Covid-19 Immunity From Antibodies May Last Only Months, New Study Suggests (cnn.com) 218
CNN shares some bad news. "After people are infected with the novel coronavirus, their natural immunity to the virus could decline within months, a new pre-print paper suggests." The paper was co-authored by 37 researchers from seven different institutions:
The paper, released on the medical server medrxiv.org on Saturday and not yet published in a peer-reviewed medical journal, suggests that antibody responses may start to decline 20 to 30 days after Covid-19 symptoms emerge. Antibodies are the proteins the body makes to fight infection...
Since early on in the pandemic, the World Health Organization has warned that people who have had Covid-19 are not necessarily immune from getting the virus again. Yet the new study had some limitations, including that more research is needed to determine whether similar results would emerge among a larger group of patients and what data could show over longer periods of time when it comes to infection with the coronavirus...
"The report is the latest in a growing chain of evidence that immunity to COVID-19 is short-lived," reports the San Francisco Chronicle: A Chinese study published June 18 in the journal Nature Medicine also showed coronavirus antibodies taking a nosedive. The study of 74 patients, conducted by Chongqing Medical University, a branch of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, showed that more than 90% exhibited sharp declines in the number of antibodies within two to three months after infection... Studies of four seasonal coronaviruses that cause colds show that although people develop antibodies, the immune response declines over time and people become susceptible again. Scientists suspect that the severity of cold symptoms is reduced by previous infections.
The Chronicle reports this new information suggests two implications:
Since early on in the pandemic, the World Health Organization has warned that people who have had Covid-19 are not necessarily immune from getting the virus again. Yet the new study had some limitations, including that more research is needed to determine whether similar results would emerge among a larger group of patients and what data could show over longer periods of time when it comes to infection with the coronavirus...
"The report is the latest in a growing chain of evidence that immunity to COVID-19 is short-lived," reports the San Francisco Chronicle: A Chinese study published June 18 in the journal Nature Medicine also showed coronavirus antibodies taking a nosedive. The study of 74 patients, conducted by Chongqing Medical University, a branch of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, showed that more than 90% exhibited sharp declines in the number of antibodies within two to three months after infection... Studies of four seasonal coronaviruses that cause colds show that although people develop antibodies, the immune response declines over time and people become susceptible again. Scientists suspect that the severity of cold symptoms is reduced by previous infections.
The Chronicle reports this new information suggests two implications:
- "Waning antibodies affect vaccine development," said Shannon Bennett, the chief of science at San Francisco's California Academy of Sciences. "Where natural immunity doesn't really develop or last, then vaccine programs are not likely to be easily successful or achievable..."
- The Chronicle adds, "Whatever happens, epidemiologists hope the recent reports about antibody viability put to rest the concept embraced by many young people of herd immunity, where the disease can't find any more victims because so many people have survived infections and must be immune. 'This attitude that if I go out there and just get exposed — get it over with — then I'll be immune is a dangerous presumption,' Bennett said. Now more than ever."
Maybe 'Months' Is All It Takes (Score:2)
Given a large enough programme of immunization, herd immunity could be achieved for a long enough interval (weeks) to clear the infection entirely from the population. Then a strict policy of quarantine for travelers or suspected new cases would prevent new spreads.
Depends on the local mores of course, it's the sort of thing that works great in Japan, not so much in the U.S.
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The initial data from the Astrazeneca vaccine shows that the level of antibodies is 1.8-2.7 times higher than that from the infection. It also triggers T-cell mediated immunity. So looks, fortunately, that this would be one of those vaccines that provides better immunity than an infection. (There are others like pneumococcus, tetanus, Hib, HPV). In addition, the virus might do some tricks to the body that makes the immunity wane faster, for example, it could kill some cells that are crucial for maintaining
Too many anti-vaxxers & anti-maskers (Score:2)
Re: Too many anti-vaxxers & anti-maskers (Score:2, Informative)
You live in a bizarre world. In your world the US seems to be the only place people are infected. No where else has it. No where else has deaths every day. No where else has increasing numbers of cases.
For good or bad, you're simply wrong. It's called a "pandemic" for a reason. Please go look up the definition of that word.
And no, the virus so doesn't care about your socialist utopia. Socialists are just as likely to get infected and die as anyone else.
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He's more right than you.
Europe is that shrinking yellow part of the bar graph. [europa.eu]
Canada [ourworldindata.org] has rates comparable to what it had in March, not the all-time peaks seen in the US (add the US to the graph, why don't you).
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Europe is that shrinking yellow part of the bar graph. [europa.eu]
Nice link.
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There were no spikes in COVID-19 [nationalpost.com] after the BLM protests. Possibly because they were outdoors, unlike the demonstrably more dangerous indoor Trump rally. [globalnews.ca]
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So while protests may have been a part, they are not the complete story, and their reason for breaking social
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False [economist.com].
But keep on trying to recast Trump rallyers as BLM members [usatoday.com]!
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You live in a bizarre world. In your world the US seems to be the only place people are infected. No where else has it. No where else has deaths every day. No where else has increasing numbers of cases.
For good or bad, you're simply wrong. It's called a "pandemic" for a reason. Please go look up the definition of that word.
And no, the virus so doesn't care about your socialist utopia. Socialists are just as likely to get infected and die as anyone else.
So you think closing borders is a pointless exercise in infection control?
Re: Too many anti-vaxxers & anti-maskers (Score:2)
How often do you straw man?
Does it make you feel smart?
Does it make you feel smart to get called out on it?
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The US has 8 times our deaths per capita. Please stay the fuck on your own side of the border as you have no apparent leadership whatsoever and are much like watching a plane crash.
Many thanks.
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That's true, here in socialist land, with the reopening, we're up to a couple of a dozen new cases a day and a death a week with our 5.1 million people. Our problem is Americans, they claim to need to go home to Alaska and then take a fucking holiday, including going into small towns and shopping or for the boaters, small marinas. They also fly in, I think there were 2 flights last week with a sick American spreading the virus.
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so no, 60-90 days won't be enough. It's going to be interesting to see what happens when the rest of the world is forced to cut us off. No more trips to Europe save for the wealthy and well connected. India will still send the H1-Bs, but they won't let them come back. Canada & Mexico will Build That Wall Trump's been wanting though, so I guess there's that. Again, won't stop people immigrating to the US but it'll stop us going there.
Exactly nobody I have talked to wants our border with the US to open to regular travel anytime soon. They have 8 times our deaths per capita and rising. Keeping the border closed is actually top of mind for many here as we adjust to our new normal.
Nobody clamoring for a southern wall yet, but if it gets to that I'm sure we'll be fine paying for it ourselves.
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Actually, here in BC, we'd really like to build a southern wall or at least a barricade as the border is wide open around Peace Arch park along 0 ave. Seems that the treaty of Ghent prevents us from building a wall.
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Seems that the treaty of Ghent prevents us from building a wall.
I'm surprised Trump has not threatened to pull out and renegotiate the Treaty of Ghent yet.
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Unluckily there's a treaty stopping us from building a wall, or even a barricade. Treaty of Ghent that was signed in 1814.
The biggest virus threat here in BC is fucking Americans lying and coming into the country.
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Read the articles carefully before panicking (Score:5, Insightful)
I heard this too and despaired. "Oh no, we won't have a vaccine!" Then my biologist daughter pointed out, no kidding, you don't keep antibodies in your blood for long. Creating proteins is biologically expensive, antibodies are proteins, so your body stops creating new ones. This is apparently pretty common behavior.
So read the article(s) further where they talk about B- an T-cells. Things might be bleak or this might be confirming something we already knew about most viral infections. Frustratingly, six months into this thing, we still don't know what seems like some pretty important facts, whether we develop immunity to reinfection, how strong is that immunity, and how long it lasts. Without knowing this, it's really hard to come up with a sensible action plan.
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What does this mean, exactly? It seems like you're jamming a lot of unrelated words together.
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Methinks the police state is truly and well established with the right.
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-Long term, we will have to evolve to have a more bat-like immune system.
Well, shoot, I was hoping to evolve into an actual bat. That'd be super fun.
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You seem convinced that this is a major disaster in the making for humanity.
For what it's worth, if the USA is any guideline (note that for all that the Europeans like to point and laugh, the US's death rate from covid-19 is lower than most European countries' death rates), then covid-19 is going to lower average life expectancy from 80+ to 80-slightly-lower-plus. As of now, if we assume worst case (all deaths were infants), covid-19
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Most? There are over 40 countries in Europe. The USA is number 9 worldwide, soon to be number 8. Do the math.
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Yet another example of how advertising is a net negative for the internet.
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These headlines are nonsense written by people who care about nothing other than clicks.
Yet another example of how advertising is a net negative for the internet.
Well, I think you could say that about most commercial news publications in the last 200 years. They were writing skimpy, alarming, and/or misleading science stories for decades before the Interwebs came around.
If I'm feeling charitable, I'd just say it's hard for someone outside the field and who doesn't have a science background to write accurate and catchy science stories.
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To demonstrate that quality has decreased, I'll describe a technique that has become common in the last couple years. Authors write stories, then use a headline that is for a completely different story. For example, you might see a headline, "You won't believe what Trump j
Re:Read the articles carefully before panicking (Score:4, Interesting)
exactly and i've saying this for 4 months myself. whether or not we always carry antibodies is not the only aspect of immunity. it reflects a "full" immunity, but not the aspect where we don't carry antibodies but our immune cells are able to regenerate them very quickly because they know what they're dealing with.
This is why some colds (a few of which are coronavirus-based) don't last as long some years we get them - we've faced it before, it just took our bodies a day or two to ramp up, as opposed to 10 days during which the thing is spreading out of control. Flu is like this, which is why they always say "you might get a 'mild case'" - that mild case might be because of a mutation, or just because you aren't carrying antibodies in your system anymore.
a mild case of covid that only lasts a couple of days would be a HUGE improvement over the current situation, and if that's what the vaccine gets us, outside of getting 6-month boosters 'til the end of time, that's still huge progress.
Re: Read the articles carefully before panicking (Score:2)
Dude antibodies have nothing to do with anything. There are many vaccines that last a lifetime or at least decades. Smallpox, measles, mumps vaccines for example. Thats because those vaccines cause long lasting memory t-cells to exist. There are other solutions for vaccines too. We can make vaccines for this. It may take some time and testing but it's solvable. There are a bunch of different approaches all of which can work and would provide long term immunity.
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Dude antibodies have nothing to do with anything.
I'll assume you don't literally mean that. Antibodies are evidence an organism is or recently fought off an infection. They're part of the mechanism used to do the fighting. So the definitely have something to do with COVID infections. I'm sure you actually understand that.
My point is, my mental model, and I'm sure this is held by many other people who don't work with immune systems all day, was antibodies just sorta accumulate in your blood. I hadn't thought about whether they need to be replaced (in retro
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During an immune response, B and T cells create memory cells. These are clones of the specific B and T cells that remain in the body, holding information about each threat the body has been exposed to! This gives our immune system memory.
FD: I'm not a practicing conspiracy theorist. But. If the incredibly well-adapted Covid-19 virus, born of a open air meat market near the Wuhan institute of Virology that conducted extensive research on deadly bat viruses, turns out to somehow bypass human immune systems that evolved to combat viral infections for thousands of generations, I may reapply for my tinfoil membership card.
Proof is in the pudding. (Score:4, Informative)
Re:Proof is in the pudding. (Score:4, Interesting)
I'm not aware of a single confirmed case of re-infection.
Japan has one confirmed case [sky.com], while South Korea had eleven [koreatimes.co.kr]. China also reported reinfections back in February, but I don't know that anything came of them.
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Re:Proof is in the pudding. (Score:5, Informative)
"in an UNMITIGATED epidemic, we would predict approximately 510,000 deaths in GBand 2.2 million in the US"
Things like the shutdown, self isolating, social distancing, and mask wearing are all mitigating factors that drastically reduced the severity of the pandemic. If anything, it looks like they underestimated since we've still had so many deaths and other negative outcomes despite hundreds of millions of people making major lifestyle changes to try to slow the spread.
I agree that gathering for the protests was extremely hypocritical and, though most protesters wore masks, many didn't and contributed to the spread of the virus. That said, you should look into how many choirs had many of their members catch the virus. Singing projects tiny water droplets containing the virus much farther than talking does (though shouting at the protests would be similar - and I saw many clips of that happening in close proximity to others). Blocking those droplets is why wearing masks does so much to protect people from getting sick.
I hope you can understand how many factors of the pandemic you are not considering when you make claims that downplay its significance. The pandemic can be defeated, but people have to be on the same page and understand how to fight it if they want to make much progress. Life could get closer to normal more quickly with less damage to the economy if people wore masks in public areas, particularly indoor areas.
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Back in February the tests we had were so disturbingly full of false positives and negatives they were practically worse than guessing. I don't really have much faith in reports of re-infection from back then.
Re:Proof is in the pudding. (Score:4, Insightful)
If that's the case, we might expect some of the early infectees (there were over 2 million three months ago, ample time for them to get past it and antibodies to decline) to get it again. I'm not aware of a single confirmed case of re-infection.
There's a bunch of suspected cases of re-infection, the problem is that it's almost impossible to confirm a case of re-infection because it's very difficult to confirm that someone is completely cured.
T-Cells (Score:4, Informative)
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The first mistake is assuming a “news” channel is reporting anything remotely honest.
Sure, but that's not unusual (Score:2)
The body doesn't need the antibodies once the virus is gone, so why should it keep making them?
But the immune response still knows how to make them as needed, doesn't it?
So if you should be exposed again later, wouldn't your body build up the necessary defenses more quickly than it did the first time?
What about T-cell immunity? (Score:4, Informative)
Why focus on Antibodies? For coronavirus strains, it appears that T-cell immunity is a key factor for persistent immunity.
See https://www.linkedin.com/posts... [linkedin.com]
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Because it's easy.
They don't know yet how important antibodies are (Score:2)
"However, the role T-cell responses generated through either infection or vaccination play in controlling disease cannot be discounted in these studies and defining further the correlates and longevity of vaccine protection is needed. "
For all the science knows cell mediated immunity is the most important part of immunity. Unfortunately tests for cell mediated immunity are much more ambiguous. Testing for antibodies is nice and easy ... and basing theories on evidence which is nice and easy to get is al
Maybe ... (Score:2)
OK. But tell me where do I (Score:2)
Table 1 on the CDC website (Score:2)
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Re: Not great, but not bad either (Score:2)
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Perhaps things are not as dire as they seem. For all you doomsayers, let me ask you this: do you seriously believe this is the first such virus in all of human history? No? Then where are the hundreds or thousands of antibodies-don't-work viruses that we would constantly be giving each other, all the time, since they never go away?
The seeming novelty of CV-19 is itself evidence that the human virus defense system is pretty good, and in fact no virus stays around for too long as a pandemic (without mutati
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Perhaps things are not as dire as they seem.
Indeed. So far there isn't a single confirmed case of anyone getting the disease twice.
We should wait for evidence that the problem exists before panicking.
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Re:Not great, but not bad either (Score:4, Insightful)
Perhaps things are not as dire as they seem. For all you doomsayers, let me ask you this: do you seriously believe this is the first such virus in all of human history? No? Then where are the hundreds or thousands of antibodies-don't-work viruses that we would constantly be giving each other, all the time, since they never go away?
Like... the common cold?
There are populations that existed who were never exposed to it, and it turned out deadly for them when they were.
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Perhaps things are not as dire as they seem. For all you doomsayers, let me ask you this: do you seriously believe this is the first such virus in all of human history? No? Then where are the hundreds or thousands of antibodies-don't-work viruses that we would constantly be giving each other, all the time, since they never go away?
The seeming novelty of CV-19 is itself evidence that the human virus defense system is pretty good, and in fact no virus stays around for too long as a pandemic (without mutating significantly) before the immune system gets on top of it. Otherwise, the evidence would be everywhere, all the time.
You get infected with many viruses every year. Most of them are unlikely to kill you. Some normal background viruses are even beneficial in ways you will likely never take the time to learn about.
The ones that can kill many (human hosts), and are easily spread, is what makes them special. Fortunately those don't come around that often.
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We talk about the common cold, but there's really tons of viruses that can cause it. You catch one of them and you're immune to it for a few months. After that, you can catch it again. Or you can catch a different cold virus at any time. This stuff literally happens constantly. It probably happens to you once a year or so. We just don't worry about the cold viruses all that much because they almost certainly won't kill you unless you've already got some other health problems.
COVID-19 is bad because it sprea
Re: Not great, but not bad either (Score:2)
and in fact no virus stays around for too long as a pandemic
That's not because of immunity or biological adaptation. That's mostly because of human ingenuity.
We have plenty of viruses that stick around: Measles, Mumps, Polio, Smallpox, HIV, Ebola, etc. If we stop funding/supporting the monitoring and vaccinaction regulations that constantly keep these in check, within 2-3 generations, all of those will be top killers around the world.
All these were bad historically, but rarely rose to the level of this because we weren't as interconnected nor as dense/big of a popu
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Dogs as well, and apparently also mink so I'd guess pet ferrets are also susceptible.
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Don't forget the cats, and I recently heard of a squirrel that tested positive..
Don't forget the fruit either, I recently heard a Papaya tested positive [youtube.com]
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Antibodies are created in response to the virus being present. As the study confirms, the more of the virus in your system, the more antibodies produced to fight it. It's normal for antibodies to decline after the virus declines.
The fact that happens has no bearing on whether or not you can get sick again. It'd be dumb for your immune system to always keep lots of antibodies around for viruses you aren't fighting anymore. Creating proteins continuously costs your body's resources.
If you're exposed to the vi
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The primary article for this story is a preprint that doesn't have a journal name yet, but it lists the author names and affiliations: https://www.medrxiv.org/conten... [medrxiv.org]
The main affiliation is King's College London.
And
far-left antifa liberal media "Nature Medicine"
You are trolling. With an impact factor 36.130 it's the highest-cited research journal in preclinical medicine.
Who modded you up to +2??
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If this is true, then antivaxers would be selected out of the population even faster.
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There's the troll we've been waiting for. This study is not 100% absolutely air tight so we should ignore it. Only that which is completely and utterly irrefutable should be trusted.
Fuck off, troll. Nothing is 100% except death. If people like you choose to ignore the science you can have fun suffering the fate.
Re: The problem with science (Score:2)
And taxes. No joke. I've yet to figure out how to avoid taxes without changes my citizenship to some tiny nothing country that sells citizenship papers for a few hundred $k.
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Just quit making enough money to pay taxes.
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Re: The problem with science (Score:2)
I'm semi-retired with a full time salary, a huge pile of stock, no debt, own my house and cars. I'm good, thanks. Feeling plenty smart.
Considering all that and also I have researched and talked to legal professionals about how to escape the US tax Hell by surrendering my citizenship I can't be doing too badly.
How you doing?
Re:The problem with science (Score:4, Insightful)
These "mays" and "coulds" are full of shit though.
Antibodies are not constantly produced forever, reduction of antibodies is expected and does not imply your immune system forgot how to fight the virus.
The doctors did a thing, it was very technical and nuanced. It in no way told us anything about how long people's immunity lasts after an infection. But the media reports, "immunity may last only a few months!" and neckbeards are credulous.
The headline is always a lie, always.
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The problem is that human physiology is complicated and there are many variables. Each person's immune system and body is different. We still don't have the computational ability to predict from someone's genetics how a given virus will behave in them. Though we have found out a lot, we still have very little ability to simulate how the immune system will work when challenged by a virus. That's not to say we know nothing, we actually know quite a lot .. but even with what we know we can't simulate how thing
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The reason it never (well rarely) wants to say anything definite is because it is striving towards accurate, reproducible conclusions regarding a complicated world with an astounding number of known (and possibly endless unknown) variables that could affect them.
You want something that gives you definite claims and doesn't go through the rigorous procedures necessary to confirm them? Go follow a religion instead.
So here's a solution (Score:2, Troll)
If you're a conservative then this is preferable. When I say "conservative" note that I'm saying "Someone who is deeply opposed to societal change".
At this point to address COVID-19 we need sweeping changes to how our society functions. As a conservative that's the line in the sand that you will not cross. To do that would require you giving up on your ideals en
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Are you ready to be one of the millions to die?
Many are willing to let someone else be, and to let someone else's friends or aged grandparents be.
As bad as this all is, I'd say that most people still haven't had a friend or relative that has died. This may change with time.
Plus the antibody thing still isn't clear. There is other evidence that T-cells (and B-cells) haven't forgotten, and other evidence that perhaps exposure to other Corona virus infections carries some assistance against this one.
The stor
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Well aren't you just a big ole fabricator of illusions. Covid 19 is an endemic infection, it is part of the human population. You would have to live an bunker with an isolated environment to avoid getting it. So if it will kill you, it will kill you, just a matter of when and the vaccine, how many mutations already and as it turns out the TB inoculation works well against it, a family of viruses thing and close enough to trigger an early immune response.
Everyone missed the most deceitful and cunning thing
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I'm in my 60s, my chances of dying are greater. Plus they're finding some number of "recovered" aren't recovering that well, and that includes the "young invulnerables."
One should be quite careful not to trivialize this disease.
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Fuck you're thick.
It's not even very common. [statista.com] 5k a year for choking vs 140k in a few months from covid.
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And you think these numbers are comparable? Because I call that claim a direct lie. The statistical models behind these two things are completely different. One is pretty much a steady state, while the other can explode any time. Even trying this comparison is fundamentally dishonest and shows your bad faith.
Re: Just to be clear (Score:2)
There are many people who want to, they are clueless what they are getting into though. These are the idiots who think âoenatureâ/âoenaturalâ is great and nobody had any chronic illnesses or disease 2000 years ago and we were all nice to each other. Truth is nature (all the other species, and some humans) is looking out for itself and wonâ(TM)t care if we go extinct or not .. 99% of species that have existed have gone extinct .. and no the tyrannosaurus didnâ(TM)t evolve into c
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There are many people who want to, they are clueless what they are getting into though. These are the idiots who think âoenatureâ/âoenaturalâ is great and nobody had any chronic illnesses or disease 2000 years ago and we were all nice to each other.
Agreed. If you really want to "get back to nature", head to Haiti after and earthquake or Indonesia after a tsunami. You will see nature up close and personal all day every day. Nature is not all pretty birds and flowers. Life in nature is often "nasty, brutish and short".
Re: Just to be clear (Score:2)
There's always some ignorant crazy dumb ass who wants some ridiculous thing. Going back 2000 years is even crazier than the guy with the sign down town talking about aliens and time travel and other dimensions.
If I had a time machine, I'd go forward, not back. Fuck this place and double fuck the past.
Ugh, horrible type. Strike "not" (Score:2)
This:
We know that the rate of unwed parents is not a better predictor of crime than the poverty rate (D.A. Smith and G.R. Jarjoural).
Should be:
We know that the rate of unwed parents IS a better predictor of crime than the poverty rate (D.A. Smith and G.R. Jarjoural).
Friggin autocorrect or something snuck in the word "not", which totally inverts the sentence.
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Actually the biggest predictor of ending up in prison is being in the foster care system, at least here in Canada where perhaps single parents have more support.
Perhaps the problem is people trying to sabotage single parents to make a point. These are the same people who like to lock people up for what they do in privacy, often causing the single parent.
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That's also a big one here in US.
I think there are more people with criminal records than foster care, though. It may very well be that both of those are true:
If you were in foster care, it's much more likely you'll commit crimes
If you're in prison, it's very likely you had a single-parent home
"Biggest factor" may well depend on which direction you staet from - do you start with people who are in prison and see what they have in common, or do you start with people who have X, then see if they go to prison.
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Btw the warning back then, during the primary campaign, was essentially:
When some on the left (and his Republican rivals) get so riled up at mention of the name "Trump" that they loose their ability to think logically and communicate logically, Trump wins the political debate. By winning the debate, he may win the presidency.
As we found out in 2016, that analysis is exactly correct.
Trump was polling at the bottom. He was the ONLY contender in the Republican primaries who polled lower than Hillary Clinton.
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No. At some point, objective reality has to come into play. Not every idea from every pe
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Well, your approach of name-calling is how reasonable people (who chose to throw out their reason) lost in 2016, and it's how we'll lose again if enough of us remain in TDS land.
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> We'll have to agree to disagree on this one.
Hey, when we see things differently that's what males conversations interesting, right? How boring would it be if everyone sat arpuns nodding an agreement with everything ever said,
> Calling me deranged may instead, say something about your own mental condition.
I agree going around calling people who disagree with you "deranged" makes no sense. That's my point in this entire thread, so I guess we now agree. Too bad.
> He's nuts. They're nuts.
> Tr
Use preview, dumbass (Score:2)
I really, really need to start using the preview function and proofreading.
This:
Btw, I pointed out that being raised by a single mother or father.
Should be:
Btw, I pointed out that being raised by a single mother or father is the largest factor in whether a kid will end up in prison.
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Re: If I Have To (Score:2)
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The 1968 bug is still with us. The H3N2 virus that caused the 1968 pandemic is still in circulation today and is considered to be a strain of seasonal influenza. [britannica.com]
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Citation?
At the start there was talk of a study from South Korea of people being reinfected but that been disproven
Citation?
Citation (Score:2)
Re: More CNN scare mongering. (Score:2)
Sorry, the link I used for this was the SF Chronicle, not CNN. The SFC article was more sciencey and less scare mongering.
Talk to the editors about link choice and text details.
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1) For any virus you start to decline in curing part once it is out of your body. What matter is how long your body remembers the defense. For example measles, your body remembers for life, while various flues and cold for not that long.
Actually, that's not true. There have been a number of articles on the "first flu" effect, wherein the first influenza subtype you are exposed to as a child results in a lifelong statistically significant decrease in severity and risk of death from that particular subtype, even though the virus mutates dramatically during the decades in between.
The reason your body doesn't remain almost completely immune to influenza is because it mutates too rapidly. The reason your body doesn't remain immune to common c
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2) Your body stops producing antibodies a few weeks to months after it has killed off a virus. However, it remembers the virus and the antibody. If it encounters the same (insufficiently mutated) virus again, it recognizes it, loads up the antibodies which worked against it last time, and starts
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