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Medicine

Some Scientists 'Uneasy' About the Race For a Covid-19 Vaccine (theguardian.com) 174

The Guardian ran an article by the author of Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World looking at problems with our own race for a vaccine in 2020: On 2 August, Steven Salzberg, a computational biologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, suggested in Forbes magazine that a promising vaccine be rolled out to a wider pool of volunteers before clinical trials had been completed, triggering an outcry (and some sympathy) that prompted him to recant the next day. Meanwhile, a research group with links to Harvard University continues to defend its publication in July of a recipe for a do-it-yourself Covid-19 vaccine — one that only the group's 20-odd members had previously tested...

The accumulation of such incidents has left many scientists feeling deeply uneasy. "I'm more and more concerned that things are getting done in a rush," says Beate Kampmann, who directs the Vaccine Centre at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (and whose work email account was subject to a failed hack in July). On 13 August, the editor-in-chief of the journal Science issued a call to order. "Short cuts in testing for vaccine safety and efficacy endanger millions of lives in the short term and will damage public confidence in vaccines and in science for a long time to come," wrote H Holden Thorp.

He went on to point out that the stakes are higher than with unproven therapies such as hydroxychloroquine, because a vaccine is given to healthy people. "Approval of a vaccine that is harmful or isn't effective could be leveraged by political forces that already propagate vaccine fears," he warned... Kampmann, meanwhile, feels it's important not to let the recent shenanigans in the vaccine community overshadow its huge achievements. If current forecasts are correct, a Covid-19 vaccine will be available in 2021 — smashing all records for vaccine development — and there will be many more reasons to trust it than not to. Still, those with their eye on that glittering prize should remember what is at stake. "We have to be careful," she says, "because what we do with Covid-19 could have repercussions for trust in all vaccine programs."

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Some Scientists 'Uneasy' About the Race For a Covid-19 Vaccine

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  • by ZorinLynx ( 31751 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @06:55PM (#60456730) Homepage

    1) The current vaccine candidates that are due to "smash records" are based on vaccines that were already in development for similar diseases, so if you adjust for that it's less of a smash and more of a smack,

    2) Never before in modern times has the ENTIRE WORLD put so many resources into finding a vaccine for a disease. Even HIV didn't get this much funding because of homophobia and the fact that it was a lot harder to transmit than COVID-19 is.

    3) We're in the year 2020; technology has advanced considerably since we last had to develop a vaccine for a new epidemic. It's only natural that we're better at it as a society.

    The fact that we're smashing records is not a huge surprise. We still have to be cautious, but let's not hold things back just because we did things faster than expected.

    • by igelineau ( 4296473 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @07:15PM (#60456786)

      If I'm not mistaken about their progress, the Moderna vaccine is of a new kind, never administered to any population before (RNA vaccine). Although it was in development before, it's considered as being built on a new platform, so trust is to be adjusted in consequence.

      I read that other promising vaccines were in fact based on a well-tested platform, however, so they are probably less scary.

      What's sure is some of the recent vaccines had not always been safe. Even if they passed all trials and with sufficient time, they still caused side effects, and in some cases, made the infection with the wild virus worst, which is really bad since it's administered to healthy individuals.

      For those reasons, I personally will meet the first released vaccines with suspicion, especially since experts themselves are worried.

      • RNA vaccines, which have been around for decades, have been given to people before many times. There just isn't one FDA approved yet though.

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          by igelineau ( 4296473 )

          RNA vaccines, which have been around for decades, have been given to people before many times. There just isn't one FDA approved yet though.

          According to the wikipedia page for "RNA vaccine", and other sources, it's not true: "Currently, there are no RNA vaccines approved for human use". Maybe you're referring to the current clinical trials for COVID-19 ?

          • Please read what I wrote, slowly. I said RNA vaccines have been given to humans before, many times. I did NOT say they were approved by the FDA, in fact I specifically stated they were not.

            Here is an example of a past Influenza mRNA clinical trial of an RNA vaccine given to humans (there are MANY, btw):

            VAL-506440

            https://precisionvaccinations.... [precisionv...ations.com]

        • Can you name any?

          • Sure I can name a plenty. Here's one, VAL-506440. Google it. I can name more if you like.

            • That is a "vaccine candidate". It's hardly been "around for decades", since it's apparently only passed "Stage 1" human testing. I've found it difficult to find any that have worked on or been fully tested for use on humans. So I'll be more specific. Are you aware of any mRNA based vaccienes that have passed human testing, especially that have been in use for decades.

              Many technologies have been "around for decades", but never worked well. Cold fusion, the rotary engine, and artificial eyes come to mind as

              • I was specific in saying "There haven't been any FDA approved ones" .. I never made the claim that it was approved yet. It costs $3 billion to get anything approved by the FDA .. with only a 10% approval rate .. that's not a gamble investors have been willing to take -- why do you think drug innovation has stalled? Investors are squeamish in trying ideas that deviate from the norm -- even if it's solid in science. https://www.policymed.com/2014... [policymed.com]

                RNA vaccines have been tried in humans over the years for a v

      • Mod parent up please. He is spot on.
      • The so called well tested methods aren't that great. Personally I would trust the RNA vaccine more -- it's simpler and can elicit a more robust immune reaction. You can make your own RNA vaccine quite easily too.

        • by Kaenneth ( 82978 )

          Breaking Bad 2, Jesse Pinkman trying to make up for the harm he's caused starts a bootleg vaccine lab.

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by WindBourne ( 631190 )

      Never before in modern times has the ENTIRE WORLD put so many resources into finding a vaccine for a disease

      You obviously have not a FUCKING clue of what you are talking about. Back in 1981, when CDC approached reagan for $50M to stop HIV, he was against that and PROHIBITED CDC from spending any $ on it (and that was when we were CERTAIN that less than 1000 ppl had it; turned out to be around 200). Later on, when the panic set in as HIV went into the hetro population(ryan white anybody? Sharon Glesser, etc.) and battle between nations to be the first to ID it (it was STILL NOT KNOWN that it was a retro virus, th

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      Those are certainly important factors for *developing* vaccines. Testing them gets sped up quite a bit by having lots of people getting infected, and a little bit, but not much, by having lots of money.

      Testing hasn't really changed that much. You find some volunteers, shoot them up, then wait to see if they get sick, either with the disease you're trying to prevent, or something else.

      Pretty much everyone agrees that that Russians and Chinese (giving an untested vaccine to their armed forces) acted rashly. W

      • The Russians and the Chinese certainly weighed off the cost and benefit differently but I am not sure yet they went too far. The cost of delay is huge.
        They are both releasing their vaccines for limited use while they keep testing. This is a valid approach but there is also a lot of stretch on it. Too much stretch on the "incremental release strategy" can become abuse.

        • Really most of the criticism on the Russian/Chinese(vaccine)/Trump(plasma) announcements is a kneejerk reaction to the PR points they hope to score with it. There is a strong reflex that this should not be allowed. But that does not mean the strategies by themselves are wrong.

      • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        The right answer is do a risk reward calculation. The more people you test it on and the longer you observe them without seening any negative side effects or instances of disease it should have prevented the lower the risk is to everyone else.

        We know some things about COVID-19. We know for certain that elderly populations are most at risk. We know certain co-moribidities up risk a lot. We know certain professions are likely to result in increase contact with covid-19-positive people...

        There are clearly pop

    • Vaccines "in development for decades" don't necessarily work now simply because we want them to and because we "assign our top minds ot the project". It's disingenuous The fact that people are taking potentially disastrous risks, not only for themselves but for millions of other people in order to be the first or in pursuit of a Nobel prize, should not surprise us. For example, a live vaccine that, itself, mutates in use to create another pandemic would be disastrous as re-opening schools too soon and crea

    • by Darinbob ( 1142669 ) on Monday August 31, 2020 @01:19AM (#60457508)

      However, the entire world is not working together. There's a lot of nationalism, everyone wants to be the first, lots of distrust and rivalries and conspiracy theories.

      Things take time. You need time to incubate and grow the virus in the lab. You need time to test on humans, you don't just give a shot and then check back on them the very next day. Some things just can't be sped up. At the same time, there are high level political pressure to go as faster than is prudent. Russia clearly has either a hoax or something that is not well tested. Trump seems to want to cut a lot of corners and he's certainly proven that he will make big announcements prematurely.

      • by fintux ( 798480 )
        You can say pretty much the entire world is working together on the vaccine development. At least you can say that a huge portion of the scientific community working on a COVID-19 vaccine is doing at least some sort of co-operation. However, there IS a lot of vaccine nationalism in what comes to purchasing a vaccine. USA and EU are two of the "worst offenders" probably. However, those also should have a lot of money and capacity of producing more doses of the vaccines, and I think it would be the minimum wh
    • Creating a vaccine candidate does not take long. Testing it does. The short time for testing means that any longer term effects have to be guessed at from similar types of vaccines.How long will it work, will there be health effects? Scale that up to billions of healthy people and then find out the time of protection is limited so you have to start over, and you're taking quite a gamble. You generally can't speed up time to throw more resources at it.

      The argument of taking a gamble affecting the reputation

    • Some people don't want the vaccines ready before 3 November.
    • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

      3) We're in the year 2020; technology has advanced considerably since we last had to develop a vaccine for a new epidemic. It's only natural that we're better at it as a society.

      Oh yeah, do tell me about this remarkable time dilation technology we have that lets us magically see what long term effects vaccines and drugs have?

      Some things simply can't be speed up; at least not until you have complete model of the entire system that you are utterly confident in and can run. Which of course when it comes to human auto-immune responses we have not got because if we had, a whole range of other disease would have either cures or have much more effective therapies for.

  • First DIY vaccine design was posted on slashdot. https://slashdot.org/comments.... [slashdot.org]

  • Not surprising (Score:5, Interesting)

    by quonset ( 4839537 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @07:05PM (#60456756)

    could be leveraged by political forces that already propagate vaccine fears,

    The con artist is a known anti-vaxxer [independent.co.uk] so this would play into his hands. He gets the best of both worlds if a vaccine rolls out and it fails or harms people. He gets to lay blame elsewhere [washingtonexaminer.com] even though he's the one who has bragged about rapidly getting a vaccine, and his penchant for spreading lies and conspiracy theories will move forward.

    • What if operation "Warp Speed" is just a way to legitimize anti-vaxxer views.
      Can you imagine what one or two vaccines put into mass circulation (with CDC blessings) that are not safe and effective would do?

  • by AndyKron ( 937105 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @07:09PM (#60456764)
    The pot of gold is so big that problems are bound to occur
  • by drnb ( 2434720 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @07:22PM (#60456804)
    Well maybe next time don't turn a crisis rooted in science into a political wedge issue.
    • by Gravis Zero ( 934156 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @08:07PM (#60456932)

      The politicians that made it a political wedge issue aren't the ones who feel uneasy. Scientists are the ones always getting the short end of the stick.

      • by drnb ( 2434720 )

        The politicians that made it a political wedge issue aren't the ones who feel uneasy. Scientists are the ones always getting the short end of the stick.

        Scientists sometimes turn to politicians thinking their issue will now get attention, and the unanticipated consequences bites them in the ass. They're scientists, they don't understand how politics will corrupt *anything* it touches.

        • That still doesn't make it their fault, and since they don't understand what they're doing, they're doubly blameless.

          The people to find fault with are the politicians who abuse the situation, and The People when they elect asses like that.

          • by drnb ( 2434720 )
            Yes scientists are largely ignorant regarding matters outside their specialty. Notoriously ignorant with regard to politics. Hence this post warning them to stay the f*ck away from politicians if they don't want their science f*cked up.

            And such ignorance is their fault. Its their arrogance that led them to think only their science matters and is the only thing they needed to study. If you want to interact with politicians you better damn well have done your homework for the political realm.

            Scientists
  • If I recall correctly, a world war just ended at that time. That surely changed the world!
  • by GuB-42 ( 2483988 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @08:28PM (#60456980)

    It is politics, not science, or maybe social science.

    Scientists shouldn't have to worry about the how people interpret their research and the trustworthiness of their field to the public. They should only have to worry about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine they are developing, public opinion be damned.

    In order for people to get the right idea, we need competent politicians. To stop people from doing stupid things with "homemade vaccines", but when a sufficiently safe vaccine for the situation is out, get people to be eager to take it. If it turns out badly, they should use their skills for people to regain confidence without putting the blame on researchers. It may imply a bit of lying and manipulation, but for politicians, it is part of the job, they can do it so that scientists don't have to. They already did it with masks, saying they are useless in order to prevent a rush, and once the supply is more or less secure, go the other way.

    It is unfortunate that politicians tend to think about themselves first but sometimes, they deserve respect by dirtying themselves for the good of their population.

    Note : it is about politics in general, not just about the US, and it is certainly not about Trump specifically, we already talk too much about him.

  • I'm just glad that this situation is sufficiently widespread that not only will we likely have many vaccines to choose from, but most of us won't even need to contemplate taking any of them before millions of other people already have.

  • People are going to complain about this no matter what we do which is why the right-to-try act is a good thing.

  • So what can go wrong with a vaccine? Actual examples. And I am not interested in "it may not work so well, causing people to be risky and get it", nor further downstream that stuff like that "causes even more distrust of vaccines."

    I'm curious but no articles ever mention anything like "it kills 20% who had the vaccine five years later".

    • by fintux ( 798480 )

      First of all I want to say this. The vaccine development process today is such that even before first human tests, a lot of carefully animal testing is done. Then the testing is carfeully scaled up. Before the first approval for wider usage, the vaccines have been tested on thousands and thousands of pepole. Even then, the usage is carefully monitored. There is nothing that is being skipped on with COVID-19 vaccines, although some companies are combining for example phase I and phase II trials. On the other

    • by amorsen ( 7485 )

      A Dengue fever vaccine was used and then recalled because it turned Dengue fever more deadly.

      (This is likely to be an issue that is specific to the way Dengue fever works, so this specific problem is very unlikely to happen with any Corona vaccine.)

  • And you get dubious levels of effectiveness, and this after 100 years.

    I reckon itâ(TM)s going to come down to a standard set of medical procedures most likely to save your life if you get a bad dose of Covid.

    Covid vaccines, well, probably going to be less effective than a couple of aspirin.

    • by StikyPad ( 445176 ) on Monday August 31, 2020 @04:57AM (#60457816) Homepage

      The flu vaccine is highly effective, although the immune response only last for ~1 year.

      The process of predicting which strain(s) of influenza to vaccinate against in a given year, however, is much less effective, especially since new strains appear with some regularity.

      • by fintux ( 798480 )
        There are also much more strains of the flu, since it has been circulating in the population for such a long time. Also, the flu mutates at a much quicker speed than COVID-19, making it more challenging to be targeted by the vaccines. It can "escape" the immunity more quickly.
  • by jenningsthecat ( 1525947 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @11:03PM (#60457348)

    Covid-19 mutates rapidly, and we already have several well-documented cases of people who have recovered from Covid being infected again, with a different strain of the virus, within months of recovering. Can vaccine developers play whack-a-mole fast enough to keep up with these mutations, at a speed that significantly reduces the spread?

    I'd like to hear more about the work being done to develop anti-viral drugs - it seems to me that these would provide a much broader spectrum of protection. The development of a Covid vaccine is a terrific and important accomplishment - I'm just afraid it's not going to be the silver bullet that many people are counting on. I also fear that it will give some of those immunized an unjustified feeling of safety, leading them to be careless and engage in risky behaviours.

    • AFAIA, the "payload" that mutates is not what's being targeted by most of the vaccines, but rather the "spike protein," which is what allows it to infect cells in the first place. Neutralize that spike, and it doesn't particularly matter what the payload is, or so the theory goes.

      • by fintux ( 798480 )
        That's correct. However, significant changes in the spike protein would spell trouble for the vaccines. I hope that doesn't happen, but of course, the more the virus gets to spread, the higher a chance for that is. So far, the spike protein has been very stable, fortunately. Apparently even small mutations there make the virus easily unable to infect people.
  • by Ungrounded Lightning ( 62228 ) on Sunday August 30, 2020 @11:15PM (#60457368) Journal

    Want to know why there's a rush on? If worldomerters' [worldometers.info] numbers are anywhere near accurate, over the last few weeks:

      - Total number of COVID-19 cases has reached 25 million. That's about one in three hunderd, so we have a LONG way to go before it would burn out by infecting something like 80% of the population.
      - New infection rate has gone about level at about 250,000 per day. That's somewhat less than population growth, so it could keep THAT up FOREVER.
      - The death rate has also gone about level at roughly 5,000 per day.

    So that means, for every week of delay in deploying an effective vaccine, you have an extra THIRTY FIVE THOUSAND PEOPLE DEAD. (It gets 'way worse if the new infection rate starts to climb again, even a little.)

    That means you can accept some risk of even substantial hazard from an immunization and still come out far ahead.

    The pandemic is ALREADY IN PROGRESS. The drill is not to spend an extra year or two testing to be sure it's safe - and kill an extra couple million people every year you delay. It's to start deploying when you have some good candidate immunizations that look effective and reasonably safe, and collect more data as they are rolled out.

    And if possible you deploy SEVERAL of them that take somewhat different approaches, immunizing different people with different candidates, and suspend use of any that turn out to be harmful. (That covers you for things like the slight chance of rolling out an immunization that turns out to sterilize the recipients or kill them five years later. That way you don't give it to the whole world and THEN find out we're all doomed, doomed I say.)

    That's how it worked for smallpox.
    That's how it worked for rabies.
    That's how it worked for polio.

    That last one is personal: I was in elementary school when first the Salk (killed virus), then the Sabin (attenuated virus) vaccines rolled out.
      - Some early batches of Salk actually gave you polio. (That's when they discovered that the virus could form crystals if the pH was just wrong, and the virii in the middle of the crystal didn't get killed.)
      - Occasional batches of Sabin (both then and to this day) would give you polio. (An early one may have been contaminated with the UNattenuated virus, and the attenuated virus occasionally back-mutates into a deadly form).
    Nevertheless I got them BOTH in the early rollout. And I'm glad of it to this very day.

    (I also insisted on getting one last smallpox booster, after its general use in the US was discontinued except for people going abroad. The risk from the vaccine was considered a bad bet because smallpox was no longer circulating in the US. But it wasn't wiped out in the wild yet, and it turned out both the US and USSR biowar labs had samples. So I preferred the risk of one more booster to the risk of having lost immunity if it ever started circulating again.)

    I "come from a medical family". So my perception of medical risk management is somewhat different from that of the general public. But IMHO mine is a good one to use when betting my own life or the lives of all of humanity.

    • "So that means, for every week of delay in deploying an effective vaccine, you have an extra THIRTY FIVE THOUSAND PEOPLE DEAD. (It gets 'way worse if the new infection rate starts to climb again, even a little.)"

      If the "effective vaccine" results in a few million cases of ADE we'll remember those 35000 fondly.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

      • "So that means, for every week of delay in deploying an effective vaccine, you have an extra THIRTY FIVE THOUSAND PEOPLE DEAD. (It gets 'way worse if the new infection rate starts to climb again, even a little.)"

        If the "effective vaccine" results in a few million cases of ADE we'll remember those 35000 fondly.

        I agree. (Just as we remember the Thalidomide flipper babies but not the cured cancers and arrested cases of severe psoriasis {most of which didn't happen because it was off the market}. Thalidomide

  • ... is that without a vaccine, we are looking at the pandemic climate lasting another 2 to 5 years.

    An early vaccine is the best hope that we have at an getting our lives back to a semblance of normality before many people who have been hardest hit economically by this run out of the ability to weather these circumstances.

    • "Getting back to normal" needs to be put into perspective. One thing I like to say is that history has no undo function. It appears that my workplace is expecting people to work from home if they can, at least for the rest of the year. And when I raised the topic with my boss, he thought continued home working after that would be entirely feasible for many employees. The world is changing. People have to adapt. I think we might end up better off.

      Always look on the bright side of life.

      • by mark-t ( 151149 )

        It appears that my workplace is expecting people to work from home if they can

        That's fine for industries that can still operate at normal business levels during this climate. Not all can.

        Employment insurance will eventually run before the middle of next year for so many people who are using it as life support while desperately trying to find another job. If the economy doesn't start to open back up before then these people will no longer just be barely treading water, they will drown.

        I mean, it's l

  • by k6mfw ( 1182893 ) on Monday August 31, 2020 @02:28AM (#60457612)

    I simply cannot trust a reliable vaccine will be available in less than two years. I think politicians and drug companies will push this "early release" for their own purposes rather than public safety. I trust Dr. Fauci on what he has to say (freely without undue external pressure). Afterall our leadership hasn't produced much of any trustworthy policies. Some have in certain regions but there is no national strategy.

    There is this PBS article about 1946 ‘polio summer’ featured quarantines, canceled events, and remote learning. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/... [pbs.org]

    I learn that a polio outbreak often looked a bit like COVID-19 has so far. Some 95% of patients were asymptomatic; only around 4% experienced minor illness. And it was a fraction of those that were left paralyzed—the majority children.

    Damn, and these days there's a lot of people who think this latest event is overblown, i.e. "I feel fine and I don't know anybody that has CV."

    • by StikyPad ( 445176 ) on Monday August 31, 2020 @05:13AM (#60457846) Homepage

      Right -- we've quarantined societies and/or children numerous times in the past millennia, and we know it's effective. While I concede that it was likely a clear benefit to children in the past (who have typically been more susceptible to the debilitating effects of various diseases and wars, not less), there is also some benefit in not having a bunch of orphans and/or grandparent-less children because they brought COVID home from school one day.

      Remote learning and/or catching up on education later is an obstacle, but likely a lesser obstacle than losing caretakers, not to mention educators, many of whom are understandably quitting out of self-preservation. Perhaps the discussion should be around how best to support those who cannot work because they are helping society by quarantining themselves and their children. Individualism can be a virtue, but not when it weakens the fabric of society.

    • Why not join a vaccine test campaign? https://www.thenational.ae/uae... [thenational.ae]

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