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AI Earth Science

Did Capturing Carbon from the Air Just Get Easier? (berkeley.edu) 121

"We passed Berkeley air — just outdoor air — into the material to see how it would perform," says U.C. Berkeley chemistry professor Omar Yaghi, "and it was beautiful.

"It cleaned the air entirely of CO2," Yaghi says in an announcement from the university. "Everything."

SFGate calls it "a discovery that could help potentially mitigate the effects of climate change..." Yaghi's lab has worked on carbon capture since the 1990s and began work on these crystalline structures in 2005. The innovative substance has lots of tiny holes, making it "great for storing gases or liquids, much like a sponge holds water," Yaghi said... While it could take one to two years for the powder to be usable in large-scale applications, Yaghi co-founded Atoco, an Irvine company, to commercialize his research and expand it beyond just carbon capture and storage.
"Capturing carbon from the air just got easier," says the headline on the anouncement from the university, which explains why this technology is crucial: [T]oday's carbon capture technologies work well only for concentrated sources of carbon, such as power plant exhaust. The same methods cannot efficiently capture carbon dioxide from ambient air, where concentrations are hundreds of times lower than in flue gases. Yet direct air capture, or DAC, is being counted on to reverse the rise of CO2 levels, which have reached 426 parts per million, 50% higher than levels before the Industrial Revolution. Without it, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we won't reach humanity's goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degreesC (2.7 degreesF) above preexisting global averages.

A new type of absorbing material developed by chemists at the University of California, Berkeley, could help get the world to negative emissions... According to Yaghi, the new material could be substituted easily into carbon capture systems already deployed or being piloted to remove CO2 from refinery emissions and capture atmospheric CO2 for storage underground. UC Berkeley graduate student Zihui Zhou, the paper's first author, said that a mere 200 grams of the material, a bit less than half a pound, can take up as much CO2 in a year — 20 kilograms (44 pounds) — as a tree.

Their research was published this week in the journal Nature.

And it's also interesting that they're using AI, according to the university's announcement: Yaghi is optimistic that artificial intelligence can help speed up the design of even better COFs and MOFs for carbon capture or other purposes, specifically by identifying the chemical conditions required to synthesize their crystalline structures. He is scientific director of a research center at UC Berkeley, the Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet (BIDMaP), which employs AI to develop cost-efficient, easily deployable versions of MOFs and COFs to help limit and address the impacts of climate change. "We're very, very excited about blending AI with the chemistry that we've been doing," he said.
Another potential use could be for harvesting water from desert air for drinking water, Yaghi told SFGate. But he seems very focused specifically on carbon capture.

"Another thing is that we need a strong determination among officials and industries to make carbon capture a high priority. Things have to change, but I believe that direct carbon capture from air is very doable."
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Did Capturing Carbon from the Air Just Get Easier?

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  • by rossdee ( 243626 ) on Saturday October 26, 2024 @08:44PM (#64896757)

    "Zihui Zhou, the paper's first author, said that a mere 200 grams of the material, a bit less than half a pound, can take up as much CO2 in a year — 20 kilograms (44 pounds) — as a tree."

    And what does it do with it?

    • Carbonate beverages, duh.
    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      And how much CO2 is generated producing that 200 grams?

    • by Alain Williams ( 2972 ) <addw@phcomp.co.uk> on Saturday October 26, 2024 @09:33PM (#64896831) Homepage

      To answer the second question first: you heat it to 60C and it releases the CO2 -- which you then have to do something with.

      The first question: I suspect that the 20Kg of CO2 is the total that is captured & released over many cycles in a year.

      The two questions that I would like answered are:

      1) how much energy does it take to run a capture/release cycle? Hopefully generating this energy produces much less CO2 than is captured by this process.

      2) what can/do you do with the CO2 captured by this stuff ? How much energy does this take ?

      • by drnb ( 2434720 ) on Saturday October 26, 2024 @09:49PM (#64896847)
        There may be an excellent application for this tech, CO2 scrubbing aboard a nuclear submarine or a spacecraft.

        To answer the second question first: you heat it to 60C and it releases the CO2 -- which you then have to do something with.

        Release it into the ocean or space.

        how much energy does it take to run a capture/release cycle?

        On a nuclear sub that isn't really a problem. On a spacecraft, I'm sure it can be made to work - solar is pretty good in space.

        • Seriously? You've never heard of acidification? And you think (assuming the oxygen gets stripped off) those carbon ions won't come back down and make CO2 again? You're like the guy who leaves his fridge open to cool down his house.
          • by drnb ( 2434720 )

            Seriously? You've never heard of acidification? And you think (assuming the oxygen gets stripped off) those carbon ions won't come back down and make CO2 again? You're like the guy who leaves his fridge open to cool down his house.

            OMFG

            You do realize what the source of CO2 is for air scrubbing aboard nuclear submarines? It's the exhalation of the crew. That's an insignificant amount of CO2 to dump into the ocean.

            Also notice that such exhalation is normally dumped into the atmosphere.

            Also note that the CO2 of exhalation is carbon neutral, it a process that long predates industrialization.

          • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

            He's talking about life support CO2 scrubbing.

            To answer the question you're actually asking, if you've got concentrated CO2 there are a bunch of things you can do to sequester it. Pump it into old mines or oil fields, turn it into carbonate salts and bury it, and yes, inject it into the ocean, although you best want to do that around basalt deposits that absorb it from the water, or into sediment in the very deep ocean.

            • Or we could just let nature deal with it how it normally does, plants and trees use it. In artificial greenhouses, if you really want plants to grow fast you pump in co2, the more co2, the faster they grow (to a point). Plants need co2 in a similar way to how we need oxygen. This co2 scrubber idea is short sighted.
              • by DavenH ( 1065780 )
                No we can't. Nature isn't "dealing with it", the concentration of atmospheric co2 is going up steadily, and the rate is increasing. There is some greening from higher co2, but it doesn't offset the amount added, not nearly.
              • We've increased CO2 by over 50% with basically no change in CO2 uptake. Almost as if science has already studied this and found it doesn't work. CO2 isn't the limiting factor, it's nitrogen.

                https://www.scientificamerican... [scientificamerican.com]

                Even if it did, there's not enough arable land to grow enough trees...and grow our food. And, funny thing, forests are net carbon sources for the first 10-20 years of growth.

                https://www.pbs.org/video/surp... [pbs.org]

                They need multiple decades before becoming net carbon sinks. And then after 8

              • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

                You could use concentrated CO2 to supply greenhouses, but the demand is nowhere near enough. And if you actually want to remove net CO2 from the atmosphere you have to do something with all the plants. Plants aren't magic, they absorb CO2 during the day and respirate it at night the same way you do. Surplus is integrated into their tissues (the same way you do) and generally released back to the environment, eventually as CO2, the same way you are.

                CO2 sequestration strategies are not short sighted, they're

        • You should never release things into space that isn't offset of matter imported unto earth. if you start with a negative import/export of matter that will land you in a future bad place. Disregarding the problem of transporting it up the gravity well.

          If you have concentrated CO2 you might be able to use solar or windpower and some catalyst to split it into O2 and some solid carbon compound. Just storing it is not a solution.

          And the oceans is already starting to reach their limit on amount of CO2 they can ta

          • You should never release things into space that isn't offset of matter imported unto earth.

            Umm....Srsly?

            https://www.astronomy.com/scie... [astronomy.com]

          • The main issue is that we haven't got a clue what will happen if we reach some tipping point of acidity of the oceans, how microbiology will fare that will break the food chain.

            We do actually and it's quite bad. Shellfish farmers in the north west discovered crop losses back in the 2000s expressly due to the increasing acidity of the ocean. They had to actively add base PH to the water before putting it in their tanks.

            https://e360.yale.edu/features... [yale.edu]

            These are very tiny creatures that mimic the base food chain plankton that are also showing the affects of acidification.
            https://www.smithsonianmag.com... [smithsonianmag.com]

            My prediction is the oceans are going to be basically dead in 20-40 years. T

          • by drnb ( 2434720 )

            You should never release things into space that isn't offset of matter imported unto earth.

            Earth is constantly importing matter. It's constantly raining down upon us. Sometimes we can see it as a pretty streak of light.

            As I started reading your first sentence I was expecting a lecture on a course alteration, so venting needs to be carefully balanced. But you went elsewhere, thanks for the surprise.

            Disregarding the problem of transporting it up the gravity well.

            I was kind of expecting the spacecraft to already be up there.

            But just for submarine air scrubbing of the human exhaust, like other replies says, that is negligible.

            I wasn't suggesting any else. Just that the tech could have CO2 scrubbing applications on subs and spacecraft.

            • First off, it's always nice to be able to surprise a fellow human being every once in a while.

              Disregarding the problem of transporting it up the gravity well.

              I was kind of expecting the spacecraft to already be up there.

              But if the spacecraft is up there? How do we get the bound co2 up to the spacecraft? Are you contemplating an elevator? Have you been having naughty thoughts? :-p

              • by drnb ( 2434720 )

                But if the spacecraft is up there? How do we get the bound co2 up to the spacecraft?

                I was thinking that people would go up there with the spacecraft, hence the CO2.

        • CO2 in the ocean causes flux in acidity levels. It's a no-go unless you plan on killing off ocean life. Believe it or not, that's kinda a critical component of the biosphere. I would guess at some point we'll start stockpiling CO2 canisters in some cavern somewhere, and a few centuries from now there will be some earthquake that shatters most of them, making some future civ wonder why CO2 levels are suddenly jumping through the the ceiling. We're experts at moving the goalposts. We suck at actual solutions.

          • by drnb ( 2434720 )

            CO2 in the ocean causes flux in acidity levels. It's a no-go unless you plan on killing off ocean life.

            The sub's CO2 is from human respiration, insignificant levels of CO2. We are not talking about industrial scale.

            • And I was referring to "dumping the results" of this new fangled thingy into the ocean. It's a bad idea. Subs? Yeah, that's nothing a few naturally occurring algae mats can't take care of. Scrubbing the entire atmosphere and dumping that into the ocean would be what we used to refer to as a clusterfuck builder.

              • by drnb ( 2434720 )

                And I was referring to "dumping the results" of this new fangled thingy into the ocean.

                But you are responding to a post about using this new fangled thing on a sub or spacecraft, hence the title and the content you responded to: "On a nuclear sub that isn't really a problem."

                Scrubbing the entire atmosphere and dumping that into the ocean would be what we used to refer to as a clusterfuck builder.

                Straw man, perhaps you replied to the wrong post.

      • 1) how much energy does it take to run a capture/release cycle?

        Most of the energy is heat. At 60C, that can be waste heat, such as the steam exhaust from a nuclear power plant.

        For comparison, the current DAC technique uses lye (sodium hydroxide) to absorb the CO2, forming Na2CO3. This is then reacted with lime (calcium oxide) to form calcium carbonate, which precipitates out of solution. The CaCO3 is then baked at 900C to convert it back to lime while releasing the CO2.

        60C is a hecka lot better than 900C.

        2) what can/do you do with the CO2 captured by this stuff ?

        Enhanced oil recovery [wikipedia.org] is the only application for this technolog

        • by Rei ( 128717 )

          Here in Iceland, 60C is below even the temperature of the municipal water distribution system. Like, you could use the waste of power generation for municipal heating, and if you had a sufficiently high flow rate / low temperature drop, you could use the waste of that for CO2 absorbant regeneration.

          Also, wells that produce 60C heating well, due to our high thermal gradient.

          I think most people here would be more than happy to see Iceland gain an industry of becoming a major CO2 sequesterer for the world, wh

          • Economically viable is definitely a problem.

            For me the way you do that is you have governments 'borrow' against the savings of future reductions of disaster from climate change to fund it.

            Governments are the only entity capable of doing that - they're the ones that eventually pay the disaster clean up.

            And in our favor, governments are the only entity we can directly control. Of course we need people to vote and not be seduced by charlatans claiming it's a hoax or that we can't fix it so it's better to just

      • by Rei ( 128717 )

        which you then have to do something with.

        Here in Iceland we actually have a borehole into a natural CO2 reservoir that we produce from. To repeat that: we're literally mining CO2 from the earth - to bottle it up for greenhouses to use. So, things like that are obvious uses, for limited quantities of CO2. As are other industrial processes - indeed, if oil prices went too high and/or energy prices sufficiently low, CO2 would be a viable feedstock for producing petrochemicals, as it can be converted to syn

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        If you only need 60C then you can just use the sun to heat it, even in winter. Concentrated solar will easily get you to 60C. Alternatively, a heat pump running from cheap renewable energy when there is an excess of it available.

        As for what to do with it, sequester it.

      • by e3m4n ( 947977 )

        Is it capturing co2 or just the carbon leaving the oxygen? A tree doesnt store compressed gas and the ratio of 20kg to 200g seems a bit intense for it to be gasses. If its pure carbon there would be a lot of graphite or graphene possibilities.

    • by sraak ( 557865 )

      They wait until AI can talk to the trees. Then they ask what to do with that "stored" co2....

    • "And what does it do with it?"

      Literally anything other than heating the goddamn atmosphere. That's the point.

  • So it's a crystal-form substance. What is the temperature that it stops absorbing at, and what is the temperature that it releases the co2 again? Because (wiki says) Venus is "At the surface it has a mean temperature of 737 K (464 C; 867 F) and a pressure of 92 times that of Earth's at sea level." Co2 is still an oxygen-containing molecule, and getting the oxygen out of it when needed is going to be on someone's "must-do" list someday. "Cleaning" a 96% amount out of a planetary atmosphere long enough to mak
    • by drnb ( 2434720 )
      Put it on a nuclear sub as a CO2 scrubber, the sub should have enough power for the gizmo needed.
  • Until proven otherwise, I'm invoking Betteridge's Law of Headlines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
  • I think the rule for headlines like this is that the answer is almost always "No"

  • Trees are the best air filter ever !
  • Another potential use could be for harvesting water from desert air for drinking water, Yaghi told SFGate.

    Uncle Owen : I have no need for a protocol droid.

    C-3PO : Of course you haven't, sir, not in an environment such as this. That's why I have been programmed...

    Uncle Owen : What I really need is a droid who understands the binary language of moisture vaporators.

  • So you have a material that captures CO2. That's only one tiny step. Given that the material is expensive, you then need to extract the CO2 in a controlled fashion capture it in (probably) tanks, transport it, and then sequester it in some fashion.

    So far, none of the schemes for doing all of this have gone beyond greenwashing. The energy required to produce the needed materials, to manipulate the CO2, and to sequester it produce far more CO2 than is actually removed from the atmosphere.

    IMHO this is a dumb

  • by eniac42 ( 1144799 ) on Sunday October 27, 2024 @06:46AM (#64897327) Journal
    Sadly, this sounds like greenwashing. There are 3 trillion trees on earth, so to get anywhere near equalling that CO2 absorbsion capacity needs nearly a trillion kg of this stuff. Despite being talked about for decades, carbon capture has captured near zero CO2. Just build new wind, solar, tidal, stop burning fossil fuels and stop wasting money on this sort of thing.
  • That is always the question they don't answer.
  • Once that 0.04% of Earrth's atmosphere is totally scrubbed away, plant life on Earth becomes totally extinct.

  • This group created a MOF called MOF-808 that was too facile and the regeneration process too energy intensive to be commercially usable. The new molecule this time is called COF-999.

    Two years ago, his lab created a very promising material, MOF-808, that adsorbs CO2, but the researchers found that after hundreds of cycles of adsorption and desorption, the MOFs broke down. These MOFs were decorated inside with amines (NH2 groups), which efficiently bind CO2 and are a common component of carbon capture materi

  • It sounds like someone has a severe case of not invented here.
  • I'm glad to know that carbon capture will solve all our problems. Now I no longer need to worry about spewing CO_2 into the atmosphere.

  • Build a floating version of it and set it loose in the Venusian atmosphere.

  • I haven't yet found any information regarding the fraction of the Earth's atmosphere that can pass through carbon scrubbers in, say, a year. That would seem to be a key factor limiting the value of scrubbers. Sufficiently efficient scrubbers will probably be cost effective contributors to reduction of the greenhouse effect, but it would be nice to know their limits.

    Presumably, carbon scrubbers are much more effective when deployed at the sites of CO2 emissions. I would also like to see a discussion of how a

  • The climate angle is the one that grabs eyeballs. The material can be used to capture carbon, but it doesn't really deal with whether that is a practical application. But if, as suggested, you really can just add this material to the existing scrubbers and turn a coal plant carbon neutral, that is a revolution.
  • Instant reaction: rebreathers? Life support in space capsules?

This is clearly another case of too many mad scientists, and not enough hunchbacks.

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