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Biotech Medicine

New Studies Show Covid-19 Vaccines' Effectiveness Against Variants (cnn.com) 155

CNN recently reported on "a batch" of new studies published Wednesday — with one quantifying how much immunity improves after the second dose, and others showing how well coronavirus vaccines work against new variants of the virus: The first nationwide study of coronavirus vaccination, done in Israel, showed Pfizer/BioNtech's vaccine works far better after two doses. Two shots of the vaccine provided greater than 95% protection from infection, severe illness and death, Dr. Eric Haas of the Israel Ministry of Health and colleagues reported in the Lancet medical journal. "Two doses of BNT162b2 are highly effective across all age groups in preventing symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-related hospitalizations, severe disease, and death, including those caused by the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant," they wrote. The B.1.1.7 variant, first seen in Britain, has spread widely and is now the most common new variant seen in the US. It was also common in Israel when the study was done...

"By 14 days after vaccination, protections conferred by a second dose [of the Pfizer vaccine] increased to 96.5% protection against infection, 98% against hospitalization, and 98.1% against death," the team wrote. But people who got only one dose of the vaccine were far less protected. One dose alone gave just 57.7% protection against infection, 75.7% against hospitalization, and 77% against death....

Separately, a team in the Gulf state of Qatar looked at the efficacy of Pfizer's vaccine in the population there when B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 were both circulating. They found reassuring results. "The estimated effectiveness of the vaccine against any documented infection with the B.1.1.7 variant was 89.5% at 14 or more days after the second dose. The effectiveness against any documented infection with the B.1.351 variant was 75%," the researchers wrote in a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine...

Vaccine maker Moderna reported Wednesday that a booster shot delivering a half-dose of its current vaccine revs up the immune response against both B.1.351 and P.1. And a booster dose formulated specifically to match B.1.351 was even more effective, Moderna said in a statement...

In another study, vaccine maker Novavax confirmed earlier findings that showed its vaccine protects against B.1.351.

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New Studies Show Covid-19 Vaccines' Effectiveness Against Variants

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 08, 2021 @11:40AM (#61362704)

    Slashdot geniuses. Tell me how this data is wrong and you know better. Don't keep me waiting!

    • Data is never "wrong", you insensitive clod. It may be inacccurate. What can be wrong is its interpretation. /pedantic
      • Of course data can be wrong. If a car runs across my keyboard as I'm entering the data. That data is wrong.
        The measurement I was recording may have been inaccurate. Who knows? But that data entered is definitely wrong.
        • Or a cat...
          • If a car runs across my keyboard>p>
            Or a cat...

            Both are possible depending on where you're entering your data. Such as in your garage.

        • No, it's your interpretation. The data is still just data. Neither right nor wrong.
          • You seem to twist thost words into a convenient misuse to suit your purposes.

            *Everything* is interpretation. That is a brain's only function.
            So when we say "the data is wrong" that is the same thing as saying "it is interpreted wrong", and it means "I am not being told the same thing as you or I observed". Which can be because that person interpreted it differently, because that person lied to you, because communication failed due to different definitions of terms, or *you* interpreting it work, or you lyin

  • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @12:00PM (#61362752)
    There's a huge push to get us all back in the office. If you've got even a 99% chance but you keep rolling those dice won't you roll a natural 1 eventually? Herd immunity could stop that, but it's politically impossible.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by dskoll ( 99328 )

      Herd immunity may be politically impossible right now in the United States. But if we have enough incentivesthe US might get there.

      "No vaccine and no legit medical excuse for not getting it? Fine. No sending your kid to school. No international travel. No getting into theatres or concerts. Heck, no driver's license renewal." Also, positive images on social media of fully-vaccinated people going out and having fun can help instill FOMO in the anti-vaxxers and sway some of them.

      I'm in Canada. About

    • No, the study is done with dice rollers, not people locked in cage. Just as birth control effectiveness is done with fertile couples actually having sex, not for example geek forum incels living in mom's basement.

      • is it 96.5% effective overall across all exposure events or is it 96.5% effective per exposure. That's what I've never been clear on.

        Because if it's the latter then it's only a matter of time before you get sick, vaccinated or not. And yeah, it'll likely keep you out of the hospital, but that doesn't mean you won't get sick, or suffer lasting effects. It just means you're not sick enough to be hospitalized, which in America means you're *very* sick (or wealthy and well connected like Chris Christy).
        • In the phase 3 studies these rates come from, effectiveness of the vaccine is computed by comparing the infection rate of the experimental group (vaccinated) vs that of the control group (unvaccinated; placebo). A 96.5% rating, for example, would mean that the vaccinated group got sick at about 3.5% the rate of the unvaccinated group. This is over a period of time -- generally until some previously determined number of total infections are recorded among all study subjects. So in all, the effectiveness i

        • is it 96.5% effective overall across all exposure events or is it 96.5% effective per exposure. That's what I've never been clear on.

          It couldn't possibly be per exposure. Since we don't even know how many exposures each person had. Plenty of asymptomatic people the can be exposed to.
          What do you even mean by per exposure anyway. How close to an exposed person counts as 'an exposure' 1cm 1m? How long is 'an exposure' per hour, per minute, per second?
          Or do you mean per virus particle your body encounters? Likewise we could never measure that either.

          Sensibly it could only mean all exposure events during the time of the study.
          How did you

    • but you keep rolling those dice won't you roll a natural 1 eventually

      It's the same things with masks. Masks just reduce the probability of becoming infected (since they are not N95 grade or better which are designed to filter virus-sized particles). So if the probability of becoming infected after spending t amount of minutes in an enclosed area (v cubic feet of air) is t / v, and a mask decreases that risk by m, you get t / (v * m). However, it's pretty much moot when t becomes large.

      Students spending 6-7 hours in a classroom together, employees spending 6-7 hours in an

      • Masks just reduce the probability of becoming infected

        Even that statement is meaningless until you define what you mean by "infected". Do you mean:

        1. Infected in the normal sense of ingesting enough of a virus to become obviously ill;

        2. Infected in the sense of having enough bits and pieces of something to score a positive test;

        3. Or infected in the sense of having a few billion viruses of the relevant type in your body - as we all do for many viruses (possibly thousands of different types)?

        • by dryeo ( 100693 )

          Most people here are wearing masks and there is still a lot of cases. Some of those outbreaks are in work spaces where masks are required and some seem to be in homes and such where people aren't wearing masks.
          Shit, the one household I know where it went through, was brought home from the hospital where mask wearing was very strict. The guy who brought it home died, he wasn't that healthy which is why he was in the hospital, one household member is now virus free but still in the hospital, one spent a coupl

    • Yeah, you're gonna eventually die. Hate to tell ya. ;))

      Just ponder those dice the next time you swallow a burger with a sip of coke a while crossing an intersection on your way to work. :)

      Do you have kids, by the way? Or any work that will leave a mark on the world?
      If no, then, frankly... what's the difference anyway? ;))

  • mRNA vaccines (Score:5, Insightful)

    by dskoll ( 99328 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @12:05PM (#61362764) Homepage

    One of the good things to come out of this pandemic is the development of mRNA vaccines. I think they're a game-changer for many diseases, and their incredibly efficacy and safety is really encouraging.

    Once the infrastructure for producing mRNA vaccines is in place, spinning up a new vaccine to deal with a new threat can be done very, very quickly.

    • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

      One of the good things to come out of this pandemic is the development of mRNA vaccines.

      I agree, but at the same time this focus on novel vaccines has resulted in a lack of affordable and easy-to-mass-produce vaccines for poorer countries. Some are working on it, but are barely getting attention or funding for it [democracynow.org].

      • The focus is on novel vaccines because they are faster to develop. Classic vaccines simply take longer. But be not afraid, they are coming. China has two already approved, Russia has one, India has one as well. France will get theirs finished one day too.

        • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

          The focus is on novel vaccines because they are faster to develop. Classic vaccines simply take longer.

          From the article:

          I often think, though, if I hadn’t had to spend the first few months of the pandemic going out trying to raise money, we could have maybe had something ready to go right now.

          Perhaps it's true in the general case, but it doesn't seem to hold here (provided their phase 2/3 trials complete successfully).

          • We had this kind of a doctor here in Germany as well, but nobody was impressed with what he developed. Sanofi had the money. They still haven't finished their classic vaccine. The problem with the classic vaccines is that it takes lots of tries to get their efficacy to the required 50% and even though any university lab can make such a vaccine, most of them won't work anyway.

      • I agree, but at the same time this focus on novel vaccines has resulted in a lack of affordable and easy-to-mass-produce vaccines for poorer countries. Some are working on it, but are barely getting attention or funding for it [democracynow.org].

        Now that we have taken the initiative to be first with mRNA, there is no reason why everyone else can't make such vaccines too, and against an increasing variety of conditions.

        • by Halo1 ( 136547 )

          Apart from manufacturing capabilities, costs and patent rights, yes. Again: I fully agree it's a great and useful achievement. But when there's a global pandemic where you need massive amounts of cheap and easily manufactureable and distributable vaccines, having access to other options is handy.

    • Re: mRNA vaccines (Score:5, Insightful)

      by BAReFO0t ( 6240524 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @02:19PM (#61363180)

      Yes, people don't realize it's as big a deal as penicillin!

      Basically, we can now deliver immune system updates.
      This will also literally be the cure for cancer.

      We can even set up a distributed immune system update network between humans that way. Just like mothers give immune updates to their babies via breast milk.

      (Of course it can be abused for nefarious purposes. But so can anything powerful, from nuclear fission over chemistry to neuro-psychology and central water supply. Anyone who wants to be evil, could alread do so since forever. It would be crazy to waste it just because of being a pussy.)

  • Estimated effectiveness against all outcomes at 14â"21 days after the first dose was lower than that of two doses at 7 days or longer or at 14 days or longer after the second dose, demonstrating the importance of fully vaccinating adults.

    If you are going to compare a single dose with two doses at least wait the same absolute length of time in each group so that you are comparing outcomes on an equitable apples to apples basis. This is especially true given we know even from original trial data effectiveness continues to improve for some two months after a single shot.

    I can only assume people who are pulling this shit have an agenda and are doing it intentionally to promote a pre-ordained preference.

    Additionally, little is known about the duration of protection of one dose and how it compares with the durability after two doses. It is possible that one dose will provide a shorter duration of protection than two doses, particularly in an environment where new SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge.

    Nothing like baseless conjecturbation fro

    • I take it you have degrees in medicine and statistics?

      • I can't speak for WaffleMonster, but I know for certain that Newton had no degree in physics, Leibniz had no degree in mathematics, and Euclid, Archimedes, Leonardo da Vinci, Darwin and Einstein had no degrees at all.

        What's your point?

        • Oh, I overlooked Faraday. That would never do.

        • by ArchieBunker ( 132337 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @01:00PM (#61362930)

          They published ground breaking theories and discoveries. Shit posters here just say "nuh uh" to try and sound contrary and intellectual while offering no proof of their claims.

        • I think the point usually is all those very smart fellows you listed didn't pop off to the local town square and declare things because of "common sense", "I say so", "I believe this" or "You guys are all wrong", they went and did the work of science and proved their conclusions in the way that one would prove something against the greater scientific consensus.

          Our friend here has claimed the authors of this study have "an agenda" based on the use of a data point and/or method he doesn't like. Now instead o

          • Our friend here has claimed the authors of this study have "an agenda" based on the use of a data point and/or method he doesn't like.

            I don't like it. I think its sloppy and inappropriate and I explained why. I certainly welcome evidence on the merits explaining why it is not the case but I know that this is asking way too much.

            Instead it will be nonsense like how dare WaffleMonster EXPLICITLY make an ASSumption, what is his credentials, blah blah blah.

            Now instead of laying out why this is bad,

            I would think based on my comment the why is fairly clear. They are comparing two things (e.g. single vs double dose) while not accounting for other variables (e.g. elapsed time) that ar

            • Well I would ask what's the agenda? Two shots is double the money?

              If they had tested the 2 dose people at 21 days also that would have cleared up the issue for you? You may have a point but but I would not chalk that up to "agenda", this was not a controlled study, this was a study of public data They also can't study a single dose in Israel for longer than 21 day's since they have mandatory 2 dosing at that point.

              They are pretty upfront about not knowing how this will work against future variants or dura

        • by hey! ( 33014 )

          And the most mediocre physics student who graduates with a bachelor's degree knows far more about physics than Newton ever did. He may not have Newton's *creative* genius, but he's much more qualified to answer a question about atomic physics or electromagnetism.

          And it's probably safe to say that nobody here is as talented a physicist as Newton. Using Newton as an example that *anyone* can have an opinion about *anything* and it's just as valid as any expert's is kind of silly.

      • I take it you have degrees in medicine and statistics?

        Can you address the issue on the merits or not? I have no interest in appeals to authority.

    • by Entrope ( 68843 )

      They gave a single dose longer to be effective than the two-dose combination. It would be unethical to withhold a second dose just to find out what the effectiveness of a single dose would be after more weeks.

      • They gave a single dose longer to be effective than the two-dose combination. It would be unethical to withhold a second dose just to find out what the effectiveness of a single dose would be after more weeks.

        Two points.

        1. The opposite is true. You get way better bang for your vaccine supply by staggering vaccinations.

        https://www.thelancet.com/jour... [thelancet.com]

        2. If you don't have evidence to make a claim but go ahead and do so anyway don't cry when you are called out on it.

        • by dryeo ( 100693 )

          Well, the experiment is being done in Canada, though it might change. I, along with most, are due for the 2nd shot after 16 weeks (15 now in my case). This is based on the theory that it is better for everyone to have one dose then half the people to have 2 doses. If we get more vaccine, that 16 weeks will likely be shortened.
          Another thing the medical people are quite interested in is mixing vaccines and how well that works. I believe there is a bit of a study on it in the UK.

  • Antibodies to previous versions still have some affinity for the variants. They can still neutralize an infection in principle by sheer numbers.

    If you've studied "dynamic equilibrium" in chemistry this will all be intuitive. Otherwise, an easy way to see it is that if an antibody falls off like an old sticky note, as long as there's lots more nearby to take its place the virus still has an unwanted friend who will introduce it to a macrophage.

    The extraordinary increase in antibody levels from a second dose could explain why second-dose people are so much more resistant to variants.

    • We've had a measles vaccine for 50+ years, measles is far from eradicated, and it's one of the most contagious viruses we have, even worse than flu or covid-19.

      Yet, the world isn't swept by vaccine-resistant measles pandemics every few years.

      The immune system isn't dumb at the thing it does. It can generalize to similar pathogens, especially the long-term part of it. If all a virus had to do to bypass our defenses was to evolve a slightly different spike protein, we'd have a big problem.

      Some viruses have tr

      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        OTOH, every year there are new flu (and cold) strains, some bad. Different viruses mutate (in a bad way) at different rates. Measles doesn't seem to mutate, at least in a way that changes the infection. Covid seems to be somewhere in between, doesn't mutate quick like the flu but does mutate eventually. There are now about half a dozen variants of concern that are more infectious and hit the younger people harder, circulating here in Canada. It did take a year for these to show up.

  • More data... (Score:3, Informative)

    by dbreeze ( 228599 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @01:39PM (#61363052)

    https://noqreport.com/2021/05/... [noqreport.com] /...

    Abstract

    Since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, the race for testing new platforms designed to confer immunity against SARS-CoV-2, has been rampant and unprecedented, leading to emergency authorization of various vaccines. Despite progress on early multidrug therapy for COVID-19 patients, the current mandate is to immunize the world population as quickly as possible. The lack of thorough testing in animals prior to clinical trials, and authorization based on safety data generated during trials that lasted less than 3.5 months, raise questions regarding the safety of these vaccines. The recently identified role of SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein Spike for inducing endothelial damage characteristic of COVID-19, even in absence of infection, is extremely relevant given that most of the authorized vaccines induce the production of Spike glycoprotein in the recipients. Given the high rate of occurrence of adverse effects, and the wide range of types of adverse effects that have been reported to date, as well as the potential for vaccine-driven disease enhancement, Th2-immunopathology, autoimmunity, and immune evasion, there is a need for a better understanding of the benefits and risks of mass vaccination, particularly in the groups that were excluded in the clinical trials. Despite calls for caution, the risks of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been minimized or ignored by health organizations and government authorities. We appeal to the need for a pluralistic dialogue in the context of health policies, emphasizing critical questions that require urgent answers if we wish to avoid a global erosion of public confidence in science and public health. /...

    Discussion

    The risks outlined here are a major obstacle to continuing global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Evidence on the safety of all SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is needed before exposing more people to the184 risk of these experiments, since releasing a candidate vaccine without time to fully understand the resulting impact on health could lead to an exacerbation of the current global crisis [41]. Risk-stratification of vaccine recipients is essential. According to the UK government, people below 60 years of age have an extremely low risk of dying from COVID-191 187 . However, according to Eudravigillance, most of the serious adverse effects following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination occur in people aged 18-64. Of particular concern is the planned vaccination schedule for children aged 6 years and older in the United States and the UK. Dr. Anthony Fauci recently anticipated that teenagers across the country will be vaccinated in the autumn and younger children in early 2022, and the UK is awaiting trial results to commence vaccination of 11 million children under 18. There is a lack of scientific justification for subjecting healthy children to experimental vaccines, given that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that they have a 99.997% survival rate if infected with SARS-CoV-2. Not only is COVID-19 irrelevant as a threat to this age group, but there is no reliable evidence to support vaccine efficacy or effectiveness in this population or to rule out harmful side effects of these experimental vaccines. In this sense, when physicians advise patients on the elective administration of COVID-19 vaccination, there is a great need to better understand the benefits and risk of administration, particularly in understudied groups.

    In conclusion, in the context of the rushed emergency-use-authorization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the current gaps in our understanding of their safety, the following questions must be raised:

    Is it known whether cross-reactive antibodies from previous coronavirus infections or vaccine206 induced antibodies may influence the risk of unintended pathogenesis following vacci

    • by Briareos ( 21163 )

      Who the fuck modded this piece of bunk up?

      Wasn't the huge MyPillow ad on the right warning enough?
      Or the "gab", "telegram", "parler" links below?
      Or the "Our worldview is driven by a conservative, Christian ideology." on the about page?

      Nothing says "trustworthy medical advice" than all of the above.

  • ... is how it differs from mixing two vaccines.

    Like if you got AstraZeneca for the first shot, and Biontech for the second one. Will it still be as good?
    Or is it a case of quanitzation, where the body does not consider them the same in terms of memorizing what to attack.

    • Chances are it's at least as good as the average of the two. Can could be up to even better than two doses of any of them.
      We should get results from the UK study on mixed doses soon.

  • by carton ( 105671 ) on Saturday May 08, 2021 @02:28PM (#61363216)

    The Lancet study does not address South African b.1.351 variant so it's just confirming things we already knew. CNN's article, as you would expect, muddies this by talking about the effectiveness of hypothetical vaccines no one has received yet, leaving out vaccine/variant combinations we know work poorly like Oxford/b.1.351.

    It does not inform an American which of the three approved vaccines has the broadest variant coverage, which is the actionable question for their audience.

    I get better information from twitter than Slashdot-reposting-CNN. Sad.

  • Is the single dose data coming from data from days 0-21 after first dose? If so, it would explain why the numbers are so low. When you take numbers starting day 14+, it's usually almost as good as two dose.

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