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Medicine

100 Years Ago, Influenza Killed 50 Million People. Could It Happen Again? (usatoday.com) 270

Last year 80,000 Americans died of the flu -- and 900,000 more were hospitalized, according to estimates by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. NBC News reports: The numbers were shocking. Until now, CDC has said flu kills anywhere between 12,000 and 56,000 people a year, depending on how bad the flu season is, and that it puts between 250,000 and 700,000 into the hospital with serious illness. The numbers for the 2017-2018 flu season go far beyond that... Usually, flu hits first in one region and then another, but this past season saw widespread flu activity all at once, for weeks on end.
Coincidentally, it's the 100-year anniversary of the great flu pandemic of 1918, according to an article shared by schwit1: Up to 500 million people -- about one-third of the world's population -- became infected with the influenza virus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. As many as 50 million died, or one out of every 30 human beings on the planet, killing more American troops than those that died on World War I battlefields. The intensity and speed with which it struck were almost unimaginable, the worst global pandemic in modern history.
The article asks the ultimate question: Could it happen again? Top health and science groups, such as the World Health Organization, the National Academy of Sciences and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, predict influenza pandemics are nearly certain to recur. "Influenza viruses, with the vast silent reservoir in aquatic birds, are impossible to eradicate," the World Health Organization warned. "With the growth of global travel, a pandemic can spread rapidly globally with little time to prepare a public health response." A pandemic could also arise if a strain mutates with or develops directly from animal flu viruses, the CDC said...

In a near worst-case scenario, a new, lethal and highly infectious flu virus would break out in a crowded, unprepared megacity that lacks public health infrastructure, according to Johns Hopkins' Bloomberg School of Public Heath. Such a fast-moving virus could burst from a city and catch a ride with international travelers before public health officials realize what is happening.

The article points out that today there's now safeguards to detect and counteract influenza outbreaks that didn't exist in 1918 (including outbreak-detecting systems, as well as better antiviral drugs and the ability to develop vaccines more rapidly). But it also reminds us that the 1918 flu pandemic killed more people in two years than the plague did in an entire century.

The CDC recommends that every year, anyone six months of age or older should get a flu vaccine. But I'd be curious to hear from Slashdot's readers. Have you gotten your 2018 flu shot?
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100 Years Ago, Influenza Killed 50 Million People. Could It Happen Again?

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  • Yeah, sure it can (Score:5, Insightful)

    by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @08:45PM (#57397464)
    if we don't have a strong, coordinated response to a large scale outbreak yeah, it'll happen again. We haven't magically evolved somehow. We're still vulnerable to the same crap we always were.

    This is kind of a sticking point for me. I know lots of folks who, because something bad hasn't happened recently or to them or their immediate family, they think it's a non issue. Like those folks who were vehemently opposed to background checks for guns until they were shot at or folks in favor of single payer healthcare because they lost their jobs after a stroke. People's inability or unwillingness to extrapolate never ceases to amaze and infuriate me...
    • Re:Yeah, sure it can (Score:5, Interesting)

      by alvinrod ( 889928 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:04PM (#57397516)
      For something like the flu, I don't think there's much that can be done. A huge chunk of the population gets it every single year and you can't really vaccinate against it effectively, so if it's a particularly deadly strain it's going to kill a lot of people. It doesn't matter how good of a healthcare system you have, or what kind of coordinated response you think you have in place, because it will get overwhelmed.

      About the only thing that can be done is to devise some way of treating viral infections or shutting them down, Basically something like antibiotics that can take out the virus or destroy enough of it to prevent people from getting ill to the point that it becomes fatal.
      • Re:Yeah, sure it can (Score:5, Informative)

        by whoever57 ( 658626 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:19PM (#57397568) Journal

        I have read many times that the flu shots will result in reduced symptoms, even if it doesn't prevent it entirely.

        Flu shots will reduce the number of people who die from the flu.

        • Herd Immunity (Score:5, Informative)

          by PopeRatzo ( 965947 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @10:23PM (#57397730) Journal

          Flu shots will reduce the number of people who die from the flu.

          There are a number of people who will contract the flu virus but never show any symptoms. These people will still spread the flu to their loved ones, co-workers, people on the train, etc.

          This is why, "But I never get the flu," is not a good excuse for not getting the flu shot. Even though the flu shot does not work 100%, it still saves lives, and the more people who get the shot, the more lives that are saved. If people who "never get the flu" get the flu shot, more lives will be saved.

          If you have any kind of insurance, the shot is free. If you don't have any insurance, the shot is free. Look around. I think CVS or Walgreens has a deal where you pay some small amount, say $5 for a flu shot and they give you $10 in coupons or something, but there are free shots for almost everyone.

          • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday September 29, 2018 @11:22PM (#57397886)

            Last time I got a flu shot, it gave me autism. Now I am a better software developer because of it. So there is an added bonus.

          • This is why, "But I never get the flu," is not a good excuse for not getting the flu shot.

            9 out of 10 people confuse the common cold with the flu. The remaining 1 in 10 never confuse the two again.

            I've never met a person who's actually had the flu that hasn't gone and gotten the flu shot yearly afterwards. But then flu shots are pretty much free where I live (free for the at risk, free for low income people, free from most employers, and $10 for rich healthy self employed people).

        • IV vitamin C remains in the "memory hole" category with "standard medicine" despite decades of successful use, off screen, or off label
          New Zealand, 60 minutes [youtube.com]
          Riordan Clinic [riordanclinic.org]
          Most people only use injectable vitamin C to provide an initial improvement with 1-2 infusions, rather than reliably pump it down with 2-3 days of infusions, 3x per day at 0.7-1.1 grams per kg of body weight per infusion.

          Likewise, higher dosages of vitamin D3 both improve initial resistance AND modulate or ameliorate things like
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by glitch! ( 57276 )

        For something like the flu, I don't think there's much that can be done. A huge chunk of the population gets it every single year and you can't really vaccinate against it effectively, so if it's a particularly deadly strain it's going to kill a lot of people.

        I disagree with the first and agree with your second. After my first decade of life, I started getting serious lung infections and they came every two to four years. Usually it was some form of pneumonia and as a secondary infection from a simple cold or flu. It became a recurring fact of life. I would get sick several times a year, and sometimes it would bloom out into a lung infection. I used the stupid simple antibiotics (eg, amoxicillin) and even the "advanced" ones (azithromycin) but not much changed.

        L

        • by Anonymous Coward
          I've been smoking a pack a day for 40 years, and drinking at least a 12 pack a week. I don't get sick ever. This is just one data point; use it any way you wish.
        • by Anonymous Coward

          When you gave up sugar...did you also simultaneously (and perhaps coincidentally) become less social? Go out to parties less frequently? Less sexually active, and with a much smaller (like, one or zero) group of people?

          Because your story sounds a whole lot like mine. I used to get sick twice or so a year, every single year, sometimes getting lung infections requiring antibiotics. I tried many special diets and supplements, and nothing worked.

          But I also became antisocial in my old age. I don't date. I

        • I haven't been seriously ill since I started working out, on average three times per week, which I've been doing for about four years now. Haven't reported sick at my job since then.
          Sometimes I get a mild irritation in the throat or nose area, but then it heals away before it gets any worse. I've never had a flu vaccine. In contrast, some of my colleagues who did get the vaccine still got a bad cold. But I understand the vaccines always target a few strains that are most likely to proliferate. Sometimes you

        • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Sunday September 30, 2018 @03:26AM (#57398310)

          - The influenza virus does not care about your low sugar diet.
          - The a lung infection or full on pneumonia that is caused as a complication from the flu virus cannot at all be treated with antibiotics.
          - Having no symptoms of the flu means that you didn't contract the flu, and not that your body is somehow magically better at fighting it. If you were fighting the infection you would be showing symptoms.
          - There's NO such thing as a "simple" flu. You had a common cold.

          As they say 9 out of 10 people confuse the flu with a common cold. The remaining people will never confuse the two again.

      • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @10:08PM (#57397696)
        when faced with a large outbreak. Aside from flu shots there's quarantine procedures, extra steps to be taken at hospitals and clinics, keeping water clean, etc, etc. I suspect I'm only scratching the surface since I don't work for the CDC and I haven't studied flue outbreaks.

        That's another problem the world has (America especially). This idea that we can't do anything about these things. It's mostly from folks who, well, haven't really studied the topic. It's part of a general antipathy towards experts and "elites", a desire to not be told what to do and a desire to think that "common sense" can solve problems.

        Thing is, the world is really, really counter-intuitive. There's so much in this world that doesn't work they way you think it would. Like how it's several times cheaper & more effective at stabilizing a nation to send some food aid than troops, but that if you overdo the aid local businesses can't thrive because they can't compete with free.

        The world is a really, really complex beast. Even things we think are simple aren't. There's damn near nothing that couldn't do with a bit more study and care.
        • by alvinrod ( 889928 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @11:59PM (#57397966)

          when faced with a large outbreak. Aside from flu shots there's quarantine procedures, extra steps to be taken at hospitals and clinics, keeping water clean, etc, etc.

          If you have a large outbreak and it's the kind of flu that knocks people straight on their asses instead of just giving them some sniffles and aches and pains, there aren't enough medical care facilities to handle ~10% of the population suddenly needing medical care to potentially prevent their deaths. Even if you get a flu that has a 10% mortality rate, with 10% of the population catching it, that's around 3.5 million deaths in the U.S. That's well over the annual number of deaths and having that many in a short window would create large issue in itself.

          That's another problem the world has (America especially). This idea that we can't do anything about these things.

          There are things that can be done (I would say you're probably going to have the best results by taking personal precautions than anything the government tries to do), but it's not as easy as saying that we've got a really good plan and expecting the universe to go along with it. As the saying goes, no plan survives first contact with the enemy. Outside of having something akin to antibiotics that would be easily distributable and effective at treating the illness, most of what you might try to propose is just not going to be feasible or nearly as effective as you'd like. If you could have these big plans at a national level that actually worked anywhere near as well as we would like, the Soviets would have won the cold war.

          • the problem you're describing is mostly a man power one. We've got plenty of that if we want to put it to use. It's usually done through the military because that's the only place you can get Americans to consistently spend money. Norm Chomsky pointed this out ages ago, how the Military Industrial Complex was used to get things done that needed doing but that Americans were too cheap to pay for.
        • by sphealey ( 2855 )

          - - - - - Aside from flu shots there's quarantine procedures, extra steps to be taken at hospitals and clinics, keeping water clean, etc, etc. - - - - -

          One of the problems with the 1918 epidemic was the the US Army was getting really well organized to provide emergency medical care. So when the first round of rapid spread influenza (now believed to have originated in a Kansas training depot) knocked down or killed the on-site nurses and doctors the Army rapidly shipped in replacements. Repeat that a fe

    • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:07PM (#57397524)

      You can start your "coordinated response" with _mandating_ employers allow sick employees to either work from home where possible, or take time off. I realize a large portion of Slashdot may not have to endure that but there are a hell of a lot of people who DO. A single sick employee can take out an entire office. That includes basic HVAC maintenance (seriously change your damn filters).

      • " That includes basic HVAC maintenance (seriously change your damn filters). "

        This costs money and building maintenance is one of the first things that gets cut when a company is trying to cut costs.

        They only take it seriously ( temporarily ) when someone gets sick due to poor maintenance and / or OSHA shows up unannounced because the employees who are forced to work in such conditions get tired of the bullshit from the company.

    • Re:Yeah, sure it can (Score:4, Informative)

      by Brett Buck ( 811747 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:17PM (#57397550)

      Supportive health care has gotten MASSIVELY better since 1918, astronomically so. A similarly virulent strain would be bad, but nothing like as bad as it was, because a lot of people back then died due to lack of even basic supportive care.

            Of course, no one said it had to be the same level of virulence, it could be much worse, so ignoring the possibility doesn't make sense.

           

      • Re:Yeah, sure it can (Score:5, Informative)

        by VeryFluffyBunny ( 5037285 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:30PM (#57397600)

        Supportive health care has gotten MASSIVELY better since 1918, astronomically so. A similarly virulent strain would be bad, but nothing like as bad as it was, because a lot of people back then died due to lack of even basic supportive care.

        Of course, no one said it had to be the same level of virulence, it could be much worse, so ignoring the possibility doesn't make sense.

        Yes, and not to mention the fact that, back 1918, there was extreme wealth inequality and the majority of people were poor and malnourished. It wasn't until after WWII that governments started to take public health and nutrition seriously because they realised that far too many military-age men we too unfit to fight for them in wars.

        Public nutrition and health have got much better since 1918 but it is starting to look like it's starting to slip back with obesity, heart disease, child poverty, etc., making a lot of people very unhealthy and vulnerable to disease. Oh, there's a lot more elderly and infirm people around these days who are particularly vulnerable to the flu.

        • What does unfit for military service even mean? This sounds like some excuse offered to a draft board to get excused?

          "Sir, I am unable to do 5 chin-ups/pull-ups/whatever-kind-of-qualifying-callisthenic-to-qualify-for-military-service." "Too bad, son, you will have to stay home and wallow in shame to not be at the front with your friends, living out your natural lifespan with your limbs intact."

        • The Spanish Flu caused a cytokine storm [wikipedia.org]. Basically caused your immune system to overreact, and kill yourself. Consequently, people with strong immune systems - fit and healthy young adults - were the most likely to die from it. Contrast this to modern examples of the flu which mostly picks off children and the elderly.

          If the population today is generally healthier than in 1918, something like the Spanish Flu would be even more deadly today than it was then. (Though to be fair, we don't have a World W
      • Supportive care is great - so long as it's available. Keeping excess capacity on hand to treat a significant percentage of the population in a short period of time would be quite expensive and require someone to pay for national stockpiles of items with short shelf lives - so we don't do it.
      • Re:Yeah, sure it can (Score:4, Interesting)

        by sjames ( 1099 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @11:13PM (#57397850) Homepage Journal

        It has gotten much better, but at the same time, resources are limited. During last year's flu season, the largest local hospital here had to bring in a mobile ER unit meant for disaster relief to handle overflow. It's not hard to imagine resources being completely overwhelmed if we get much worse one year.

    • by quantaman ( 517394 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @10:35PM (#57397770)

      if we don't have a strong, coordinated response to a large scale outbreak yeah, it'll happen again. We haven't magically evolved somehow. We're still vulnerable to the same crap we always were.

      This is kind of a sticking point for me. I know lots of folks who, because something bad hasn't happened recently or to them or their immediate family, they think it's a non issue. Like those folks who were vehemently opposed to background checks for guns until they were shot at or folks in favor of single payer healthcare because they lost their jobs after a stroke. People's inability or unwillingness to extrapolate never ceases to amaze and infuriate me...

      Though I think we're much better able to have a strong, coordinated response now than 100 years ago.

      1) Our ability to treat sick people is a lot better.
      2) Wide scale distribution of surgical masks is way more feasible now than 100 years ago.
      3) Lots of people can work remotely if need be.
      4) Hygiene is way better.
      5) Schools could even be closed if need be, with remote learning options used as much as possible.

      Sure these are progressively more drastic actions, but if we're hitting even a 1% fatality rate I suspect most go into effect.

    • We haven't magically evolved somehow

      Yes we have. We are weaker. Bad diet, less physical activities, ...
      Human bodies are becoming more dependent upon modern medicine, until medicine can’t cope...

      • by arth1 ( 260657 )

        Indeed. Our immune systems and overall health is so bad that a great many of us can't live without advanced medicine.

        No, I did not get my flu shot in 2018. Or 2017. Because vaccines work and are reasonably safe. That's not a good thing, because we become reliant on vaccinations.

        For evolution to work, we need higher death rates among children and young people. If everybody is selected for, there is no selection and no evolution.
        Influenza and other diseases are culling factors that can help keep the herd

        • "If everybody is selected for, there is no selection and no evolution", evolution is not only a "positive" thing. There is an evolution. By mixing genes among everybody, including people who would have died without modern medicine, humanity gets weaker, generation after generation. Human beings are dependent upon the "progress" they created, and that will be more and more so.
      • We are weaker. Bad diet, less physical activities, ...

        Yeah, things are so bad that our average lifespan is only 150% of what it was back in 1918.

        Hell, most of us won't even reach 100. Well, except for the people who are kids now. They'll probably reach 100....

    • Like those folks who were vehemently opposed to background checks for guns until they were shot at

      Hmm, based on timestamps, it only took eleven minutes to bring guns into a completely unrelated discussion.

      Not sure it's a record, but it's close....

      • based on timestamps, it only took eleven minutes to bring guns into a completely unrelated discussion. Not sure it's a record, but it's close....

        A record long time or a record short time? I'd say it's about an average.

    • [...]Like those folks who were vehemently opposed to background checks for guns until they were shot at or folks in favor of single payer healthcare because they lost their jobs after a stroke. People's inability or unwillingness to extrapolate never ceases to amaze and infuriate me...

      True story: I'm a physician. A couple years ago I was part of a team that treated a gentleman in the hospital who had a stroke, a heart attack, septic shock, and a quite large clot in the leg. He was in the ICU for several weeks, ended up with a heart stent and lost his left leg just above the knee. He was on short term dialysis, but thankfully his kidneys recovered.

      He was quite thankful at the time to the hospital, the entire staff, etc. Less than a year later, he walked into my office. His insurance

      • Three months later he came in for a routine checkup. Still had the "bionic" leg, but complained to me that the leg charged the insurance carrier ~$20,000.

        Ummm... Meant to say the company that made the leg. The leg didn't make a telephone call and (I think) isn't wifi capable.

    • Eh.. we've progressed a lot in 100 years. We have much better hygiene and sanitation practices than we did then, even without vaccines, which have also helped. My understanding is that a large portion of deaths to flu are in fact malnutrition and dehydration, which can be countered with IV fluids these days. Also better communication, though perhaps that's countered by the increase of misinformation to some extent.

      While I'm sure epidemics and pandemics will continue to occur, the effects seem unlikely to

    • by Livius ( 318358 )

      I've noticed a trend where people have reached a point of a true inability to extrapolate. Policy decisions are based entirely on feelings, not on facts or even immediate consequences, or the reliability of the story that gave them the feelings in the first place.

    • We haven't magically evolved somehow. We're still vulnerable to the same crap we always were.

      But the flu has evolved to be less virulent as killing the host is not a good survival strategy for a virus.

    • We haven't magically evolved somehow

      Just writing to clarify a fine point: we have in fact evolved, despite there not needing to be any magic around to make that happen. Natural selection happened in a big way in the 1918 pandemic, and past that we've had a couple of generations to incorporate mutations. I'm not quantifying how much more immune to diseases in general we are because of that, and so in that sense am not disagreeing what one interpretation of your statement, but I don't want people to casually think either that evolution is ma

  • by RogueWarrior65 ( 678876 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @08:50PM (#57397480)

    Because the herd needs thinning.

    • A lot of victims, probably the vast majority, are people with one foot in the grave already, and the flu tips them over the edge. So less long term effect than if the victims were random like some other diseases.

  • Will it bring people together to solve the problem and care for each other or will it make us even more isolated and insulated?

  • by MiniMike ( 234881 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @08:55PM (#57397492)

    > Have you gotten your 2018 flu shot?

    They offer flu shots for free at my office. I have kids in school and elderly relatives, darn right I got it. Also I don't believe in crazy conspiracy theories, so no reason not to get one. Not sure why you want to know, but here it is.

    • by antdude ( 79039 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @10:37PM (#57397774) Homepage Journal

      Are they really free? Usually, they are from your medical insurance like your employer's.

    • >Also I don't believe in crazy conspiracy theories, so no reason not to get one"

      It has nothing to do with "conspiracies." If you really did get a flu vaccine, then you SHOULD have been given a list of at least some of the reasons why it might be avoided. For some, severe allergic reaction (although a tiny percent). And for a much larger percent, getting flu-like symptoms if your immune system suddenly identifies the dead virus as an immediate threat and launches anywhere from a mild to extreme attac

  • (1) This would be terrible, no one wants to lose their friends, neighbors, or even their own life.
    (2) World's overpopulated anyway -- humanity needs a good thinning to ensure survival of the species on an overburdened planet.

  • The Pacific Northwest flu season tends to have a later onset, for whatever reason. So that, combined with my mad procrastination skillz, means I often don’t get around to getting the shot until November or even early December.

  • Bird Flu (Score:4, Funny)

    by balsy2001 ( 941953 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:00PM (#57397506)
    If the bird flu goes airborne we could be in trouble.
  • by DERoss ( 1919496 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @09:19PM (#57397564)

    The main problem with flu shots is that they target a particular variety of influenza. Too often, that is the wrong variety for the pending influenza season.

    Last season (2017-2018), my wife and I got our flu shots early in the fall. In the week just before New Year 2018, we both thought we were coming down with colds. The day after New Year, we felt sick enough to see our family doctor, who swabbed high in our noses. After dinner, he called us to tell us we tested positive for influenza.

    Later that same night (still 2 January), my wife could not stop coughing. Since she had a heart problem (now fixed), I suggested that I should take her to the local hospital's emergency room. She did not want to go, but I insisted. She was hospitalized for a week with pneumonia although we were both current with both kinds of pneumonia shots. (According to our doctor, the two types of shots only protect against about 60% of the types of pneumonia.)

    Each year, we still get our flu shots in the hope that, this time, the shots are targeting the variety of influenza that will be going around. My wife got her flu shot in August, and I got mine the beginning of this month (September).

    An attempt to develop a universal flu shot is underway. The goal is not to target any one variety of influenza but instead to protect against all varieties.

    • Up until this year, Quebec has offered free flu shots to kids of 6-24 months and everyone over sixty.

      But they've decided to cancel them this year for all but "at risk" individuals, not as a cost saving measure, but because they've concluded they don't really work. Or at least haven't for some years now.

      http://www.iheartradio.ca/cjad... [iheartradio.ca]

      • So the kids are dying anyway? I am perplexed by this post.
        • The kids didn't die before -- they just got the flu. I would guess that they hope they won't die this year either.

          I understand their point to be that the kids who didn't get the shot (the parents can opt out) turned out to be, in general, no worse off than those who did.

             

    • Too often, that is the wrong variety for the pending influenza season.

      Actually the flu shot is usually spot on for the most at risk variety of influenza of the season. That you still get the flu is a realisation that there are many variants of the flu out there and going around. Only the most widespread are targeted which makes you immune to about 40-60% of the strains out there.

      That said 2017-2018 they did get it wrong. The WHO listed it as 10% effective partially due to targeted strain mutating between the hemispheres. But one bad year is a far cry from "too often". It's ac

  • Over many decades, I have had influenza 4 times: once after a vaccination back in the '70s (US Army insisted; probably a coincidence) that lasted 3 days; once in the '80s, about a week; once in the '90s, again about a week; and a few years ago, lasted about 10 hours (fever, chills, very sleepy; I know it was the flu because my road trip companion tested positive and was down for a few days after Tamiflu). She just had a full week, while I stayed over to take care of her, but didn't catch it. In high schoo

  • The solution (Score:5, Interesting)

    by slashmydots ( 2189826 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @10:11PM (#57397708)
    There's a very, VERY sensitive tipping point when it comes to infections spreading or not. It's very close math. You know what countries have very few problems with flu outbreaks? The ones where it's illegal to go to work with the flu.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward

      People don't realize that. The difference between 0.95 and 1.05 is all the difference in the world when it's in an exponent.

    • Re:The solution (Score:5, Insightful)

      by sjames ( 1099 ) on Saturday September 29, 2018 @11:25PM (#57397890) Homepage Journal

      That's the crazy part in the U.S. Even though we had a fairly bad outbreak last year, right after the 5 minutes of doom and gloom on the nightly news, they urged everyone to put the fear aside and go to the crowded malls for a few hours of intensive exposure and the all important shopping.

  • flu shot didn't help (Score:2, Interesting)

    by schematix ( 533634 )
    had the flu last year and felt like i was going to die. does that count?
  • I'm (obviously) not a biologist. Is there such a thing as a binary virus, either naturally occurring or engineered. Is it even within the realm of possibility?

    Like a binary nerve agent, each individual virus is relatively harmless. Each one by itself wouldn't raise a flag. Authorities might not even consider it a worthy endeavor to develop a vaccine. If they did, most people wouldn't feel the need to get inoculated. Only when a person contracts the second does it become fatal.
  • China is currently holding back on Flu that is moving from Chicken (avian flu) to Humans. It is killing everybody that it infects. Once this one mixes with Human flu and can fully transfer human2human(which it is thought IS the case), then we will see a pandemic.
  • knows that a disease has to start on Madagascar in order to succeed.
  • As I understand it, the danger lies in a virus that doesn't care if you had shots or not.
    The Spanish Flu was an avian flu. To develop the shots, the labs have to make a guess at which one of the various stems is going to be the most prevalent for that season and then start producing the shots. That takes a couple of weeks or months (seems like it's weeks these days).
    If a very aggressive strain would spread before anyone could develop something to counter it, it would spread uncontrolled - we'd have a pandem

  • Flu pandemic is one of the three "not ridiculously unlikely" emergencies our building picked for its "Emergency Preparedness" considerations. Basically, if something has a 1% chance per year of happening or better, then we'd include it. That came down to major earthquake, 100-year storm, and this, all of which can disrupt basic services and even food supply.

    The movie "Contagion" shows a fairly realistic depiction of how such a pandemic could go, and food supplies do run short at one point, the army is handi

  • >>Stop lying when lives are at stake. Medical professionals in the US are required to get the flu shots. It's not true only a small amount of them get it - 100% gets it

    >Sorry, but I'm not the one spreading lies. The vaccination rate among medical professionals in the US is high but well short of 100%

    Where *I* live in the US, it absolutely is NOT required for healthcare workers. However, it is generally provided by the healthcare companies for its employees for free, and it is strongly encouraged.

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