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Science

Cloning of extinct Huia bird approved 405

kade writes to us with the news that New Zealand scientists and ethicists have decided that attempts to clone the extinct Huia bird should begin immediatly. The birds were declared extinct in the 1920s, their fault being they had white tipped black feathers that were "used" in a European fashion craze in the 1920s. IMHO, more stuff like this should happen-and for the organisms in danger of extinction, we should procure cell samples in hope of cloning later. Of course, first priority should be saving them then, but what do you all think?
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Cloning of extinct Huia bird approved

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  • On the other hand, didn't anyone see Star Trek 4? If we don't save every animal that's ever lived, aliens will send a probe to communicate with them that will destroy the planet. So we're waxed either way. Life sucks.
  • I disagree with this premise. I've lived quite nicely without that bird all my life, I can continue just as well.

    I see this endevor as an acedemic 'can we do it', not as a solution to any kind of problem. There isn't a problem with that particular animal not being in existance.
  • by dlc ( 41988 )
    tar zxvf huia-1.0.tar.gz

    cd huia-1.0
    ./configure --habitat=nz 2>&1 /dev/null
    make && make install
  • If people aren't learning 'the lesson' that we're talking about here, then why should we even begin to presume that they ever will? It's my belief that cultures learn lessons through experiencing hardships. The 'gentle' solution to this problem (preserving specimens in zoos and slow education) won't be enough because people respond to things like the Depression or the bombing of Pearl Harbor or AIDS, not easily-ignored problems like the extinction of a species that you won't find in the grocery store.


    Is there some intrinsic value in keeping endangered animals locked up in unnatural surroundings? I say there isn't. Creatures become extinct because other creatures like to kill them, or because their habitat changes too drastically. Their place in this world simply went away. It pains me to be so blunt about it, but it's true. Instead of covering up our mistakes, we should try to raise the value of life in our culture.


    YOU should try to raise the value of life in our culture. Go tell somebody that the animals on our planet are precious, and anything we do that hurts them unnecessarily should be stopped. That's what will turn things around.


    Finally, read stuff by Daniel Quinn, and visit the Ishmael website [ishmael.com].

  • I strongly believe in Darwinism, and if the animal died out for natural reasons (without humans being the accountable cause) then we must leave nature be.

    Er, what's the difference between "natural causes" and humans? We are natural causes -- natuarally evolved creatures that, in our spread, have caused the extinction of some native species that were unable to adapt to us. To a real "believe[r] in Darwinism", the distinction between "natural" extinction and human-caused extinction doesn't exist.

    As a specific example -- was the Americn horse driven extinct by natural causes (a new predator that crossed over a natural land bridge from Asia), or man (which happened to *be* that new predator)? (Anyone who says that "well, man hunts for sport while other animals don't", please see Stephen Jay Gould's "Bully for Brontosaurus" for remedial education.)

    That isn't to say that we shouldn't make efforts to not drive species extinct. But this goofy natural/man dichotomy is indefensible unless man was created separately.

    If you're a creationist, fine, I can respect that.

    If you're a Darwinist, fine, I agree with you.

    If you're a self-proclaimed Darwinist that still holds to the man-nature dichotomy of creationism you were taught by our culture, STOP AND THINK IT THROUGH!
  • As much as I would like to save the planet, it's just not possible to do it. They died, survival of the fittest, end of story.

    And as for getting tissue samples of endangered species so that we can clone them later, that's just not practical. How long would it take for us to take tissue samples of all the M$ users out there, cause it's not gonna be long before they're extinct... And do we really want to clone more? (Hope Bill hasn't thought of that already!) :-)

  • That much touted experiment, the Stanley Miller "Spark Chamber" experiment, which was conducted decades ago, used the starting materials, the wrong methods and got the wrong results.

    Miller left out oxygen because he knew it would destroy the proteins he was trying to make. In fact, there have been oxidized rocks in the earth as deep as man has dug. There is no evidence that earth's early atmosphere had no oxygen, and of course life on earth requires it.

    Miller used electrical sparks as a catalyst. Unfotunately, sparks do more tearing apart than putting together, so Miller had to draw the product out of the spark chamber in order to preserve them. This obviously would not have been possible during biogenesis without an informed intelligence.

    The experiment produced an equal amount of long, short, left-handed and right-handed amino acids, whereas only short and lefthanded are used in living cells. The long and right-handed acids joining with the short and left-handed acids would prevent the coiling necessary for a useful protein.

    Finally, the simplest life forms require many more than just one protein! The chances of these forty-plus proteins coming together to form a single solitary bacterium capable of reproducing (and which must now survive without oxygen, remember) are zilch for all practical purposes.
  • None... Long term impact of 'bringing back' any species is virtually nill. All of the cross-continental introductions of species (in effect the same thing) have only changed the details of various local environments, species displaced, over populations , but in a few generations stability is restored. The only complaint would be is this the most pleasing to the humans residing within the same local environment...
  • If the extinction of the Huia doesn't present a problem to you then, I'd like to know exactly when "man-induced" extinctions do become a problem? Is it when the last bald-eagle is wiped out? Or, when the last whale is hunted to extinction? Or, perhaps it's when the only living mamals, apart from us, left are domesticated species?

    I for one, enjoy a walk through a national park now and then (together with all the associated flora and fauna).

    Forgive the attitude, I'm a New Zealander and I'd like to see the recovery of a few more of the endangered and "previously extinct" birds of New Zealand (particularly the giant Moa!).

  • There is a ghost town located on a mountain slope in Montana above a small town called Phillipsburg. This town (Granit City) had a population of three thousand and covered the side of the mountain (that was a big town back then). All but a few buildings and the larger mining structures have vanished, replaced by forest, in a scant 100 years.

    Aside from the remains of the lunar lander and a plastic flag on the surface of the moon, probably the only thing future civilizations will find that points back to us will be the plastic stuff like packaging and six-pack binders, and a curious bottleneck of biological diversity in the late 20th century to rival that of the extinction of the dinasaurs, there will be little for future archealogists to find. Given a few tens of thousands of years, even the satelites in orbit will have long since fallen back to earth.

    Tales of a space faring civilization in 10,000 years? I doubt it, given that we haven't even bothered to go back to the moon in 25 years. Tales of a civilization that practically worshipped consumption and greed, to the point of (nearly) consuming the entire world and ultimately consuming itself? Quite possibly.

    Just another cheery thought for a Wednesday morning.
  • What has man done in the form of causing extinctions that nature hasnt already done. Extinctions happened all the time before we were here, we just sped up to process. Three cheers for efficient humans. The first ever mass extinction was when over 90% of all carbon dioxide breathing organisms died because of too much oxygen in the atmosphere. I see this reversing soon, so the hundreds of species we have killed would have died anyway.
  • In all seriousness, we can no longer deny that we are very much, like it or not, the stewards of this planet, and by extension, all the information which has ever been encoded in any way whatsoever.

    While I do not think we can make light of our decisions of what animals to promote, and what animals to drive out of existance, we certainly can not deny that we have that power, and have had it for a long time. Look at cows. What the hell is that *natural selection* ? *darwinism* ? No folks, its time to go read "out of control" and realize that we are no longer the children of this planet, but the parents of a great many life forms which may not even exist yet.

    There is a great amount of nostalgia when we think of how things *used* to be. When we were growing up, we lived in a very sheltered universe. The planet was full of biomass, and we consumed and consumed and consumed. Just now as we are on the brink of running out of natural resources, we suddenly start to grasp that we can no longer afford to be frolicing around the planet in childlike bliss. Yet we still have not owned up to our larger role, our greater responsibility.

    We have already altered this planet plenty by being "GOD". And we say it with distain, because we have up until this point been a childish selfish god. An infant god. Now as we are just begining to realize the complicated nature of our responsibility there is a very strong tendancy for people to want to walk away from it all, and not be "god" any more.

    It is not a choice we can make. We are now the parents of the planet which reared us. To look at in any other way is wishful thinking, and nostalgia.

    We should be careful. We should think more often than we act, but we should not hope that "God" knows what to do, and its not out place to mess-a-bout.

    Evolution itself evolves. We are just the latest feature of nature. There is a real problem if we start to view ourselves as "other" than nature. We are an interesting evolutionary experiment. We can reincarnate species we accidentally destoyed in our youth. Is there any reason to? Maybe not. Could there be dire consequnces? Perhaps, but I think it is unlikely.

    Worse case scenario: the bird has no preditors, they take over the world, and then decide to clone extinct humans.

  • Take a look around, at the mountains and rivers, deserts, icecaps, trees, cows, horses, dogs, sunsets, jet contrails, everything.

    In a few thousand years every last piece of the planet will be dissassembled by human beings for use as raw materials to support our outward expansion into the universe.

    Earth has supported us well so far, and the species that evolved on the earth will outlive the planet.

    Nothing you can do about it either.
  • As an already biased New Zealander...

    I vote the next bird to be bought back is the giant Moa. I want a bird I can look up to and really respect :)
  • Regarding Dolly:

    Researchers have shown that while Dolly is aging at an accelrated rate due to the use of older donor material, the natural born offspring of Dolly do not experience this problem. Cloning may make it "easy" to start a species, but as some have pointed out, diversification is a real issue. The lack of a diverse gene pool can cause severe genetic defect amplification. This happens in all species of animals. It shows up most effectively in dogs when a particular breed becomes popular a puppy mills are established to meet the demand. The result is poor vision, bad hips, poor immune systems, bad hearing, and even bad temperments.

    While some defects can be beneficial to the regions, as has happened in humans based in disparate regions of the world, most are harmful to the species as a whole. If there is a significant portion of genetic material available to create a diverse gene pool for an extinct, near-extinct, or endangered species, then cloning should be considered. Otherwise, an inferior version of the species could be the result and as such could possibly become re-extinct easily as a result of genetic maladies.
  • Oh yeah, we're monkeys, right? Since when do monkeys wear Huia hats and hunt a species to oblivion for the fun of it? Since when is it natural to eradicate total species just so you can sit on an ivory toilet and smoke out of a rhino-horn pipe and stuff another Huia feather in your hat? That has NOTHING to do with natural selection and survival of the fittest. By your rules, given our numbers, we will literally destroy life on earth and die as a species leaving only bugs (that survive UNATURAL pesticides) and plants (that survive the mutated bugs that survived the UNATURAL pesticides). And that we can consider such a thing seems, well, unnatural. How many monkeys does it take to build and set off a nuclear weapon? This isn't a creationism vs evolution rant - it's just a way of saying that we are totally UNATURAL as a species and go totally against the grain of natural selection and survival of the fittest which rules nature. By this, we have the ability to destroy the world, or restore it from past UNATURAL acts - which appears some smart people are attempting to do so. Hey, save the whales, recycle and all that green mumbo-jumbo...

    Ok, I just have to point and laugh here. Does anyone complain when fireants erradicate a species in an area? This is Natural, well, so would whiping every elephant on earth out with machine guns. Because we are PART of nature. No other creature on earth is equipped to stand up against us. I'm a devout christian, but just because God created the Earth doesn't mean he can't change it, or allow it to change and grow after that. Creationism and Evolution aren't mutually exclusive. But certain facets of evolutionism are exaggerated, for instance, if Man were once Ape, then why are Apes not continually in the process of becoming Man? Creationism is frequently overblown as well, some people seem to think that The Earth is still in the exact same state as when God created it, which is obviusly untrue....
    The Bible states in Genesis that man is the steward of Earth, we are supposed to watch over and take care of everything while we are here. If we kill off something, then decide to bring it back, then that's just fine.

    I wanted to write a much more cohesive essay, but I'm at work and have to go earn my paycheck.
    Kintanon

  • by Anonymous Coward
    I think this is a great idea. Genetic engineering and biotech is probably the best thing we've ever discovered.

    I don't undestand people who are afraid of genetically engineered tomatoes - it's the same thing as normal farming, just sped up.

    Now that's not to say we should just start cloning everything indisciminately (releasing a pack of T-Rexes into the wild might be a bad idea) but reviving dead species - especially ones WE wiped out, strikes me as being good Karma.

    And if they're tasty too, hell, so much the better. :)

    DG
  • My problem with all this talk of cloning extinct species is that we fall into the attitude of, "So what if we drive species X into extinction. We'll just clone it again after we've finished raping its ecosystem!" In other words, the promise of never again having to worry about extinction may actually result in more species being allowed to go extinct!!

    Better to spend the $$$$ on saving the species in the first place than to blow it on some SiFi dream of bringing them all back.

  • I hope they've saved the ovum etc. for the tigers. Because it may already be too late to save them.
  • We have already altered this planet plenty by being "GOD". And we say it with distain, because we have up until this point been a childish selfish god. An infant god. Now as we are just begining to realize the complicated nature of our responsibility there is a very strong tendancy for people to want to walk away from it all, and not be "god" any more.

    It is not a choice we can make. We are now the parents of the planet which reared us. To look at in any other way is wishful thinking, and nostalgia.

    We should be careful. We should think more often than we act, but we should not hope that "God" knows what to do, and its not out place to mess-a-bout.

    With regards to playing God, merely changing the face of the earth is not playing God. It is terraforming, and I admit that we humans have a lot to learn about it. We're decent terraformers, but not very good ones yet. But that isn't playing God.

    In fact, per the Judeo-Christian mythos, this is exactly what we are supposed to be doing. The first commandment God ever gave a person in the book of Genesis is (paraphrasing here) to go forth and multiply, to fill the earth and to subdue it.

    I don't expect everyone to agree with this perspective; there are a number of religions among the Slashdotters. However, not all of them think that we are playing God with the earth. IMHO, we are not "raping the planet". We are doing our job, but stumbling a lot when we are doing it.

  • Can I have all of my telomeres stretched??
  • Posted by c0d3r_x:

    Why not? Obviously the preferable solution would be to responsibly manage populations back to viable levels, but in the case of extinct species, I say go for it. If someone is willing to pay to grow dodo birds, then I say more power to him/her.

    Of course I tend to be radically pro-biotech (from extensive Shadowrun gaming) but I can't see much of a downside.

  • This is probably just blatantly trollish, but here goes:

    FRAGILE MY ASS! Our ecosystem is about as fragile as a 30 ton boulder. Why must every wacked out Environmentalist flunky spout off about how "Fragile" our ecosystem is?? It's a PLANET people, No matter WHAT we do to it, it WILL recover if we kill ourselves off, and if we don't kill ourselves off then who cares what we do to it? If you want to keep some Rhino's around for aesthetic purposes, go ahead, I want to eat Rhino steak for lunch every day for a month. Rhino's as a species aren't that important, neither is any other species really... The Earth will recover eventually, and if it doesn't then who cares? It's just one planet out of an unlimited amount. The only motivation we have for keeping it up is that we'll die if we screw it up too bad. The universe isn't going to end if we blow the planet to pieces. We're a insignifcant speck in the universe, get used to it.

    Kintanon
  • Doen't seem quite apposite any more.
  • They won't find human debris on the moon. It is far from an inert environment. They'll find craters just like we did.
  • ...and that is the rejects. As with any "artifical" process you will have defects along the way. Heck, even nature isn't pefect, but it's pretty close when it comes to reproduction. As of now, the success rate for cloning is very small, so you end up with all these geneticly fuct animals. Now, it's nice we have the chance to reverse a stupid mistake of ours, but what do we do when New Zealand Huia bird population is 80% retarded?

    hrm...looks like we are getting closer to making jurassic park a reality. yikes!
  • Mosquitos are good, they take resources from large animals, and return them to a fairly low level of the food chain.

    Anyways not all mosquitos are bloodsuckers, only the females. The males drink nectar.

    Oh, and they perfer certain people, the trick is to bring one of the unluckey as a distraction. And don't where blue (or is that sharks?)

    For the record spiders are of the class arachnida not insecta (hexapoda). So they are spiders not insects. Oh and the lady bug is not a bug it's a beetle (Order->Choleoptera). True bugs are members of the order Hemiptera.

    Now a fun fact
    There are more ants by mass then there are mammals.

    Now back to the topic: If they succed the breeding population will be tiny. There will be genetic problems..

    This is a good way for us to understand life, and ageing , just don't let em touch my insects or spiders. ::;;)
  • Oh yeah. That Huia hat craze in the '20s was an entirely natural phenomena.
  • by Anonymous Coward
    While they are at it, I hope they clone the Woolly Mammoth, the Wolly Rhinoceros, and any other "Woolly" animals that lived during that Woolly period.

    The sheep of the world must be getting pretty pissed that they alone have to provide all the wool for the world. Just think of the wool you could get off a mammoth! Damn! Of course they would also have to genetically alter sheep dogs to be bigger, because a mammoth sure as hell ain't going to get herded by no freakin collie.

    Of course, the other advantage to this is that I could finally fulfil my dream of opening a Wet and Woolly, the world's first water park/woolly mammoth petting zoo. It would be a hit with kids aged 6-12, and would be located on the island of Guam because it has a cool name.
  • 99% of all species are already extinct. By all means, we should take steps to preserve those species we deem important. But opposing all extinctions is [ note the clever and accurate use of the singular here ] ahistorical.
    -russ
  • Presumably this would result in a species with a small and undiversified gene pool. Isn't this bad? Doesn't it make the species susceptible to extinction again?
  • Yes, species go extinct all the time, but not at the rate at which we are causing it to happen. I think cloning represents the best bet yet that at least some of the species that are currently disapperaing very fast, will be around for our grandchildren to see ...

    Diversity of an ecosystem is important if you want it to be stable. Witness the Linux hydra which is constantly developing in unforseen ways ...
  • >The warming of the planet is a process, whereas the extinction of a species is an event.

    Once the planet is too warm the situation is analogous to the species being extinct. However, if you prefer a different example :

    Activist : "That man's hand was chopped off. Let's see if we can reattach it."

    Passivist : "No. He must live without it - there are things in which we Must Not Meddle."

    Exploring the distinction between a hand cloned using cells taken from the original and the true original might be interesting. A hand cloned from a cell sample taken 10 years ago would be 10 years younger than the rest of you...

  • Hey, I resent that remark about grave-robbers!
  • This kind of experiment can and will work eventually. All the people yapping about Jurrasic Park can just shut up already... it's difficult enough to reintroduce wolves to the wild without people spreading nonsense FUD!

    These animals did not die out for natural reasons; we slaughtered every last one of them. One could argue this is still Darwinism, and because the remaining Huia's couldn't shoot back or breed fast enough they deserve to die, but this arguement is flawed. That kind of environmentalism means there's no room on the planet for anything but humans, cockroaches, rats, ants, and e-coli.. not very good company.

    We can also bring back the dodo, and the whooly mammouth, and there's talk about that too. Restoring parts of the ecosystem we unbalanced is good overall, the problem is we're only going to restore prey not predators, so we'll still be tipping the balance.

    Taking this restoration a step further there is evidence that Neanderthal man died out not by natural means but by homo sapiens moving in and killing for territory. If that evidence is true, should we restore neanderthals? I'm not suggesting a yes or a no...

    Lastly, what's the point if the boundless appetite of the world just chews them up again?

    I live north of Boston, MA... a lot of towns *mandate* new homes built must consume 2 acres of land, presumably to "preserve open space" but really to exclude economic undesirables (they don't say "darkies" in New Hampshire anymore). As a result of the home building boom, most of the land in this area is gone... mile after mile of suburban sprawl. Where's the habitat? How about the environmental damage every time people take their SUV 4 miles to the nearest convenience store .

    Save the animals? There's a bigger issue people miss. Like a virus, we consume the planet and slowly kill it.

    I'm not heading to the hills like some hermit or advocating anyone else do this (but we could reproduce a little less often - PLEASE). I am saddened that it will take several MAJOR ecological disasters to catch our attention for longer than the average commercial.

    I'm just thinking this is so much waste given our habits. Of course, some insensitive redneck will just accuse me of being an unpatriotic anti-capitalist treehugger with no values. :-/
  • What about domestic cats?

    I'll bet that you'd find most species would kill unneccesarily, if they had energy to waste.
  • kill all the animals. who needs em. pigs and cows and hydroponically grown vegetables is all we need. put out that stupid sun too it hurts my eyes. we got electric lights now who needs it. I say its high time we as humans assert ourselves and take control of this solar system. oh yeah and chickens.
  • When you put it that way it seems pretty reasonable. However, you are leaving out the costs of suppressing new technologies. All of these things that you mention have positive uses, as well as negative. What of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy? What of the things we can learn about aging by studying clones? What of the things we can learn about ecology by reintroducing an extinct species?


    Moreover, you are assuming that suppressing the technology will head off the evil effects, which is patently untrue. It's been over fifty years since the last time a nuclear bomb was detonated in anger; yet millions of people today still know the ravages of war. And people have been causing extinctions (both through hunting and through habitat destruction) for a long time now, even without the excuse of reintroducing clones later on. It seems to me that these problems will be solved not by suppressing new technologies, but by addressing their root causes, which in most cases have little to do with technology.

  • > 1. Drop human population levels down to 2
    > billion or so, which could easily be done in one
    > generation, and

    Yeah! bring on the death camps!

    > 2. Figure out someway of keeping superstitious
    > asian men with small penises happy. Viagra
    > donations, anyone?

    Oh, that's easy. Just castrate them all. That'll also help take care of #1.

    </SARCASM>
    ---


  • Don't fight the Mother Nature.


    Following that line of logic, we should stop:

    birth control (if mother nature says you're gonna have a kid, you should have that kid regardless of the quality of life you can provide for it).

    any sort of medical research (cancer, aids, alzheimers...who needs to know anything about that anyway?).

    any sort of medical ethics (i.e. pulling the plug, Kevorkianesque euthanasia).

    everything else that would advance humankind's knowledge of itself or that has a chance of making the world a better place.

  • mosquitos pollinate more flowers than bees.
  • After all, it's only natural to be fashionable.
  • ...have some idiot clone 1000 Hitlers...

    This isn't what would scare me. Hitler sounds like he had the potential to be a really cool guy. The problem I see is that someone might try to raise 1000 Hitlers.

    Nature vs. Nurture... I think that Nature is what gives us potential; Nurture is what focuses us on a particular path. As in, you're born (and even clones are born, today anyway) to be any of a million or billion possible individuals. You're nurtured to be exactly one of these.

    Hitler's genes didn't lead the Nazi to war- it was his personality.

  • >Of course, all the Huia-specific parasites and diseases died out with the bird, so they'll now run rampant and take over the biosphere

    Umm, we're not cloning the parasites and diseases. If they went extinct, they'll still be dead upon the recloning of the bird.

    Now, maybe the Huia bird was only prevented from "world domination" because a disease or parasite kept it in check, and that species died with the Huia. In that case, we're in big trouble... but somehow I doubt it.
  • Any complaints may be directed to the brick wall to your left

    Woah, you're eerie, how did you know there was a brick wall to my left?!
    *looks around for those hidden wal-mart cameras*

    Kintanon PH33Rs 13373 Wal-Mart H4X0Rs Now.
  • The main problem with this is that people aren't learning the lessons. Extinction rates are still increasing exponentially. Poachers don't have any guilty nights over the animals they kill - most of them are doing it to get money to take care of their families. Most people don't even know when another species goes extinct, so where's the lesson? There are many problems to be addressed - but I don't think that the way to address them is by closing off a possible avenue to bringing them back. I honestly don't feel that it is immoral to keep a species alive in zoos, and would wholeheartedly condone places that keep species alive in controlled environments - because it's a step in the process to bringing them back. Only one step, but progress.

    With such a limited genetic pool, it is unlikely to be feasible in the near future to actually reintroduce a species with any success. But then again, although the cheetah went through a genetic bottleneck (all cheetahs are genetically similar enough that you could graft skin from one to another without a rejection problem), they are still here. Even with the limited genes and the homogenous population, I still say it's better to have the animals/plants than not.

    Some problems to be addressed are: habitat destruction - where can we put these animals, if they were driven to extinction by lack of a habitat to survive in; the human factor - if people are hungry, if they need firewood, if they need money, they will continue to hunt these animals and destroy their habitat; then there's that genetic problem - limited genes make for a less healthy population. So they're problems - they can be solved! Maybe not right now, but then again I never thought I'd be around when cloning finally became an option for extinct species - and yes, I have been waiting.

    For more information on captive breeding and reintroduction (and maybe a little less dogma :) I'd suggest checking out the Wildlife Preservation Trust - founded by Gerald Durrell. Their work is excellent, particularly their captive breeding and reintroduction program.

    Wildlife Preservation Trust International [wpti.org]

    Leilah
  • How will the 1920's bird genes stand up to 1999 diseases? Wouldn't it be cruel to 'recreate' an animal whose immune system can't cope with modern illnesses?
  • Nature isn't like a sculpture, or painting. It's not a fixed thing that you can observe without influencing. It's a constantly changing thing, a strange mix of balance and imbalance, an equilibrium of change.

    Um, what he said. I agree completely. Ever hear of a fellow named Heisenberg? He came up with this neat idea that You can't observe something without changing it. (paraphrased).

    He was talking about particles at the time, but I think it applies to more than quantum theory. We're not just oberving Earth, though, we're part of it. What's done is done, and until somebody finds a way to affect the past, we're stuck in the now.

    Technology isn't going to go away. Especially not something that attracts as much attention as cloning. I think the best we can hope to do is use it responsibly. What, I ask, is more responsible than cleaning up your own mess? If we don't succeed this time, then somebody will try again, somewhere else, with another species. You can count on it.
    As someone pointed out earlier, Australia's done fine without the bird for years. So if this attempt fails, we won't have done any terrible damage.

    If it succeeds, then we know more about the technology. The next time we use it, we'll know more about just what we're doing. We'll learn more about how species integrate into an ecosystem.

    How is this a bad thing?

  • > If we start cloning things now, birds, sheep,
    > etc. even to fix a mistake on our part, whats
    > to prevent us from having made to order humans
    > in the future?

    If we *don't* start cloning things now, what's to prevent us from having made to order humans in the future?

    In any case, we can't *start* cloning humans and animals now, as we have been doing it for many years already. The big discussion you probably remember from some time ago was about cloning *adults*, not cloning in general.

    Cloning is a well established technique, in particular for plants.
  • According to this reasoning, we should immediately stop trying to find cures for diseases. It's a natural part of evolution. By curing diseases we are trying to interfere with evolution.
  • An organism can adapt to a changing environment via phenotypic plasticity. No genotypic change takes place, this is quite common.
    --
    ...Linux!
  • its amazing to me how you all want so badly to believe man is an animal. like if you could boost an ape's iq a few notches then they'd have skyscrapers in the jungle. there is a distinct difference and you have to try very hard to ignore it.. but you all manage. to say that man's actions are "a part of nature" is to say that when a bird craps on my car its the same as when some punk kid comes by and breaks the windows. the bird is an animal; a biological machine that acts completely on stimulus/response. the punk kid is a human, a sentient however dimwitted PERSON with a mind and a set of morals, however underdeveloped. its amazing that the general masses today have all accepted a system of beliefs that is so fragile it disallows its followers the ability to even acknowledge thier own superiority and greater position in our planet's heirarchy than the creepy-crawlies at thier feet.
  • here here !!! ... finally someone who sings my song ... forget the animals ... with all the billions and billions of stars with all their planets and possible animals and ecostructures, who cares about some damn bird? ... when we hit new planets are we going to start cloning their old stuff? ... maybe just to study it ... but beyond that, who cares? ... i could see reserecting something we want to study, but not to have it "enter back into the chain of life" ... blah blah blah ... whatever ... and i'm even one of those celtic type tree hugger dips ... i'm more concerned i'm going to have sex and contract death ... mmm aids ... tastes like chicken ... forget the birds, how bout a cure for cancer
    -
  • Is it just me, or is the extinction of the Huia an example of European (rather than American) excess?

    For all the carping Europeans do about us, you'd think they never did a bad thing in all of modern history.

    Sheesh...

    --Corey
  • I would be curious about your plan to drop the population of the earth to 2/5 of its current population in one generation. I think you have been reading too much of Carol Lay's "Story Minute" comic.

    Perhaps you are asking for a condom drop over the Vatican. Or hoping the Chinese will 'request' that three of every five citizens 'volenteer' to off themselves.

    Or maybe you are thinking of the REALLY easy way of just nuking large areas of the world. Of course, that has some other side effects that doesn't help the situation.

    Anyway. It would be perferable if the world didn't have 5+ billion people but dropping it to 2 billion in one generation I don't think is fesable.

  • When reading this article, I thought it was exciting. To me, cloning an extinct animal is pretty big news. (The other thing that's got me as excited as this lately is Sony's robot dog, Aibo. Imagine, a robot dog anyone with 2 grand can own... it's just so neat.) However, when I mentioned it to my co-workers they had the same reaction people I know had to the robot dog, they said things like "So what?" "Ho-Hum" and "I don't care." Which brings me back to the subject of this post, blind cave fish on Mars. There are some plants and animals living deep in our ocean that don't need the sun at all, but thrive in an ecosystem in which volcanic activity seems to provide a substitute for the sun. I asked myself, "Supposing on Mars they found some blind cave fish (and algae for them to live on) who survived in the cold martian climate due to underground and underwater volcanic activity. How would people react?" My theory is a lot of people would think "So what?"

    Why? Because I think science fiction has people convinced that everything written about in science fiction novels, etc, will be proved true. So, while I hope people would be pretty excited at intelligent life on Mars (or, horrified if they looked like those things in Mars Attacks!) they'd be pretty bored by the concept of blind Martian cave-fish. Or cloning extinct birds as opposed to say, velociraptors or Tyrannosaurus Rex, which would probably be page one news (I hope).

    Hope I'm not too off topic here. Any thoughts?

  • There can be 2 genetially identical humans, its just a matter of probability (not including identical twins), that 2 humans will be alike. If i do recall correctly, its something like 20billion humans will produce the same person.... (:. so it's only a matter of time until we have 2 identical non-twins. that and finding them, tee hee.

    Pz
  • I think the idea of a cryogenic, genetic Noah's Ark is a good one, though for a different reason.

    Eventually (I hope) we're going to be heading out to other planets and colonizing the universe. Assuming that there isn't already an atmosphere and life there, we're going to have to terraform the planets we want to live on. Which means we're going to need to take along our own ecosystems. And bottling up a square mile of rainforest will kill your cargo space pretty quickly. Instead, we should take genetic samples of everything on earth. Then we can pack a cloning lab and cases of genetic material in our colony ships, so that they can create the flora and fauna when they get there. Much more space/mass efficient than "cold-sleep" or anything of the sort.

    Of course, there are a few problems with this.

    1. We don't yet understand too well how everything in nature gets along. We'd have to create all of the appropriate bacteria and fungi and all those other microscopic lifeforms that we don't normally think about but which are a crucial part of the ecosystem.

    2. Learned behavior would be lost. But how many animals have a significant amount of learned behavior in the first place? Instinct would be preserved, but we would want to find some way to teach the learned behavior.

    2a. How appropriate would earthly learned behavior be on a planet with, say, 3 times our gravity? I imagine getting birds to fly in such an environment would be much harder than just teaching them.
  • "But certain facets of evolutionism are exaggerated, for instance, if Man were once Ape, then why are Apes not continually in the process of becoming Man? " - you said that

    Well, they probably are, just they won't end up just like us. But then, it's tough to come up with proof, unless you will live 2 million years or have a camera that will watch...
  • You might want to avoid eating Bald Eagles. They're the top of a food chain. Plus, they're really just slightly more attractive buzzards. A Bald Eagle prefers to eat carrion, or drive another animal away from their kill, to hunting for it's own food. They're road-kill eaters. I always think about that when I see some hyped up "Eagle" logo on a patriotic or athletic display.
  • I read in Scientific American long ago that one of the great cats (cheetah, IIRC) had such a limited gene pool that it must have been narrowed down to as few as 17 individuals at some point in the history of the species. Maybe it wouldn't take but a dozen or a score of the birds to reintroduce this species.

  • Mosquitoes are a vitally important part of many food chains. Ask anyone (who knows a tiny bit about what he is talking about) in Southwest Florida.

    Massive spraying for mosquitoes kills the larvae which live on the surface of the water among mangrove roots. Many fish feed on these larvae as one of their primary food sources. The massive killing of the larvae caused a precipitous drop in the numbers of these fish. Those drops were blamed on commercial fishermen, and netfishing was banned. Lots of hard-working Floridians were suddenly left without livlihoods.

    Worse (in the minds of some) sportfishing declined somewhat as the number of snook and other popular quarries declined. Now, to eat snook commercially, one has to import it from Lake Victoria in Africa.

    All because mosquitoes are annoying.

    Of course, I'm not complaining too much. They are nasty vectors of disease (I got malaria in Africa from one of the buggers), but is is incredibly arrogant of humans to feel that they can meddle with links of systems that have been in existance for millions of years without causing profound imbalances in those systems.

    My two bits.

    -awc
  • Humans are part of nature and can facilitate natural evolution (whether or not nature is a good thing is another topic). Part of this birds or any animal's genetic domanance that will allow it to survive/resurface may very well be that it tastes good to us (or was cute in this case). Besides, how are we to know till we try? If we think better of what we did we can always dine on them back in to extinction. =)
    In the words of the great thinker Homer (Simpson). "We don't need a thinker, we need a do-er! Someone who is willing to take action without considering the consequences!"

    --Help me hack root on 127.0.0.1
    --panZ
  • It's also been suggested that parts could be
    grown on their own in cultures


    Or that they can be grown inside the body of the person who needs the spare.
  • There are other easier ways of dying. There's more purpose in making things that will help people out. There's no shortage of toxins or other potential problems humans would have.
  • Michael Chricton wrote the book. I think I spelled the name somewhat wrong, sorry.

    That life mirrors science fiction (or art in general) is only true to a limited extent. The less understood the science in question the less accurate the statement is. Jurassic Park only made use of dribblings of science fact mixed in with a lot more fiction to propel the story along. That's ok, its fiction, it isn't an essay.

    Suppose tomorrow we find out somebody has reproduced dinosaurs on an isolated island in the south pacific. Also suppose that these people abandon it for whatever reason. If certain predators such as the velociraptor were as efficient as portrayed in the movie the population would quickly die out. The birth rate of what the velociraptor consider foods just wouldn't be fast enough to maintain its food supply. The large herbivores would defoliate the island quicker than new foilage could grow.

    The point is that the book was written with a goal in mind: Dinosaurs run amock due to the capricious actions of scientific man. A certain amount of science fact to make the recreation of dinosaurs plausible was added. A whole lot of abuse of science went on to not only let the island run away but generate a sequel (or is it at 2 sequels now?)

    These extinct birds are a lot more understood than dinosaurs as well. Details such as its diet, flight range, mating habits and any special dietary staples may well be known. So for instance if it prefers to dine on an insect which is also preferred to be dined on by a 'modern' avian then it can be taken into consideration. Hopefully this is being done otherwise these people aren't scientists.

  • OK, folks, this sounds all nice and noble, but it is a damn bad idea. Some of these points have already been made; others have not. But here goes:

    1. If the attitude becomes "don't worry, we can always clone 'em later," we'll have no reason to protect endangered species anymore. This is bad, because ...

    2. At the present time, cloning is not sufficiently advanced to be a truly viable replacement for reproduction. And seeing as how there's only that one cloned sheep running around, has anyone checked to see whether or not Dolly is capable of reproduction? We could be pseudo-breeding a bunch of sterile animals, and have to keep cloning them, in which case the quality of the genetic "copies" will degrade in much the way that a copy of a copy of a copy etc. of an audio tape does.

    3. Introducing a species into an ecosystem, without full knowledge of how it interacts with the stuff that's already there, is a BAD IDEA . Cases in point: the Australian feral cat problem, chestnut blight, and even some attempts to reintroduce captivity-bred endangered species into the wild.

    4. That reminds me, do cloned animals have the same "survival instincts" that their normally-bred counterparts do? The whole thing could become a big old exercise in futility if not.

    I understand the nobility of the instinct. But you know what is paved with good intentions ... :P

    "The bats are doing just fine. There are hundreds of them. I have a terrible feeling we're in trouble." -Douglas Adams, Last Chance to See
  • by Oo.et.oO ( 6530 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @03:44AM (#1791949)
    some people are going to say thus and reason that this is why they should not be brought back to life. But with that reasoning then I tend to say hey then there must be a reason we have the ability to bring them back...

    I'm waiting for a saber tooth tiger to gaurd my lawn
    -eric
  • by fishCannon ( 17545 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @03:45AM (#1791958)
    It really isn't practical to save them all. There are so many species in danger of extinction that it would be impossible. I'm not saying that we shouldn't try, but rather that we should start with the ones that taste best.
  • One large problem they'll face is trying to clone enough of the different subspecies of the bird in order for the species to be genetically viable. This may be jumping the gun a bit (if they clone one, I'm sure everyone will be excited), but without a wide varied number of specimens to clone the species will eventually die out from genetic stagnation anyways. Perhaps they're just scraping off cells from those high-fashion feathers. There should be enough of them floating around that the feathers used will all come from different genetic samples (different birds).
    Salis
  • What is wrong with biotech? And what's wrong with the products thereof?

    I don't see any problems with disease resistant plants. And I would have no problems with being disease resistant myself ('cept that they can't use the same methods, for many and varied reasons). While I suppose it is possible for the crops to become weeds, if it's done right (which requires research and experimentation), then there will not be problems

    I also have no problems with experimentation on animals, and yes, humans. Being a furry and a transformationist, that's actually one of the things I look forward to in the next few decades (I wanna new body!).

    Experimentation on humans also has major medical benefits. If your kidney was becoming disfunctional, would you rather they grow you a new one from your own cells (or DNA at least), or have to wait and, maybe, get one from a donor? I'd rather have the first, myself.

    Knowlege is a valuable thing, and all stopping the research will do is slow down the increase in knowlege. It won't stop it, as illicit research will still continue, but it will make it be in the hands of those who would use it to do exactly what those who wish to stop the research are fearing. And we will have no defense, no way to counter it.

    I'd say biotech is one of the best things to happen to us this century. Without it, many of the advance that proponents of nanotech envision would be impossible (particularly medical nano). Without it, we would be unable to grow skin for burn victims, and, according to some reports, soon entire new organs.

    Rhys Dyfrgi
    ---

  • OK, so I can perfectly grow a sack or five of spare parts, and have no fear of ruining my body, because I can just pop a new liver, set of lungs, or whatever in?

    Yeah, sure. I bet the tobacco industry would just love that. *smirk*

    Of course, this logic falls apart at a few critical points: how bad does your quality of life due to the malfunctioning organ have to degrade before it's time for a replacement?

    Also, even if I can just pop in a new heart after a few too many five-egg omelettes with lots of nice greasy bacon, that's not going to fix my blood vessels. Do we have to clone those too? :)

    And of course, eventually folks will run out of quality replacement parts, and whatever bad habits have been established are going to be even trickier to break (smoking, too much alcohol, too much caffeine, too much fat). It's not going to make us immortal. ;)

  • The solution is not as simple as just cloning the extinct creatures. You have to solve the question of "Why are they extinct?"

    As man takes over more and more natural habitats and destroys the homes of these creatures, we are killing them and the only way of life they know. Will cloning them stop that destruction? No.

    The Great Panda is going extinct from this destruction and the fact that they don't mate all that often. The only thing that kept them around before was a large enough space to have a large enough population to overcome the slow reproduction rate. Is cloning going to solve the space issue?

    In the case of the Huia bird the reason they are extinct is that man hunted them down. Cloning might work in this case... but it won't in all others.


    Persnickity
  • by mvw ( 2916 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @03:52AM (#1791999) Journal
    Species go extinct constantly. It's a natural part of evolution. By cloning an extinct species, we are just trying to interfere with evolution.

    We are a part of nature too! So if we interfere, this interference is part of natural evolution. Many people seem to believe that man made stuff is unnatural, as if we were something special next to nature.

    Consider this:
    This bird has of course an evolutionary advantage, as it is able to be cute enough in our view to motivate some effort to genetically restaurate it (as much as this is possible). You can bet that some ancient 10ft tall slimy hairy monster creature that went extinct won't get this privilege.
    (I assume that billg or some other weirdo with bucks is not a big fan of ancient 10ft tall slimy hairy creatures :)

  • Costs? Not necessarily. There's a difference, cost-wise, between SUPPRESSING a technology or anything else, as such, and just not encouraging its development.
    In the specific case of nuclear "stuff," it's tightly regulated for various reasons (not just the potential for some crazy person to blow us all up, but also for the potential of some careless person making others very sick with radiation poisoning). I'm not saying that scientists shouldn't be allowed to study cloning, but I'd really rather they weren't getting government funding to perfect it. I also have always believed that just because we can do something doesn't mean we should.
  • by marvinx ( 9011 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @03:54AM (#1792032) Homepage
    Has anyone looked at the impact that this will have on the ecosystem? What are the natural predators of this bird? What is their food source? Will they slide right back into the food chain? You can't just reintroduce a species unless you have looked at its impact. Sure, it's nice to bring a species back to life, but will that upset the already fragile balance of our ecosystems?
  • by vr ( 9777 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @03:56AM (#1792042)
    (dark, eerie voice:) All they wanted to do was bring an extinct species back to life.. All they wanted to do was to give nature a second chance..
    But something went wrong. Something went very wrong in the laboratory, which had fatal precussions. .. and now they're back .. The flesh-eating Huia birds from hell! Buahhahahahahahaahahha..

    From director John Woo. Starring Bruce Willis as a farmer from New Zealand, and Gary Oldman as the master of the Huia-birds.

    Coming soon to a park or forest near you.
  • What I want to know is, why isn't the answer that we as a society should try to behave more ethically, responsibly, and/or intelligently?

    It would be nice, wouldn't it? However, legislating that X technology should/shouldn't be used is a heck of a lot easier than persuading people to be ethical, responsible, and/or intelligent.

    Granted, it is the easy way out. I'd rather that society as a whole become more ethical, responsible, and intelligent. However, I'd rather not [be blown up by a nuclear bomb/have some idiot clone 1000 Hitlers/allow people to hunt a species to extinction because "we can always clone it later"/etc.] while waiting for society to mold itself into what I wish it was. :)
  • If you want to say that the actions of humans in killing the animal off are "a natural part of evolution", then you must acknowledge that humans cloning an animal is also natural. The argument decides nothing either way, and what we're left with is an ethical decision.

    Ethically, I think it makes perfect sense to undo damage that we have done. From a purely species-centric standpoint, more biodiversity makes for a more beautiful planet, as well as a healthier environment for us, overall. From an altruistic standpoint, our arrogance and shortsighted selfishness caused the extinction in the first place, and if we have the opportunity to undo our actions, we should.

    Kythe
    (Remove "x"'s from

  • The tampering was done in the 1920s when man made hats out of the entire popupation. In a sense, this is an attempt to minimise that impact.

  • "I'm sorry I clobbered your species to keep my wife happy"

    Which from a evolutionary point of view is a perfectly good reason as it gives you an increased chance of mating with women of objectionable ethics.

  • Here's the thing. In theory, resurrecting an extinct species is a Good Thing. Because of this, the idea of cloning an extinct species seems to be the ideal solution. In reality, however, this is hardly the case.

    First, you see, you need to find intact DNA of the birds. Considering how long it has been, finding intact DNA of a Huia bird is going to be exceedingly difficult, particularly since you need to find the DNA of more than one (at the absolute least you need one male and one female).

    One male and one female, however, is hardly enough. You need to find hundreds. Why? Well, consider this: if you clone two birds and mate them, the offspring will all be siblings by definition. Who, now, do you mate these with? Your only choice is to mate them with each other. This leads to an entire species of inbred birds, which (because the birds would inherit every single recessive gene which the parents posessed) would be devastating to the gene pool (even more so than unrestricted hunting, which is why cloning animals of an endangered species also would not work).

    Our technology isn't at the point where engineering the necessary differences into hundreds of clones is a feasible thing. We haven't even mapped out the Huia bird genome yet; that alone will take years (if it's even possible, given that the species is extinct so the effects of the various genes cannot be observed).

    That's the thing. This would be a great idea, if it could be done. But with our current technology, it can't. We're simply not at that point yet. It's a good dream to have, but for now that's all it will remain: a dream. Any attempts to do this now will result in nothing but millions of wasted dollars, money better spent developing the technology that will make this dream actually work.
  • That problem may be solvable by cross breeding with a similar bird, and then selectivly breeding the offspring back to the original genome. That is already being done with a few species where it wasn't possable to find enough breeding pairs to produce a robust gene pool.

    The result isn't exactly the original species, but it is close, and has enough genetic diversity to be viable.

  • What do they plan to do with these newly revived birds once they 'make' them? Are they going to be re-released into the wild? No doubt in 70 years the ecosystem they once lived in has changed so that reinserting them may prove harmful to either the birds, the land, or both.

    Man, I wish scientists would actually be a little more broad-minded about what they're doing.
  • Well, in the extremely UNlikely case that this situation were ever to occur, I'd allow the research. I would not, however, run screaming through the media saying "this is the greatest thing since the wheel and sliced bread!" unless I was VERY sure that it was that good.

    As I've seen posted online elsewhere "If I invoke the deity Electricity, it doesn't matter from its perspective whether I use its power to light my house or electrocute my neighbor. The society I live in will have definite opinions on the matter, however."

    Nothing wrong with progress or with scientific research. Lots of things wrong with progress-for-its-own-sake. I'm also VERY "iffy" on genetic-based science thanks to my experiences in the les/bi/gay community. Find us a conclusive "gay gene," and folks will start aborting genetically gay fetuses. OTOH, find "straight" folk with the "gay gene," and the fundies get more proof that we're a bunch of perverts who can change if we really WANT to. Damned if we do, damned if we don't. It sucks.

    I'm not sure what the answer is. Disallow "abusive" uses of new technology? "Abusive" by whose standards? Like I said before, we can't just "implant" a moral code of any kind into someone's brain. [See the previous paragraph for one very obvious way in which this fails ...]

    The thing that you can't ignore, however, is the very real extent to which politics drives scientific and medical "discoveries." (Compare the history of Viagra with the history of either the Pill or RU486 sometime ... and yes, RU486 has uses other than abortion.) But I'm tired. G'night. :)
  • by 0xdeadbeef ( 28836 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @04:05AM (#1792092) Homepage Journal
    Yea, agriculture seemed like such a good idea until we found out how yucky soggy bread is.

    Nuts and berries forever! :)
  • It won't do any good to bring the bird back if we don't also take out it's number one predator, opposums. Since it is a marsupial, hence very different from all desired animals in New Zealand, it should have a very different immune system. If we could develop three seperate viruses that would be very fatal to marsupials and release them all over New Zealand at once then the opposum population should plummet to a level where they cannot find mates locally and die off. Not that this would solve all of NZ's wildlife problems but it would help one heck of a lot. You'd probably have to remove all captive kangaroos and wallabys etc. first.
  • by LLatson ( 24205 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @04:07AM (#1792102) Homepage
    First, the article says that this is a result of a bunch of high school kids who decided to have a 'conference' on the subject. Great for them, and it looks like they even have a few financial backers, but I would be pretty surprised if this project still exists in a few years time.

    Second, if this thing does work, it will be very interesting to see how they plan on reestablishing an entire species population from one (or a few) cloned birds. There is a common problem in genetics called a bottleneck. Every animal of a species contains specific genes for certain traits. When the population is reduced so greatly, the genes for some traits are lost forever. (Someone with some experience in genetics can correct if i'm (likely) wrong here). Some genes are lost forever. So the species that will result from this cloning project won't be a nearly as diverse as the original.

    Anyway, I know this has been a problem for species like the California Condor, when its population dropped so low.

    Third, Dolly the clone is having some serious genetic problems right now. She is not a normal sheep. She is aging quicker, because her very first embryonic cell was not a fresh cell like a normal embryo, but an already aged cell from her
    "mother." I wonder what effect this will have on the birds if their entire species is founded this way...? Will they only live half the normal life-span of their original counterparts?

    Anyway, I like the idea. I don't have any ethical problems with it, but I think there a lot of practical problems that need to be addressed, and I wouldn't expect this species to miraculously reappear in New Zealand, healthy and unchanged from its original.

    LL

  • Well, you see, there's this other problem with scientific research. It has this interesting tendency to reinforce any bias that might already exist on the part of the scientist or the society that reads (and frequently misinterprets) the scientific research. Phrenology, anyone? Penis envy, how's that for a TRULY inane concept? And more recently, the psychiatry-created epidemic of MPD and "recovered memories" (don't have the link in front of me; go hang out at www.religioustolerance.org if you're interested).

    And YES, it is absolutely the best idea to deal with ethical issues head-on. I would certainly not say anything to the contrary. But this is NOT being done, in most cases. You either get one extreme (the inane hoops that have to be jumped through to prove that certain medications are safe, for instance, when it's pretty darn obvious that they are), or you get the other (raising endangered species in captivity and then wondering why there is a problem when reintroducing them to the wild).

    One of the biggest problems is that to a lot of people, Science is God. And to a lot of other people, God is Science. Pretty much precludes ANY discussion on moral issues between the two extremes. "All scientific advances are progress and must be encouraged at all costs" vs. "I don't see that in the Bible, so it must be evil."

    The chances of a rational ethical debate in this society at large are almost nil, I fear. [And going with the off-topic bit: Yes, I agree that the gay community segment that is supporting genetic research is shooting itself in the proverbial foot. However, given that some people will Only Listen To Science, it's all that segment thinks it has to go on.]

    I suppose this is one issue where the questions are more valuable than the answers, but do you really believe that the majority of the population is going to bother to think this through rather than knee-jerking one way or another? *wry smile*
  • by CWCarlson ( 2884 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @04:16AM (#1792130)
    If, as previous posters have hypothesized, this all boils down to an ethical question concerning our ability to reverse damage done, then my vote would be to leave extinct species where they are.

    By saying that it's okay to clone previously-extinct creatures, we would be condoning even more widespread unnecessary slaughter of creatures. Poachers would feel even more justified in their actions because the scientists could just clone up some more. Farms of once-vanished creatures would spring up to stock hunting preserves.

    We should let them lie in peace, and learn our lesson from their absence. Destroying creatures for any reason besides preservation of our own lives (either to serve as a source of nutrition or in self-defense) is an abhorrent practice. If learning that means we have a few guilt trips from time to time, then so be it.

  • Which Jurassic Park consequences are you talking about? Perhaps the consequences of carnivores eating meat? Yeah, real ecological tragedy there. The problems in that movie came about not because Hammond "tampered with nature", but because he thought of a Tyrannosaurus Rex as a cute toy and money-making endeavor, and because Nedry was money-hungry. All of the problems in that movie/book were caused by greed and ignorance, not by the cloning itself.

    As for Gattica, and people with defects being considered "less than human", I invite you to spend some time observing people today. (in America; I don't know if this holds true in other countries) Listen to reports of people getting pulled over by police for DWB (driving while black). Watch tv news reports of white supremacist churches. Visit a junior high, and look at how the fat kids are treated, or how the ones with thick glasses are treated. All the horror of Gattaca exists today. And we don't even see people as less than human because they have "defects". We look down on them simply because they are visibly different from us.
  • by substrate ( 2628 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @04:36AM (#1792139)
    I've noticed that whenever a contraversial scientific discovery or application of a technique is brought up in the press the same thing happens. Everybody points to Hollywood science fiction movies as some sort of proof that the scheme will be the doom of mankind. These are just stories, they're meant to entertain and occasionaly enlighten. The emphasis is entertainment though.

    The public loves to see science gone awry and so science fiction authors and script writers use scientific cause and effect hyperbole to make money. This is a shame because in reality science and the scientific method has helped mankind more than its harmed it. Plagues were dampened in the bad old days by the scientific method: A statician noticed a correlation between disease outbreaks and proximities to contaminated water. The scientific method kept our ancestors alive: Eating berries from this bush makes us ill. Science brought us vaccines, analgesics, anti-inflamattories etc.

    This doesn't mean blindly accept all scientific concepts or endeavours, but don't point at by-and-large poorly written science fiction as evidence.
  • The wilidlife in NZ became extremely specialised, due to its long isolation. Until man arrived, the only mamal was a fruit bat - all other creatures were birds or reptiles. The birds especially became very specialised with many losing the ability to fly (Kakapo, weka, kiwi etc.). The role filled by small mamals in most other places was filled by some fairly large insects (Weta for example)

    I doubt that re-introducing the Huia will disrupt the ecosystem that much. There may be a problem that some of its food sources are now scarce though, which could make its continued survival difficult.

    NZ has some really interesting (many extinct) animals. Some would be 'interesting' to clone - the moa, which was bigger than the emu, and an eagle that could hunt moa - now that had a seriously big wing-span (imagine if that crapped on your windscreen)

    BTW, there is some serious searching going on at the moment as there may be evidence that the Huia is not extinct. A similar thing happened with the Takahe, which was believed (until fairly recently) to be extinct. Also, blaming its extinction on whites is being somewhat politically correct - the Maori played quite a large part in decimating this bird too.
  • by volsung ( 378 ) <stan@mtrr.org> on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @04:22AM (#1792150)
    While it is nice to think that we could stop tampering with nature, it's not practical. As our population nears 7 billion, the human race is becoming a major influence on the environment, whether we want to or not. Just the amount of agriculture needed to support that kind of a population represents a lot of tampering with the environment. No amount of fad-environmentalism is going to change that.

    Granted, this case of cloning birds is silly. This is being done as a PR stunt for the cloning industry to show the positive uses of cloning. Since it's politically correct to help animals, people will have a hard time arguing with this.

    But as a general principle, "leave nature alone" is simply not an option. Unless you decide to execute 80% of the population, we have to tamper with nature, or nature will execute those people the slow way. Our only option is to try and understand the complex system we are living in a minimize unwanted side-effects.

    Tampering with nature does produce unexpected consequences, but if we do our job right, the benefits outweigh the consequences. Penecillin saved millions of lives (perhaps even a billion), but it generated some drug resistant diseases. Do we regret penecillin? No. Someday we might, but as long as we can stay ahead of the bacteria, we'll be okay.

    Or how about the plow? That gave us agriculture, (which gave us cities, etc.) but also indirectly helped cause the overpopulation problem we have today. Do I regret being well-fed? No! I have faith that we will figure out a way to deal with overpopulation.

    So, you're right that "every time we tamper with nature, it has led to unexpected consequences." It has also led to some expected consequences which are often beneficial to us. The only decision we have to make is which is more significant.

  • KFC is going to love this.
    Origional, barb, etc :)
  • Folks, really,

    Cloning something that we've either driven into extinction, or that has died out on it's own, is playing God.

    I strongly believe in Darwinism, and if the animal died out for natural reasons (without humans being the accountable cause) then we must leave nature be.

    If the animal died out as a result of direct human abuse, then by bringing it back we are openning the door to further exploitation of that animal. This would not only be cruel to the reanimated species, but to all others, since the sense of human responsibility vis a vis the environment would diminish.

    Once we see that we can be irresponsible with life, simply because we have the means to reverse extinction, we will be less willing to stop ourselves. Consider pachyderm hunting. It is now illegal to kill elephants and rhinoscerosesusesi for tusks and horns. It still happens, but the governments forbid it. If governments had the means of assuring that the animal will not go extinct, then the hunting bans would be lifted or relaxed, or at least, bribing officials would become even more common. In either case, the animals would be slain left and right.

    We may be able to bring back the dead, in terms of species, but we'd be less respectful of the lives of individual animals (for one) and the welfare of entire species (for another) if we knew that all we have to do is splice some genes, and prosto chango!! We can all have a pet do-do bird, carrier pigeon, or velociraptor.

    This is all just my opinion, but we get one chance at life after all. If we die (you, me, individually) we may be cloned as individuals too - but it won't be 'us' anymore. We only get one chance through this world, and if we screw it up, it's a lesson we have to learn, and a consequence we - and those who follow - must face.
  • by jabber ( 13196 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @04:50AM (#1792192) Homepage
    Spielberg and Hitchcock, together at last!
  • The huia is unlikely to have any significant impact on the New Zealand ecosystem. I believe it ate only berries, and had no serious predators. If introduced to the wild, it would now face a number of predators, primarily possums, unless released into one of the few possum-free bird sanctuaries. They didn't grow out of control before, and things are only harder for them now. As a side note, many of the native NZ birds have done very poorly over the last 200 years as predators have been introduced, and it seems hard to imagine one causing problems even after a long absence.
  • by dattaway ( 3088 ) on Wednesday July 21, 1999 @06:09AM (#1792198) Homepage Journal
    Would having your telomeres longer make you start growing again and sprouting fresh new organs? Look, I'm 9'11" and have four arms. Let's play some basketball! Sounds like it could possibly trigger cancerous cells.
  • You're correct about the bottleneck; however, there's not much of a difference between reviving an extinct species, and restoring one that's almost extinct (in the case of the California Condor). Either way, the bottleneck exists. Your second point about the premature aging of the sheep is explained thusly: there is a strand of DNA called a telomere which dictates the cell age; it shortens each time the cell divides. The reason Dolly seems older is because she began life with pre-shortened telomeres in her DNA. However, any offspring that she, or any other similarly cloned animal, were to have would have normal-length telomeres (assuming a "natural" birth).

FORTUNE'S FUN FACTS TO KNOW AND TELL: A black panther is really a leopard that has a solid black coat rather then a spotted one.

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