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Earth Science

Linking Drought and Climate Change: Difficult To Do 222

Geoffrey.landis writes An article about the current California drought on 538 points out that even though global climate warming may exacerbate droughts, it's nearly impossible to attribute any particular drought to climate warming: "The complex, dynamic nature of our atmosphere and oceans makes it extremely difficult to link any particular weather event to climate change. That's because of the intermingling of natural variations with human-caused ones." They also cite a Nature editorial pointing out the same thing about extreme weather.
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Linking Drought and Climate Change: Difficult To Do

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  • It's difficult but (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Spy Handler ( 822350 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @03:54PM (#48604093) Homepage Journal

    they do it anyways.

    Linking hurricanes to global warming is also difficult but that didn't prevent climate researchers from claiming Katrina-level events will drastically increase in frequency. (we're still waiting on this one)

    • by neilo_1701D ( 2765337 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:36PM (#48604555)

      If anything, it's the opposite:

      http://models.weatherbell.com/... [weatherbell.com]

      The graph shows the global annual counts for all hurricanes and major hurricanes. From '92 through '98, there was around 35 major hurricanes per year, falling this year to 29 major hurricanes. The peaks of the graph roughly correspond to el Nino years, with the stronger the el Nino the more hurricanes. If you consider a hurricane to be a heat transport mechanism to move heat from the oceans to space, this comes as no surprise.

      Of course, the "more hurricanes" argument morphed into "less hurricanes but stronger" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/22/global-warming-to-bring-s_n_471227.html), but once again the planet isn't co-operating with theory.

      • by rtb61 ( 674572 )

        Not quite accurate. With climate change there is a definitive lead and lag, that of course being the difference between how quickly the atmosphere changes temperature and how quickly the oceans change temperature, that difference of course directly relates to hurricanes because they form over oceans. What we are really seeing now is not so much about climate change but more about the nature of our coastal cities and how bound they are to a stable climate and what current and future actions we will need to

    • by Capsaicin ( 412918 ) * on Monday December 15, 2014 @07:52PM (#48606015)

      that didn't prevent climate researchers from claiming Katrina-level events will drastically increase in frequency

      No, that's the exact opposite from what climate researchers have been claiming. To repeat myself [slashdot.org], "[w]ithin the science of climate change that regarding hurricane (and other tropical storm) formation is famously unsettled." The models at least, seem to suggest a probable decrease in the frequency of formation (along with a possible increase in intensity) (Knutson et. al. [noaa.gov]).

    • by LWATCDR ( 28044 )

      " but that didn't prevent climate researchers from claiming Katrina-level events will drastically increase in frequency"
      I think you are confusing advocates with researchers.
      Fear sells after all.

      What is so annoying is that most climate change advocates are as clueless about climate as those that deny climate change.
      Every hot summer, warm winter, flood, drought or hurricane is proof... No it is weather.
      So when you have a slow hurricane season, a drought ends, or an extremely cold winter you have proof that cl

  • by rogoshen1 ( 2922505 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @03:54PM (#48604099)

    bizarro slashdot
    Nope, no sir. Headlines like this are in no way shape or form fodder for the 'deniers'; which then causes the 'believers' to come out in droves. This thread will absolutely be filled to the brim with insightful, informed conversation.

    /bizarro slashdot

  • by NotDrWho ( 3543773 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:00PM (#48604161)

    Hot outside: That's global warming, man!
    Cold outside: That's global warming, man!
    Storming outside: That's global warming, man!
    Mild outside: That's global warming, man!
    Forrest Fire: That's global warming, man!
    Flood: That's global warming, man!
    Raining frogs and locusts: That's global warming, man!

    He was quite the stoner scientist, that one.

    • Raining frogs and locusts: That's global warming, man!

      He was quite the stoner scientist, that one.

      From what I can tell he has a stable of troll accounts on Slashdot and it's pretty likely that he's busy today. I'll scroll down and have a look.....

    • Now he's writing policy for the White House, sadly.

  • by Framboise ( 521772 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:10PM (#48604295)

    The climate has always been a highly fluctuating system where extreme temperatures oscillate over seasons and location by, say typically +/-20K (Kelvin), around a mean value around 287K, slowly growing. In some countries the fluctuations are larger, in some others smaller. All the discussion about the human-induced warming is about the effect of changing this mean value by a couple of K (now +0.5K, in the next century by +2-4K). So even in the most pessimistic scenarios the warming remains in amplitude a small fraction of the typical annual fluctuations. No wonder that it will be difficult to prove that any extreme fluctuations will result from the warming.

    • by dywolf ( 2673597 )

      at its root its simply a basic probability concept, but many people have seemingly forgotten it.

      if you have a perfect coin you expect 50/50 heads/tails over time.
      if you then modify your perfect coin to be slightly heavier on the heads side, you may expect over time to see an increase in the number of heads over time. say 51/49.
      but you cant state than any given toss that came up heads was due to your modification; that without the modification outcome would have been different.
      thats a very difficult thing to

  • See: http://www.engineeringtoolbox.... [engineeringtoolbox.com]

    Since the water carrying ability of saturated air goes up with temperature, there should be a trend toward heavier rainfall with temperature increases. Of course, places that are in a "rain shadow" like most deserts would not be expected to benefit as much as places near large bodies of water.

  • by Karmashock ( 2415832 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:26PM (#48604453)

    The california drought for example is a well known weather pattern. We get that drought every couple decades and always have.

    Last time was in the 1970s. It is difficult to link because natural forces are actually the cause of that drought.

    As to other droughts, I really couldn't speak to every single one on earth. Just the ones I am personally aware of... and without exception, they're all normal natural processes that have been recorded in those regions for as long as we've kept records.

    Attributing any known and consistent weather pattern to global warming is dishonest or ignorant. Pick one.

    It is like blaming summer on global warming or winter on global cooling. Neither one is valid unless we consider changes in the earth's orbit to be global warming/cooling.

    We are probably going to go into an ice age in the next few thousand years. At least, that is what the climate records show... we're due an ice age. When that comes, I hope we have the foresight to pump something into our atmosphere to limit it. Ice ages are a thousand times worse then any of the silly predictions about Global Warming. A Global Ice Age would make much of the world uninhabitable.

    • The california drought for example is a well known weather pattern. We get that drought every couple decades and always have.

      Last time was in the 1970s. It is difficult to link because natural forces are actually the cause of that drought.

      As to other droughts, I really couldn't speak to every single one on earth. Just the ones I am personally aware of... and without exception, they're all normal natural processes that have been recorded in those regions for as long as we've kept records.

      Attributing any known and consistent weather pattern to global warming is dishonest or ignorant. Pick one.

      It is like blaming summer on global warming or winter on global cooling. Neither one is valid unless we consider changes in the earth's orbit to be global warming/cooling.

      We are probably going to go into an ice age in the next few thousand years. At least, that is what the climate records show... we're due an ice age. When that comes, I hope we have the foresight to pump something into our atmosphere to limit it. Ice ages are a thousand times worse then any of the silly predictions about Global Warming. A Global Ice Age would make much of the world uninhabitable.

      I hope by the time we hit the next ice age we'd have working space mirrors.

    • We are probably going to go into an ice age in the next few thousand years. At least, that is what the climate records show... we're due an ice age. When that comes, I hope we have the foresight to pump something into our atmosphere to limit it. Ice ages are a thousand times worse then any of the silly predictions about Global Warming. A Global Ice Age would make much of the world uninhabitable.

      There is no chance of that happening for the foreseeable future. With the current conditions on Earth it is impossible for an ice age (glaciation) to occur as long as CO2 levels in the atmosphere are greater than around 250 ppm even if Milankovitch cycles would otherwise lead to one.

      Technically speaking we're currently and still in an ice age and will be until the Antarctic ice sheet melts away. /pedant

      • We've had ice ages with CO2 more then 4 times these levels. So... you're wrong.

        • Yeah, back when the Sun was fainter and the configuration of the continents was completely different. CO2 isn't the only factor, just a major one. Notice I said "With the current conditions on Earth ...".

          • What conditions do you think would prevent another ice age? The CO2? Really? You think the CO2 is going to stop periodic ice ages? The impact of our current CO2 on our existing climate is so minor that the issue remains controversial. And you think it is going to stop something that overwhelms summers for thousands of years?

            Things really haven't changed that much.

            That said, I hope you're right. Ice ages suck.

            • by dave420 ( 699308 )
              The fact you're trying to reduce climatology and paleoclimatology into simple bite-size arguments kind of indicates people shouldn't listen to you, as you're either woefully ignorant of the topics, or are intentionally oversimplifying things to the point of absurdity. Using unqualified words such as "minor" and "much" really isn't helping your position. If you're trying to do an impression of someone arguing out of their depth, you're doing it really well!
              • You're just as guilty of that as me, Dave. Neither of us can explain the full complexity of our positions in a few sentences and neither of us try to do it.

                Suggesting that I am uniquely at fault for this sort of thing is laughable. You know damn well that everyone on this topic is simplifying especially on internet forums.

                *kicks dave off his high horse so he's standing in the shit with everyone else*

            • The impact of CO2 on climate is not controversial in climate science circles. Even such notable contrarians as Roy Spencer and Richard Lindzen admit that CO2 will cause warming. They just think there are other factors that will counter that effect.

              When specifically was it you think we had an ice age with 4 times higher CO2? My interpretation of that was back when we had a snowball Earth [wikipedia.org] more than 650 million years ago. Back then the Sun was at least 6% fainter than it is now and the land surface was all

              • Roughly 400 million years ago the CO2 levels were significantly above what they are now and the normal cycles of ice ages were undisturbed.

                • I just spent the past hour or so researching ice ages. Great fun and I learned a lot more details about the history of ice ages. Thanks for that.

                  There are 5 known ice ages in Earth's past. The Huronian (around 2.4 to 2.1 billion years ago), the Cryogenian (850 to 630 million years ago), the Andean-Saharan (460 to 420 million years ago), The Karoo (360-260 million years ago) and the current Quaternary (since 2.58 million years ago).

                  You must be talking about the Andean-Saharan [wikipedia.org] ice age because during the Ka

                  • There is an average time between ice ages and we're getting due for it.

                    As to CO2 concentrations, where are you getting your information? Because the ice core records are known to be unreliable indications of CO2 concentration.

                    Regardless, the levels of CO2 have gone up and down many times in earth's past without correlating temperature swings. The notion that CO2 is a relevant driver of global climate makes very little sense.

                    Mostly this is because it makes up a relatively small portion of our atmosphere. Her

                    • There is an average time between ice ages and we're getting due for it.

                      Oh, you must be talking about the glaciation cycles of the current Quaternary ice age. For about the last 800,000 years there has been a cycle of about every 100,000 years but from 2.8 million years ago until 800,000 years ago the cycle was more like every 41,000 years. Before the Quaternary the last ice age was the Karoo that ended around 260 million years ago.

                      As to CO2 concentrations, where are you getting your information? Because the ice core records are known to be unreliable indications of CO2 concentration.

                      Of course the CO2 levels I mentioned were not found from ice cores but from other proxy measurements because ice cores only go back about 800,000

                    • As to the rightness and wrongness of models, the current climate models are only valid if given non-falsifiable tests.

                      Non-falsifiable science is not science.

                      If your model cannot fail a test... then it is not being tested. How is this an alien concept?

                      This is the consistent issue with climate models. They are non-falsifiable. They are mostly tested against FUTURE predictions which is like saying your model of gravity says a given planet will be in a given place at a given time in the future. But by the time

    • Of course droughts are natural phenomena. Global warming isn't going to cause anything unnatural to happen. Nor is any individual phenomenon attributable to global warming.

      This is not to say that we can't show that global warming causes more droughts, just that it's going to have to be a statistical argument.

      • Actually that is specifically what they are saying. They tried to show AGW as causing more droughts and found that all the droughts were explainable by natural weather patterns that were predicted and not unusual.

        • You're missing the point.

          Of course all droughts are explainable by natural weather patterns, and it's reasonable that they were predictable.

          Assuming that global warming brought more droughts, how do you think they'd happen? They'd happen through natural weather patterns (slightly different from the natural weather patterns if there had been no global warming), and they might well be predictable. What would happen is more and presumably more severe droughts. That's where we should look for evidence.

  • To paraphrase the "spoon boy" from The Matrix:

    Do not try and bend the correlation, that's impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth...there is no correlation. Then you will see it is not the correlation that bends, it is only yourself.

  • by ScottChi ( 3429487 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:37PM (#48604559)
    During the 1980s, the tobacco companies frequently cited the fact that no case of cancer had ever been demonstrably proven to be caused by cigarette smoking. I had a close relative with a severe addiction who repeated this whenever nonsmokers (like me) complained. This highlights the dichotomy of statistical evidence versus absolute proof. In order to prove that a cancer victim inhaling burning tobacco caused their cancer, you would have to track the specific molecules of the smoke's chemicals that damaged the initial cancer cell's DNA. You'd need to observe the cell dividing out of control, and verify that that particular tumor was the one that lead to the diagnosis. Apparently, the fact that something is incredibly hard to prove can be used as evidence that it can't possibly be happening. Fortunately, most open minded people are willing to accept a vast amount of statistical evidence as proof.
    • Fortunately, most open minded people are willing to accept a vast amount of statistical evidence as proof.

      The links in the article are to fivethirtyeight.com and Nature. If you disagree with them, then you're probably disagreeing with the vast amount of statistical evidence.

    • by LWATCDR ( 28044 )

      "Fortunately, most open minded people are willing to accept a vast amount of statistical evidence as proof."
      Then get back to me when your sample size is much larger...
      Talk about your dumb analogies. BTW you are totally wrong. By the 1980s tobacco smoke had been studied and found to be full of known cancerogenic compounds. They did have mass spectrometers in the 1980s after all.

      You like most people are confusing weather with climate. A single drought can not be attributed to climate change it would take a lo

  • by Himmy32 ( 650060 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:42PM (#48604589)
    A seasonal drought is a weather event. The frequency of droughts is climate. Not sure how you can make any claims about climate with one event. This isn't say that climate isn't changing or what is causing it. But that one event is not relevant to the discussion.

    No event or small chains of events can ever be proof or unproof of what the climate is or whether it's changing. The whole point of climate is that it's over a long time. So evidence of what happened requires long time scales. But that doesn't mean you can't have predictive models. Evaluating models with data sets is key. But if you think that you can prove or disprove a model with only one data point, you are going to have a bad time. If you want clean proofs, stick with pure math. Inconclusive data and blurred lines are the trademark of applied sciences. Especially ones with many variables.

    This is not news. It shouldn't even be a talking point. This is only in the headlines because of how unfortunately politicized this topic has become.
    • by radtea ( 464814 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @06:26PM (#48605469)

      This is only in the headlines because of how unfortunately politicized this topic has become.

      It's news because Every. Single. Story. on weather ends up talking about climate change. Dunno if that's politicalization or just flavour-of-the-week reporting, but it needs to be pointed out as the nonsense it is.

      Climate is a distribution.

      Weather is an event.

      Distributions are made of events, but they are not events and they have properties (their mean and higher moments) that are emergent properties of the distribution, not properties of the events that make them up.

      So long as idiots talk about climate change every time there is a warm spell or a cold snap, there will be a need to point out the difference between events and distributions, and the very small amount you can say about discerning between different distributions that largely overlap based on a single event, or even a small handful of events.

  • by mi ( 197448 ) <slashdot-2017q4@virtual-estates.net> on Monday December 15, 2014 @04:55PM (#48604695) Homepage Journal

    They also cite a Nature editorial pointing out the same thing about extreme weather.

    Extreme weather, huh? 10 years ago we were discussing right here [slashdot.org], how continuing global warming will make hurricanes more frequent.

    The usual suspects were writing "insightful" posts lamenting "deniers" and the sorry state of the uneducated populace preventing the sophisticated elite from saving the planet.

    Today, 10 years since that discussion, we are living through a 30 year low [dailycaller.com] hurricane-frequency — something, none of the "Global Warming" models predicted...

    • Today, 10 years since that discussion, we are living through a 30 year low [dailycaller.com] hurricane-frequency.

      Well, that's certainly a reliable source. I'm surprised they didn't try to blame it on Obama...

      But OK, so hurricane frequency is at a 30 year low in America. World-wide, hurricanes, cyclones, & similar category 3+ storms are at a 40+ year high [noaa.gov].

      • by mi ( 197448 )

        But OK, so hurricane frequency is at a 30 year low in America.

        If you don't dispute the message, why did you have to attack the messenger? Sigh...

        World-wide, hurricanes, cyclones, & similar category 3+ storms are at a 40+ year high

        The chart you linked to a) ends in 2005 (9 years ago!); b) does not suggest anything of the kind. The number of "named systems" peaked in the early 1930-ies, according to it, with spikes in 1968 and 1994 being below that of 80 years ago. Given the state of most of the world ba

        • by NoMaster ( 142776 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @11:11PM (#48606939) Homepage Journal

          You seem to have a low threshold for disagreement, if you consider pointing out that a site with multiple anti-Obama, anti-government, and anti-Democrat pop-ups, advertisements, and articles might be a little bit biased to be "attack[ing] the messenger". Adding a little melodramatic sigh afterwards doesn't bolster your argument.

          Apart from that, you still seem a little confused between 'local' vs 'global', and 'weather' vs 'climate' - not to mention how to interpret both graphs and what I wrote. And you vastly underestimate the amount, quality, and coverage of storm data available since at least the 1950's (if not much earlier).

          But, y'know, if you want to come back with an understanding of global climate rather than a pre-packaged anecdote-based opinion of one aspect of local weather, I'm sure you'll find someone to discuss it with you.

          • by mi ( 197448 )

            might be a little bit biased

            Whether it is biased against Obama is irrelevant to the point of whether or not we've had a record-low number of hurricanes. If you disputed that point, it could've made some sense for you to attack the site's credibility. But you conceded it instead. That you could not resist to attack the site anyway caused me to wonder...

            not to mention how to interpret both graphs and what I wrote.

            You claimed, we are now living through 40-year high of hurricanes world-wide. As evidence —

  • by gmuslera ( 3436 )
    In the other hand, what can't be denied is that global warming provides more energy to the climate system. And in a system so complex that is the root of the butterfly effect concept adding more fuel will affect it, maybe even in ways that we didn't realized yet. And with a civilization that is rooted in stable and predictable climates (agriculture depends on that) it will hit us pretty hard in all those ways.
  • by hamburger lady ( 218108 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @05:57PM (#48605253)

    you can't definitively link any particular roids-era barry bonds home run to the drugs. people know this. people also know that that doesn't mean that the roids didn't have a huge effect on his numbers.

  • If only the heat flow in the earth-ocean-atmosphere system was as easy to follow as the cash flow in the Koch-denialists-politicians system.
  • by Irate Engineer ( 2814313 ) on Monday December 15, 2014 @07:05PM (#48605735)
    I'm going to lose my shit if you damned CS majors don't stop trying to correlate local weather to the frigging climate! It's a fucking non-linear system. Small scale does not equate to large scale behavior, in space or time.

    Will you *please* go read up on chaos theory? At least smoke some weed and read 'Chaos' by James Gleik, try to see some pictures. Read A First Course in Turbulence [amazon.com] by Tennekes and Lumley. I mean, shit, chaos theory has been around for longer than most of you have been alive. Read a goddamned book once in a while. The dead tree kind of book.

    Maybe I need some weed.

    The universe is filled with non-linear chaotic systems. Earth's climate is part of one. Deal with it!

    Yep...I do need some weed.
  • Linking Drought and Los Angeles: Easy To Do

    Northern California sends most of their water south to Los Angeles so that they can grow water intensive crops like walnuts, rice, avocados, etc., when other crops would take hugely less water (but not be as profitable). Sadly, agribusiness pays a deeply discounted price than the rest of us, so we're effectively subsidizing their shrinking water bills with our ballooning ones.

    If Los Angeles would just *catch* their run-off, instead of dumping it into the ocean usi

  • Global warming is like suspecting that you have a pair of 'loaded' dice.-- loaded for 6es and against 1's. You can't just roll once and accurately say "I rolled 2. They must not be loaded. or "I rolled 12 they ARE loaded". both 2 and 12 will still occur, but you'll have MORE 12s and LESS 2's. and your rolls will be generally higher. You can only say something by examining dozens, or even hundreds of rolls and examining the the trends .

    Asking if this single event is attributable to global warming i

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