Short-Sightedness Was Rare. In Asia, It Is Becoming Ubiquitous (economist.com) 72
Researchers have found that being outside drastically reduces the risk of developing short-sightedness. From a report: In the early 1980s Taiwan's army realised it had a problem. More and more of its conscripts seemed to be short-sighted, meaning they needed glasses to focus on distant objects. "They were worried that if the worst happened [ie, an attack by China] their troops would be fighting at a disadvantage," says Ian Morgan, who studies myopia at Australian National University, in Canberra. An island-wide study in 1983 confirmed that around 70% of Taiwanese school leavers needed glasses or contact lenses to see properly. These days, that number is above 80%. But happily for Taiwan's generals, the military disparity has disappeared. Over the past few decades myopia rates have soared across East Asia (see chart 1 in the linked story). In the 1960s around 20-30% of Chinese school-leavers were short-sighted. These days they are just as myopic as their cousins across the straits, with rates in some parts of China running at over 80%.
Elsewhere on the continent things are even worse. One study of male high-school leavers in Seoul found 97% were short-sighted. Hong Kong and Singapore are not far behind. And although the problem is worst in East Asia, it is not unique to it. Reliable numbers for America and Europe are harder to come by. But one review article, published in 2015, claimed a European rate of between 20% and 40% -- an order of magnitude higher than that which people working in the field think is the "natural," background rate. For most of those affected, myopia is a lifelong, expensive nuisance. But severe myopia can lead to untreatable vision loss, says Annegret Dahlmann-Noor, a consultant ophthalmologist at Moorfields Eye Hospital, in London. A paper published in 2019 concluded that each one-dioptre worsening in myopia was associated with a 67% increase in prevalence of myopic maculopathy, an untreatable condition that causes blindness. (A dioptre is a measure of a lens's focusing power.) In some parts of East Asia, 20% of young people have severe myopia, defined as -6 dioptres or worse (see chart 2 in linked story). "This is storing up a big problem for the coming decades," says Kathryn Rose, head of orthoptics at the University of Technology, Sydney.
Elsewhere on the continent things are even worse. One study of male high-school leavers in Seoul found 97% were short-sighted. Hong Kong and Singapore are not far behind. And although the problem is worst in East Asia, it is not unique to it. Reliable numbers for America and Europe are harder to come by. But one review article, published in 2015, claimed a European rate of between 20% and 40% -- an order of magnitude higher than that which people working in the field think is the "natural," background rate. For most of those affected, myopia is a lifelong, expensive nuisance. But severe myopia can lead to untreatable vision loss, says Annegret Dahlmann-Noor, a consultant ophthalmologist at Moorfields Eye Hospital, in London. A paper published in 2019 concluded that each one-dioptre worsening in myopia was associated with a 67% increase in prevalence of myopic maculopathy, an untreatable condition that causes blindness. (A dioptre is a measure of a lens's focusing power.) In some parts of East Asia, 20% of young people have severe myopia, defined as -6 dioptres or worse (see chart 2 in linked story). "This is storing up a big problem for the coming decades," says Kathryn Rose, head of orthoptics at the University of Technology, Sydney.
This explains Sony Ericsson (Score:5, Informative)
Short-Sightedness Was Rare. In Asia, It Is Becoming Ubiquitous (economist.com)
This explains Sony's mobile strategy.
I think you mean nearsightedness (myopia). Yes, in British English, shortsighted can also mean nearsighted, but in U.S. English, shortsighted is (approximately) always metaphorical, referring to not being able to see what's coming in the future.
Re:This explains Sony Ericsson (Score:4, Funny)
Well nobody understands British English
https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
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Well nobody understands British English
https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
Counterpoint - https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
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I'm embarrassed that I'd never heard the term "school leavers" before. Is this a common term? If so, I assume the problem is me spending too much time in my "Ameri-bubble".
Am not British so not certain but I do have some relatives in the UK.
I believe the meaning has changed over time but used to refer to someone who finished high school but didn't plan to go on to higher education so a what in North America would be a high school grad.
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Wait...what? They call a sidewalk just "pavement"? So their roads aren't pavement? And what if it's an unpaved sidewalk?
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given that the latin is "pavimentum" . . . which didn't require any concrete or other added surface on the surface in question . . .
Re: This explains Sony Ericsson (Score:3)
Have you thought that perhaps one term comes from the other? Imagine the decisions a short-sighted person makes when they canâ(TM)t see ahead of themselves.
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Have you thought that perhaps one term comes from the other?
No the terms are unrelated. Etymology of compound words are always directly linked to the words from which they are comprised. The two terms are related to each other only to the extent that they share the word "sighted" as one of their compounds.
Beyond that, "near" and "short" have their own unique definitions and etymologies.
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Imagine the decisions a short-sighted person makes when they can't see ahead of themselves.
Imagine being so short-sighted you can't even see this affects the entire species.
Humans have been addicted to the Disease of Greed for thousands of years. Endless warmongering repeating the worst of our history, tends to confirm why we're so ignorantly short-sighted we'll probably extinct ourselves right here on this dying rock.
Pull a few more inexplicable things out of the sand, and we're likely to find enough evidence that we've been dumb enough to do it before.
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But then think about this way. Being short/nearsighted can, both figuratively and literally, also have its benefits over, say, farsightedness (hyperopia). Nearsighted people can see near objects in more detail than farsighted people can.
I, for one, don't need reading glasses, provided I stick the material half a foot from my face. I have no problems reading the fine print my normal sighted friends would need a magnifying glass for. I also tend not to wear glasses when I go for a walk. That way I don't get t
Your eyes have muscles too (Score:3, Insightful)
People seem to forget that the eye has muscles, and thus also benefits as you age from workouts, just like any other muscles.
That's why it is really good to get away from the computer from time to time and do stuff that requires or uses longer vision, like hiking or even just lots of outdoor walking.
There are even applications to help you exercise your eyes though I'm not sure how well that works, but it may be worth researching.
As I get older in my case by long range vision is fine but I find my short-range vision worsening, I really would like to reverse that trend a bit if possible, or at least hold off further degradation.
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Glasses are needed in school because they are old fashioned and expect kids to read off boards meters away. Every kid should have a computer,
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But battles are going to be won with drones and misses.
I think that winning battles would be more strongly correlated with successful drone hits, not misses.
Re:Your eyes have muscles too (Score:4, Informative)
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Glasses are needed in school because they are old fashioned and expect kids to read off boards meters away. Every kid should have a computer, and they should be using it so only the extreme cases need glasses.
I believe you have gotten this entirely backwards. Reading off a board that is many meters away requires distance focus. Reading off a book or computer requires near focus. What the kids are doing is spending too much time with near focus. Their bodies adjust accordingly.
I was horrified to be diagnosed with myopia at about eight. My vision had always been perfect! But, it had degraded slowly enough that I didn't even realize what I was missing. I just thought there was a lot of glare off the blackboard. The optician thought that I'd been deliberately screwing with everybody, when glasses were the most godlike thing to happen to me. What, you mean you can see individual leaves on a tree? Unbelievable! Just look at the world! It's beautiful! ...those were incredibly ugly glasses, though, I looked like such a nerd.
I used to be nearsighted. My eyes have gotten a little stiffer with age, so I now need glasses both for distance vision and medium vision (say, a bit around arm's length). There are excellent glasses and tolerable contact lenses for that now, and a number of options for surgical correction.
I would suggest that the children are spending too much time reading, if such a thing is possible. The nearsighted eyes can possibly be prevented by spending more time outdoors. Perhaps their phones can read them a nice lesson, if they're so desperate for knowledge, although it sounds more like the societies have set up industrial work-camps for making copies of interchangeable students. If all you do is focus up close, that's what your eyes will adapt to doing.
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My vision is made for 21st century work, not picking fruit.
You're making the error of thinking that long vision uses different eye muscles or that it doesn't require eye "strength" to focus at short distances. Myopia is probably an environmental malady caused by modern civilization having kids spending too much time continually reading, spending too much time in front of the computer screen, etc. Once the eye muscles start experiencing a problem focusing, it rarely can be naturally corrected.
To prevent or minimize this epidemic of vision focus deterioration, the
Re: Your eyes have muscles too (Score:2)
That's because those eye muscles you're referring to lose their elasticity over time, just like how your skin loses its elasticity and causes you to turn into a prune, or how your dick goes limp and you have to get the Viagra. But sadly there's no eye Viagra.
Re: Your eyes have muscles too (Score:2)
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The muscles for the eye are to rotate it to point in different directions.
It is a myth that exercising your eyes can prevent nearsightedness. This is caused not due to any muscular issue, but because the lens of your eyes gradually loses flexibility as you age, decreasing the range across which your vision operates.
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You mean somebody went through all of that effort to write that article and they never covered the oldest myth about myopia? You know the one, involving something you do with your hands when you're bored.
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Blindness is a spectrum. Myopia is one possible part of that spectrum.
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blindness isn't remotely the same thing as myopia.
Interestingly, you comment is quite myopic.
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Honest question (Score:2)
Can someone who is from America please explain to someone who is not the stance of being so utterly preoccupied with how someone may be inclined to vote that it seems to even pervade how people evidently resort to using it as a form of namecalling towards someone they might disagree with?
I mean leaving aside that such retorts are usually the resort of a person who doesn't have anything intelligent to contribute to the conversation, I notice this style of ad-hominem is used quite regularly in online forum
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Can someone who is from America please explain to someone who is not the stance of being so utterly preoccupied with how someone may be inclined to vote that it seems to even pervade how people evidently resort to using it as a form of namecalling towards someone they might disagree with?
Tribalism. If you are not one-of-us, you are other. Other is BAD.
If you disagree with me, then you are not one-of-us... so you must be from the other (BAD) tribe. That makes you a Republicant, or a Demoncrat ...
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Okay, Tribalism I get... but that still doesn't explain the preoccupation with how someone simply happens to vote as being representative of a person's "tribe".
To me, being a republican would mean that one was either working for or actively volunteering their time in service of the republic party, for instance. Not someone who simply happened to vote republican in the last election.
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Politics has become incredibly partisan and hostile in this country.
It is all or nothing. Everyone is either US or THEM.
There is no longer a middle ground -any compromise is a betrayal. Any disagreement makes you THEM.
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We are tribal by nature. That's simply fact.
The genius of freedom is that all of our tribes can mostly live together in peace, so long as we agree to respect the fundamental rights, such as life, liberty and property, of others, even if we disagree, or even if they are from different tribes, or different from us in any other respect.
The demonic cleverness of demonocracy is that it permanently divides people based on their perception of having interests that are fundamentally incompatible with the interests
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Near sight here sucks, until I'm away from a laptop/smartshftphone for a couple days
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Only that these muscles have zero to do with nearsightedness.
Nearsightedness is caused by your eyes being too large. Too long, to be precise. Alternatively, your vitreous body has a refraction power higher than normal. In either case, the image would be in focus before it hits your image receptors and hence the image is again out of focus when it finally hits the background of your eye.
Muscles do play a role in Presbyopia [wikipedia.org], it's often also called "age-related farsightedness", which is a misnomer. You're not
Re: Your eyes have muscles too (Score:3)
Myopia is a mixed bag when it comes to presbyopia.
Think of myopia & hyperopia this way: your eye starts out with approximately 15-20 diopters of accommodation range. Myopia & hyperopia determine where the "far point" is, and accommodation is what enables you to focus on things that are closer. The far point is fixed... accommodation only extends your focal depth TOWARDS you.
Presbyopia emerges as your cornea hardens over time & becomes less flexible. In other words, your range decreases, so you
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Just to elaborate about the relationship between base curves and cylinder distortion.
Most people have this idea that the front and rear surface of your lenses are precisely and optimally shaped for your exact prescription. It's not. In reality, there are about a half-dozen "standard" base curves that are used for nearly ALL eyeglasses, and only two or three that cover the entire range between -2.0 to +2.0.
If your prescription has only a spherical component, the limited base curve range isn't ideal... but it
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As I get older in my case by long range vision is fine but I find my short-range vision worsening, I really would like to reverse that trend a bit if possible, or at least hold off further degradation.
This study was a good start, but to your point perhaps we now go focus a study on societies where bad eyesight is still rare or even improving while we still can. Might find a more accurate solution to slowing or stopping visual degradation.
If laziness (atrophy due to lack of eye muscle activity) is a factor, would those employed in jobs that require a lot of eye movement, have almost little or no degradation over time or even with age? Might be a fairly simple data set to analyze.
Unfortunately, Mass Addi
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If laziness (atrophy due to lack of eye muscle activity) is a factor, would those employed in jobs that require a lot of eye movement, have almost little or no degradation over time or even with age? Might be a fairly simple data set to analyze.
That is a really good point, I wonder if anyone has looked at that before.
Seems the article was written by a shortsighted. (Score:1)
The actual proper term is "near-sightedness"
But if you really want to talk about short-sightedness, there are a lot of people whose shortsightedness can't comprehend the term.
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And google says...it's a British thing.
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My headline vote was for "blind bastards need to get out more"
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fark you!
As simple a solution as Vitamin D supplementation? (Score:2)
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I remember reading about this before. It seems to correlates pretty well with how much exposure one gets to the outdoors as a child - meaning sunlight. I'm not sure, though, if it's actually D3-related or if it's exposure to the bright sunlight itself (muscle exercise, basically).
Alaska Aleuts and reading (Score:5, Interesting)
Before Alaska became a state of the United States in 1959, the incidence of short-sightedness (also known as near-sightedness) among the native Aleuts was almost zero. After attaining statehood, the government opened schools and Aleut children became school students, spending large amounts of time reading which they had not done before. Almost immediately, the incidence of near-sightedness shot up to around 25%.
It is known that in a person's early years, an exquisitely fine-tuned chemical feedback loop is active in determining the final shape of the cornea, the part of the eye that performs most of the refraction of light necessary for a focused image on the retina. (The lens provides a secondary, variable, stage to adjust for distance.) It seems that in some fraction of people who spend a lot of time focusing on a nearby object such as a book or cell phone, that feedback loop decides that the best shape of the cornea is that which provides a default focusing for near objects, with the deformable lens unable to correct in the sense opposite to that for which it was intended.
It this is correct, having children spend more time outside would seem to be helpful but this probably does not recognize the underlying cause, which is not that kids spend too much time indoors per se but that they spend too much time reading. The increase in nearsightedness around the world in recent years quite possibly relates to increased time looking at smart phones. Of course there is likely a connection to how much different cultures encourage academic performance.
It is interesting to speculate that if susceptible children could be identified, they could be given "pre-corrective" lenses to wear only while reading or using a phone, tricking the feedback loop to settle on a more-normal cornea shape.
I'm sorry that I can't provide a reference for the Alaska story, but I am sure it sits somewhere on my bookshelf.
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A far simpler solution than "pre-corrective" lenses is: STOP wearing eyeglasses when one is outside classroom or not sitting at the back of classroom.
Nope. The overwhelming majority of cases of myopia are not diagnosed until after school. Just look around at a typical school and that should tell you all you need to know. These studies are coming out showing that a good half of students actually need corrective lenses, yet only a small fraction of people have any.
Also this has been studied to death, and those studies even have had meta studies on them: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... [nih.gov] Only *incorrect* prescriptions make myopia worse. And there's no furth
Re:Alaska Aleuts and reading (Score:5, Interesting)
Even after a relatively short interval, I find that while initially the screen is percepitably (if slightly) out of focus, it eventually focuses correctly, indicating that my eyes are indeed able to eventually relax towards something close to a perfect focus at infinity still.
I volunteer (Score:2)
Re: I volunteer (Score:2)
I had better than 20/20 vision until just a few years ago, even after 3 decades in front of a screen daily. Now I can't read anything without glasses anymore. Aging will get you eventually.
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I've always needed glasses. After 3 decades in front of the computer I now need a different pair of glasses to go outside. I can feel the grim reaper's ice breath on my neck.
Myopia (Score:5, Insightful)
The studies on myopia indicate it is indeed related to activity. If you spend much of your growing time indoors, looking at close things, your eyes become near sighted. The actual shape of the eye changes slightly. Nothing to do with the eye muscles.
This was dramatically seen in an Inuit group that one generation had practically no myopia, but a couple of generations later, after they moved indoors, myopia was common.
I suffered serious myopia after growing up in the UK in the 1960/70s and being fairly bookish. -6.5 vision is pretty horrible, requiring thick "coke-bottle" lenses. Hard contact lenses gave excellent vision, but were very uncomfortable. Later soft lenses were more comfortable, but vison less good.
Around 50, the lens in the eye hardens, preventing the muscles from moving the focus much, this is why long sightedness is common in older adults. This happened to me too, though I certainly did not become long sighted, just had a smaller range of focus.
I eventually opted for lens replacement surgery, with a multi focus lens. The result are pretty good, allowing vison at all distances, though reading glasses are still needed sometimes. There are significant side effects and acuity is well down, due to the triple focus of the Fresnel lenses.
On the bright side, I'm part cyborg now.
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This is actually borne by studies as well. It's ubiquitous in Asia because the English style education system pretty much encourages it to the extreme.
As in, three is the One Big Test(tm) that pretty much dictates your future - do you continue your education with a scholarship to an overseas (US or UK, traditionally, but generally any presti
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> The studies on myopia indicate it is indeed related to activity .. looking at close things, your eyes become near sighted
Perhaps that could be avoided if young children were to use reading glasses for reading and other close work indoors.
Newton figured out the solution ages ago (Score:2)
In a letter to Robert Hooke, he wrote:
"If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."
Just find your nearest giant - problem solved!
Well, yeah. (Score:2)
We stopped selecting for eyesight. Without selection, the trait is deprioritized.
Re:Well, yeah. (Score:5, Funny)
We stopped selecting for eyesight.
Many people only find reproductive success by seeking partners with poor eyesight.
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Yeah, funny, but evolution ain't that fast.
I'm sure it was the smartphones. Bad eyesight was made, not born.
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Moreover, what exactly do you think is doing the "selecting?" Being nearsighted does not get you eaten by the bear in modern society.
Re: Well, yeah. (Score:2)
You're actually making my point. Since being nearsighted doesn't get you eaten by a bear in modern society, sharp vision no longer a trait that is improved over time. And this has been happening since we banded together. I do mean hundreds of generations.
It wasn't just being eaten by bears, either. It was the successful location and identification of foods that could be offloaded on others.
Might be nothing to this theory in reality... but it seems rather plausible to me.
It was to be expected. (Score:2)
How could they not have seen this coming?
Myopia can be reversed (Score:2)
It is actually possible to reverse myopia, https://endmyopia.org/ [endmyopia.org] provides many explanatory resources including a wiki https://wiki.endmyopia.org/ [endmyopia.org] with much detailed background information.
It should come as no surprise: the historically high myopia rates are obviously an adaptive response to a change in our living/working environment. It should therefore be possible to understand and invert that change and achieve the reverse adaptive response.
Myopia is about where the light is focused (Score:2)
No it doesnâ(TM)t. It actually means that light is focused short, in front of the retina. For some people, the symptom of this is having trouble seeing further away things, but for others the need help seeing at all ranges. Conversely, long-sighted people canâ(TM)t necessarily see things clearly a long way away (at +5.5, I know this from experience)
Odd we can infer this but anything else is taboo (Score:1)
It's odd we can infer this but any other attempts to attribute something to a group of population is considered so taboo.
What? (Score:2)
"A paper published in 2019 concluded that each one-dioptre worsening in myopia was associated with a 67% increase in prevalence of myopic maculopathy, an untreatable condition that causes blindness."
This sentence has just scared the shit out of me. I'm heavily myopic, I'm going to recount my myopia/ocular history, hopefully someone with expertise can either chime in with some advice or someone older with worse myopia can give their experience?
All my immediate family are heavily myopic. I started wearing g
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I am around the same age as you, slightly myopic, and also spend lots of time in front of a screen.
My suggestion is the following: If you wear glasses, get a second pair that is +1.0 weaker than your normal prescription. If you wear contacts, get a pair of +1.0 reading glasses to wear over them.
Make sure they are decent quality glasses. I get mine from Zenni although I'm sure are many other suppliers. Absolutely do not pick up a pair of reading glasses from the drug store. Those are terrible.
Wearing these w
It is becoming ubiquitous in Asians. (Score:2)
I spent a lot of time outside as a kid riding my bike everywhere and playing soccer and cricket, due to Australian culture.
Only now am I developing minor sight problems because of looking at screens all day. One way to mitigate is to increas