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Medicine

Beyond Spike Proteins: Researchers Suggest New Design for Longer Lasting Covid Vaccines: (thedailybeast.com) 106

"With new COVID variants and subvariants evolving faster and faster, each chipping away at the effectiveness of the leading vaccines, the hunt is on for a new kind of vaccine," reports the Daily Beast, "one that works equally well on current and future forms of the novel coronavirus.

"Now researchers at the National Institutes of Health in Maryland think they've found a new approach to vaccine design that could lead them to a long-lasting jab. As a bonus, it also might work on other coronaviruses, not just the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19." The NIH team reported its findings in a peer-reviewed study that appeared in the journal Cell Host & Microbe earlier this month.

The key to the NIH's potential vaccine design is a part of the virus called the "spine helix." It's a coil-shaped structure inside the spike protein, the part of the virus that helps it grab onto and infect our cells. Lots of current vaccines target the spike protein. But none of them specifically target the spine helix. And yet, there are good reasons to focus on that part of the pathogen. Whereas many regions of the spike protein tend to change a lot as the virus mutates, the spine helix doesn't.

That gives scientists "hope that an antibody targeting this region will be more durable and broadly effective," Joshua Tan, the lead scientist on the NIH team, told The Daily Beast....

A vaccine that binds the spine helix in SARS-CoV-2 should hold up for a long time. And it should also work on all the other coronaviruses that also include the spine helix — and there are dozens of them, including several such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS that have already made the leap from animal populations and caused outbreaks in people....

Maybe a spine-helix jab is in our future. Or maybe not. Either way, it's encouraging that scientists are making incremental progress toward a more universal coronavirus vaccine. One that could work for many years on a wide array of related viruses.

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Beyond Spike Proteins: Researchers Suggest New Design for Longer Lasting Covid Vaccines:

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  • In before fools? (Score:5, Informative)

    by backslashdot ( 95548 ) on Sunday November 20, 2022 @02:50PM (#63066441)

    If you rather risk it by getting the actual virus, which is only interested in replicating as much as possible, with its spike protein and all its other proteins, then go ahead. If you are afraid of the spike protein then you would really hate the virus. Deliberately infecting yourself for the purpose of immunization is Russian roulette. By any measure, virus infection kills more people than the vaccine. That is a fact.

    • by DamnOregonian ( 963763 ) on Sunday November 20, 2022 @03:18PM (#63066501)
      There's definitely value to looking for a non-spike vaccine route.
      It's not a coincidence that side effects of vaccination essentially mirror that of COVID infection, just drastically reduced in prevalence and seriousness.
      That being said, absent such a non-spike vaccine route- absolutely, vax the fuck up.

      I'm triple boosted, and caught COVID a month back.
      My lungs are still fucking trashed. Made it 2 years without catching the thing, and the statistics make it very clear that it drastically reduced my chances of complications. COVID, even in its current, far less virulent form, is still pretty fucking terrible.
      Doc tells me I can expect to have this cough and laryngitis for up to 6 months.
      • by NFN_NLN ( 633283 )

        |I'm triple boosted, and caught COVID a month back.

        Must be one of those break-through infections. COVID-19 has a 95% efficacy rates.*

        • Must be one of those break-through infections.

          Yup.

          COVID-19 has a 95% efficacy rates.*

          Nobody ever claimed that.

          It is however ~425% more effective than air at keeping you from dying.
          On an individual basis, it's not a hell of a lot (your chances of dying are already pretty small, unvaccinated) but when measured across entire populations, the difference is stark.
          Breakthrough cases are ~15% of all cases.
          Breakthrough hospitalizations are 8% of all hospitalizations.
          Breakthrough deaths are 3% of all deaths.

        • COVID-19 has a 95% efficacy rates.*

          You've got a misunderstanding. In the initial Phase 3 trial of its vaccine, the Pfizer clinical data surpassed expectations with 95% efficacy. But "efficacy" in this regard means staving off the original (and deadliest) variant. The vaccine was determined to be "effective" if it prevented severe illness, hospitalization, and death, not just infection.

          • by NFN_NLN ( 633283 )

            | You've got a misunderstanding.

            You've got a misunderstanding. COVID protects you from contracting the disease.
            https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

            • by HiThere ( 15173 )

              It does, but it's less effective than a vaccination, and if I read the report correctly, effective for a shorter period of time.

              There are lots of problems with this assertion, of course, the main one being that there are no good double-blind studies. But that was what at least one analysis of the data (sometime around last December I think) showed. I wasn't convinced by the statistics, but I could understand why they didn't have better ones. (Among other things, lots of people who won't get vaccinated, a

      • I'm triple boosted, and caught COVID a month back.

        That's a great sales pitch for a vaccine! Get stuck by incompetent medical staff three times and get it anyway. Sounds awesome!

        It is possible to not get vaccinated or Covid you know... especially at this point, RSV is way more an actual pressing concern. If you made it this far not being vaccinated or getting Covid, I really don't see the point of bothering with a vaccine (or booster) at this point unless you were in a very high risk category.

        This new va

        • That's a great sales pitch for a vaccine! Get stuck by incompetent medical staff three times and get it anyway. Sounds awesome!

          I imagine if you're hopelessly ignorant, you'd probably think that. Does that describe you?

          It is possible to not get vaccinated or Covid you know... especially at this point, RSV is way more an actual pressing concern. If you made it this far not being vaccinated or getting Covid, I really don't see the point of bothering with a vaccine (or booster) at this point unless you were in a very high risk category.

          It is, indeed.
          And no, RSV is not more an actual pressing concern.
          The CFR of RSV is atomically small.
          The point? The point is simple.
          97% of all COVID deaths are unvaccinated individuals. 92% of all COVID hospitalizations are unvaccinated individuals. 75% of all COVID cases are unvaccinated individuals.

          Breathrough infections happen, but they're overwhelmingly safer.
          If you want to roll your dice with out, that's fi

          • 97% of all COVID deaths are unvaccinated individuals.

            This is an unfair statement, and an abomination of statistics, considering most of the deaths were before a vaccine existed.
            What is the percentage of deaths /after/ the vaccine was introduced?

            • This is an unfair statement, and an abomination of statistics, considering most of the deaths were before a vaccine existed.

              I'm guessing you're making an assumption somewhere.

              What is the percentage of deaths /after/ the vaccine was introduced?

              Ah, yup.

              Actually, I meant current. My numbers were just old.
              As it turns out (and was discussed below) that number is now only 79% in the Omicron era.
              During delta, it was as high as 97%, depending on which vaccine you took.

              Nobody is doing a comparison of pre-vaccine times.

        • by c-A-d ( 77980 )

          Dr. John Campbell just did a video on the efficacy of Vitamin D3 against respiratory viruses. With academic sources.

          https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbUm5FyrHRk

          The results are quite interesting and well worth considering.

          • Dr. John Campbell just did a video on the efficacy of Vitamin D3 against respiratory viruses.

            Maybe that's why on a recent trip I didn't catch RSV though my wife did (I take D supplements and she does not)... her RSV has been far worse than the COVID I caught a year earlier, or any case of COVID friends have had. That is why I'm raising it as a more immediate concern, because it's far more likely right now you will get a really nasty case of RSV.

          • Dr. John Campbell just did a video

            I don't think that he can be considered a reliable source. He posted several videos (with sources) that claimed ivermectin is effective against Covid.

            He is not a research scientist or a medical doctor.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        There a lot more we could be doing. Far UV is very effective, and pretty cheap. Most of the cost is installation, but if we put a bit more effort in we can reduce that cost a lot.

        We have pretty much given up, it seems. Drug companies keep pushing vaccines (not a bad thing) but beyond that little effort is made.

        • by HiThere ( 15173 )

          A better plan would be to change patterns of air circulation to "from the ceiling to the floor, and out the door at ground level". UV is good if you're recirculating air, though. But it takes awhile to be effective (or, alternatively, it takes pretty intense UV).

          That said, IIUC there IS a range of UV that's both fairly effective and imperceptible by humans (and also barely degrades plastics). But it requires exposure either over a period of time, or intense enough to generate noticeable heat. And unless

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            222nm UV kills viruses, but can't penetrate the skin or outside of the eye, so is safe for humans. It doesn't need to be super intense to be effective in short periods either.

            Other far UV is harmful to humans, so you have to make sure it doesn't shine on them. A light fixture mounted high on the wall, that only shines light out horizontally. Eliminates about 90% of circulating virus particles in a room. Needs a trained installer for safety reasons, failsafe built in.

            You can buy them, surprised more employer

      • Reports are that the sicker you got as a result of the vaccine, the less likely you are to actually get covid.

        • My first jab, I felt nothing. Second jab, sore arm for about a week.
          Third jab though... A bizarre 18 hour high fever that went away like a switch had been flipped... felt terrible... then felt fine.

          In retrospect- that's pretty much exactly what COVID was like for me, only it lasted longer, the fever was higher, and I cough so hard I think I may have cracked a couple ribs.

          I was due for my 4th jab, but I was lazy. Wife got the 4th jab, and didn't get sick when I did. Lesson learned.
          • I got so sick from my three shots that I am terrified of getting another one. I will though, if the time arises. 24 hours of misery.

    • It seems to be worse than Russian roulette. Russian roulette just kills you. By all accounts even a mild covid infection as a high risk of leaving you with a weakened immune system as well as reduced lung capacity. The current theory on why there's so much respiratory illness going around is that there is a ton of people that we can immune systems from having covid. Making them more vulnerable to disease in general.

      There were rather tasteless jokes about covid being the Boomer remover at the start of th
    • by ne0n ( 884282 )
      Or risk the mild respiratory illness. [yahoo.com] It's harmless if you didn't compromise your immune system with Pfizer's pfinest. Remember when Bourla and Biden claimed the clot shot was 100% effective [forbes.com] at preventing illness [pfizer.com] from COVID-19? [fda.gov] Remember when the CDC [nypost.com] told us all it prevented transmission too? [verywellhealth.com]

      Tards still fall for the retcon fantasy [cnet.com] of mRNA-based immunity in spite of all the evidence.

      TLDR: keep taking multiple fraudulently approved boosters per year to prevent - err, slightly reduce - err, gamble on a possi
    • Tell me you don't understand Biology and Virology, without telling me you don't understand Biology and Virology.

      I see you've already gone first.

  • Selective pressure (Score:3, Insightful)

    by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 ) on Sunday November 20, 2022 @04:01PM (#63066599)

    A part of the spike (or any viral protein) that doesn't evolve much over time is one that is not the target of selective pressure.

    The spike protein itself didn't evolve very much for the first year or so of the pandemic because almost no one in the world had any antibodies targeting it.

    As soon as the virus infected a large enough portion of the population, suddenly there was selective pressure and the viruses that had mutations were the ones that prevailed.

    Similarly, while there is no selective pressure *now* against whatever else they might target on covid, flu, whatever, training large numbers of people's immune systems to target that one part will...wait for it....apply selective pressure to it.

    It might buy some time (or even a lot) if the barrier that's raised is high enough, but unless the very unlikely situation that this protein is an all-or-nothing for viral replication happens to be true, soon enough you'll see viruses escape that immunity too in some capacity.

    • by HiThere ( 15173 )

      It's not that simple. Some things don't evolve because they aren't under selective pressure, and some don't evolve because they are, and have already reached a local peak of effectiveness. So any change away is selected against.

      You can generally tell which any particular segment is by looking at the number of variants (and their proportion) in a population. If it's clustered at a tight peak, with possibly a very few variants, then it's under heavy selection pressure, and is at a local peak. If there's a

      • The covid spike was pretty stable...until it wasn't. In the absence of a predictive theory of biology, one can only examine responses to stimuli. If they are controlled stimuli, or at the very least quantified natural stimuli, the process is called "science." In the absence of stimuli against which to measure the optimality of something, it's just a guess...one that has yet to pan out in regard to covid.

        • by HiThere ( 15173 )

          Once you start vaccinating against the spike protein, you induce a selective pressure against it. The question was "Just how necessary is this particular feature?". It was pretty necessary (i.e. there wasn't that much variation in the population), but once you start a strong pressure against it, alternate forms that didn't have much success previously, now have a better chance.

          This was predictable and predicted. What wasn't predictable was how successful the alternatives would become.

          • What wasn't predictable was how successful the alternatives would become.

            For the very fundamental reason that right now, and for the near future, we have no predictive theory of molecular biology.

            Simulating a whole virus for 10 nanoseconds is barely a thing right now and it required time on a super computer. Unless I'm totally ignorant of it, there is no massive research program to dial in and calibrate these simulations against biological reality, let alone predict interactions between virus and cell machinery, estimate likely mutations, and simulate their effects on spread, vi

  • It's great to see that we're getting some deeply knowledgeable scientific discourse going on here with Slashdot's crack team of virologists, immunologists, & epidemiologists. Now that the Libra moon is opposing Chiron in Aries & Vesta, the asteroid of sacred devotion, enters Pisces, we really should be able to get to the bottom of this for once & for all.
  • There are several whole body inactived vaccines like Covaxin. Would not such vaccines would be more effective than those targeting just one part of the virus?

  • The article says "a more universal coronavirus vaccine." How about an actual covid vaccine. One that actually does what vaccines do: stop infection in the first place, for the purpose of preventing transmission. That's what a vaccine is. I got the vaccine. Then I got covid. Whatever the covid thing we all got, trying to do our part, is clearly not that. It is NOT a vaccine. So, I'm still waiting on the FIRST covid vaccine to hit the market.
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