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Medicine Science

Microplastics Found In Human Stools For the First Time (nytimes.com) 307

An anonymous reader quotes a report from The New York Times: In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics (Warning: source may be paywalled; alternative source). In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics.

The new paper, which was presented Monday at a gastroenterology conference in Vienna, could provide support for marine biologists who have long warned of the dangers posed by microplastics in our oceans. But the paper suggests that microplastics are entering our bodies through other means, as well. To conduct the study, they selected volunteers from each country who kept food diaries for a week and provided stool samples. Dr. Philipp Schwabl, a researcher at the Medical University of Vienna who led the study, and his colleagues analyzed the samples with a spectrometer. Up to nine different kinds of plastics were detected, ranging in size from .002 to .02 inches. The most common plastics detected were polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate -- both major components of plastic bottles and caps.

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Microplastics Found In Human Stools For the First Time

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  • by drnb ( 2434720 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @10:36PM (#57527549)
    I always preferred the Mexican imported Coca Cola in glass bottles. I suspect the taste improvement was not from cane sugar vs fructose syrup but rather due to glass bottle vs plastic. Beer also tastes better in glass bottles, cans often have an inner plastic coating on the metal. I wonder if the some of the plastic particles are coming from such food packaging? The plastic taste I find annoying has to be coming from something.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward

      The plastic taste I find annoying has to be coming from something.

      Your imagination.

      • by hey! ( 33014 )

        Which is what any high-end chef or experimental psychologist will tell you: a lot of taste comes from imagination -- or at least expectations. That's why fine cuisine restaurants put so much effort into arranging food on the plate; if they slapped it on any old way it would taste different.

        Human sense perception has Bayesian inference baked in at the neurological level. The colors you see, for example, are the product of both the light impinging on the retina and also the brain's prior knowledge of the s [wikipedia.org]

        • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

          by cayenne8 ( 626475 )

          This is a fact that accounts, I believe, for at least some police shootings of unarmed suspects. The human visual system does not have the bandwidth or acuity to instantaneously take in a whole scene; instead it picks out a few details and constructs, entirely within the brain, an HD picture of the world. But it's more of an animation than it is a movie. Until you actually direct your fovea to the cellphone in the suspect's hands, it's just a dark blob on your retina. If you "know" there's a gun, your brain

          • by hey! ( 33014 )

            I have no doubt that the steps you recommend will improve your chances, but that's dependent on the experience and expertise of the cop. You can get yourself shot for trying to comply with officer commands. For example the officer tells you to raise your hands, and then thinks your cell phone is a gun.

            Following orders can also get you shot if you misunderstand police commands. There was a black guy recently who got tasered by a cop apparently for that reason. The cop told him to sit on the curb. Then

    • by Kokuyo ( 549451 )

      I think it's about the carbon-dioxide. Coke from PET just tastes flat.

      But it is interesting... for me the hierarchy is:
      1 - 250ml glass bottle
      2 - 330ml Aluminium can
      3 - 330ml glass bottle
      4 - A whole lot of nothing
      5 - More of the same as in 4
      6 - PET if I have a belly ache
      7 - from tap only if I really crave the sugar...

      For water I go with tap as that is still the cleanest and best tasting water around in Switzerland. For beer I don't care much whether it's glass bottle or can.
      What remains? milk and juice from

    • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Wednesday October 24, 2018 @04:31AM (#57528261)

      Most probably it has to do with the different source of sugar. Coca Cola tastes different in every country regardless of which bottle you get it in. As for beer it could very likely be the case that the beer in the can is fresher. Glass bottles are not ideal for beer in the way they are stored and exposed to light. Beer is sensitive to light which is why many beers use as dark of a glass as possible. In cans beer is kept fully airtight, light tight, and nitrogen blanketed. I always ask this question during brewery tours and the answer is always the same: cans are better for the beer, but our customers think it's cheap which is why we ship it in bottles instead.

      Now just remember this tibbit next time you're drinking a Corona. Maybe it's not a bad beer that is only remotely palatable when combined with lemon, but rather it just went off on account of ignoring hundreds of years of experience of exposing beer to light in clear glass bottles :-)

    • by Nidi62 ( 1525137 )

      I always preferred the Mexican imported Coca Cola in glass bottles. I suspect the taste improvement was not from cane sugar vs fructose syrup but rather due to glass bottle vs plastic.

      I don't like the Mexican versions of Coke/Sprite, but you can get the American formulas in glass bottles as well and I've always thought that the Sprite taste so much better in a glass bottle vs plastic.

    • Coke itself is much more harmful than any microplastics.
    • I think the taste difference is primarily the amount of Cane Sugar vs Corn Syrup. However other factors is the degree of carbonation. Plastic bottles (and cans) hold a very high degree of carbonation. While for glass bottles with metal caps, there is a degree of a slow leak espectially when the pressure is very high, then it stabilizes to a lower carbonation level. A lower level of carbonation makes the drink taste more sweet.
      If you are drinking it out of the bottle, we get other factors which may facto

  • by binarybum ( 468664 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @10:50PM (#57527579) Homepage

    I hope they looked for more than just plastics. The international scope of this study could finally allow us to complete a poop olympics of sorts. Whose poop had the highest amount of micro gold? What about the highest amount of bitcoin (is that in poop?) Which country had the runniest poop? The highest tensile strength? And finally, are the Russians doping their poop?

  • So What (Score:4, Insightful)

    by labnet ( 457441 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @10:53PM (#57527591)

    Plastics go in, plastics go out? Whats the problem?
    Do they get into the blood stream? Do they degrade in the body and produce toxins?

    • I think the point is that plastics aren't suppose to be there in the first place.

    • Comment removed (Score:5, Interesting)

      by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @11:37PM (#57527721)
      Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Oh god, don't say that!

        It will start the next Soy Boy panic, Paul Joseph Watson will have to defend selling Brain Force Plus in plastic bottles, Reddit will be full of endless threads about the plastic content of anything you might conceivably ever put in your mouth.

    • Re:So What (Score:5, Insightful)

      by quantaman ( 517394 ) on Wednesday October 24, 2018 @12:21AM (#57527801)

      Plastics go in, plastics go out? Whats the problem?
      Do they get into the blood stream? Do they degrade in the body and produce toxins?

      Some go out, we don't really know if they all go out. And even if they all go out we don't really know everything they do along the way. Do they produce toxins, produce bio-active molecules, or even have a physical effect on biological processes?

      My understanding is that most researchers think they're benign... but there's a lot of weird byproducts of our modern economy making it into our bodies, it's hard to imagine there are no negative consequences.

    • Plastics go in, plastics go out? Whats the problem? Do they get into the blood stream? Do they degrade in the body and produce toxins?

      Seems science does not know yet. The above study can't tell whether all of it comes out again... just that something comes out that thus must have entered.

      It seems the concern is that >b>microplastics are of a size that would allow them to pass through cell membranes or perhaps even be incorporated in cell structures. Does some break down and release active compounds? Does it cause mechanical damage or weakness? More study needed.

  • by fredrated ( 639554 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @11:02PM (#57527617) Journal

    how much plastic there was in people's stool before the industrial revolution!

    • The majority of stool samples collected from archeological sites have been found to be contaminated with microgutta-percha and microshellac.

    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward

      Careful! You're going to be labelled a plastic poop denier!

    • how much plastic there was in people's stool before the industrial revolution!

      You jest, but some very interesting stuff has been added to food over the centuries (sometimes by the eaters themselves). Not very clean sawdust in flour, for example.

  • by burtosis ( 1124179 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @11:19PM (#57527659)
    Microplastics seems to span the range from 5mm down to 10nm but this seems too broad to me if you are talking safety. 5mm is roughly 20 thousandths of an inch and that's fairly macroscopic with a very small surface area to volume. Even 2 thousandths is visible and not that small, around the size of a salt grain you find in a restaurant dispenser. As you get smaller, the surface area to volume rises, as does the reactivity making very fine particles dangerous. This is why macroscopic titanium dioxide is common in food, but nanoparticles of it are actually toxic and pose health risks, and similarity why if you hold a lighter to a brick of metal nothing happens but if you do the same to metal powder suspended in air, or a fluffy fine steel wool, it burns profusely. I would be far more worried about the particles close to 10nm as the large ones look quite chemically inert, that's why they take so long to break down.
    • Microplastics seems to span the range from 5mm down to 10nm but this seems too broad to me if you are talking safety. 5mm is roughly 20 thousandths of an inch and that's fairly macroscopic with a very small surface area to volume.

      I really hope you meant 5nm, because five millimeters is roughly one fifth of an inch, but if that was the case, it implies the previous sentence would have been "from 5nm down to 10nm", which doesn't make much sense.

      • by mark-t ( 151149 )
        It's safe to say he didn't mean 5nm, but meant actually 5 um, which is, by the way, about 20 thousandths of an inch.
        • Yes, unit conversion can be a pita. However let's look at it simply. There are 25.4 millimeters in a inch. So if you have one inch, multiply by 25.4 to get mm. Take 0.02 inches (20 thousandths) multiply 0.02 by 25.4 and it's 0.508mm. Somehow my .5 got autocorrected and I didn't see it so it was just a typo, that dosent affect anything substantial with respect to the argument of the danger of plastic particle toxicity.
      • by jrumney ( 197329 )
        More likely 5 micron. The other thing I would take issue with there is the "surface area to volume" being relevant. Surface area and volume have different units, and are thus not directly comparable. If we're talking spherical particles, they all have the same proportions.
        • More likely 5 micron. The other thing I would take issue with there is the "surface area to volume" being relevant. Surface area and volume have different units, and are thus not directly comparable. If we're talking spherical particles, they all have the same proportions.

          This demonstrates an understanding below the 8th grade level. For any fixed shape, the volume scales as the diameter (or any fixed point to point in the shape) to the third power while the surface area scales to the second power. For example on a sphere the volume is 4/3 pi r^3 while the surface area is 4 pi r^2. Therefore the ratio is proportional to the size, tiny particles have massive surface area to volume while large ones do not. This is a fundamental property of mathematics and physics and affect

  • by Crashmarik ( 635988 ) on Tuesday October 23, 2018 @11:32PM (#57527717)

    Take a look at what the food you eat comes packaged in.

    I'll take mine as an example
    Breakfast: Oatmeal, bacon and eggs. Oatmeal packeaged in a plastic container, bacon in a plastic pouch, eggs in in plastic foam carton
    Lunch: Salami onion and cheese on rye (good jewish rye not that supermarket crap): Salami plastic pouch again, cheese plastic pouch, rye bread paper bag
    Dinner: Stir fried vegetables (from my garden)

    Of that only the food I grew myself, and the Rye I got from a kosher baker didn't have plastic involved, and I am not all that sure about the Rye. Is it any wonder there's plastic in poop ?

    The question is what effect does it have ? Probably none as food grade plastics are indigestible and aren't going to be spending that much time in your digestive tract. Kids after all have been eating the damndest things since time immemorial

    • by techno-vampire ( 666512 ) on Wednesday October 24, 2018 @12:09AM (#57527781) Homepage
      eggs in in plastic foam carton

      Unless you make a habit of eating the eggshells, that's not going to be an issue.
      • No but I do crack the eggs and egg shell often gets in the pan with the egg.

      • Unless you make a habit of eating the eggshells, that's not going to be an issue.

        Would that be true if small plastic particles worked their way into the bloodstream of the hen?

    • Why are your eggs in a plastic carton? Ours are in cardboard.
      Why is your salami in a plastic pouch? Ours just hang on string in supermarkets inside natural skins often coated in a layer of Penicillium.
      Why is your cheese in a plastic pouch? Ours is sliced off a wheel that is encased in wax.

      Note I'm legitimately asking. Is it a choice or are products not available in a more natural packaging to you?

      On the flip side I'm getting off my high horse to say that same place I buy the above from has decided to indivi

    • Have you ever seen the classroom demonstration of glitter used to show how germs or fine particles spread? There are some pretty good videos of a single dose of contamination spreading everywhere during a single class. There is a reason glitter is called the herpes of art supplies. Do you know how smell works? Gases and particles must physically work thier way to the sensory organs inside your nose, so when that co-worker farts and you smell it, you are physically in contact with fecal particles as well
  • Is this a new kind of "in-line" dupe? Wasn't the old kind good enough????

    In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics (Warning: source may be paywalled; alternative source). In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplas

    • by cyn1c77 ( 928549 )

      Is this a new kind of "in-line" dupe? Wasn't the old kind good enough????

      In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics (Warning: source may be paywalled; alternative source). In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics.

      This is better. You can enjoy the same article longer, all at once.

  • microplastics grow up to be room-sized Barney action figures. [trbimg.com]

  • How the hell did this story make it onto /.?
    Has no one there ever been to Ikea?

  • (...) found for the first time (...)

    That's a bit of an odd way to state this; my guess it that they just didn't bother to look any ealier. I'm pretty sure that just about anybody looking at their shit through a microscope in the 1990s would have been able to find plastic in there as well. Probably people professionally looking at shit have encountered endless heaps of plastic in shit already. No surprises here whatsoever.

  • And? Is there some provable harm from them?

    Probably trace amounts of lots of interesting stuff in our waste ...

  • Give that we recently learned that merely opening a water bottle was sufficient to impart microplastic particles into the water, these results should be no surprise.

    Jumping from microplastics in stool to microplastics being ingested from oceanic sources, well, that doesn't pass the simplicity test when there's a far more germane answer, like they drank bottled water as many Europeans do.
     

    • All but mined SALT has plastic in it. Probably for decades now if we had been tracking it. What can one expect from SEA SALT! Never understood why people thought it was better or more natural than land or chemical salt.

      Microplastics MOSTLY come from clothing and other TINY FIBER sources because it takes a long time to break the plastics into microplastics. Already small plastics are most the way there. Every time you wash clothes you're releasing some... don't know why that wasn't news... maybe it was long

  • From TFS:

    In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and Austria. To their surprise, every single sample tested positive for the presence of a variety of microplastics (Warning: source may be paywalled; alternative source). In a pilot study with a small sample size, researchers looked for microplastics in stool samples of eight people from Finland, Italy, Japa

    • Which suggests that either the editors are idiots, or that they don't bother to read what they type....

      Why can't it be both?

  • I bought a couple plastic stools at Ikea last week. My cats occasionally sit on them, but I bought them mostly for humans.

  • Let's use this to our advantage. Find a way to make vitamins and vaccines long lived and embed them into plastics. Then make all the plastic producers mix them into everything. We can finally eradicate Measles and there is nothing the encephaletic anti-vaxers can do about it!

  • by oogoliegoogolie ( 635356 ) on Wednesday October 24, 2018 @10:54AM (#57529805)

    Nearly 100% of our food and drink comes in plastic containers, or metal containers with an internal plastic coating, or wrapped in plastic. Even fruit & vegetables all have those little annoying plastic code stickers.

    Then everything we don't eat but use on a daily basis is made of plastic or comes in plastic containers-keyboards, mouse, pens, pencils, phone/tablet protectors, computer accessories, power tools, yoga pants, stretchy athletic clothing, shoes, socks, gloves, toothbrush, brushes, dental floss, body wash, shampoo, to name just a few.

    On top of that everything we buy is comes in plastic shrink molding or wrapped in layers of plastic.

    Is it really surprising that some of this stuff wears off and gets into our bodies?

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