply the absolutely impossible: 100% certainty. But thanks for stating the bleeding obvious...
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If you want to go down that lane, you have to start at the real problem, we cannot be sure that "we" exist the way we think we exist. As all observations made by us are based on assumption that "we" exist, we can never be certain of anything based on what we observe.
As a result we can never be certain of anything. At all. However we can be "reasonably certain", and this is one such case.
Re:Hyperbole (Score:4, Interesting)
Why do we need to know anything to an absolute 100% certainty?
The difference between 99.99999999999% and 100% certainty is not relevant when it comes to believing that something exists.
Re:Hyperbole (Score:5, Insightful)
for most people, the difference between 0% and 99% certainty is not relevant when it comes to believing that something exists.
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Hate to be that 1% because you can't know anything given that definition which makes the word entirely useless.
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To be fair we don't know that with one hundred percent certainty that you exist. You might be a bot that passes the Turing test.
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So, yes we would "know". It's your mis-understanding of the definition of the word. Not everyone else's that's the problem here.
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