Ice Lake on Mars 374
DecoDragon writes "The ESA's Mars Express discovered an ice lake on Mars. The ESA has a number of images and an explanation of what was found. The lake was found in an unnamed crater. The report says it can't be carbon dioxide, because carbon dioxide ice had already disappeared from the northern polar cap at the time the image was taken." Coverage from the BBC also available. From the article: "The team has also been able to detect faint traces of water ice along the rim of the crater and on the crater walls. Mars is covered with deep gorges, apparently carved out by rivers and glaciers, although most of the water vanished millions of years ago. "
Cool... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Cool... (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Cool... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Cool... (Score:5, Informative)
It'd be nice if there was some more marks on the axes, but you can see that somewhere below one atmosphere of pressure, you can get directly from ice to vapor.
Re:Cool... (Score:2)
Re:Cool... (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Cool... (Score:5, Informative)
You probably have water sublimating in your very own house, in fact. We call it freezer burn.
Pressure is a factor (Score:4, Informative)
When you decrease the atmospheric pressure, you change the freezing and boiling point of water. Under pressure, water favors being a liquid. Without such pressure, the melting point and boiling point would come closer together.
For more info see this PDF [usu.edu] (in particular, figure 5.1). It illustrates the triple point [wikipedia.org].
HI-RES? (Score:4, Funny)
Size: 13,100 kb
How big do you want to make it!? Good thing they are on a phat pipe or
Re:HI-RES? (Score:2)
Re:HI-RES? (Score:3, Informative)
Another decent overview [oreillynet.com] is available at O'Reilly.
2000's lossy mode is superior to jpg as well.
Re:HI-RES? (Score:2)
http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMGKA80
And they include a super-high-res version of that too.
Colonies? (Score:5, Interesting)
Yes. (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Colonies? (Score:5, Funny)
Don't be silly (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Colonies? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Colonies? (Score:2)
Re:Colonies? (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Colonies? (Score:3, Insightful)
Considering we'd have to, at the very least, carry a lot of hydrogen along with us to do the same things, this is very, very good news.
Re:Colonies? (Score:3, Funny)
Not quite yet, but it does make exploration a lot easier. The water can be used to make rocket fuel, air to breathe, hydrogen or methane for fuel, irrigate crops, flush toilets and drink.
Could you please put "drink" on the list before "flush toilets"? Thanks.
Re:No (Score:3, Funny)
Re:No (Score:2, Funny)
This would almost certainly involve infrared radiation. We certainly don't want to get involved with radiation: it is deadly and it will turn us into mutants! Besides, I don't think you will want to transform this frozen lake with heat. This process typically produces a lethal substance known as dihydrogen monoxide [ffd2.com]
Re:No (Score:2, Funny)
This is not news! (Score:5, Funny)
Here's the photo: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050401.html [nasa.gov]
Re:This is not news! (Score:5, Informative)
What is NOT mentioned, though... (Score:4, Informative)
Assuming that meteorites strike Mars fairly evenly, it should be possible to guess how old the ice lake is. It is certainly newer than the crater it is in (duh!) and from the lack of craters on the ice or in the crater the ice is in, there must be a very definite upper limit to how old it can be.
There are two possible sources for the water (an issue the ESA and NASA don't really discuss on their sites): We know there's an underground ice lake, for a start. It is possible that when the impact occured, it burst through to such a lake, melting the water temporarily. The water would reach the surface and re-freeze.
The second possibility is that the surface has indeed been warm enough for liquid water, despite evidence from those with martian meteorites. This is possible, as the meteorites may well have been from a cold part of Mars. It could well be that Mars couldn't -sustain- warm temperatures, so warm regions were geologically active regions. Water takes finite time to freeze, especially when flowing, allowing for water-formed features even outside regions that would have sustained liquid water.
The latter explanation would be great for those looking for life, but the ice-spray on the rim of the crater, along with the bulge of land under the ice, is more indicitive of the former. Rats!
Re:This is not news! (Score:2)
And for missions that need year(s) to actually get there, a week or two doesnt make it old
When can I move there? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:When can I move there? (Score:4, Funny)
Except for, you know...the sub zero temperatures and the lack of oxygen and all...
Re:When can I move there? (Score:2)
With, technically it could be done today. Practically speaking, it will probably take 30 plus years.
Without, hundreds if not thousands of years. And by that time we (as a continually developing technological species) will probably outgrow the need for a planet to live on (or destroy ourselves first)...
Obl. Futurama reference. (Score:2)
Re:Obl. Futurama reference. (Score:2)
Mr. Wong: We own whole Western hemisphere. That good hemisphere.
Prof. Farnsworth: It's the same way on Earth.
Re:When can I move there? (Score:5, Insightful)
Odds are, we could live on Mars right now -- learning to grow crops could take some work, but everything else is actually fairly straightforward. You can make bricks from the soil, make O2 from the atmosphere, mine water out of the soil, etc.
Now, when *will* we live on Mars is something else. The answer is pretty much either "a couple of years after a major government decides it's worthwhile" or, more likely, "a few years after we find some way to make money by doing so".
Re:When can I move there? (Score:3, Insightful)
Of course, Senator Joe Doofus just sees that
Two words (Score:2)
Re:When can I move there? (Score:4, Informative)
When NASA discovers oil on Mars (Score:2)
Truthfully, it will happen when the benefits outweigh the costs. That doesn't mean we can't explore. I just don't see a need to stay.
Re:When can I move there? (Score:2)
Amazing Photos (Score:5, Funny)
What's more... (Score:5, Funny)
how did we miss that before? (Score:4, Interesting)
and if it wasn't there a few years ago, where did it come from?
* not a rocket scientist
Re:how did we miss that before? (Score:2)
Re:how did we miss that before? (Score:2)
You'd think that the people looking at the images captured by this multi-million dollar probe would have spent a few thousand dollars to develop a rigorous method (i.e. automated) of scanning the images for bright spots that could be water.
Otherwise, what's the point of taking the photos in the first place?
Re:how did we miss that before? (Score:5, Informative)
Well, this patch of ice looks like it has a surface area of what, 75 square km? All of Mars is about 145 million square km, so we're talking about 0.00005% of the surface -- I can kinda see how that might take a while to notice.
Basically, planets are big -- Mars may be smaller than the earth, but since there's no ocean, it has about the same land area.
Re:how did we miss that before? (Score:5, Funny)
Those rocket scientist kids are doing okay.
Maybe we should have sent them into the desert.
Too bad... (Score:5, Funny)
rover (Score:2)
I guess we found the next landing spot, assuming they can either land it in the crater or drive into the crater after landing.
Re:rover (Score:2)
Re:rover (Score:5, Interesting)
The latitude could be a problem too, albeit for a different reason - it's thought the ice is there because there's so little sunlight getting to the crater's floor.
This hypothetical rover had better have an RTG (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator), 'cause solar panels defintely aren't going to work too well...
Water implies Life (Score:3, Interesting)
I'll be damned surprised if we don't find life on Mars now that we know there's free-standing water (ice) on the planet.
Our next responsibility is to try very very hard not to contaminate Mars with Earth-life, if we haven't already with our probes.
Re:Water implies Life (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Water implies Life (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Water implies Life (Score:5, Funny)
And where there be water, there be pirates. Yarrrr!
Re:Water implies Life (Score:2)
Sadly, some people take Talk Like A Pirate Day [talklikeapirate.com] a little too far. Unfortunately, daeley's been like this for nearly a year. The doctors tried medications and everything...but it doesn't seem to be working...sad really...
I hope he gets better soon because TLAPD is right around the corner again...
Re:Water implies Life (Score:5, Informative)
Also, water has the unique property of being less dense in solid form than liquid form, hence ice floats. Thus, when bodies of water freeze, the ice settles on top of it. In other words, water freezes from the surface down, unlike other liquids. This action provides an insulating layer which allows life to flourish under the surface instead of being driven to the surface by ice forming from the bottom up.
Water also has strong surface tension due to the hydrogen bonding between water molucules. This allows for capillary action in which plant can pull water up against gravity. This isn't necessary for the formation of primitive life, but it's difficult to imagine higher forms of life without it.
No, all science points to water being the one molecule which is able to nurture and sustain life. It's an amazing compound despite the fact that it's so prevalent that we tend to take it for granted.
Sod the life (Score:2)
Bollocks it is. Our next responsibility is to sell rights to do whatever you like with the land.
Re:Water implies Life (Score:2)
Re:Water implies Life (Score:2)
Mars scientist Glezzargloop was denounced by the Martian Supreme Council for suggesting that 4 billion years ago, life was created on Mars by an alien probe from planet Earth which he also stated that destroyed itself in war shortly thereafter.
"This is just blashemphy!" stated the Councils holy pontiff.
While the more secular political cheif stated "This is just utter nonsesne, ever
Nope (Score:2)
Our next responsibility is to try very very hard not to contaminate Mars with Earth-life, if we haven't already with our probes."
wrong, our responsibility is to expand the species.
By definition that means we must contaminate it.
Re:Water implies Life (Score:2)
Re:Water implies Life (Score:3, Insightful)
A couple of very good reasons:
When do we start terraforming? (Score:2, Interesting)
Dream on, I know...
Re:When do we start terraforming? (Score:2)
New raffle -- Mars Rover Lake Thaw Drop (Score:3, Funny)
Quick way to colonize (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Quick way to colonize (Score:4, Funny)
Tell the scandinavian countries, they know how to play real hockey, not that canadian thug shit.
Re:Quick way to colonize (Score:2)
NHL rules are not Canadian rules. We play both NHL and international hockey up here.
We all know that NHL hockey sucks. It's designed to sell, which according to the money behind it apparently means more time hitting/fighting, less time playing hockey.
Canadian thug shit, hardly. I'll show you some Canadian thug shit
Best Canadian hockey is World Juniors and Olympic hockey, without a doubt.
Re:Quick way to colonize (Score:3, Funny)
Why is this important? (Score:5, Interesting)
The existence of water on Mars raises the prospect that past or present life will one day be detected.
It also boosts the chances that manned missions can eventually be sent to the Red Planet.
Large reserves of water-ice are also known to be held at the poles on Mars.
We've known for a long time that there was water ice at one of the poles. We also know there's ice underground at lower latitudes. If there's surface ice in crater at a slightly lower latitude, why does that say anything about past or present life on Mars? It's not obvious to me that this has any serious implications for human exploration either. If the idea is to get drinking water and/or hydrogen from local supplies, then is it really that significant that it can be done at a slightly lower latitude? And if the goal of the mission is to look for past or present life, then the equator is clearly where you want to visit, not high latitudes. Likewise if humans were going to set up a permanent presence on Mars, they'd probably want to do it near the equator, where the cold wouldn't be so devastating.Re:Why is this important? (Score:3, Informative)
Hmm, I would think that a difference of 50 degrees (-50 C vs. -100 C) would not be as much of a problem as being near to vs. far away from your life sustaining ice supply. Which is why everyone has been thinking that the first base should be at the south pole. However, craters like this would certainly expand the possibilities and make a base ne
Re:Travel Advisory (Score:2)
Hoo boy! Man, when the Martian tour guide said don't drink the water, they mean don't the water! I haven't had runs like that since I drank tap water in Mexico city! And even then it didn't try to crawl out of the toliet... That god for hotel plungers.
Re:Why is this important? (Score:3, Insightful)
Planetary acne cream (Score:2, Funny)
You know what this means. (Score:4, Funny)
They look at each other, then, after a beat, say, in unison, "ROAD TRIP!"
Meddling Fools! (Score:3, Funny)
I see you've found the sliding roof of my Martian lair!
Of course Mars lost its water long ago. (Score:2)
Re:Of course Mars lost its water long ago. (Score:2)
The deluge of water from Mars explains alot of flood mythologies a
Perhaps that ice wasn't always there. (Score:3, Interesting)
Melted when astroid hit? (Score:2)
Canadian Exploration Plans (Score:4, Funny)
http://www.zamboni.com/machines/model700.html [zamboni.com]
They also announced that the expedition will be fully underwritten by the Canadian Hockey League.
Green tendrils? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Green tendrils? (Score:3, Interesting)
Im pretty sure those are there in the physical sense. Try loading the hi-res overhead shot into gimp or whatever your favorite gfx proggy might be. Invert the colors on it (turns the water black) and then using the brightness and contrast adjustments you can really bring out the shapes. What is particularly interesting is that on the topleft corner of the ice are wha
Re:Green tendrils? (Score:3, Informative)
- The shapes are very angular, unlike everything else in the image.
- It's only there in the blue channel. If it were really present, there should be *some* trace of it in red or green, but if you remove the blue channel the shapes disappear.
- If I re-compress the image as a minimum-quality JPG, the amount of green "tendrils" dramatically increases.
My best guess is that it's a JPG artifact due to the extreme colour
Posterization, JPEG compression (Score:3, Informative)
APOD (Score:3, Informative)
P.S. For other good/neat pics goto http://epod.usra.edu/archive.php3 [usra.edu] (Earth Science Picture Of the Day)
Living On Mars? A Little Dose Of Reality (Score:4, Interesting)
get real.. we cant even send a shuttle into space to the ISS without foam coming off and jeopardzing the crew, not sure where thats gonna lead. the old shuttles are done for -- they arent going to build new ones. they are using these until the new "capsules" are built to go into space and even these wont be for humans.
we've got at least 50 - 60 years before we even START to think about talking about sending humans to mars for anything.
In the nine months it takes to get to Mars, Mars moves a considerable distance around in its orbit, about 3/8 of the way around the Sun. You have to plan ahead to make sure that by the time you reach the distance of Mar's orbit, that Mars is where you need it to be! Practically, this means that you can only begin your trip when Earth and Mars are properly lined up. This only happens every 26 months. That is there is only one launch window every 26 months.
After spending 9 months on the way to Mars, you will probably want to spend some time there. In fact, you MUST spend some time at Mars! If you were to continue on your orbit around the Sun, then when you got back to where you started, Earth would no longer be where you left it!
Just like you have to wait for Earth and Mars to be in the proper postion before you head to Mars, you also have to make sure that they are in the proper position before you head home. That means you will have to spend 3-4 months at Mars before you can begin your return trip. All in all, your trip to Mars would take about 21 months: 9 months to get there, 3 months there, and 9 months to get back. With our current rocket technology, there is no way around this. The long duration of trip has several implications.
First, you have to bring enough food, water, clothes, and medical supplies for the crew in addition to all the scientific instruments you will want to take. You also have to bring all that fuel! In addition, if you are in space for nine months, you will need a lot of shielding to protect you from the radiation of the Sun. Water, and cement make good shielding but they are very heavy. All together, it is estimated that for a crew of six, you would need to 3 million pounds of supplies! The Shuttle can lift about 50,000 pounds into space, so it would take 60 shuttle launches to get all your supplies into space. In the history of the Shuttle, there have only been about 90 launches, and there are less than ten launches per year... So with the shuttle, it would take six years just to get the supplies into space. For this reason, you would probably need to develop a launch system that could lift more than 50,000 pounds into space. Even with a better launch vehicle, it is unlikely that you could launch the Mars mission all at once. You will have to launch it in several pieces and assemble them in orbit.
Second, you are going to be in space for an extended period of time, and there a physiological consequences of being weightless for long periods of time. For one, your muscles do not need to work as hard. In response to being used less, your muscles begin to shrink or atrophy. Remember, your heart is also a muscle, and pumping blood around your body is easier in the weightless environment of space, so your heart gets weaker as well. On an extended space voyage, your muscles might become so weak that it would be difficult for you to stand upright once you return to an environment where you are subject to gravity.
Just like your muscles have to do less work to move you around in space, your bones are not needed as much. The main function of your skeleton is to support the weight of your body. When you are weightless in space, your body realizes that the bones are not being used as much and they begin to lose calcium, and become more brittle. These are serious effects which may impair the ability of the astronauts to carry out experiments and tasks when they get to Mars, where they will be subjected to gravity again.
In order to study these physiological effects of
Lakefront property on Mars... (Score:3, Funny)
As an added bonus - you can ice skate all year round!
Not the only one (Score:4, Funny)
BTW, If I well remember, the borders of the pound showed some gradation suggesting it was drying up. And,and and if I really didn't mess anything, the pond was mostly covered by a wall. But it was not a crater. Probably a subduction as the shape was more similar to an ellypse over an highland. Yes, and what most critics may bash me was that the pond was in small highland. Yes pressure should a lot less there. But it was there...
But please don't ask me for a proof. As I told once around here. I lost that frame. I hardly tried to pick it back but it was searching in a haystack as all my data went limbo back them. It is on one of MGS frames before Summer 2000. I worked with the original frames or with those processed by Malin's labs.
Besides I am not here claiming first discoveries. Just leaving a note. Maybe someone finds it or catches something more interesting. Like underground rivers or something else
What's CG, what's real? (Score:3, Insightful)
What about the Martian Poles (Score:3, Insightful)
There's something I've never understood about this quest for water on Mars.
First off, this "ice" thing doesn't seem like a big deal to me. When I was 8 years old I had a picture of Martian ice caps on my wall. (Yeah.. I was like that). So why is this a big deal? Because its at the bottom of a crater in a less than frozen area? How does that make life more likely? Clearly the bottom of that crater's pretty inhospitable too...
Secondly -- I've never understood why we don't look for water in a place I would think is the most obvious: in the periphery of the ice caps. Wouldn't liquid water most likely be in the place where the caps melt? It seems highly likely that Martian ice caps perform similarly to Earth's ice caps -- sloughing off ice into a temperate zone.
Why do Mars' frozen poles not get more attention in this quest for water?
Anyone?
Re:pool (Score:5, Interesting)
Since the crater is 23 miles across and close to a mile deep, the patch of ice, judging from the picture, is actually fairly good size. Not enough for sustainable human development, but enough to demonstrate that there is water here and there.
I wonder what a core sample would show?
Re:pool (Score:3, Interesting)
Why not? If that's water ice, there's a lot of water there. Now, it's not enough to suit the needs of a planet full of people, but it's certainly enough to sustain a community of humans of some appreciable size, so long as they don't do something stupid like convert it all to rocket fuel.
Re:pool (Score:3, Funny)
Live on Mars!
This exclusive development of luxury apartments designed by an award wining architect is set to become reality. Each apartment is located in its own biodome with a 360 panoramic view of the martian surface. Access to communal area is provided by a underground tunnel which also doubles as storage space.
Other features include an private 10 kilometre wide ice lake with privacy guaranteed by a 17 kilometre crater ridge approxim
Re:pool (Score:5, Interesting)
Well, it's of order 20 trillion liters (10mi*10mi*200 feet) of ice (which is about the same volume as the equivalent liquid water content - ice is only about 10% less dense).
A random site [greatlakesdirectory.org] says that Americans use on average 80-100 gallons per day, which means that water would supply a colony of 10,000 for 11,000 years.
Yes, the water needs for a colony are higher than the water needs for a person, but an off-planet colony probably is going to recycle water (one would hope), so I'd imagine actually that it probably works out pretty well.
So yah, I agree with you. This is a heckuva lot of water.
Re:Millions of years? (Score:2)
Re:Millions of years? (Score:2)
Get a grip, man.
Re:What if we're being baited by the evil martians (Score:2)
What is that dark stuff on the edge of the ice?
That's Mars.
Re:I have a suggestion... (Score:3, Funny)
Since it's a lake, why not name it after Fredo?
Re:Replacing what's there (Score:3, Insightful)
How do you know "we aren't supposed to be there" reason or no? If we weren't "supposed" to be there then why can be go there? Of course, you mean that by divine plan we "aren't supposed to be there". If your god makes things that we aren't supposed to do, then why can we do t