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How Amazon Became an Engine For Anti-Vaccine Misinformation (fastcompany.com) 191

Type "vaccines" into Amazon's search bar, and its auto-complete suggests "are dangerous" for your search. But that's just part of a larger problem, points out Fast Company (in an article shared by Slashdot reader tedlistens).

For example, Amazon's search results are touting as "best sellers!" many books with some very bad science: Offered by small publishers or self-published through Amazon's platform, the books rehearse the falsehoods and conspiracy theories that fuel vaccine opposition, steepening the impact of the pandemic and slowing a global recovery. They also illustrate how the world's biggest store has become a megaphone for anti-vaccine activists, medical misinformers, and conspiracy theorists, pushing dangerous falsehoods in a medium that carries more apparent legitimacy than just a tweet.

"Without question, Amazon is one of the greatest single promoters of anti-vaccine disinformation, and the world leader in pushing fake anti-vaccine and COVID-19 conspiracy books," says Peter Hotez, a pediatrician and vaccine expert at the Baylor College of Medicine. For years, journalists and researchers have warned of the ways fraudsters, extremists, and conspiracy theorists use Amazon to earn cash and attention. To Hotez, who has devoted much of his career to educating the public about vaccines, the real-world consequences aren't academic. In the U.S. and elsewhere, he says, vaccination efforts are now up against a growing ecosystem of activist groups, foreign manipulators, and digital influencers who "peddle fake books on Amazon...."

Gradually, Amazon has taken a tougher approach to content moderation, and to a seemingly ceaseless onslaught of counterfeits, fraud, defective products, and toxic speech... Despite its sweeps, however, Amazon is still flooded with misinformation, and helping amplify it too: A series of recent studies and a review by Fast Company show the bookstore is boosting misinformation around health-related terms like "autism" or "covid," and nudging customers toward a universe of other conspiracy theory books.

In one audit first published in January, researchers at the University of Washington surveyed Amazon's search results for four dozen terms related to vaccines. Among 38,000 search results and over 16,000 recommendations, they counted nearly 5,000 unique products containing misinformation, or 10.47% of the total. For books, they found that titles deemed misinformative appeared higher in search results than books that debunked their theories. "Overall, our audits suggest that Amazon has a severe vaccine/health misinformation problem exacerbated by its search and recommendation algorithms," write Prerna Juneja and Tanushee Mitra in their paper, presented last month at the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. "Just a single click on an anti-vaccine book could fill your homepage with several other similar anti-vaccine books..." Like any products on Amazon, or any content across social media platforms, anti-vaccine titles also benefit from an algorithmically-powered ranking system. And despite the company's aggressive efforts to battle fraud, it's a system that's still easily manipulated through false reviews...

Much of the uproar about misinformation has focused on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter, but Amazon's role deserves more attention, says Marc Tuters, an assistant professor of new media at the University of Amsterdam, who helped lead the Infodemic.eu study. The retailer sells half of all the books in the U.S. and its brand is highly trusted by consumers.

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How Amazon Became an Engine For Anti-Vaccine Misinformation

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  • Cost of freedom (Score:5, Insightful)

    by misnohmer ( 1636461 ) on Sunday June 06, 2021 @04:36AM (#61459054)

    Welcome to the cost of freedom. Everyone is free to share their flawed opinions, their theories, and everyone is free to believe them. You are free to believe the Earth is flat, or that vaccines are a conspiracy to control your mind (first dose is the chip, the second is software programming), or that universal basic income can be paid my taxing "the rich" ever so slightly so they won't even notice but allow everyone to never work again if they choose so, or that the immigration problems can be solved with a giant wall or by providing indefinite room and board for anyone who wants to com, etc, etc. Yes, freedom means we are all free to be idiots too. People are free to not learn and use critical thinking or the ability to do some math which would tell them that while yes, the vaccines are not risk free, the risk to life and well being is much greater if you don't vaccinate yourself. People are sheep, and you either take away their freedom to share information and feed them pre-approved messaging only, of you can try to fight it with correct information which unfortunately in practice causes the opposite effect, or you can simply "go with the flow" - for example use people's inability to gauge risk/reward for example to get them to do what is needed for society, such as creating lotteries for people who vaccinate. Yes, those same people who know there is a risk of vaccine hurting them but cannot objectively gauge that risk, will choose a vaccine simply because there is a chance to win a car or a million dollars - that easily offsets that risk in their mind because it's something very positive, no matter the odds.

    • Re:Cost of freedom (Score:5, Insightful)

      by TheNameOfNick ( 7286618 ) on Sunday June 06, 2021 @05:44AM (#61459126)

      Not all opinions are created equal. You are certainly allowed to believe in stupid ideas, and you can market them freely. But if someone believes in antivaxx conspiracies, then they are an idiot, and if a company pushes disinformation on gullible people, then it is responsible for that. It's not a "cost of freedom" that just so happens to manifest as profit in the bank account of an innocent business. The customer types "vaccines" and Amazon responds "are dangerous". Yes, that's the "eat shit, millions of flies can't be wrong" algorithm, also known as "AI". But it's THEIR algorithm.

      • Not all opinions are created equal. You are certainly allowed to believe in stupid ideas, and you can market them freely. But if someone believes in antivaxx conspiracies, then they are an idiot, and if a company pushes disinformation on gullible people, then it is responsible for that. It's not a "cost of freedom" that just so happens to manifest as profit in the bank account of an innocent business. The customer types "vaccines" and Amazon responds "are dangerous". Yes, that's the "eat shit, millions of flies can't be wrong" algorithm, also known as "AI". But it's THEIR algorithm.

        Let's put it all those words a bit more succinctly [imgur.com].

      • The phrase you're looking for is truth in advertisement. We have laws to address exactly the sort of problem we're just not enforcing them. On the other hand if you spit on the sidewalk expect to be dog piled by 30 police officers. 50 if you're a minority.
    • by gmack ( 197796 )
      The issue isn't so much the sharing of flawed opinions, it is Amazon actively advertising them and the process, providing those views a legitimacy and working against seeing an end to this pandemic.
    • It is really annoying that some folk feel (yes, feel, not think) that since they believe one way (yes, believe, not necessarily know enough about science to understand what is going on) then they have the RIGHT to tell others to shut up. That is the antithesis of free speech and how science works. This labeling of "wrongthink" and censoring them is in the same category of fervent/fanatic Christians telling everyone that since they feel that Islam is wrong then all copies of the Koran ought to be banned an
    • by w3woody ( 44457 )

      The problem is not that we're all free to express our opinions.

      The problem is we have an implicit expectation that companies like Amazon will curate what they carry. That is, we sort of expect that if we search for a book on vaccines, we'll get a book published from a scientist or medical professional that uses the latest research available prior to publishing--not self-published bullshit.

      And the real problem is that Amazon does not--and, because of the scale of their operations--they can not--curate what t

      • The problem is we have an implicit expectation that companies like Amazon will curate what they carry.

        Well, yes, having that expectation is a problem. You shouldn't have it.

        I never thought that any old book I might find in Borders or Barnes and Noble was automatically The Truth (TM), nor did I think that it was the bookstore's job to ensure that it was. Nor did anybody else sane think that. There were all sorts of freaky books in those places, from every point of view. So why should it be any different for Amazon?

    • Amazon is free to keep their property clear of lies that get people killed, if they so choose.

    • I cannot, for example, tell you the beet juice cures cancer. I can dance around the issue, but if I get too close to that fire I'm going to get burned. I think it's time we start applying truth and advertising laws. I don't mean new laws, I mean the existing laws that we seem to have forgotten exist. This post-truth society we live in is not going to survive very long otherwise. You're free to say whatever you want, but you are not free from consequences when you're openly lying and it can be proven that yo
  • So much for the "wisdom of crowds." Consumerism, supported by PR & marketing seems to encourage certain types/qualities of things to float to the top. Maybe consumer-driven personality contests aren't the best approach to democracy or governance after all?
    • So much for the "wisdom of crowds."

      The wisdom of crowds doesn't work if there is someone making a claim to bias the crowd.

      An example....
      I don't remember all the details but someone did a study on this a long time ago when it would be a welcome prize to win a cow. The challenge was to guess the weight of the cow and the person that got the closest would win. If every guess was averaged out that average was very very close, within a pound as I recall. The problem is if there's some kind of trusted expert that spoke up with an opinion, such

      • I think in a round about way, we agree. We're both pointing out that consumer-driven personality contests appeal to emotions & tribalism. I'm also saying that they have little bearing on dealing with issues of effective governance.
  • by nospam007 ( 722110 ) * on Sunday June 06, 2021 @05:51AM (#61459138)

    I gave up and search on eBooks and Audible with Google instead, strangely enough it finds things that Amazon Search doesn't, ON THEIR OWN SITE!

    I don't even know why it works, since Google also gave up showing what I ask for and return things it THINKS I'm looking for a long time ago.

  • by CrimsonAvenger ( 580665 ) on Sunday June 06, 2021 @06:12AM (#61459162)

    The search results are biased by the previous search results.

    So the more people who look for info about vaccines being bad for you, the more likely that similar search terms will give you results like that.

    Alas, those of us who think of vaccines as just another bit of medicine don't do Google/Amazon/whatever searches on the subject.

    Yes, it's true. I have NEVER looked for information about vaccines on the web. If my doctor says "here, go get this shot", I go and get that shot. I do NOT check on the web for information about the shot (the only reason I even might do that is if the place I get my vaccinations didn't have any of the stuff on hand, and I wanted to get it done right now so I could go on vacation).

    So, search results will be biased toward "Vaccines are EVIL" just because the people who think otherwise aren't going to bother searching the web for any information about vaccines other than (faintly possibly) the location he/she/it can get the shot done....

    • If my doctor says "here, go get this shot", I go and get that shot. I do NOT check on the web for information about the shot (the only reason I even might do that is if the place I get my vaccinations didn't have any of the stuff on hand, and I wanted to get it done right now so I could go on vacation).

      There are three shots right now in the USA, and they are not created equal, and the long-term ramifications differ for each. Your doctor may be diligent, and that's great for you, but a lot of them aren't so much and they are also often hamstrung by a system that does not give them enough time to provide quality care. Being that casual about your health care may harm you.

    • Even more so, why would best selling be considered equal to most factual?

      The sets might overlap, but there is no reason to expect them to be the same.

  • ... but certainly not on Amazon.co.uk - once I'd opened holes in the firewall to actually let "predictive text" work (I didn't even know there was such a facility until now, and have closed the holes back up, since it's useless).

    So, Amazon (US corporation) profits by selling dangerous bullshit to Amazon.com's customers (in America) ; eventually Amazon's American customer base will become extinct, shortly followed by Amazon itself. Fine.

    And the problem is?

  • ... to protect idiots. Governments all over the world have tried that for hundreds of years by slowly taking freedoms away from intelligent people who can make their own decisions in order to protect idiots. That's why there are labels on hair dryers to not use them in the shower. And on grills to not use them indoors. I received a box the other day that said 'Do not use sharp instruments to cut'. Because obviously some idiots don't know the proper way to use a utility knife.

    Better to let evolution w
  • If you hit on that suggestion, which is several down in the list of suggestions, I think that says more about you than about Amazon.

    There are lots of valid reasons to criticize Amazon, but that instance of their search suggestions isn't one of them. I didn't follow it up, so I don't know what the search would have returned if I'd done so. Perhaps that would provide a reasonable basis for criticizing them, but I don't want to train the search engine that way.

    OTOH, it's a valid criticism of publicly trainab

  • I hate the antivax movement as much as anyone else here, but if you see misinformation being published on Amazon, give it a negative review. Back in the days when a small number of publishers decided what books we were allowed to read, bad information still got published.

  • All society has to do for people who don't want to get the vaccine is to say that if you don't get a vaccine and end up needing treatment, the federal government will not pay for any of it, and private insurance doesn't have to cover it either. That way you're free to not get the vaccine, but you have to shoulder the cost of your decision.

    Society provides an effective ounce of prevention. If you don't want it, society won't pay for a pound of cure.

  • by ISoldat53 ( 977164 ) on Sunday June 06, 2021 @09:23AM (#61459520)
    Stupid people don't read. If it's not on the television it doesn't impact them. No book recommendation will affect them.
  • Unless you are looking for a very specific product--and you know what product you want based on outside search results--Amazon's search results for most major product lines has become a dumping ground for cheap Chinese ripoffs, junk science books, and poorly made crap. Even in specific product categories it's a dumping grown for low-end products--even worse online than Walmart is in person.

    Even if you know what you're looking for and know the company you want to buy it from, Amazon's search process will put

  • I'm not the tin foil hat type and I don't go for the apocalypses shit. That said, this is biowarefare. If we in the West seriously want to address this stuff we will exile the Chinese students in our country as enemy combatants/

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