Slashdot is powered by your submissions, so send in your scoop

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
Space

The Loss of Dark Skies Is So Painful, Astronomers Coined a New Term For It: 'Noctalgia' (space.com) 122

Humanity is slowly losing access to the night sky, and astronomers have invented a new term to describe the pain associated with this loss: "noctalgia," meaning "sky grief." Space.com reports: Along with our propensity for polluting air and water and the massive amounts of carbon we're dumping into the atmosphere to trigger climate change, we have created another kind of pollution: light pollution. [...] Given the harmful effects of light pollution, a pair of astronomers has coined a new term to help focus efforts to combat it. Their term, as reported in a brief paper in the preprint database arXiv and a letter to the journal Science, is "noctalgia." In general, it means "sky grief," and it captures the collective pain we are experiencing as we continue to lose access to the night sky.

Thankfully, there is a way to tackle noctalgia, just as there are ways to combat climate change. On the ground, efforts have sprung up across the globe to create dark-sky reserves, where surrounding communities pledge not to encroach with further expansions of light pollution. [...] Tackling satellite-based pollution is another matter, as that will require international cooperation and pressure on companies like SpaceX to be better stewards of the skies they are filling with equipment.

This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

The Loss of Dark Skies Is So Painful, Astronomers Coined a New Term For It: 'Noctalgia'

Comments Filter:
  • by Anonymous Coward

    As we change to LED lights which are so efficient the housing designed for most of them is terrible. They scatter light everywhere and many don't have a diffuser so it each LED is like a laser piercing your eyes.

    One of the big issues I see now is that old street light posts are being removed for new ones closer together so there is even more light which just is not needed.

    I have noticed the change in light pollution go from yellow to white and is much brighter now within the last 5 years.

  • by pjt33 ( 739471 ) on Tuesday September 19, 2023 @02:14AM (#63859452)

    Noct- means night, not sky. The Latin word behind it (nox) even comes from the same PIE root as the Germanic word which became night in English, so they're cognates. Sky grief would be celalgia or caelalgia if we accept a mixed Greco-Latin etymology, or ouranalgia for a purist Greek-only etymology.

    • Glad I'm not the only one to be irked by that.

      On the other hand, and back to the real subject matter, RE: Light Pollution--

      There will still be areas where light pollution will be at a minimum; Areas where people dont want to be, for one reason or another. While this kills the backyard enthusiast with their amateur telescope, such light pollution problems have been things for a very very long time.

      Simply "Just outside the suburbs" is not sufficient, because of the sky glow that dominates the horizon from la

      • The thing about a cabin in the woods is the trees tend to block out the horizon leaving you with a tree framed window of pristine night sky.
        • Depends on the national forest. Quite a few have natural prominences that would make great vantages for horizon observation. Might be a bit chilly, since there's nothing to stop night-time winds, so bring a jacket- but still doable.

          • I actually have my own family cabin in the woods adjacent to a national park so I don't venture much into the park itself. Do parks often have cabins for rent at the top of cliffs or hills or are you talking about going for a little hike?
            • by BranMan ( 29917 )

              Some must. I remember hiking Mt. Washington in NH and just before the last steep ascent (like climbing a 1000 ft. rock ladder) to the summit there was Lake of the Clouds (or Lake in the Clouds?) - a tiny hotel of sorts for climbers.

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        > No, you need more "Long road trip to an isolated cabin out in the middle of the national forest

        Easy to do in the US. Almost impossible in the UK where we only have a few designated areas that still have a dark sky.

      • by sjames ( 1099 )

        It's sad that many kids know all of the stars in the sky, all five of them.

        Many people have looked at the stars at night and found inspiration. Not going to happen for most kids today.

    • by Teun ( 17872 )
      Indeed, night not sky was the first thing I noticed, sloppy reporting.
      And yes, a pity it is harder and harder to find a properly dark spot.
      I remember sparkling starry nights in the Sahara, the Saudi desert and Australia but this is all years ago, such nights no longer exist in places like The Netherlands or even Denmark.
    • Noct- means night, not sky.

      Maybe I hang out with too many people who like astronomy but seeing how the night is dark and light pollution is objectively not I don't see the problem here. I typically don't have a problem with light pollution during the day.

    • by Tx ( 96709 )

      To be fair, in the abstract they say they offer the term noctalgia to express "sky grief", they don't claim it's a literal translation, although the usage in the title of the paper is unhelpful. But clearly it's the night sky specifically that is referred to, and I suspect that a Latin term literally translating as "night sky grief" would be unwieldy, which would be contrary to purpose.

    • by Potor ( 658520 )

      All excellent points.

      It's a stupid word, especially when the word nostalgia is perfectly fitted for the work that the neologism is supposed to do. Do we need a special version of nostalgia for everything that we miss?

      Baseball without the pitchclock?

      OSs without advertising?

      The net without data mining?

    • by mjwx ( 966435 )

      Noct- means night, not sky. The Latin word behind it (nox) even comes from the same PIE root as the Germanic word which became night in English, so they're cognates. Sky grief would be celalgia or caelalgia if we accept a mixed Greco-Latin etymology, or ouranalgia for a purist Greek-only etymology.

      Admittedly before that post I didn't read it too closely and thought it was Noctstalgia, a portmanteau of Nocturnal and Nostalgia.

    • And to avoid mixing Greek and Latin, it should be "nictalgia" or "nyctalgia".

    • Now do "unisex."

      And then "multiverse."

  • I remember (Score:5, Insightful)

    by dlarge6510 ( 10394451 ) on Tuesday September 19, 2023 @03:18AM (#63859508)

    At one time I remeber just about being able to see the Milky Way back in the 90's outside my house with the sodium based streetlights pulluting the sky.

    It was just very faint but you could see it was there.

    Now you cant see it at all. Its gone. Obliterated by inefficient (as in they dont do a good job vs the sodium lights) LED street lights that seem to spew most of their emmisions upwards. Coupled with the fact that most properties these days since the 90's have invested in LED lights for the garden and security lights that have increased in popularity sine then too. Those LED lights in the garden look dim to us but every photon that is not absorbed or reflected down at the ground adds to the photons that are reflected far above ground into telescopes and cameras and binoculars and naked eyes, add adding the the constant glow that muddies the heavens.

    To get away from it you must drive far out into the countryside, something taht is easy to do in the US but in the UK we have only a few areas classed as having true dark skies, far away enough from major settlements that can pollute.

    Only a few years ago, 4 I think, I went and stayed in a cottage in the middle of nowhere in cornwall. It was so out in the sticks that water was pumped from the local well and the internet was good old copper wire giving just about a megabit of bandwidth.

    It was fucking dark at night. I have never seen anything so dark before. Literally open my eyes at 2am and nothing, cant see my hand in front of my face. Youd think you had gone blind.

    Then I looked out the window knowing full well what I hoped to see.

    And I saw. Only once before as a kid was I somewhere on holiday with skies dark enough, back then I clearly remember seeing the Milky Way. But this was something else.

    Literally the ONLY light was starlight. I saw it all.

    The vast majority of people have no idea what they are missing. They don’t know what its like to see the silhouette of their own hand held in front of the stars.

    Our ancestors did, and not that long ago either.

    I think we should campaign to have one night a week where for a few hours all street lights are switched off. They have happened before, I think it should be law.

    • by Osgeld ( 1900440 )

      yes LED lights pointed at the ground spew light up, though their circuit boards, aluminum heat sinks and reflector housing directly into the sky

    • by Cyberax ( 705495 )

      Obliterated by inefficient (as in they dont do a good job vs the sodium lights) LED street lights that seem to spew most of their emmisions upwards.

      That's about as incorrect as it can be. Modern LED streetlamps are far more efficient than sodium lamps at containing the light.

      Do an experiment, look out of an airplane window when you are taking off at night. You will clearly see sodium lamps, as orange pinpricks. You will NOT see LED streetlamps, you can only see the cones of light on the ground.

  • China is launching two swarms of 16000 each. US is launching a swarm of 16000. Presumably EU and Russia will be doing something similar. Not to forget India.

    • Building a satellite is expensive. Paint is cheap. Why not paint satellites with dark, non-reflective colors? Even if some additional insulation might be required, to counteract solar heating, it seems a very small ask.
      • Experiment done in 2020 with 60 Starlink salellites. Result: "The darkening paint on DarkSat certainly halves reflection of sunlight compared to the ordinary Starlink satellites, but [the constellation’s] negative impact on astronomical observations still remains" https://physicsworld.com/a/dar... [physicsworld.com] "Although DarkSat’s antireflective coating rendered it invisible to the naked eye, it remains far too bright to avoid interfering with [...] major telescopes." https://www.scientificamerican... [scientificamerican.com]

      • 1. Paint is heavy, in space terms
        2. Paint is expensive for space rated stuff.
        3. Insulation is expensive and inefficient. Remember, vacuum is a very good insulator anyways. Getting rid of heat is still a problem

    • Before long the sky will be full of orbiting advertisment platforms with huge screens advertising Slurm.

  • Terrestrial light pollution is inevitable but other than it being a barrier to entry to amateur astronomy, is there any important loss?

    • by pjt33 ( 739471 )

      Moths [wiley.com]. Ok, that's a simplistic overstatement of the claims: the nuanced version is

      For example, comparative analyses indicate that light pollution may be an important, if understudied, factor contributing to contemporary insect declines and associated major ecosystem functions, such as pollination

      • There are also reports of disruption of nocturnally respiring plant lifecycles.

        https://www.bbc.com/future/art... [bbc.com]

        It's still a problem that will not be solved. I'm gonna be a pessimist about that to the very end. Much like we've KNOWN about anthropogenic climate change, and CO2 temperature forcing for well over 100yrs, and done everything *BUT* actually take reparative steps to correct that problem-- because economic activity and human standard of living increases trump EVERYTHING ELSE-- the same will be tru

    • by sjames ( 1099 )

      Inspiration. Many future artists, poets, and scientists were first inspired by looking at the stars at night.

    • by fazig ( 2909523 )
      It also affects a bunch of nocturnal animals in negative ways that we can't easily predict on paper.
      While a complete elimination of light pollution is probably not feasible, we should definitely work on illuminating only the places that are necessary, keeping "leakage" as low as possible.
    • > Terrestrial light pollution is inevitable

      No it isnt.

      All you need to do is point the light at the ground rather than the sky! The fact is they are pointing much of it into the sky.

      > is there any important loss?

      How about the night sky? And no, thats not needed as an entry into astronomy. Thats like saying the loss of a park affects nobody but kids who might be inspired to become tree surgeons. Some people like to go to the park for other reasons than to learn an oak vs a pine. Or the loss of a po

    • Without terrestrial light pollution a person is struck by wonder simply by looking up at the night sky and experiencing it in its natural form. If that doesn't qualify as "important" to you then I'm not sure what could.

  • by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Tuesday September 19, 2023 @04:16AM (#63859558)

    Tackling satellite-based pollution is another matter, as that will require international cooperation and pressure on companies like SpaceX to be better stewards of the skies they are filling with equipment.

    You mean: 'Voluntary self-regulation by industry' ?? Well, if that actually works out this time instead of becoming another textbook example of the 'tragedy of the comons' [wikipedia.org] it'll be a historic first.

  • Horrible (Score:5, Interesting)

    by excelsior_gr ( 969383 ) on Tuesday September 19, 2023 @04:32AM (#63859572)
    Scientific issues aside, light polution is ruining outdoor experiences for me. Out on a camping trip in the mountains some 30 km from the nearest town with 100 thousand residents and there was an eerie glow reflected all over the desolate landscape from the clouds. Now I live in Norway where people put LEDs freaking everywhere that are on continuously during the winter. I live in a small town with 2k people and the stars are still not really visible. The fact that electricity is cheap does not mean we have to light up everything.
    • > The fact that electricity is cheap does not mean we have to light up everything

      Oh I wish it were cheap. In the UK it's amazingly expensive yet they still try to light up the clouds.

      I wonder what they are looking for? Santa?

    • by RedK ( 112790 )

      > Out on a camping trip in the mountains some 30 km from the nearest town with 100 thousand residents

      I wouldn't consider 15 minutes away from a Walmart really trying to get "out there" you know.

      • by mjwx ( 966435 )

        > Out on a camping trip in the mountains some 30 km from the nearest town with 100 thousand residents

        I wouldn't consider 15 minutes away from a Walmart really trying to get "out there" you know.

        The thing is, 30 miles from a town outskirt should be enough that light pollution isn't an issue. For me, just getting a few miles out of town will be enough, let alone going all the way out to the sticks. I live in the UK though, 30 miles here means that I've passed two major towns, 5 minor ones and the regional accent has changed.

        • by RedK ( 112790 )

          > The thing is, 30 miles

          He said Kilometers.

          • by mjwx ( 966435 )

            > The thing is, 30 miles

            He said Kilometers.

            I also said a few miles, which will be less than 20 KM (12.5 odd miles). Also, it's kilometres. Meter is something you measure with (E.G. speedometer), a metre is a unit of measurement (E.G. erm... kilometre) and it's not a proper noun, so it shouldn't be capitalised in the middle of a sentence. If you're going to be capt. Pedantic, at least get the basics right.

      • Depends. This wasn't in the US, and the 30 km was straight-line distance. Also, note that I characterized the landscape as "desolate". You practically drove out of town up a winding road on the mountain and then hiked to the middle of the plateau. You then were really in the middle of nowhere, 1 day's walk from the next sign of civilization. No water, no trees(!), nothing except stones and some sheep wandering about :-)
    • by mjwx ( 966435 )

      Scientific issues aside, light polution is ruining outdoor experiences for me. Out on a camping trip in the mountains some 30 km from the nearest town with 100 thousand residents and there was an eerie glow reflected all over the desolate landscape from the clouds. Now I live in Norway where people put LEDs freaking everywhere that are on continuously during the winter. I live in a small town with 2k people and the stars are still not really visible. The fact that electricity is cheap does not mean we have to light up everything.

      If you've enough cloud cover to reflect ground lighting, you're not going to see stars no matter what. I live in a UK town of 175,000 and you can still see the night sky even with street lights.

      1. Street lights are pointed downwards.
      2. They aren't set to be that powerful. Just enough that you can see where you're going.

      Outside of the town centre you don't have much light pollution, down at the town's university it can be pitch black (as some unfortunate student found out, by stumbling into the lake

    • Yes we do. Even when electricity isn't cheap, we light up everything we can. It is in our nature. If you want darker skies, you need to go further away from people.
      • It's in our nature to not care where lights are pointed and wind up making things shitty for everyone else. But that's a shitty nature, and we should overcome it, because writ large it's exactly the problem with every fucking thing. It's someone else's problem! Well, guess what, what goes around comes around. You do it to other people, other people do it to you, we all suffer and nobody seems to know why when it's obvious.

  • by bill_mcgonigle ( 4333 ) * on Tuesday September 19, 2023 @05:22AM (#63859638) Homepage Journal

    I moved to a dark area and all my outdoor lights are on motion sensors, most on PV/battery (these: https://amzn.to/3RvgS31 [amzn.to] ) so the property is black unless somebody needs it.

    It's cheap and easy - mostly commercial buildings have continuous lighting and mostly that is to deter criminal loitering.

    Perhaps we have a poverty problem presenting as light pollution.

  • ... at least California was doing its part, with the rolling blackouts!
  • by RobinH ( 124750 ) on Tuesday September 19, 2023 @07:19AM (#63859748) Homepage
    I thought SpaceX already did a lot to improve the 2nd generation of Starlink satellites. Their albedo is much lower. Sounds to me like they're taking it seriously.
  • I used to be able to stargaze with binoculars on a tripod. Now I need a telescope, a GOTO guided mount, and astroberry. I used to be able to navigate the position of my telescope by start hopping, not anymore. Also Musk's orbiting space trash does not help. I need to filter out satellites in the stacking process. If states want to save money on energy why don't they just disable every other street light ?
    • We really only need streetlights at intersections and crossing areas. I manage just fine with a flashlight when walking and headlights otherwise.
  • Consider applying the concept of time-domain multiplexing to this problem. Modern electric lights are pulsed---either by reason of the AC that power them, or the more rapid pulses applied to LEDs to increase their efficiency. If the pulsing of all lights in an area were synchronized, there would be brief dark periods between the light ones. Astronomers would only need to use cameras with synchronized periods of sensitivity, or for telescopes, synchronized shutters.
  • Old people and alcoholics will protest, having lost significant parts of their night vision and now becoming dependent on higher levels of street lighting.

  • I wonder how much energy we'd save if more light was aimed downwards instead of being broadcast willy-nilly and illuminating the atmosphere. I've also read that always on security lights are actually not more secure as they just give burglars lighting to do their work and that someone using a flashlight stands out much more.
  • Here in south Texas coast we have regular condensating humidity, which is incredibly reflective. I've seen the skyglow of Corpus Christi 100 visible from 100 miles south. Not only can I see all night, I can see at night in full color now.
  • There are plenty of measured detrimental effects of light pollution...

    1. Messes with peoples' vision.
    2. Messes with wildlife (animals and insects)
    3. Messes with scientific observation
    4. Messes with sleep cycles (less so with lower temperature colors)
    5. Reduces or eliminates enjoyment of the natural night sky

    and the primary sources are pretty easy to describe:

    1. Lights aiming directly up into the sky
    2. Lights aiming directly at the ground, but reflected up
    3. Ambient lights with no aiming or shaping

    The effect

Avoid strange women and temporary variables.

Working...