×
Power

Could a Black Hole Surrounded by Energy-Harvesters Really Power a Civilization? (sciencemag.org) 77

"In the long-running TV show Doctor Who, aliens known as time lords derived their power from the captured heart of a black hole, which provided energy for their planet and time travel technology," writes Science magazine.

"The idea has merit, according to a new study."

Slashdot reader sciencehabit quotes their report: Researchers have shown that highly advanced alien civilizations could theoretically build megastructures called Dyson spheres around black holes to harness their energy, which can be 100,000 times that of our Sun. The work could even give us a way to detect the existence of these extraterrestrial societies...

Black holes are typically thought of as consumers rather than producers of energy. Yet their huge gravitational fields can generate power through several theoretical processes. These include the radiation emitted from the accumulation of gas around the hole, the spinning "accretion" disk of matter slowly falling toward the event horizon, the relativistic jets of matter and energy that shoot out along the hole's axis of rotation, and Hawking radiation—a theoretical way that black holes can lose mass, releasing energy in the process.

From their calculations, researchers concluded that the accretion disk, surrounding gas, and jets of black holes can all serve as viable energy sources. In fact, the energy from the accretion disk alone of a stellar black hole of 20 solar masses could provide the same amount of power as Dyson spheres around 100,000 stars, the team will report next month in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Were a supermassive black hole harnessed, the energy it could provide might be 1 million times larger still.

If such technology is at work, there may be a way to spot it. According to the researchers, the waste heat signal from a so-called "hot" Dyson sphere—one somehow capable of surviving temperatures in excess of 3000 kelvin, above the melting point of known metals—around a stellar mass black hole in the Milky Way would be detectible at ultraviolet wavelengths. Such signals might be found in the data from various telescopes, including NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and Galaxy Evolution Explorer.

Power

GM Recalls 73,000 More of Its Chevy 'Bolt' Electric Cars Over Fire Risk (cnbc.com) 97

In November GM recalled 69,000 of its "Bolt" electric cars after five reported fires and two minor injuries. Last month they issued a second recall "after at least two of the electric vehicles that were repaired for a previous problem erupted into flames," CNBC reported.

And then Friday the company expanded that recall "due to potential fire risk." The recall expansion is expected to cost the automaker an additional $1 billion, bringing the total to $1.8 billion to replace potentially defective battery modules in the vehicles. GM said about 73,000 vehicles in the U.S. and Canada are being added to the recall from the 2019-2022 model years, including a recently launched larger version of the car called the Bolt EUV...

The expanded recall now includes all Bolt EV models ever produced, casting a shadow over GM's first mainstream electric vehicle, as it attempts to transition to exclusively sell EVs by 2035...

The expansion follows the companies finding that the batteries for these vehicles may have two manufacturing defects — a torn anode tab and folded separator — present in the same battery cell, which increases the risk of fire. GM has confirmed one fire in the new population of recalled vehicles. That's in addition to at least nine previous confirmed fires in the first round of vehicles that were recalled.

AI

Tesla Unveils Dojo Supercomputer: World's New Most Powerful AI Training Machine (electrek.co) 32

New submitter Darth Technoid shares a report from Electrek: At its AI Day, Tesla unveiled its Dojo supercomputer technology while flexing its growing in-house chip design talent. The automaker claims to have developed the fastest AI training machine in the world. For years now, Tesla has been teasing the development of a new supercomputer in-house optimized for neural net video training. Tesla is handling an insane amount of video data from its fleet of over 1 million vehicles, which it uses to train its neural nets.

The automaker found itself unsatisfied with current hardware options to train its computer vision neural nets and believed it could do better internally. Over the last two years, CEO Elon Musk has been teasing the development of Tesla's own supercomputer called "Dojo." Last year, he even teased that Tesla's Dojo would have a capacity of over an exaflop, which is one quintillion (1018) floating-point operations per second, or 1,000 petaFLOPS. It could potentially makes Dojo the new most powerful supercomputer in the world.

Ganesh Venkataramanan, Tesla's senior director of Autopilot hardware and the leader of the Dojo project, led the presentation. The engineer started by unveiling Dojo's D1 chip, which is using 7 nanometer technology and delivers breakthrough bandwidth and compute performance. Tesla designed the chip to "seamlessly connect without any glue to each other," and the automaker took advantage of that by connecting 500,000 nodes together. It adds the interface, power, and thermal management, and it results in what it calls a training tile. The result is a 9 PFlops training tile with 36TB per second of bandwight in a less than 1 cubic foot format. But now it still has to form a compute cluster using those training tiles in order to truly build the first Dojo supercomputer. Tesla hasn't put that system together yet, but CEO Elon Musk claimed that it will be operational next year.

Businesses

The World's Largest Computer Chip (newyorker.com) 72

silverjacket writes: A feature article at The New Yorker: 'A typical computer chip is the size of a fingernail. Cerebras's is the size of a dinner plate. It is the largest computer chip in the world.' An excerpt from the story: Even competitors find this feat impressive. "It's all new science," Nigel Toon, the C.E.O. and co-founder of Graphcore, told me. "It's an incredible piece of engineering -- a tour de force." At the same time, another engineer I spoke with described it, somewhat defensively, as a science project -- bigness for bigness's sake. Companies have tried to build mega-chips in the past and failed; Cerebras's plan amounted to a bet that surmounting the engineering challenges would be possible, and worth it. "To be totally honest with you, for me, ignorance was an advantage," Vishra said. "I don't know that, if I'd understood how difficult it was going to be to do what they did, I would have had the guts to invest."
Robotics

Elon Musk Reveals 'Tesla Bot', a Humanoid Robot Utilizing Tesla AI (cnet.com) 128

At Tesla's AI Day event, Elon Musk revealed a humanoid robot called Tesla Bot that utilizes the same artificial intelligence that powers the company's autonomous vehicles. CNET reports: Musk revealed few details about the Slenderman-looking Tesla Bot outside of a few PowerPoint slides but reiterated some of his beliefs about human labor. "They can use all of the same tools that we use in the car," Musk noted, suggesting the robot could be told to "go to the store and get ... the following groceries." A prototype would likely be ready next year, Musk said. "It's intended to be friendly," Musk joked, "and navigate through a world built for humans."
Intel

Intel Previews Its Alder Lake Chip, Promises Hybrid CPUs for Desktops and Laptops (theverge.com) 36

Intel has spent much of 2021 announcing plans for its future: a new IDM 2.0 strategy, new naming schemes for its process nodes, and new desktop GPUs. At Intel's Architecture Day 2021, we finally got a preview of how some of those changes are coming together in new chips, starting with the upcoming Alder Lake lineup later this year. From a report: As the company has been teasing since last year's Architecture Day, Alder Lake will feature Intel's latest hybrid architecture: instead of simply offering the next generation of powerful Intel CPU cores, it'll offer a mix of both performance and efficiency x86 cores, both of which Intel previewed as part of its announcements. Additionally, Alder Lake will be the first chip released on Intel's newly renamed Intel 7 technology node (not to be confused with Intel 4, which was previously known as Intel's delayed 7nm node, and will be available to consumers sometime in 2023 under the codename "Meteor Lake"). Intel 7 still uses similar technology to the company's current 10nm tech, instead of the bigger leap in manufacturing processes planned for Intel 4.

The new x86 performance core -- codenamed "Golden Cove" -- is the successor to the Willow Cove cores that are currently found in the company's 11th Gen Tiger Lake processors. Intel claims that it's the most powerful CPU core its ever built, but the company only offered a comparison to its Cypress Cove cores (the version of its 10nm architecture that Intel ported to its 14nm process), not the more advanced Willow Cove cores. Meanwhile, the company's new x86 Efficient core (codenamed "Gracemont") aims to be "the world's most efficient x86 CPU core" while still offering higher IPC than the company's Skylake chips. Intel claims that for single-thread cases, one of its new efficient cores hits 40 percent more performance at the same power (or similar performance while using 40 percent of the power) of a Skylake core, improvements that double when comparing four Efficient cores running four threads to two Skylake cores running four threads.

Operating Systems

Google's Fuchsia OS Is Rolling Out Widely To 1st-Gen Nest Hubs (9to5google.com) 40

More owners of the first-generation Nest Hub are receiving the update to Google's Fuchsia operating system as it expands beyond the Preview program. 9to5Google reports: Back in May, Google formally released Fuchsia, its effort to develop a "not Linux" operating system from scratch, which has been years in the making. The first device to receive the new OS was Google's 2018 smart display, the Nest Hub -- not to be confused with the second generation Nest Hub with sleep tracking released earlier this year -- taking it permanently off of the existing Linux based "Cast OS" without negatively affecting the UI or experience. At the time, the rollout of Fuchsia was limited to a select few devices that were enrolled in the "Preview program" available to all devices via the Google Home app. Over time, the number of Nest Hubs running Fuchsia was expanded, with Google no doubt watching carefully for any issues with the upgrade.

Late last week, Google updated a support page to reflect that the Nest Hub has received a new firmware update for both the Preview program and all other devices. Specifically, the first-gen Nest Hub is now receiving firmware version 1.52.260996. Google confirmed to us that this update does indeed include the upgrade to Fuchsia. All goes well, this means in a matter of days, all first-gen Nest Hub devices in households around the world should be running Fuchsia.

Intel

Intel Is Giving Up On Its AI-Powered RealSense Cameras (engadget.com) 16

In a statement to CRN, Intel said it was "winding down" RealSense and transferring the talent and computer vision tech to efforts that "better support" its core chip businesses. Engadget reports: Questions surfaced about the fate of RealSense after the team's leader, Sagi Ben Moshe, said he was leaving Intel two weeks ago. RealSense aimed to make computer vision more flexible and accessible. A company or researcher could buy cameras to aid everything from robot navigation through to facial recognition, and there was even a developer-focused phone. It was never a truly mainstream product, though, and ASI VP Kent Tibbils told CRN that there were few customers buying RealSense cameras in any significant quantities. It wasn't really a money-making division, even if the work helped Intel's other teams.

For Intel, there's likely a simpler answer: it wants to cut ballast. CEO Pat Gelsinger wants Intel to reclaim the chipmaking crown, and that means concentrating its resources on design and manufacturing capabilities. No matter how successful RealSense is, it's a potential distraction from Intel's latest strategy.

Businesses

Laptop Shortage is Easing as Pandemic Demand Wanes (bloomberg.com) 17

Since early in the pandemic, soaring demand for consumer electronics led to persistent chip shortages. Some recent signs suggest the situation may finally be starting to change. From a report: An executive at the memory chip maker Micron Technology said last week at an investor conference that demand for consumer PCs is slowing and that some of its customers have more chips lying around. A day later, Morgan Stanley downgraded several chip stocks in a note titled "Winter is Coming." The analysts said PC inventory is rising and that the smartphone market is likely to experience similar deterioration. An old investor maxim says technology companies tend to handily outperform during cyclical upswings while the reverse is true on the downside. Well, the industry is beginning to fall short of estimates.

Global PC shipments grew by 13% in the second quarter, according to research firm IDC. That was below Evercore ISI's expectation of 18% and a big deceleration from the 55% rise in the first quarter. Furthermore, wireless router manufacturer Netgear Inc. gave disappointing guidance last month, adding that sales were worse-than-expected in its consumer networking category. Still, it's probably too soon to declare an end. Outbreaks of the delta variant and the long-term efficacy of vaccines make predictions even harder than usual. Some chip analysts have said reports of weakness are primarily seasonal and that sales will pick up through next year. Shortages also vary by part. So even if you can walk into a store and find plenty of laptops, you'll still struggle to get a new car or a video game console.

In some cases, chip delivery times are longer than 20 weeks, the longest wait in at least four years. But as I wrote last month, the pandemic rush to computers and printers won't repeat itself. Once a worker or student buys a laptop, they don't need another one for several years. Retailers are offering extensive discounts on nearly every PC-related category, with the exception of graphics cards. (It's still a good time to be in the games business.) The waning demand for PCs will likely last for at least several more quarters.

Power

IKEA Starts Selling Renewable Energy To Households In Sweden (reuters.com) 41

IKEA, the world's biggest furniture brand, is branching out into selling renewable energy to households, starting with home market Sweden in September. Reuters reports: Ingka Group, the owner of most IKEA stores worldwide, said households would be able to buy affordable renewable electricity from solar and wind parks, and track their usage through an app. Ingka's partner Svea Solar, which produces solar panels for IKEA, will buy the electricity on the Nordic power exchange Nord Pool and resell it without surcharge. Households will pay a fixed monthly fee plus a variable rate. IKEA, which also sells solar panels for households in 11 markets, said those buyers would be able to track their own production in the app and sell back surplus electricity. Jonas Carlehed, head of sustainability at IKEA Sweden, told Reuters he hoped to roll out the new renewable energy offer as well as IKEA's solar panel offering to all markets.
Robotics

Boston Dynamics Teaches Atlas Robot Parkour (pcmag.com) 66

An anonymous reader quotes a report from PCMag: Boston Dynamics taught its robots to dance last year, now one of them can complete a parkour course. The robot company, which is owned by Hyundai, has released two new videos today. The first shows off how well the Atlas robot can perform parkour, while the second video takes us behind the scenes and explains how Atlas works. It's actually the first time Atlas has managed to complete the complex obstacle course flawlessly, and Boston wants to celebrate that.

After the dancing video last year, we all expect Boston's robots to do amazing things now, and the parkour video doesn't disappoint. But what it doesn't show is all the hard work, missteps, and problems that need fixing in order to make these demonstrations possible. That's what the second video reveals, and it's the first time I've seen these robots breakdown and leak fluids.

There's a hardware team, a software team, technicians, and operations staff required to make this whole operation work. Each Atlas requires three onboard computers in order to process the sensor data and run the algorithms allowing this 5ft, 190lbs robot to move with 28-degrees of freedom without falling over (very often). And even though we're asking these robots to do the same actions as humans, it's a very different challenge.

Hardware

Gigabyte Will Replace 'Exploding' PSUs, Downplays Risk (kotaku.com) 72

UnknowingFool writes: Gigabyte announced it will replace PSU models GP-P850GM and GP-P750GM that fail after HardwareBusters and Gamer's Nexus both showed their PSUs fail catastrophically in small explosions. Gigabyte however downplayed the risk by misstating the failed PSUs only exploded after prolonged extreme conditions and that the problem had been corrected last year. Both HardwareBusters and GamerNexus contest multiple points from Gigabyte. Both stated that their units failed quickly under moderate to light loads. In the case of Gamer's Nexus they obtained some units as late as May 2021.

This issue was first reported in November 2020, when Hardware Busters evaluated a GP-P750GM model and found it exploded during testing. After many Newegg customers reported multiple issues with two Gigabyte models, Gamer's Nexus purchased or obtained units from customers over the course of several months in the spring. Their testing found 5 out of 10 units failed quickly during OPP (Over Power Protection) testing. A normal OPP scenario should have had the PSU shut down to protect itself. Instead, some of the units exploded.

A further complication arose when Newegg customers tried to return failed units. Many of the PSUs were bought in Newegg Shuffle bundles with GPUs, and customers would have to return both the GPU and the PSU. Considering the GPU shortage, most Newegg customers complained about this requirement.

Power

World's Largest Solar-Powered Battery Is Now 75% Complete (interestingengineering.com) 204

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Interesting Engineering: The Manatee Energy Storage Center -- the world's largest solar-powered battery storage facility -- is now 75% finished with 100 of 132 total containers already installed, reveals a press release from Florida Power and Light Company (FPL). The battery is housed in Manatee County as the name indicates and is expected to be fully operational by the end of the year. When completed, the system will have a 409-MW capacity with the ability to deliver 900 MWh of energy. This is enough electricity to power 329,000 homes for more than two hours.

The battery will serve to replace FPL's coal plants. The battery will store energy in order to bring electricity to homes even when the sun's not shining (at night and on cloudy days) meaning other more polluting power sources will not be required. Although customers are bound to see some financial benefits the main gains will be environmental. According to FPL, each battery module is capable of storing an amount of solar energy equivalent to roughly 2,000 iPhone batteries. The complete battery system will be equivalent to 100 million iPhone batteries and the energy storage containers will be organized across a 40-acre plot of land (the equivalent of 30 football fields). The battery will have a lifespan of 40 years.

Hardware

Nokia's Smartphone: 25 Years Since it Changed the World (dw.com) 17

The Nokia 9000 Communicator -- "the office in your back pocket" -- was a smartphone even before the word was invented. It has been 25 years since it revolutionized the market. DW: Nokia presented its 9000 Communicator at the CeBIT 1996 computer fair in Hanover, Germany, and launched on August 15 of that year. "The office in your back pocket" added to the IBM Simon from 1994 and the HP OmniGo 700LX from March 1996. The 9000 Communicator was a smartphone even before the word had been invented. For a decade, the device was ââwhat a smartphone was supposed to look like. After the Communicator, Blackberry perfected the idea -- until Apple's iPhone with its multitouch screen in 2007 came along.

Opened like a minilaptop, with a keyboard and a black-and-white display with a diagonal of just 11.5 centimeters (4.5 inches), the retrofuturistic-looking device was made famous by actor Val Kilmer in the remake of the film The Saint. The 9000 Communicator was the first device to offer a combination of keyboard, quality screen, and business and internet software in one package. It had for the first time all of the features of a computer on a phone, putting email, web browsing, fax, word processing and spreadsheets into a single pocketable device.

Hardware

Samsung is Using AI to Design a Smartphone Chip. Will Others Follow? (arstechnica.com) 60

"Samsung is using artificial intelligence to automate the insanely complex and subtle process of designing cutting-edge computer chips," reports Wired: The South Korean giant is one of the first chipmakers to use AI to create its chips. Samsung is using AI features in new software from Synopsys, a leading chip design software firm used by many companies...

Others, including Google and Nvidia, have talked about designing chips with AI. But Synopsys' tool, called DSO.ai, may prove the most far-reaching because Synopsys works with dozens of companies. The tool has the potential to accelerate semiconductor development and unlock novel chip designs, according to industry watchers. Synopsys has another valuable asset for crafting AI-designed chips: years of cutting-edge semiconductor designs that can be used to train an AI algorithm. A spokesperson for Samsung confirms that the company is using Synopsys AI software to design its Exynos chips, which are used in smartphones, including its own branded handsets, as well as other gadgets...

Chipmakers including Nvidia and IBM are also dabbling in AI-driven chip design. Other makers of chip-design software, including Cadence, a competitor to Synopsys, are also developing AI tools to aid with mapping out the blueprints for a new chip.

But Synopsys's co-CEO tells Wired that Samsung's chip will be "the first of a real commercial processor design with AI."
Transportation

Lamborghini Introduces Rare Hybrid-Electric Countach Sportscar (mashable.com) 69

Lamborghini's exotic Countach sportscar was featured in the opening scene of the 1981 movie Cannonball Run. On the car's 50th anniversary, they've now introduced a 802-horsepower hybrid-electric version. Mashable reports: The reimagined Countach, unveiled in Monterey, California on Friday, is the Italian carmaker's second hybrid. Its drivetrain and performance borrows heavily from the Sián supercar, which was introduced in 2019 as the famous sports car maker's first hybrid. Lamborghini's new Countach (pronounced "coon-tash") has a V12 hybrid engine and 48 volt e-motor, as also seen in the Sián. It can accelerate up to 60 mph in 2.8 seconds and has a 220 mph top speed. Unlike some hybrids, the Countach doesn't have a pure electric mode. Instead, it's always using a blend of the electric motor and gas engine.

The air vents on the back are 3D-printed and the roof is photochromic, meaning it switches from solid to transparent at the push of a button. There are also four exhaust pipes on the backside...

There will only be 112 of Lamborghini's new hybrid Countach ever made...

TechCrunch adds that "Powering the Countach's electric motor is a supercapacitor Lamborghini claims delivers three times more power compared to a lithium-ion battery of the same weight.

"The automaker says it mounted the electric motor directly to the gearbox to preserve the feeling of power transfer you get from a V12 engine."
Transportation

Sportscar Manufacturer Debuts World's First All-Electric High-Performance Hypercar (newsweek.com) 99

There's something new in the world of expensive high-performance sportscars (or "hypercars".) Italian carmaker Automobili Pininfarina "has debuted the Battista, the first pure-electric hyper GT, on the streets of California as part of Monterey Car Week," reports Newsweek. (Alternate URL here.) The debut will give U.S. clients the chance to experience the 1,900 horsepower hypercar... [In a video] the Battista, crafted at Automobili Pininfarina's manufacturing facility in Italy, glides smoothly and quickly through California roads at speeds of over 100 miles per hour. The drive shows off the agility of the polished Impulso forged aluminum alloy wheels and exposed bodywork. Pulling off the road, the scissor doors swing open, highlighting the Black Exposed Signature Carbon bodywork.

Supplying the 1,900 hp is a 120-kilowatt-hour battery that powers four electric motors, one in each wheel, that gets about 1696 pound-feet of torque. On a single charge, the car is expected to get a range of over 310 miles.

With an emphasis on the company's "Pure Sound" philosophy and drawing from music theory, the bespoke design of the car is built to have a core frequency of 54 hertz (hz). Wanting to provide an emotional experience for the driver, the organic frequency will rise in multiples of 54 hz as the speed increases.

The company's product platform director of sports cars explains on their web site that "Every driver has an emotional bond with a car and the sound of Battista will nurture this connection, not by replicating a familiar car sound, but with one that radiates the beauty of Battista's design both inside and out. This way, the Battista will not only impress with its aesthetic appeal and performance, but also on a new emotional level enhanced through the sound."

The company's web site also calls it "the most powerful road-legal Italian sports car ever produced."
Earth

The Worst 5% of Power Plants Produce 73% of Their Emissions (arstechnica.com) 154

Ars Technica reports on a paper investigating how much each power plant contributes to global emissions, using data from 2018. "The study finds that many countries have many power plants that emit carbon dioxide at rates well above either the national or global average.

"Shutting down the worst 5 percent of this list would immediately wipe out about 75 percent of the carbon emissions produced by electricity generation." It should surprise nobody that all the worst offenders are coal plants. But the distribution of the highest polluting plants might include a bit of the unexpected.

For example, despite its reputation as the home of coal, China only has a single plant in the top-10 worst (bottom-10?). In contrast, South Korea has three on the list, and India has two. In general, China doesn't have many plants that stand out as exceptionally bad, in part because so many of its plants were built around the same time, during a giant boom in industrialization. As such, there's not much variance from plant to plant when it comes to efficiency. In contrast, countries like Germany, Indonesia, Russia, and the US all see a lot of variance, so they're likely to have some highly inefficient plants that are outliers.

Put a different way, the authors looked at how much of a country's pollution was produced by the worst 5 percent when all of the country's power plants were ranked by carbon emissions. In China, the worst 5 percent accounted for roughly a quarter of the country's total emissions. In the US, the worst 5 percent of plants produced about 75 percent of the power sector's carbon emissions. South Korea had similar numbers, while Australia, Germany, and Japan all saw their worst 5 percent of plants account for roughly 90 percent of the carbon emissions from their power sector. When it comes to carbon emissions, the worst 5 percent of power plants account for 73 percent of the total power sector emissions globally. That 5 percent also produces over 14 times as much carbon pollution as it would if the plants were merely average...

Simply boosting each plant's efficiency to the average for the country would drop power sector emissions by a quarter and up to 35 percent in countries like Australia and Germany. Switching them to natural gas, which produces less carbon dioxide per amount of energy released, would drop global emissions by 30 percent, with many countries (including the US) seeing drops of over 40 percent. Again, because China doesn't see a lot of variance among its plants, these switches would have less of an impact, being in the area of 10 percent drops in emissions. But the big winner is carbon capture and storage. Outfitting the worst of the plants with a capture system that was 85 percent efficient would cut global power sector emissions in half and total global emissions by 20 percent. Countries like Australia and Germany would see their power sector emissions drop by over 75 percent.

Overall, these are massive gains, considering that it's not unreasonable to think that the modifications could be done in less than a decade. And they show the clear value of targeting the easiest wins when it comes to lowering emissions.

Power

Will MIT Scientists' Powerful Magnet Lead Us to Nuclear Fusion Energy? (nytimes.com) 164

"A start-up founded by scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology says it is nearing a technological milestone that could take the world a step closer to fusion energy, which has eluded scientists for decades," reports the New York Times: Researchers at M.I.T.'s Plasma Science and Fusion Center and engineers at the company, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, have begun testing an extremely powerful magnet that is needed to generate immense heat that can then be converted to electricity. It would open the gates toward what they believe could eventually be a fusion reactor... Though a fusion energy breakthrough remains elusive, it is still held out as one of the possible high-technology paths to ending reliance on fossil fuels. And some researchers believe that fusion research could finally take a leap forward this decade. More than two dozen private ventures in the United States, Europe, China and Australia and government-funded consortia are now investing heavily in efforts to build commercial fusion reactors. Total investment by people such as Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos is edging toward $2 billion. The federal government is also spending about $600 million each year on fusion research, and there is a proposed amendment to add $1 billion to the Biden administration's infrastructure bill, said Andrew Holland, chief executive of the Fusion Industry Association...

Commonwealth's new magnet, which will be one of the world's most powerful, will be a crucial component in a compact nuclear fusion reactor known as a Tokamak, a design that uses magnetic forces to compress plasma until it is hotter than the sun... Commonwealth Fusion executives claim that the magnet is a significant technology breakthrough that will make Tokamak designs commercially viable for the first time. They say they are not yet ready to test their reactor prototype, but the researchers are finishing the magnet and hope it will be workable by 2025...

Commonwealth, which has raised more than $250 million so far and employs 150 people, received a significant boost last year when physicists at M.I.T.'s Plasma Science and Fusion Center and the company published seven peer-reviewed papers in the Journal of Plasma Physics explaining that the reactor will work as planned. What remains to be proved is that the Commonwealth prototype reactor can produce more energy than it consumes, an ability that physicists define as Q greater than 1. The company is hoping that its prototype, when complete, will produce 10 times the energy it consumes.

Commonwealth's chief executive (also a plasma physicist) explains to the Times how fusion energy is different than other sources: because it really doesn't require any resources. "You add up all the costs, the cost of normal stuff like concrete and steel, and it will make as much power as a gas plant, but without having to pay for the gas."
Wireless Networking

Will Google's Tensor Chip Spell Trouble for 5G? (pcmag.com) 140

Google's Pixel 6 phone will be powered by a Tensor processor which PCMag UK believes is "clearly designed to accelerate machine learning and AI." But does it have bigger implications? Tensor is a signpost, not a destination. Google has never sold huge numbers of Pixel phones and isn't signaling a change in strategy there. Rather, it's saying that it would like Android as a whole to shift toward more on-device processing for AI and ML. That could give a big boost to Google's two core businesses, advertising and data. It could also create problems for the future of 5G...

The more your phone can handle its own ML and AI, the less it needs the cloud. For example, a Tensor-enabled phone could potentially analyze your photos and share data locally with on-device advertising APIs, letting Google proclaim that its cloud services never access your raw data. That would help bridge the gap between the privacy you want and the targeted ads Google needs to survive. But a lot of consumer 5G app ideas assume your phone will offload processing or rendering onto the network.

Phones that are mostly self-sufficient aren't going to need high-bandwidth, low-latency networks or "mobile edge computing." Sure, the rise of more Tensor-like ML-focused chips would take pressure off the carriers' still-shaky 5G builds, but it'll also keep raising the question of why consumers need 5G in the first place. That could reduce carriers' willingness to keep investing in their consumer 5G networks.

Although the first sence of the article's last paragraph adds, "Maybe I'm overstating the issue here..."

Slashdot Top Deals