Microbiome Changes Drive the Dieting Yo-Yo Effect, Study Finds (smh.com.au) 256
wheelbarrio writes: We've known for a long time that diet-induced weight loss is rarely permanent but until now what has been a frustration for dieters has also been largely a mystery to scientists. A paper published today in the prestigious journal Nature presents good evidence that your gut microbiome may be to blame. Studying mice fed cycles of high-fat and normal diets, the authors found that the particular bacterial population that thrives in the high-fat regime persists in the gut even once the mice have returned to normal weight and normal metabolic function after a dieting cycle. This leaves them more susceptible to weight gain than control mice who were never overweight, when both populations are exposed to a cycle of high-fat diet. The details are fascinating, including the suggestion that dietary flavonoid supplementation might mitigate the effect. My guess is that this may end up being one of the most cited papers of the year, if not the decade.
Squelched (Score:2)
My guess is that this may end up being one of the most cited papers of the year, if not the decade.
Not if the food processing industry has anything to say about it.
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Actually, the food processing industry might like this paper:
"See, it's not the unhealthy crap we sell, it's the gut biome of the people eating our crap to blame"
IBD and fecal matter transplant (Score:4, Interesting)
This might explain why some recipients of FMT for treatment of C. diff. and CU have seen weight gain without changing their diets.
"Diets" are the wrong thing, anyway! (Score:2)
The typical concept of a "diet" (as in, temporarily changing how/what/how much you eat) is the problem here ... if you eat "a" and are fat, then eat "b" for a while to lose weight, and once you do go back to eating "a", why would you expect anything else than regaining the weight? People need to stop the concept of a diet, and instead change the way and what they eat ... there are enough studies and science around food to show that meats, sugars, fat, processed foods etc are the cause for overweight and obe
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What he said, there is also a study that was done last year that included some of the contestants of The Biggest Loser, even though they kept up with their training the weight crept up. The investigation found that the body actually sabotages the metabolism as it tries to get itself back to that original weight.
I suspect that there may be a link between this metabolism adjustment and the gut biome.
Great career for retired athletes (Score:2)
A lot of people do sports in a serious and committed manner but only a small % of them make it big. All those millions of other extremely fit people with the right microbiome will be great donors for health enhancing poop transplants.
I can't wait for people to be discussing their transplants in the same enthusiastic manner that bodybuilders talk about their supplements.
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Eat Michael Phelps Poo!
Now you too can lose weight, eat Michael Phelps poo and you too can lose up to 100lbs in 5 weeks; don't believe us, watch these amazing testamonials:
"I used to eat Michael Jordan's Poop and it helped a little but after switching to Phelps poo I dropped two dress sizes".
Call now for your free sample of feces.
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I was thinking of drying the samples and turning them into tablets, or to make enemas... but whatever floats your boat...
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Yeah, I know Poop transplants don't work like that, but reality isn't as amusing.
My own theory (Score:3)
I'm a bit late to the party and please note that this observation is based on a sample size of one, so take that with a spoonful of salt, however:
I've tried a few things to lose weight and I'm now below 90kg. I started at 116kg about 6 or 7 years ago. I first lost 23kg by changing my diet to less carbohydrates and more veggies and salad (where I previously ate none). I was out of a job at that time.
This diet was assisted by a doctor and I was forbidden from doing much sports.
After I got a job and relaxed on my diet regime, I gained another 10kg. I stayed at around 103 kg for quite a bit. Perhaps a year ago, I started chewing my food better and thus ate much less food. I lost weight to the point of weighing about 96kg.
Then came another tough time with the kids and I tried keeping spirits up with carbohydrates, so I remained at 96 for another while.
In last two or three months I went down to 88.8. Again by just eating less.
During the last three years, I had a brutal bout of ulcerative colitis and spent two weeks in the hospital with a blocked colon where I couldn't keep down any food for about ten days.
I weighed about 82 kg when I left the hospital but due to my lack of strength, just about all the weight lost was muscle mass, not fat. I was back on my normal weight a few weeks later.
Now my theory is this: Even though I never wanted to believe it, eating less calories than you actually burn during the day plain does work. There are two caveats though:
Without actually measuring your level of activity and your muscle mass it is a bit hard to define what your daily needs actually are.
And second, and much more important, if you suffer from depression and stress, you are much, much more likely to have to wage a HUGE internal battle with yourself to actually keep to your diet. And when you almost inevitably fail to adhere to your diet on an especially hard day, you're WAY more likely to think yourself a failure and eat too much the next day as well or even give up on the diet altogether.
And since you already failed, in your mind, you'll fall back on the carbohydrates to boost your mental stability again.
I believe, much like with every addiction, that this is primarily a mental issue. Which makes it all the harder to overcome. It's not easy being in a mentally stable state when your overweight contributes to your depression.
some random comments (Score:2)
Antibiotics kill a lot of gut bacteria so they probably have an impact on weight gain and weight loss. They almost c
Re:eating less (Score:5, Insightful)
You're missing the point. This is about explaining why the same amount of food (or energy) intake affects people differently. Research into metabolic syndrome has shown that there is no simple relation: eat less -> lose weight -> get healthy. Once you know what influences weight gain or loss, given a certain amount of food intake you can adjust for other parameters.
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It doesn't matter WHY it affects them differently, except as trivia.
Unless you intend to specifically analyse, combat and treat individual microbiomes in the stomach of every patient, you're not going to be able to do much else.
And, honestly, it STILL comes down to "YOU need to eat less". Short of individually tailored micromanagement of your gut, you're not going to ever really change what's in there.
And yet, eating less will force the gut bacteria that are less efficient to die off and more efficient one
Re:eating less (Score:5, Insightful)
"Unless you intend to specifically analyse, combat and treat individual microbiomes in the stomach of every patient"
That's exactly where treatment is heading.
Personalised medicine is a huge emerging field and makes an awful lot of sense once you think about it.
Re:eating less (Score:5, Insightful)
...Personalised medicine is a huge emerging field and makes an awful lot of sense once you think about it.
That depends on if anyone can actually afford it.
Nothing like holding your cure over your head for the right price, which of course will be dictated by millionaires demanding to become billionaires.
The only thing that "makes an awful lot of sense" here is understanding that medicine creates massive profits and isn't getting any cheaper for anyone, no matter who propagates bullshit to the masses to claim otherwise.
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I agree with you entirely, but it's a separate argument. It's similar to reflecting on whether scientists should undertake certain types of research. The media loves to ham these arguments up with a "should we study this?" style of reporting. All along, however, such decisions have always been social/political and are entirely separate to whether we should know something or not.
So yes, we should find out whether personalised medicine works and if so, how much more effective it is. Then, as a society, we sho
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So yes, we should find out whether personalised medicine works and if so, how much more effective it is. Then, as a society, we should choose whether it is worthwhile or not.
I've been sold on personalized medicine ever since I went to the hospital for a broken ankle, and they gave me a corneal transplant.
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You keep hearing how RICH people come to america to have treatments. Meanwhile the middle class in america are going to mex to get treated because the operation in mex is cheaper than the deductible if done in the US. I hear India is starting to do this as well, and they wrap in a mini vacation with the surgery, all for much less than getting it done in the US. I think the US is now at 12% of GDP for health. That is just crazy. Personalized medicine I could see push it to 20+. It is not sustainable.
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Personalised medicine is damn expensive. In a world where we can't afford cheap generics for enough people, and still have insurance-backed healthcare (stupidity personified), personalised medicine is an extra cost that can be put on you and penalise you for your genetic makeup further than we ever could before.
Or you could just eat less.
Because we have NOWHERE NEAR an understanding enough to tell people what they should be doing to get their weight down in such instances, without also involving the words
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It doesn't matter WHY it affects them differently, except as trivia.
You haven't followed research into metabolic syndrome and the microbiome in the last decade and a half or so I presume? "Why" is the most important question when it comes to IBD and metabolic syndrome, because there doesn't appear to be a simple deterministic correlation. People react differently to the same kind of food intake while on the same activity level.
Unless you intend to specifically analyse, combat and treat individual microbiomes in the stomach of every patient, you're not going to be able to do much else.
That's exactly the point of this kind of research..
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TFA article mentions that transferring the microbiome from one animal to another also transferred the more rapid weight gain, so it seems likely that some kind of transfer or selective... microbiomicide? could be used to treat patients.
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It doesn't matter WHY it affects them differently, except as trivia.
Personally, I think an interesting research project might be why self sanctimonious assholes feel that weight is a measurable attribute signifying superiority, and as such ridicule of the obese is only right - when in fact it's a manifestation of insecurity.
Your simple Just eat less and exercise more is a truism, and like all truisms is worthless.
I kept my weight in line with a hellava lot of exercise and eating 1 meal a day. Running, weights, bikes, and Ice Hockey. But it took a hellava lot of each.
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Do you want this to not work? What if it does? Will the sanctimonious need to find a new target to deride?
I think that if it does work, it will increase the gap even further. Why aren't you thin? Just take the pill you slob...
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Simple gut bacteria "transfusions" (literally putting poop in a pill) from a thin person have worked before. (Even the reverse by accident has caused weight gain!)
Wait.... "by accident"? As in, I accidentally ate your poop?
Re:eating less (Score:5, Interesting)
Most of the this is simple crap is done by fat shamers who want to feel like they are a better person due to the lack of excess fat.
I have lost 50lbs and kept it off for over 3 years myself but it is hard, very hard to do. It was akin to getting my masters degree while working full time hard.
If you eat less you feel more hungry then when you get some food you will over eat.
When you start to exercise you get sore and hungry making you want to just sit and eat.
If you substitute your diet you are often not getting the nutrients you need causing you to feel out of sorts.
It isn't will power to not eat from the candy bowl, but to fight your most primal instinct for a long period. It takes a lot of hard work planning to do it. Any small factor could derail you at any time catching an illness, changing jobs, birth or death in the family.
Diet science has been pathetic because so much of us fall on the simple plan. With Diet food companies sell their plastic food as diet, where they are designed to fit this simple plan and cause us to fail.
Re:eating less (Score:5, Interesting)
Best comment in the thread.
Even the association between activity and body weight is not conclusive. Are people active because they are slim or slim because they are active? On a population level [wikipedia.org] it is difficult to determine.
This Horizon program from the BBC is excellent viewing for those interested in such things.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01cywtq [bbc.co.uk]
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All I know is that I have worked out very heavily at times in my life and while I did lose weight, I was never considered "thin". I am just the bulky type who will always have belly fat even if I am super healthy.
My sister is the same. She works out for hours a day and she is strong and fit, but still has a bigger body type.
I work with a guy who is an avid runner and he is pretty large but can run for miles.
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Most of the this is simple crap is done by fat shamers who want to feel like they are a better person due to the lack of excess fat.
Assholes gonna ass. Fat shamers are assholes, plain and simple. On the other hand, I've seen people discussing the medical ffects of fat described as fat shamers. But yeah people get super self-righteous about it.
If you substitute your diet you are often not getting the nutrients you need causing you to feel out of sorts.
That should be fixable: you shouldn't be short on nutrien
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Most of the this is simple crap is done by fat shamers who want to feel like they are a better person due to the lack of excess fat.
Exactly. Remember though, we can lose weight, but they cannot lose being assholes because it is a terminal condition.
I have lost 50lbs and kept it off for over 3 years myself but it is hard, very hard to do. It was akin to getting my masters degree while working full time hard.
I hear ya brother! Congrats. But it is hard to keep it off, and you find yourself spending a lot more time exercising and avoiding food than the "superior" people. I've been exactly there.
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Make your heart beat to shave and a haircut!
OH, you CAN'T? Are you noty in control? Is it your heart or not?
Re:eating less (Score:4, Insightful)
Yes, anyone can freely choose to feel tired and hungry all the time or to eat and be overweight but feel fine.
Re:eating less (Score:4, Interesting)
Yes, anyone can freely choose to feel tired and hungry all the time or to eat and be overweight but feel fine.
As someone who's recently lost some weight, no, that's not right. You shouldn't be going at it so hard that you feel tired all the time. If you do, you're either trying to lose weight too fast, or there's something not optimal about what you're eating.
I found that even before I lost weight, eating high GI foods led to a nice full feeling followd by a carb crash where I'd feel sleepy, which I usually solved by guzzling coffee. Switching to less easily digestible stuff helped a great deal, though I still guzzle coffee, just not quite as much.
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You can decide whether to eat and what foods to eat. Your argument is akin to claiming that cheating on your wife isn't your fault because -biology.
My, it's good to see that the person with the definitive answer is here on Slashdot. Have you contacted the people doing this study to tell them it's pointless?
And if you seriously believe that little bit of bullshit equating obesity with infidelity, it looks like we got's us some fresh meat here folks!
You challenge is to prove that people of identical weight will be exactly the same given the same amount of food. This should be exceptionally easy since you know.
Now show that what is in your GI trac
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[citation needed]
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This is simply not true. About 20 years ago, I lost the ability to walk. (Also sit, stand, etc.) I gained a lot of weight.
Three years ago, I was put on an exercise regime that made it so that I can walk again. It is very intense - so intense that I get tendonitis of my joints once ever few months (and they don't let me stop exercising then either...).
I have not lost any weight at all. I look better, and obviously feel better, but my mass is more, not less.
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Correlation between Antibiotics and Obesity? (Score:4, Interesting)
On a hunch I decided to see if there's a correlation between obesity and antibiotics (which are known to kill both the good and bad types of gut bacteria)
Here's a map showing antibiotic prescribing rates.
http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/co... [cdc.gov]
Here's a map showing obesity rates:
https://www.maxmasnick.com/med... [maxmasnick.com]
Correlation is not causation, but in my unprofessional opinion, these maps look eerily similar.
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Correlation is not causation, but in my unprofessional opinion, these maps look eerily similar.
There is definitely a link here somewhere but I think you have it backwards. Instead of antibiotic prescriptions making people obese, I think obese people have poor diets and as a side-effect of the poor diet and obesity they are more prone to become sick. Then end result being that people that get sick more often are giving antibiotics more often.
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There is definitely a link here somewhere but I think you have it backwards. Instead of antibiotic prescriptions making people obese, I think obese people have poor diets
We know that gut biota are relevant and we know that antibiotics kill off gut biota, so there is at least as much evidence that the relationship works the other way.
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The original reason that farm animals were given antibiotics was to prevent / cure illnesses due to them living together in close proximity, in large numbers. The observation that this led to them gaining weight explains why these animals are now fed with low dose antibiotics.
Since we are animals it is reasonable to assume that, whatever the mechanism behind the observations, the same holds for us too.
Of course it might be a 'virtuous circle' but it seems to me that the GP has a very valid point.
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Do you have a map showing affluence? This could be a 'C causes A and B' situation.
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There are links between antibiotics and t2 diabetes and obesity due to this biome issue
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On a hunch I decided to see if there's a correlation between obesity and antibiotics (which are known to kill both the good and bad types of gut bacteria)
Here's a map showing antibiotic prescribing rates.
http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/co... [cdc.gov]
Here's a map showing obesity rates:
https://www.maxmasnick.com/med... [maxmasnick.com]
Correlation is not causation, but in my unprofessional opinion, these maps look eerily similar.
I blame it on lightning.
http://www.vaisala.com/VaisalaImages/Lightning/avg_sd_2005-2014_CONUS_2km_grid.png [vaisala.com]
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Certainly shows the need to do more research on their use and impact on human gut microbiome.
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The fun part is, two identical people, with different gut bacteria - exhibit different willpower.
There is a whole emerging field about how bacteria communicate with the human and modify aspects of biochemistry and perhaps behaviour to favour their propagation.
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So the mice gained weight when they were fed a crap diet. And, quelle surprise, when human porkers give up their short-lived attempts to stick to a Mediterranean diet and shove their noses back in the McDonald's trough, they pile back on the pounds.
Neither article says that the mice had a calorie-controlled diet. It seem far more likely that the gut microbiome changes have an impact on appetite.
You obviously didn't read the article you quoted.
"To test whether it was due to the microbiome, the researchers transferred the altered microbiomes into mice that had not previously been exposed to yo-yo diets - and here too they found unusually rapid and excessive weight gain when the mice were given high-fat foods."
The amount of weight gained on a given diet depended on the gut biome of the mouse more than the calorific content of their diet.
Re:eating less (Score:5, Insightful)
Never trust science reporting. Here's a better source, the summary of the paper that was linked to:
Here, we identify an intestinal microbiome signature that persists after successful dieting of obese mice, which contributes to faster weight regain and metabolic aberrations upon re-exposure to obesity-promoting conditions and transmits the accelerated weight regain phenotype upon inter-animal transfer.
In other words, once a mouse has this microbiome signature they are more susceptible to obesity, i.e. it is harder for people who were once obese to remain at normal weight than for someone who was never obese.
Other studies have shown that once people become obese and start dieting their bodies go into a kind of starvation mode, where they need to keep calorie consumption down below normal levels to maintain their weight. In fact for people who were obese (not just overweight) it can be so bad that the number of calories they need to take in can be below the level at which normal western food can supply enough nutrition.
Of course this can be offset by doing a lot of exercise, but realistically people can't go for a long run every day or spend an hour on the exercise bike, especially as they get older and are probably already dealing with damaged joints from being too heavy.
So if we can find a way to reset that, perhaps by transferring the microbiome from one person to another, we can help people recover and stay at a healthy weight. I imagine it will be more effective than just berating them for being weak minded, at any rate.
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Never trust science reporting. Here's a better source, the summary of the paper that was linked to:
In other words, once a mouse has this microbiome signature they are more susceptible to obesity, i.e. it is harder for people who were once obese to remain at normal weight than for someone who was never obese.
We've been edging toward this knowledge more and more recently. The bacterial content of our guts has fascinated people for a long time. Its even used as treatments, as in fecal matter transplants for C. difficile colitis http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org... [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Even as far back as the 1940's Theodor Morell, Old Adolph's physician treated him with intestinal bacteria. And despite everyone thinking it was quackery of the highest order, it appeared to work.
Other studies have shown that once people become obese and start dieting their bodies go into a kind of starvation mode, where they need to keep calorie consumption down below normal levels to maintain their weight. In fact for people who were obese (not just overweight) it can be so bad that the number of calories they need to take in can be below the level at which normal western food can supply enough nutrition.
At my adult lightest, I bicycled 20 miles a day, ran 2 m
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It's really a very exciting field, lots of potential applications. All frustratingly far off though, for people suffering today. I can see clinics in China and eastern Europe offering this treatment for all sorts of things soon, maybe even pharmacies offering pills online. I suppose the main issue is that the transplant material needs to be somewhat "fresh".
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I find myself in the strange position was wanting to eat shit.
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This explains it, with a link to the study:
http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016... [nytimes.com]
Basically resting calorie consumption goes way down. One guy was 700 kcal/day below his previous level, making it actually impossible to diet at a safe level to just maintain his weight.
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You can live on yogurt, parmessian cheese, home made peasant bread, soppresatta, olives, cornichons, salad and wine, never go to fast-food places and still be concerned about excess weight - even if you walk 10,000+ steps a day and go to the gym 4-5 days a week.
I know because the above is my diet and my exercise routine, has been for years, and I'm constantly monitoring my caloric input.
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You're missing the point. This is about explaining why the same amount of food (or energy) intake affects people differently
Absolute nonsense. From the Sunday Morning Herald summary (I don't have a Nature subscription):
From the abstract: "Here, we identify an intestinal microbiome signature that persists after successful dieting of obese mice, which contributes to faster weight regain and metabolic aberrations upon re-exposure to obesity-promoting conditions and transmits the accelerated weight regain phenotype upon inter-animal transfer."
So no, not nonsense at all, you did miss the point, and your 'common sense' hypothesis that "the gut microbiome changes have an impact on appetite" is at best a guess and at worst a post
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The only thing this says is that the mice whose gut bacteria had evolved to eat a high fat diet, when exposed to that diet again more efficiently processed the food into energy than mice not previously exposed to that diet. It isn't really about the diet being crap or healthy. What this study seems to say is the opposite of the conclusion many are taking away from it. If you are more efficient at metabolizing certain foods you need to eat less of them. Period.
Ironically, the takeaway that our fast food overlords will get from this is to try and incorporate "flavonoid supplication" into their products in order to stop killing their customer base through obesity. If you are more efficient at processing addictive cheap fast food, you'll be around longer as a paying customer.
Eating less fast food has far more to do with marketing than actually feeling full. No one stops in the middle of a Super-sized triple-decker McShitburger "happy" meal just because they feel
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Are you spying on me?
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Eating less fast food has far more to do with marketing than actually feeling full. No one stops in the middle of a Super-sized triple-decker McShitburger "happy" meal just because they feel full. Not when there's still 2 pounds of french fries left.
I almost never feel full. I don't know if it's my biome, my genome, my upbringing, or what. I always feel like I could eat more. As a teen and 20 something when I could eat unlimited amounts of crap and not gain weight, I would be one of those eating 5 or 6 plates of food from an all you can eat-buffet.
As I hit my 30's I began to gain weight so had to start watching what I eat. I'm always hungry, I always feel like I could eat more, but I limit what I eat to stay healthy. Some of us, myself included, n
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Eating less fast food has far more to do with marketing than actually feeling full. No one stops in the middle of a Super-sized triple-decker McShitburger "happy" meal just because they feel full. Not when there's still 2 pounds of french fries left.
I almost never feel full. I don't know if it's my biome, my genome, my upbringing, or what. I always feel like I could eat more. As a teen and 20 something when I could eat unlimited amounts of crap and not gain weight, I would be one of those eating 5 or 6 plates of food from an all you can eat-buffet.
As I hit my 30's I began to gain weight so had to start watching what I eat. I'm always hungry, I always feel like I could eat more, but I limit what I eat to stay healthy. Some of us, myself included, never feel full. It takes a huge amount of willpower for me to not overeat and maintain a healthy weight. I fully sympathise with those who do get huge because they have large appetites. It would certainly be very easy to let go and just pig out rather than be hungry all the time, like I am.
Many people who are overweight aren't so because they continued eating after they felt full, they just don't feel full.
I am the same way. I played sports daily as a kid and college student and would literally eat all day. I do find that certain foods make me feel full - but never for long. I go from full to famished in about an hour. I basically starve myself all morning because, if I ate breakfast at home, I'd eat breakfast two more times in the office before an early lunch. Exercising on a daily basis causes me to increase my intake to 4-5000 calories a day. It's all a game of self control.
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when exposed to that diet again more efficiently processed the food into energy than mice not previously exposed to that diet. It isn't really about the diet being crap or healthy.
The second sentence seems to contradict the first one? If it's bad for you, then that's what "crap diet" means.
Re:eating less (Score:5, Interesting)
All this has very litle to do with willpower; that is the crux of the matter! I was in that situation with sugar some years ago. I got shakes, weakness and irregular hearth beat if I did not eat [plenty of] sugar. I knew it was bad, I knew I was too heavy, I knew it all - and it did not make any difference.
No one can fight their own biochemistry - you only have to pray it does not turn against you. It took me 2-3 years for the gut bugs to balance [more or less] and to [mostly] stop making me crave the carbs....true it was easier and easier with time but it was absolutely herrendous in the beggining. I repeat again with all sicerity - all this has very little to do with willpower.
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I got shakes
Be careful, they are also full of carbs...
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Hey, I have a similar, transient I hope, problem. I suddenly have heart palpitations, cravings for sweet foods, mood problems, dizziness and other symptoms of Type 2 D. but I don't have Type 2 D., just a very poorly controlled blood sugar - and it all started suddenly after a bad viral infection. I emphasize viral, because I didn't use antibiotics. Still, I guess my microbiota have suffered somehow, because in addition to the poor sugar control I also have regular stomach pain.
My doctor and I are desperatel
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OK, you have a point so I will tell the secret....the will power came from a source that is unavailable to most cases. You see one of the side effects of my severely misbalanced gut was that enormous amount of particular type of bug had taken over half of the living space. The buggers then found their way into my bladder and from there you know where it goes. So I was suffering from chronic bladder/urethra infection that was unbeatable by any means until it was realized where the source of the problem is.
So
Re: eating less (Score:4, Informative)
Troll was rated Troll because he trolled (yes, he touched a nerve - but that's part of trolling).
The underlying premise of the article is your gut is an extension of your neural and hormonal systems. Change its ecosystem's chemistry, and you'd think better and eat better. Have more fruit and vegetables, and your health will improve in a non-linear fashion - more than can be explained by better nutrition alone.
Re: eating less (Score:5, Interesting)
Yeah, it is not simple thermodynamics. The complexity of the interactions in the body is overwhelmingly mind-boggling.
Interestingly enough, more and more researchers are buying into the lower-carb side of the diet controversy. And it seems that if you lower the amount of carbohydrates in your diet, you probably have to increase your fat intake to get enough energy to prevent starvation responses. And a gut that is adapted to burning fat for energy is significantly different from a gut that burns sugars. And so on....
However, the report of a single study doesn't provide a prescription for health. Some time ago there was good discussion about creating a comprehensive science database to compare outcomes of different research. This database would report on both successful and unsuccessful experiments and research, which could possibly cut down on instances of "fads" by identifying what works, what doesn't work, and what hasn't been tested yet.
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Yeah, it is not simple thermodynamics. The complexity of the interactions in the body is overwhelmingly mind-boggling.
Interestingly enough, more and more researchers are buying into the lower-carb side of the diet controversy. And it seems that if you lower the amount of carbohydrates in your diet, you probably have to increase your fat intake to get enough energy to prevent starvation responses. And a gut that is adapted to burning fat for energy is significantly different from a gut that burns sugars. And so on....
However, the report of a single study doesn't provide a prescription for health. Some time ago there was good discussion about creating a comprehensive science database to compare outcomes of different research. This database would report on both successful and unsuccessful experiments and research, which could possibly cut down on instances of "fads" by identifying what works, what doesn't work, and what hasn't been tested yet.
Recent research into gut biology certainly is fascinating and exciting. It seems clear that different types of guy bacteria break down food at different rates and into different components. A lot of research has gone into fecal transplants, but that is the "cheap and roundabout way" of researching this issue, in my opinion. Some questions I have are-
1. Do different species of gut bacteria break down different types of food (vegatables, fruits, proteins, etc) differently?
2. Where are the 'ideal' (m
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Re:Whatever (Score:5, Insightful)
So, what you're saying is that if they would just defy an inbuilt biological drive more powerful than reproduction and just below breathing for the rest of their existence without a single slip-up, they'd be fine?
Did you know we actually breath more than necessary? Try this. Inhale slowly and deliberately. But just half as deeply as normal. Now exhale. Continue like that for the next 24 hours. Ideally, you should feel just the slightest bit woozy. I'm going to say the woozy feeling will pass because people who give unsolicited advice like to say things like that, but really, it won't. Be careful not to let your attention wander, you wouldn't want to have a slip-up! People will call you horrible names relentlessly if you slip up!
Now hop to it you worthless slovenly spineless air-hog! My aesthetic sense must be appeased!
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Re:Whatever (Score:5, Insightful)
Some people have a more powerful drive to eat than others. Much like traditional pearl divers have a more easily controlled drive to breath (they also tend to die prematurely even if they don't drown).
My suggestion wasn't hold your breath for 24 hours, it was breath less for 24 hours. That's because people who are overweight cannot just fast for the rest of their lives (or they will die young) They have the more difficult task of eating less for the rest of their lives. That is, never again knowing the sensation of satiety. The breathing drive is stronger but I only asked for 24 hours.
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Actually, breathing is only semi autonomous and some people are able to control it well enough to freedive for pearls (and others can't).
It is apparent you are one of those people desperately clinging to whatever group you can freely look down upon in order to bolster a fragile self image. In years past you would have been an open racist but that is closed to you now. The last thing you can afford is to let science get in your way.
BTW, I eat one meal a day and I can probably blow you away in the 50.
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Actually, breathing is only semi autonomous and some people are able to control it well enough to freedive for pearls (and others can't).
Whenever this comes up, I get painfully aware of hte need to actively breathe for the next few minutes until I forget and it goes back to the autonomous mode.
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I love it when I hear a story about some asshole gym-rat like you blow-out a couple joints and go from 235 and 8% body fat to 325 and 50% in a year.
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"I love it when I hear a story about some asshole gym-rat like you blow-out a couple joints and go from 235 and 8% body fat to 325 and 50% in a year."
Obviously stories from your mates who don't know what they're doing.
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Some people can't exercise because they have a physical health condition that prevents them from doing so.
I believe his and/or condition controls for this scenario. For the average person diet is the main factor in any case. You need to build up quite a bit of muscle to raise your resting metabolic rate to the point where exercise has become the primary factor in your waistline.
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And those people need to eat less than someone who exercises. However you seem to have missed the "AND/OR" bit of the statement.
Everyone who is "overweight" who eats less and maintains the eating less will over the long term loose weight and it will stay off.
Everyone is "overweight" who maintains the same level of food consumption but increases their exercise and maintains that increase in exercise will over the long term loose weight and it will stay off. I note here that a Tour de France cyclist will typi
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Actually, there was a study done earlier in the year (someone else google it if you want a source) that basically claimed your body has a sort of "weight memory". Your metabolism will slow as you lose weight to try and encourage your body to gain weight.
To explain this (using numbers I just made up, but study used real data) the study said something like this happens:
Take two men. Both 6ft, both weigh 180lbs. Both have a calorie requirement of 2200 Calories to maintain a constant weight.
Man A stays 180lb
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If I recall, they didn't explain what caused this weight memory, if it was our own biology, our gut biology, or what. Basically though, once you're fat, you have to work extra hard not to get fat again for the rest of your life.
And that's exactly what this study found out. They found that if they transplanted the gut bacteria from the one that got fat to the one who stayed skinny the skinny man (mouse) got fat from the diet on which he previously gained no weight.
Re:Whatever (Score:4, Insightful)
"Some people can't exercise because they have a physical health condition that prevents them from doing so."
Odd how it doesn't prevent them heading off to buy a burger or doughnut isn't it?
Are you really that dense? Just because a person's in a wheelchair, you think they can't eat? Just because a person's fat doesn't mean they eat junk food, just as just because a person's skinny doesn't mean they eat a "healthy" diet. What I find really odd is that the level of comments in a science and technology site aren't much better than on YouTube.
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Now I exercise 3 to 5 times a week, almost never eat anything but a home cooked meal, watch my calories, and still struggle to stay under 200lbs and feel hungry and miserable most of the time.
If you're struggling not to put on weight AND you're feeling hungry most of the time, something doesn't make sense.
The most likely explanation is that your idea of "hungry" needs to be revised.
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They could be spending time on the computer or watching TV instead.
That they chose to do something active suggests that they do have more proclivity towards working hard. I have found that in times of my life when I was more physically active, I had more energy and drive to do mental pursuits too. I would say that exercising makes your more inclined to work hard. No evidence for that, just casual observation about my own life and others around me.
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I will agree that spending a few minutes heavy lifting a few times a week improves even mental function. Increasing the activity level beyond this actually just causes your
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the authors found that the particular bacterial population that thrives in the high-fat regime persists in the gut even once the mice have returned to normal weight and normal metabolic function after a dieting cycle. This leaves them more susceptible to weight gain
Because this is why people get fat. From eating fat. In other news, eating sugar causes diabetes.
The research is to do with why dieting is rarely successful, not why people get fat.
Essentially: Eat badly, get fat, diet, lose weight, get the munchies all over again because your tummy is still hungry for fat.
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Yeah, and eat too much protein and you get kidney/liver disease.
We're screwed. Water alone for me from now on.
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If you stop eating altogether, the hunger goes away.
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Is this the same as your guess that Trump supporters are racist and fascist and Trump would not win?
Well he was two thirds right at least.
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Because, like you fine folks I'm part of the problem, not part of the solution [goodreads.com], here are some actual Trump quotes:
This one was said of Obama. Just for $hits & giggles, substitute "I" for "he":
"He lost the popular vote by a lot and won the election! We should have a revolution in this country!"
"The phony electoral college made a laughing stock out of our nation. The loser one! We can't let this happen. We should march on Washington and stop this travesty. Our nation is totally divided! Lets fight like hell and stop this great and disgusting injustice! The world is laughing at us. More votes equals a loss ... revolution! This election is a total sham and a travesty. We are not a democracy! Our country is now in serious and unprecedented trouble ... like never before. The electoral college is a disaster for a democracy."
"there might be someone with tomatoes in the audience. If you see them, knock the crap out of them"
"In the old days, protesters would be carried out on stretchers.
"Let's pull together. it's time to bind the wounds of division."
Everyone hear that? Let's pull together. Let by-gones be by-gones. All for one, and one for all. Yea team! We're number on
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It's a lot easier to cut out 1000 calories by eating something healthy rather than McDonalds than it is to raise your metabolism enough to burn 1000 extra calories.
Yeah, if you're smart you'll exercise too; but cutting out junk food is better than nothing.