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Earth Science

Polluted Air Shortens Human Lifespans More Than Tobacco, Study Finds (wsj.com) 104

Cigarette smoking and other uses of tobacco shave an average of 2.2 years off lifespans globally. But merely breathing -- if the air is polluted -- is more damaging to human health. From a report: That is the conclusion of a report published Tuesday by the University of Chicago's Energy Policy Institute, which identified air pollution as the world's top threat to public health, responsible for reducing average life expectancy by 2.3 years worldwide. China, once the poster child for smog-filled skies, has been a surprise success story. Between 2013 and 2021, the world's second-largest economy improved overall air quality by more than 40% while the average lifespan of residents increased by more than two years, according to the report.

By contrast, four countries in South Asia -- India, Bangladesh Nepal and Pakistan -- accounted for more than half of the total years of life lost globally due to pollution in the atmosphere over the same eight years. India alone was responsible for nearly 60% of the growth in air pollution across the globe during that time. If India were to meet World Health Organization guidelines for particulate pollution, the life expectancy for residents of capital city New Delhi would increase by 12 years. An increase in wildfires in places such as California and Canada has renewed attention on the dangers of polluted air. Around 350 cities globally suffer the same level of dangerous haze that enveloped New York City in June at least once a year, according to calculations from environmental think tank Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, which aggregates data from dozens of official government sources.

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Polluted Air Shortens Human Lifespans More Than Tobacco, Study Finds

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  • by Geoffrey.landis ( 926948 ) on Tuesday August 29, 2023 @09:50AM (#63805868) Homepage

    A note that, unlike the pollution in China, the worst air pollution in India is not due to industry or automobiles, but due to the agricultural practice of "stubble burning," which is clearing fields for the next season's planting by burning. This can be replaced with other practices... but the other practices require equipment that is expensive, whereas just burning the fields costs pretty much nothing.
      https://www.bbc.com/news/world... [bbc.com]
      https://www.bbc.com/news/world... [bbc.com]

  • by Tokolosh ( 1256448 ) on Tuesday August 29, 2023 @09:52AM (#63805884)

    India - Historical Life Expectancy Data
    Year Life Expectancy Growth Rate
    2023 70.42 0.330%
    2022 70.19 0.330%
    2021 69.96 0.330%
    2020 69.73 0.330%
    2019 69.50 0.330%
    2018 69.27 0.430%
    2017 68.97 0.440%
    2016 68.67 0.440%
    2015 68.37 0.440%
    2014 68.07 0.440%
    2013 67.77 0.670%
    2012 67.32 0.670%
    2011 66.87 0.670%
    2010 66.43 0.680%
    2009 65.98 0.680%
    2008 65.53 0.620%
    2007 65.12 0.630%
    2006 64.72 0.630%
    2005 64.31 0.640%
    2004 63.91 0.640%
    2003 63.50 0.640%
    2002 63.09 0.650%
    2001 62.69 0.650%
    2000 62.28 0.660%

    https://www.macrotrends.net/co... [macrotrends.net]

    • Could the reason for this trend be demonstrated by your own sig?

      Prove anything by multiplying Huge Number times Tiny Number

      Huge number: Number of years of life lost when a young child dies.
      Tiny number: Proportion of people who die in childhood.

      • life expectancy at 65 years also show a general trend of going up. It's by only a few years over two decades but it does eliminate infant mortality from the statistics.

    • by war4peace ( 1628283 ) on Tuesday August 29, 2023 @10:58AM (#63806090)

      Correlation versus causation, buddy.
      Increased access to medical services, clean water, health education and so on probably increased even more, yielding a net increase in life expectancy despite the negative impact of air pollution.

      Do you realize the numbers you presented show India being BEHIND the worldwide average? It's ranked 126th out of 201 in 2023, which is shameful. Still, came a long way from the average of 36.63 years, back in the 50s.

      • Your are correct. Increased access to all the beneficial things you list is made possible by economic development, which has the downside of pollution.

        There is a choice. No growth, less pollution, lower life expectancy, or high growth, pollution, increased life expectancy. As always, there are trade-offs. Yes, lowering pollution is highly desirable, but there are downsides and unintended consequences.

        Pollution is a necessary evil on the path the fully-developed nation status. Once that is achieved, the

    • Life expectancy is the result of all effects on public health. This includes improved diet, better medical care, more preventative care like vaccinations etc. Air pollution is just one effect on public health. You can certainly be more than a little sceptical that they can isolate this one effect on life expectancy and calculate it accurately (as you should be of any measurement that lacks uncertainties). However, if they have done this correctly, all it says is that were there no air pollution in India tho
    • and few deaths in childhood as a result. Your post is basically whataboutism....
  • It seems to me that, in rural areas, the air quality sucks because of pollen, wildfires, stubble burning and all sorts of other ag practices and natural issues
  • Not surprising (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Tuesday August 29, 2023 @10:25AM (#63805972)
    While it is true that smoking isn't that good for ya, it isn't like that 2.2 years less on average is coming off of the good side of life.

    Oh gee, he would have lived to 95, but smoking killed him at92 and a half years - what a waste of life! 8^/.

    Indeed, with many human's need to castigate other people as "the others", the main effect is it gives non-smokers a much needed hate target. If not smoking, they'd find some other thing to use to channel their hate.

    I don't smoke - quit in 1976. It's a remarkably stupid habit, but I don't have the hatred so many do.

    • Re:Not surprising (Score:5, Insightful)

      by timeOday ( 582209 ) on Tuesday August 29, 2023 @10:38AM (#63806032)
      Smoking shortens life expectancy of smokers by much more than 2.2 years - the CDC says at least 10 [cdc.gov]. And a life of respiratory and vascular disease before that.

      I don't think they should have used that confusing comparison. What they are saying is that bad air quality in general is taking more total years of life from the global population than smoking now - but that's an average of everybody including nonsmokers. In other words much of the reason is because fewer people are smoking.

      Are we not collectively past the hate of smokers for the most part? It's such a small minority now and the restrictions everywhere have mostly eliminated secondhand smoke. Seeing a smoker at all has become a bit of a peculiarity.

      I suspect we'll see somewhat of a resurgence with weed, but few people chain smoke it and many who use it don't smoke it.

      • Are we not collectively past the hate of smokers for the most part?

        Perhaps where you are - smokers in my area are as hated at the same level as KKK members hate people with dark skin tone.

        You underestimate the human nature of needing to hate the other.

        • Perhaps where you are - smokers in my area are as hated at the same level as KKK members hate people with dark skin tone.

          I have a tendency to dislike people who throw butts (or other garbage) on the ground, get into crowded elevators reeking of smoke (or BO), or stand next to the entrances to buildings and blow smoke (cigarette, vape, or otherwise) into busy thoroughfares. Is that what smokers in your area are up to? I can't say I've ever met someone whose immediate reaction to seeing a person enjoying a cigarette off in the distance is "hatred".

    • Life expectancy is a difficult thing to measure and compare as it's just a quantitative number that doesn't mean much in the grand scheme of things. As you said, shaving two years off your life expectancy when most people in the developed world might look at 90+ years with the tail end of it finished in a nursing home might actually look like a bonus.
      But when that 2.2 years actually means a lung cancer at 50 and the inability to walk a flight of stairs without having to take several breaks, it's a huge diff

    • While it is true that smoking isn't that good for ya, it isn't like that 2.2 years less on average is coming off of the good side of life.

      Oh gee, he would have lived to 95, but smoking killed him at92 and a half years - what a waste of life! 8^/.

      Nope. Healthspan quite reliably follows lifespan. If you get the ax 2 years earlier, then this probably means you're getting the disease which made last years of your life miserable 2 years earlier too. Conversely, exercise and healthy eating habits extend healthspan just as much as they extend lifespan.

      And YES, that's *on average*, don't bother retelling the story about your grandma who smoked like chimney and lived to 100.

      • And YES, that's *on average*, don't bother retelling the story about your grandma who smoked like chimney and lived to 100.

        My Grams didn't smoke, and she only lived until her mid 90's died and died of Alzheimers over a 15 year period. At least she didn't have lung cancer that took her out in maybe 2-3 years.

        At least she didn't smoke.

    • by skam240 ( 789197 )

      You have no idea what you're talking about, dying of cancer is typically an absolutely shit way to die. Any sensible person would choose the extra three years even if they are mediocre.

      • You have no idea what you're talking about, dying of cancer is typically an absolutely shit way to die. Any sensible person would choose the extra three years even if they are mediocre.

        I know a whole lot more than you. Let me tell you about my MIL. Didn't drink or smoke. Exercised regularly. At 68, she became demented, and had to be put in a home - She screamed and cried every day, and begged us to kill her. Things like Haldol eliminated the screaming, but not the constant crying. Her doctor put her on anti Alzheimer's drugs. ten years of her living that way. Pissing and shitting in Depends, she had no Idea who she was but she did no that she was desperately unhappy. The really cool thin

        • I'm sorry you and your family had to experience that. Dementia sucks. Cancer also sucks.

          Thankfully, we've learned a lot about how to treat many forms of cancer in their early stages. Although late-stage cancer still can't usually be treated in any way that's much preferable to the cancer itself.

          There's still WAY too much we don't know about Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia. There are a lot of known correlations, and a lot of speculation, but we're still far from being able to prevent, treat, or c

          • I'm sorry you and your family had to experience that. Dementia sucks. Cancer also sucks.

            Indeed!

            Thankfully, we've learned a lot about how to treat many forms of cancer in their early stages. Although late-stage cancer still can't usually be treated in any way that's much preferable to the cancer itself.

            There's still WAY too much we don't know about Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia. There are a lot of known correlations, and a lot of speculation, but we're still far from being able to prevent, treat, or cure it.

            The thing that I'm concerned about is say we do cure Alzheimer's. What will kill old people next?

            I've studied a lot of longevity matters, largely out of curiosity. There is one really big elephant in the room. The composition of our skeletons is not designed for the years of service we are thinking about. They don't even last our present lifetimes. Calcium phosphate and cartilage are actually designed for the lifespans we originally evolved with. I see these old husks of people who are bedridden

            • Some humans have lived to be 70-ish, if they survived infant mortality, for most of recorded history.

              Today, in less dysfunctional societies than my own, many people live to the 80s now while still in reasonably good health.

              If we learned from those societies and tried to do more of the beneficial things they're doing, and less of the hugely dysfunctional things we are (for instance, eating a diet of almost entirely processed and non-nutritious "food"), we could probably achieve similar results.

              As someone in

              • Some humans have lived to be 70-ish, if they survived infant mortality, for most of recorded history.

                Today, in less dysfunctional societies than my own, many people live to the 80s now while still in reasonably good health.

                If we learned from those societies and tried to do more of the beneficial things they're doing, and less of the hugely dysfunctional things we are (for instance, eating a diet of almost entirely processed and non-nutritious "food"), we could probably achieve similar results.

                As someone in late middle age, I'm less concerned about when I die, and much more concerned about making sure I don't become any more of a burden to my family, financially or otherwise, than I already am now.

                It's always interesting - we've allowed more people to live longer, but we've not cracked a seeming unmoveable barrier - there aren't any 300 year olds around.

                And yes, My main goal is not to be a burden.

                • Some further thoughts drawn from my faith tradition, which I realize most people no longer believe, but I still do.

                  The Biblical account has people born before the Flood living for hundreds of years, or in a handful of cases close to a thousand.

                  But then the Flood. Only about 8 people survive that.

                  After the Flood, lifespans start to drop, at first quite quickly, possibly due to greatly reduced genetic diversity and inbreeding/incest immediately afterward (some of it documented in Genesis). They then shorte

    • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

      What an ignorant take, and interesting that it was your takeaway from the article. Sure, the purpose of the article was to give us a reason to hate smokers.

      Sucks to be you.

    • Those averages are because some bodies clean up smoke better than others. Some people have zero affect on lifespan. The ones more susceptible lose 10-15 from heart disease or 20-30 from lung cancer. Averages hide the impact for the people most affected.

    • you're ignoring all the other health problems that come with dirty air. "Death" gets the headlines, but it ignores cognitive impairment, exhaustion, asthma, sleep apnea and a dozen other conditions made worse by dirty air.

      So yeah, it is coming off your prime years, just in the form of an overall worse quality of life. You're not noticing it because human beings are adaptable animals, so we get used to it. Like how somebody with Anemia might get used to it, but that doesn't mean they wouldn't feel a whol
  • Understand what they're comparing here. They're using figures based on deaths in the entire population. The entire population breathes the polluted air. Not all of the population smokes. Looked at from one point of view, that *does* make air pollution more dangerous, since everybody has to breathe it. But be aware what the figures mean.

  • by Hoi Polloi ( 522990 ) on Tuesday August 29, 2023 @11:39AM (#63806220) Journal

    How polluted is "polluted", there is a huge sliding scale.

    • Not just that, but what is cigarette smoke? Air pollution is more hazardous than air pollution!

      Smoking tobacco should be illegal in public. It should be legal in your car if and only if you keep the windows rolled up. If cigarette smoke is so great, you should want more of it! You should want it absorbed into your upholstery! I certainly don't want it coming into my car, which is what commonly happens when people smoke with their windows down. Smoking cannabis is illegal in public even though it has been sh

  • Not CO_2.

  • For what reason would someone perform a comparative analysis based on dissimilar criteria?

    "The world's second-largest economy improved overall air quality by more than 40% while the average lifespan of residents increased by more than two years"

    "By contrast, four countries in South Asia -- India, Bangladesh Nepal and Pakistan -- accounted for more than half of the total years of life lost globally due to pollution in the atmosphere over the same eight years. India alone was responsible for nearly 60% of the

  • If this is true, one should expect Victorian era London (famously the worst urban air in the industrial revolution) would have markedly WORSE life expectancies than that of say the US generally (which was 90%+ agricultural at that point).

    But it doesn't.

    If we look at the overlap decades in our sets of data 1860-1900 by decade

    London: 36 39 41 42 49
    USA: 39 39 39 44 48 ...no meaningful difference.

    London from https://www.researchgate.net/p... [researchgate.net]

    US from https://www.statista.com/stati... [statista.com]

    • You're comparing life expectancy at birth, in an era where infectious disease was the overwhelmingly more common way to die. Aside from the fact that detailed data about air pollution and its effects on health were non-existent 150 years ago, it would be difficult to ascertain how air pollution affects mortality when everyone is dying of tuberculosis and cholera before they develop other symptoms.

      A better measure would be to compare modern cities with different levels of pollution today, and develop a direc

  • How many smoker's are going to use this to justify not quitting?
  • I have no idea if the study is honest or not. But these days, a 'study' is worthless without knowing who paid to have it made.

  • I don't see why you can't quit breathing ... oh wait!
  • The problem with air pollution is mostly a factor of to many people and businesses at a small area. Environmentalists blame the cars - however busses and lorries are a huge problem also. The whole problem is to much traffic on a small area. Despite this, public policy is to densify cities and forcing people to move in to the cities by making commute impossible by making cars to expensive to own. If less people worked and lived in the cities they could be less denseand would have less pollution because of le
    • Rural living, wrong word
    • > Environmentalists blame the cars - however busses and lorries are a huge problem also

      The focus is usually on cars because the ratio of pollution created to the benefit they provide is much higher than busses and trucks. A bus can carry, say, 30 people (city busses have a capacity of 40 to 80 but let's say they're rarely jam packed). A bus does not create more pollution than 30 personal cars. Therefore, the thinking goes, that busses are the better option. As a bonus, fewer cars means lighter traffic, w

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