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Chinese Submarine Reaches the Deepest Place On Earth (cnbc.com) 112

The Chinese submersible Fendouzhe just reached one of the deepest spots on the planet, reaching a dizzying (and dark) depth of 35,791 feet (10,909 meters), according to a state-run news agency. LiveScience reports: During a months-long expedition, Fendouzhe completed 13 dives into the Mariana Trench -- which boasts the deepest region on Earth -- in the western Pacific Ocean over the course of the mission, which began Oct. 10, according to China Daily. Eight of those dives exceeded 32,808 feet (10,000 m), and the crewed submersible reached its own record depth on Nov. 10 -- plunging to a depth exceeding the height of Mount Everest. The depth world record is still held by Victor Vescovo, a private equity investor who dived to 35,873 feet (10,934 m) on June 26 in his vessel Limiting Factor, according to Guinness World Records. The Fendouzhe's maximum depth reached by Fendouzhe (which means "Striver" in Chinese) exceeds film director James Cameron's solo 2012 dive to 35,787 feet (10,908 m) in the trench, and falls short of the 35,800 feet (10,912 m) attained by the Swiss-Italian-American vessel Trieste on Jan. 23, 1960.
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Chinese Submarine Reaches the Deepest Place On Earth

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  • by hcs_$reboot ( 1536101 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @05:07AM (#60781594)
    The Moon, the deepest trenches, China is doing well. First economy in the world? Trump said "not on my watch". And indeed, won't be on "his watch".
    • They both seem to be places where you spend a lot of effort reaching them but once you're there you wander about aimlessly for a brief while and then just pack up your bags and leave again.
      It's the journey , not the destination.

      • It's not the journey. In this case it's a stupid superpower "me too" contest.

        Going to the moon in 1969 was also a pissing contest. It was stupidly expensive, but at least it wasn't pointless from a scientific point of view. The Chinese endeavors are only stupidly expensive pissing contests with no scientific value.

        • by Joe2020 ( 6760092 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @08:36AM (#60781904)

          No, it is the journey.

          You cannot get to the deepest points without science and to get there successfully is an affirmation of science. The value of science comes from its application.

        • by cusco ( 717999 ) <brian@bixby.gmail@com> on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @09:34AM (#60782036)

          As the other poster says, it's the science but more importantly it's the engineering. If you can go to the far side of the moon and work then you can go anywhere in the solar system. If you can plumb the Challenger Deep then you can go anywhere in the ocean. These two examples are not "pissing contests" in the way the US/Soviet competitions were, crash programs to demonstrate some imaginary superiority. They're engineering projects developed over the last couple of decades, to the point where the Chinese are now confident in their ability to demonstrate to the Third World that they're a modern nation worth partnering with for the future.

          I'd disagree that Apollo was "stupidly expensive" compared to anything the military does. Adjusted for inflation the entire program from initiation to the return of Apollo 17 cost $283 billion. The Pentagram has officially spent $778 billion in Afghanistan alone (not inflation adjusted nor counting other expenses of the intel agencies or State Department). At its peak NASA was receiving 4.5% of the US budget, less than 10% of the average Pentagon share in the last half century.

          • If you can plumb the Challenger Deep then you can go anywhere in the ocean. These two examples are not "pissing contests" in the way the US/Soviet competitions were, crash programs to demonstrate some imaginary superiority.

            If you can go anywhere in local space, you can drop munitions anywhere on Earth. The US/Soviet "pissing contests" were about military superiority, not just for fun. They were, in short, a chapter of the cold war.

            • by cusco ( 717999 ) <brian@bixby.gmail@com> on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @11:08AM (#60782304)

              Maybe you're younger than I am, but I really don't remember it that way and most of the people involved in the project didn't either. In reality once the Gemini booster was to the point where it didn't explode more than a quarter of the time the military aspect of the Space Race was over. Even a Saturn I would have been useless as a weapon, needing a special building to construct it, a special transporter to move it to the custom-built launch pad, days to fuel it and months to put it together. Any of several thousand parts could have been sabotaged and caused a launch failure. Sure, the Pentagram likes to take credit for all sorts of things like inventing the Internet, constructing the Interstate Highway System and putting men on the moon, but they're every bit as full of crap in that last claim as they were in the others. The Pentegram's contribution to the space program has consisted mostly in fucking up the Space Shuttle and forcing NASA to fund most of their R&D.

              I'm reminded of Sergei Korolev, who told a Kremlin general wanting to siphon away resources from the Soviet space program, "Our project is much more important than your bombs." Sure, each side celebrated when they were the first to reach a particular milestone, but the engineers, technicians, scientists and astronauts involved would have been overjoyed to be able to pool their resources and knowledge with their counterparts on the other side of the world.

              • This is only true if you believe that the only military use of space is ICBMs and weapons - larger boosters with better reliability were a game changer for orbital observation systems, they allowed spy satellites to become both larger, better equipped and as a result more expensive as because you could rely on the booster to work, you could use the latest tech without fear that you had a decent chance of throwing $4billion down the drain minutes into launch...

                • by cusco ( 717999 )

                  An Atlas booster was adequate to launch pretty much anything they wanted on orbit until at least the Eye In The Sky satellites in the late '70s, and Atlas was man-rated by 1962 when it carried John Glenn to orbit.

              • Maybe you're younger than I am, but I really don't remember it that way and most of the people involved in the project didn't either.

                That doesn't reflect on why there was funding for those projects in the least.

            • And the fact that China had nothing BUT missiles for 40 years, before stealing and obtaining western tech to be able to launch humans, means nothing?
              • by cusco ( 717999 )

                So do I understand that if China wants to build an airplane they're expected to re-invent the airfoil and the internal combustion engine?

                **OF COURSE** they are using technology developed in other countries, so is Space X and no one is whining that Musk "stole" the tech to do it. This hypocrisy on the part of people who should know better never fails to annoy the crap out of me.

                • what technology did SX steal?
                  • by cusco ( 717999 )

                    Did Space X reinvent the wheel? No, of course not, they built on the work of NASA, Roscosmos, and all their predecessors going back to the original Chinese gunpowder rockets used to panic Manchurian cavalry. Expecting China to ignore the work of Goddard, Von Braun, Korolev, etc. and start their effort from scratch is absurd and a hoop that no one expects any other space agency to jump through. When the Arduino was put on the market everyone was excited, no one said, "They stole the technology from Intel/

        • Pissing contests are what give meaning to life :)

        • no they are not stupid pissing contests; even if they are rehashing US achievements from 40-50 years ago.
          China is trying to build up their own capabilities without relying on other countries.

          Developing the expertise to do a lunar landing and bring materials back to earth is a huge accomplishment; and that expertise would be useful for mars exploration or beyond. What's embarrassing is that for quite some time US lacked a launch vehicle, and had to rely on Russia. China is wisely avoiding that fate.

        • Of course they're justified in going down there - they may be things you can eat!
          And, more importantly, things that other people can't eat, 'cos they haven't been there.
    • by Greyfox ( 87712 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @11:27AM (#60782376) Homepage Journal
      The USA has clearly abdicated its role as a world leader in all areas. We've surrendered the moral high ground to lecture even the worst despots in the world. We've been taking our technical expertise for granted for decades while also under-funding the educational system required to maintain it. We've been failing to invest in infrastructure. We're all too happy to allow our citizens to starve as long as our taxes don't go up. Now we get to sit and watch as others claim the future we thought was our God-given destiny. I suspect the world will be a much better place without us to bully it around, though we'll probably still try until someone get sick of it and smacks us down.
      • by labnet ( 457441 )

        For all its warts, I’d still much rather the USA who has a judeo Christian foundation which ultimately limits the sociopaths in power.
        China has no such limiter, so will happily do whatever it takes in the name of the party, as has every communist regime before it.

      • by swillden ( 191260 ) <shawn-ds@willden.org> on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @03:15PM (#60783206) Journal

        We've been taking our technical expertise for granted for decades while also under-funding the educational system required to maintain it.

        Only half, maybe a bit less, of our technical expertise has been due to our educational system. The rest has been achieved by aggressively brain-draining the rest of the world, i.e. immigration. Of course, we've been doing a bang-up job of stifling that lately as well.

    • That's Chinese robot overlords and underlords to you.

      And I'm not even going to mention "He whose name need not be mentioned."

  • Calibration Question (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ytene ( 4376651 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @05:17AM (#60781612)
    I took a look at the linked LiveScience article, but it doesn't describe how the science team go about measuring extreme depth accurately.

    Way back in 2011, a US vessel used a multi-beam echo-sounder to perform an extremely accurate depth map of the trench (see here [bbc.com]), so if you could plot your [submersible] location with good accuracy - and if the submersible was equipped with accurate echolocation sensors facing down, it might be possible to calculate by subtraction.

    Given the extreme depths, I don't think you could rely on pressure, because that will be a function of water density, which in turn is a function of water temperature, which will be variable over time [possibly seasonally, possibly influenced by ocean warming, etc.].

    Just seems like a really neat technical challenge to solve...
    • Given the extreme depths, I don't think you could rely on pressure, because that will be a function of water density, which in turn is a function of water temperature, which will be variable over time

      I'm genuinely curious, does anyone know if there is any significant seasonal change in pressure at those depths due to temperature? I can't imagine that there is a seasonal temperature change in the ocean past a couple hundred feet. Even at 1000 feet, is it enogh to to make the difference more than a couple inches once you get to 35K feet? It does make me wonder what the effect is between the original dive vs. today since the average temperature of the ocean has increased since then.

    • This. (Score:5, Interesting)

      by dtmos ( 447842 ) * on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @07:51AM (#60781836)

      The claimed difference between the world depth record, 35,873 feet (10,934 m), and the Chinese mark, 35,791 feet (10,909 meters), is 82 feet (25 meters), or 82 / 35873 = 0.0023 (0.23%) of the measurement. Measuring depth in the open ocean to such precision is easy; measuring depth in the open ocean to such accuracy is a lot more difficult. Making relative comparisons between two measurements, done independently at different times by different people with different equipment, and at slightly different places in the ocean, turns the exercise into a game of probability, i.e., the only answerable technical question one may ask is, "What is the likelihood that the Chinese mark [differs from / is greater than / is less than] the world depth record?"

      This is, of course, separate from the questions, "Where is the deepest spot in the ocean?" and "How deep is it?", questions that have answers that vary over time, as explorers survey with improved equipment. When I was young, Mount Everest was stated to be 29,000 feet high (subtracting the 2 feet added by Andrew Waugh [wikipedia.org]); this number has varied since from 29,028 to 29,035 to the number currently accepted by many today, 29,029 feet (8848 m). The absolute number, of course, is dependent on the definition of "sea level" which, also of course, depends on the geoid [wikipedia.org] one uses in one's definition.

      • I mean it's just like all kinds of world records where things differ by some tiny amount. Did that runner really run faster or did he just have a 0.567 KPH wind at his back or was the track sloping 0.128 degrees downward more than the track of the previous record? And if we ran the same exact race tomorrow would we end up with entirely different results?

        • by dtmos ( 447842 ) *

          Not to mention that the quality of the track, the design of the shoes, the timing methods, etc. have changed so much over time that it's difficult to compare, say, Jesse Owens' performance in 1936 to that of, say, Usain Bolt's performance in 2009.

      • Measuring depth in the open ocean to such precision is easy; measuring depth in the open ocean to such accuracy is a lot more difficult.

        Really? I don't see why. Unlike atmosphere, water has extremely consistent density, especially if you factor in temperatures, which should make barometric depth readings highly precise and accurate, both. Even if you ignore temperature, the density difference between, say, 60F and 32F is only 8 parts in 10000. But there's no reason to ignore the temperature differences when you actually have to pass through all of the temperature gradients (twice!) and can measure and log them.

        • by dtmos ( 447842 ) *

          Measuring depth in the open ocean to such precision is easy; measuring depth in the open ocean to such accuracy is a lot more difficult.

          Really? I don't see why.

          See, for example, this article [ric.edu]. Water may have "extremely consistent density," for suitable definitions of "extremely consistent," but seawater does not, due to its varying salinity (which affects its density due to the mass of the salt). In addition, one must account for the themocline (a region in which the temperature changes rapidly with depth), the halocline (a region in which the salinity changes rapidly with depth), and the pycnocline (a region in which the density changes rapidly with depth), all

          • The explanation is appreciated. The snark not so much.
            • by dtmos ( 447842 ) *

              The explanation is appreciated. The snark not so much.

              Please accept my apology. It was late, I was tired, but really, I have no excuse.

    • Most depth measurements are done via pressure, and if you want to be accurate you need to take a salinity and temperature profile while descending and integrate over the calculated density. If you are measuring via sonar those same profiles are just as important as the speed of sound is proportional to density.

      I also wouldn't be surprised if some navigational aids (sonar or laser reflectors) have been placed down there to help map the trench.

      • by ytene ( 4376651 )
        Thanks for responding. The reason I was reluctant to rely on a pressure recording for accuracy [and I have no idea really] was that, of course, we can't assume that either the water temperature or salinity in the column of water above the vehicle are constant. Both of these values will impact the density of the water, which in turn will impact the pressure readings.

        If we were measuring down a few hundred or even a few thousand metres, of course these variables would have negligible impact and we could li
    • Sonar uses sound waves, and the speed of sound varies dramatically depending on salinity and temperature--which is why submarines can use knowledge of salinity and temperature gradients to hide from surface ships' sonar. There are limits to where they can hide, of course, but it illustrates the point that sonar can't be relied on to give accurate depths.

      Otoh, below a certain depth there's very little variation; so precision, in the sense of repeatable measurements, is not that difficult, assuming you can c

  • They are starting to split hairs just for boasting rights. Trying to find a spot a few feet deeper to say they were the deepest. Before long they'll be digging into the sediment to be a few feet deeper than the previous record holder.

    • No, that's just them getting more sand to keep the Paracel islands above sea level so they can install air strips and SAM launchers.

  • Have they done anything yet that they couldn't just steal the tech to do it with?
  • Fuck China (Score:1, Informative)

    by AndyKron ( 937105 )
    Meanwhile millions of Uyghurs are in detention camps for the crime of living.
    • China puts Christians into labor camps just for being Christians, and then to really cap off the irony has them make Christmas lights. If there's a minority group, China will shit on it.

      • Did someone sell the drinkypoo account? Placing the world's largest and most notorious oppressor group as a victim is completely out of character for this account's usual SJW rhetoric.
        • A group can be oppressed in one place, and oppressor in another.

          I am all in favor of educating religion into nonexistence, not stamping it out with an iron heel.

          I am the same person I have always been, but some of my views have shifted over time.

        • Looks like it was taken over.
          Maybe soon, we will see the other Chinese trolls (Barefoot, Caffinated Bacon, AmiMoJo, etc) will finally start telling the truth WRT China.
        • by labnet ( 457441 )

          Has DNS and Bind been taken ver by Chinese trolls. What a sad day for /.

  • by enriquevagu ( 1026480 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @08:13AM (#60781872)

    Title: Chinese Submarine Reaches the Deepest Place On Earth
    Text: The depth world record is still held by Victor Vescovo
    Me: ???

    • Slashdot has fallen for the China Propaganda machine. It's like boasting that you reached the top of a mountain, but do not mention that when you got there everyone else was there to greet you.
      • Chinese government (and even the Chinese trolls on this site) are notorious for BS and lying, however, the fact is, they were the 4th to do this. No matter what, that is impressive. The same technology needed for doing this, is useful for exploring Venus and possibly a couple of Jupiter moons.
      • Slashdot has fallen for the China Propaganda machine. It's like boasting that you reached the top of a mountain, but do not mention that when you got there everyone else was there to greet you.

        You obviously haven't read the article because it clearly points out the current record holder. So you fell for a headline and your own dumb assumptions?

      • This is entirely about engineering capability. We should celebrate that a country has deemed it useful to continue exploration for exploration sake. Much of the rest of the world has been gripped by neoliberalism which is all about extracting wealth from the many into the hands of the few wealthy.

        Or maybe we should just ignore this and only accept American Exceptionalism as the only reality.
    • What they mean is that the trench is the deepest place on Earth a submarine can reach. This trench in itself isn't flat but it has high and low points. So it is accurate to say "deepest place" and not a contradiction. Note that they didn't write "deepest point" but only "deepest place".

      But to tell you a secret, the deepest place on Earth is not an ocean trench, but it is in fact the Earth's core. So go ahead and say it ... IMPOSSIBRU!!!

    • You realise I can go to the most hipster nightclub in town and yet not stand as close to the bar as some other guy right? The Chinese went to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, that isn't a single point on this planet. It's a place.

  • by crunchygranola ( 1954152 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @09:57AM (#60782102)

    The depth world record is still held by Victor Vescovo, a private equity investor who dived to 35,873 feet (10,934 m) on June 26 in his vessel Limiting Factor, according to Guinness World Records

    For some time Guinness records have been for sale. Usually it is to create a category for the paid record stunt, err "attempt".

    The falseness of Veccovo's "record" is that there is only one "deepest place", and it is a smallish flat area at the bottom of the trench where every one who does a deepest dive goes to. Looking at the coordinates of various dives show this. You only get different depth records by having different levels of precision in measuring dive depth. Perhaps Vescovo has the most accurate depth, in which case everyone dived to this same depth. Or his depth measurement is less accurate and he is getting credit for measurement error.

    • The whole issue of arguing over a couple of feet/meters when you are at over 10 km, is just insane.
      As you point out, gauges can be off, but even different weather above the ocean, or even different temperatures in the ocean, can change the pressure. Hell, I have to wonder how the melting glaciers on Antarctica and Greenland has changed this from even 60 years ago.
  • ...and proceeds to try and pull the plug at the bottom of the ocean so China can claim the newly dry land as part of the Chinese Empire.

  • by Impy the Impiuos Imp ( 442658 ) on Tuesday December 01, 2020 @10:51AM (#60782250) Journal

    So are they bottoming out and just searching for a little nook here or there for 10 more meters? Or is there a whole lotta mo' to go? Why is everyone stuck near the same level?

  • arguing over a couple of feet/meters when somebody has actually made it into the bottom of the trench just seems stupid.
    ALL of these should be regarded as equal.
  • So not the deepest depth after all.

    So why the misleading title?

  • Thanks, I'll be here all night.

  • All the way to the bottom. Once.

  • How have we not surpassed the record from 1960? I assume the pressure at those depths is a big limiting factor, right? We haven't advanced with materials and engineering enough since the 60s to break that record? That surprises me, given the many technological advancements since then. We've built space stations that people can live in for extended periods, for example.

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