Tibetans Inherited High-Altitude Gene From Ancient Human 133
sciencehabit writes A "superathlete" gene that helps Sherpas and other Tibetans breathe easy at high altitudes was inherited from an ancient species of human. That's the conclusion of a new study, which finds that the gene variant came from people known as Denisovans, who went extinct soon after they mated with the ancestors of Europeans and Asians about 40,000 years ago. This is the first time a version of a gene acquired from interbreeding with another type of human has been shown to help modern humans adapt to their environment.
Helpful Genes (Score:5, Funny)
This is the first time a version of a gene acquired from interbreeding with another type of human has been shown to help modern humans adapt to their environment.
I'd have to say the genes for red hair were pretty damn helpful in making some of our women really attractive.
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and crazy nutjobs.
Re:Helpful Genes (Score:5, Funny)
yeah, it's the same gene.
Offspring of Denisovans (Score:1)
If Tibetans inherit their genes from the Denisovans, which means that they are cousins to the Melanesians, who also inherit (some other) genes from the Denisovans
One group - the Tibetans, are on the left side of China while the other group, the Melanesians, on the right, and one curious thing is that according to the Chinese legend there was a great war in between 2 tribes, resulting one tribe which was defeated and ran away and the victors became the ancestors of the present day Chinese
Perhaps the Denisova
Re:Helpful Genes (Score:5, Funny)
yeah, it's the same gene.
My wife's standing behind me with an icepick and wants me to say "No it's not"
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not when you land in court.
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You're doing it wrong. Yes, I speak from experience.
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Who is to say some of the Neanderthal genes that have been found in humans are not "helpful"? How are they measuring "helpful adaptation"? Perhaps they mean the high-altitude features are clearly helpful, while the benefits of others are not known yet. (Maybe some of the top football players are the top because of Neanderthal genes.)
Re:Helpful Genes (Score:5, Interesting)
Who is to say some of the Neanderthal genes that have been found in humans are not "helpful"? How are they measuring "helpful adaptation"? Perhaps they mean the high-altitude features are clearly helpful, while the benefits of others are not known yet. (Maybe some of the top football players are the top because of Neanderthal genes.)
A significant number of those Neanderthal and Denisovan genes are thought to be very helpful. For example Neanderthal genes are thought to play an important part in the way skin works in modern Europeans/Asians/Native Americans/Australians (cold climate tolerance, resistance to some diseases, synthesis of vitamins). However, having strong suspicions that this is the case because a whole bunch of skin related DNA in these populations seems to have come from Neanderthals and Denisovians and suspecting that this DNA is important because Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA seems to have been 'selected out' of some other parts of the genome but is still there in the skin related regions of the genome is one thing. Proving it scientifically is a whole other matter. These guys simply managed to become the first to prove in a scientifically rigorous way the helpfulness of one of the numerous bits of Neanderthal/Denisovan DNA suspected to be beneficial. Now let's hope this stands up to peer review.
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The myth of the supermuscular Neandertal is just that - a myth.
Last time I read anything on the subject (admittedly decades ago), a Neandertal in a modern suit would be almost (the "almost" being the shape and size of the nose, mostly) indistinguishable from a Homo Sapiens....
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They've found a lot of broken and healed bones in Neanderthal skeletons, compared to Homo Sapiens. The implication is that they were more rugged than Sapiens, probably because they mostly depended on big game hunting.
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I believe these are relatively recent, perhaps after the Neanderthal's time. It's more likely Sapiens went after smaller animals like rabbits, and were scavengers, stealing game from wolves, hyena's, cougars, etc. using relatively weak spears or rocks.
Going after big game directly was probably not a common option at the time for Sapiens. Neanderthals specialized in big game, and this includes being able to be tra
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"...humans who take the risk of hunting big game due to arrogance..."
If you've got a family or a village to feed, and you have a choice, do you spear the elk or the rabbit? That's not arrogance; it's common sense.
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Who is to say some of the Neanderthal genes that have been found in humans are not "helpful"?
Take a look at Africa. I'd say they've been helpful.
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Sub-Saharan African groups don't have Neanderthal genes, unless they've interbred with non-Africans. Neanderthals were either never in Africa at all, or left it immediately and completely after branching off the rest of the human genetic tree.
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I'd have to say the genes for red hair were pretty damn helpful in making some of our women really attractive.
The Scotch must have helped it, too.
Helpful Genes (Score:1)
Yes. Very attractive.
And, make men too much of a troublemakers ...
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Not sure natural selection helps. Ugly people still reproduce with each others.
Breeding with another humam? (Score:1, Offtopic)
Wish I could get laid...
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Why? Look closely at the men around you who have. You'll see all the bullshit 'compromises' they've had to make in order to get it, and even then, many of them still don't.
Re:Breeding with another humam? (Score:5, Funny)
Look, every time I come here, someone says "fuck beta." I figure it's the best shot I have.
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"Alpha children wear grey. They work much harder than we do, because they're so frightfully clever. I'm really awfully glad I'm a Beta, because I don't work so hard."
Oops. Wrong stage of evolution. We're not there yet.
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And if you're on /., you are NOT an alpha.
So not true.
Re:Breeding with another humam? (Score:4, Insightful)
First of all, a preferable term for "human females" is "women". Or, better still, "people". If you wan't to have a relationship with someone -- even if it's a purely physical relationship -- you're better off by not referring to them by species and gender as though you were an entomologist and they were some exotic variety of insect. Men are people. Women are people. And people have minds, souls, desires, and complexities.
Some people (of either gender) are primarily interested in physical relationships at this point in their lives, and some aren't. Some people are swayed by PUA strategies like negging, and some aren't. Most people, I would guess, want a sexual or romantic partner that they find physically attractive and enjoyable to be with... but those are highly variable qualities. You'd be amazed at what some people do and don't find attractive, when you scratch the surface. For example, sometimes a very wealthy and physically attractive person can immediately turn off a potential partner forever just by having a bitter personality or prejudiced attitudes.
If you're one of those people who's on a low end of the bell-shaped curve of attractiveness when it comes to looks, or height, or chest size, or hair, or wealth, or whatever it is you think would make you attractive to the people you'd like to date or sleep with... yeah, that sucks. I feel for you. Most of us have been there. 50% of the population is below-average by definition, and most of us are not media stars.
But your first step out of that hole is to stop thinking about how to become an "alpha" (whatever the heck you think that is) or lamenting that you aren't one. If you seriously want things to change, you have to find ways to relate to people honestly, regardless of their gender. You have to stop thinking of other people as your competitors or enemies -- especially if those people are ones you want to be in a relationship with.
Because those ugly thoughts will come out eventually. People have spent hundreds of thousands of years evolving finely-honed unconscious detectors for creepy behavior. And you don't want to be That Guy. Nobody likes That Guy.
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One way to tell who is the "alpha" in an animal population, is that they're the one who NEVER has to "prove themselves". They just do their thing and expect the world to go well. They don't bully or beg, or solicit followers. Followers happen because the alpha provides security without risk. Alphas have initiative. They do things in life without seeking glory. They never worry about the pecking order. No one challenges their natural authority. They get along other alphas, too. They're sometimes mistaken for
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Wish I could get laid...
Log out. Its usually one of the more important steps.
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Although this sounds like it is meant to be funny and not insightful, were it a serious comment:
"Getting laid" is a skill like programming, hitting a baseball, playing a musical instrument, or building things. While some people may be born with a natural talent, it is still something you can learn.
The first step is to get a bit more mature. You are not "getting laid" you are making love and if you come across as desperate for sex and only wanting one thing, you will not get anywhere.
The second step is to
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I'd add a "fourth step": understand that different women want different things - that women will typically decide whether to wear their good underwear (i.e. brand new Victoria's Secret lace versus worn out cotton granny panties) before they even go on the date with you - that they''ve already decided the "outcome" of the date before they've even spent time with you.
Some women, because of who they are, want a long hard night in the bedroom and as long as you come across as reasonably nice and not totally psy
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Hehe. I think the "alpha" thing is and isn't a myth. You're right there's a certain type of woman that appeals to and some it doesn't.
But at the same time, a lot of it is conditioning. All their lives, women are taught they are sluts if they initiate. So they will go up right next to you in the bar, flash their eyelashes, and hope you start.
So if you are interested in getting with women, you do have to man up and learn to be the one who comes over and starts the conversation. Doesn't have to be fancy,
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Hehe. I think the "alpha" thing is and isn't a myth. You're right there's a certain type of woman that appeals to and some it doesn't.
Pretty much true, being an asshole and unavailable though does seem to increase one's chances.
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It is and it isn't simple steps.
On the one hand, you can make a huge improvement quickly if you do some very simple things like shaving your neck beard, updating your wardrobe, and turning off the computer and going out to speed dating, singles night, or some place where you are guaranteed to meet women looking for a man. Put simply, you can't hunt for deer in the desert, and if you're not making the chance for yourself then it can't happen, ever.
On the other hand it can also be a lot of hard work. You ma
Who's invasive then? (Score:2)
No wonder (Score:1)
Well no wonder they died, there isn't enough oxygen at those higher altitudes to sustain banging.
Really bad explanation of the evolution. (Score:3, Insightful)
The explanation of the evolution is terrible. If the gene was inherited from a "Denisovans" then that Denisovan didn't go extinct. His descendents are still among us. The gene did not spread through the population; the people who had the gene survived and people without the gene disappeared leaving more space for those survivors.
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The explanation of the evolution is terrible. If the gene was inherited from a "Denisovans" then that Denisovan didn't go extinct. His descendents are still among us. The gene did not spread through the population; the people who had the gene survived and people without the gene disappeared leaving more space for those survivors.
Yes, the "people with the gene" were called Denisovans, they "disappeared", therefore they did go extinct. It seems you don't follow the logic of your own statements.
And just to make it even more clear: suppose I make dog with the tomato gene for photosynthesis (a solar powered dog, how cool is that), then kill every single tomato plant in the world with some Monsanto shit. It doesn't matter that my glorious green power efficient dog would carry the tomato gene... tomatos would still have gone extinct.
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You get this completely wrong,
OP is saying, correctly, it was not another species. The reasoning is simple: If two living things interbreed and have an offspring that is capable of producing viable young the the first two creatures are the same species.
In your false argument splicing a gene is what happened, apparently you think a magic man in the sky found one species frollicking among the clouds, squished them up and took their cloud-dancing-ness and schmeared it into some random people. The two arguments
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I haven't said Denisovans were a different species... you are aware that the word "extinction" is not limited to species right? If all Caucasians | Africans | Mongolians died, their population would be extinct. Their genes would still survive in other humans, and that doesn't make any difference to the fact they would be extinct.
And how the fuck did you read religious connotations in my post? I'm an atheist.
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And how the fuck did you read religious connotations in my post? I'm an atheist.
Because you said that thousands of years ago specific genes were transplanted from one group of people into another group of people. That first group then went extinct, leaving only those spliced genes as evidence.
Since we didn't have genetic splicing until a few years ago, the two choices left as possible genetic engineers are aliens and God. Take your pick.
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Because you said that thousands of years ago specific genes were transplanted
No, I didn't say that. The example I gave was only to elucidate that a single gene (or even a bunch of them) doesn't define a population. I read my post again and the message still seems clear. But ok, I'll make it fucking transparent: suppose I write a book and copy an entire paragraph of Shakespeare's Hamlet, then proceed to burn every single copy of the aforementioned play. It doesn't matter that a paragraph continues to exist in another book, Hamlet went extinct.
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I answered dmbasso's question, and not only is it flagged Offtopic, but now you call me a troll.
Well, it just shows the ignorance of mods and ACs here on slashdot.
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Horsepuckey. Transposons (sp?) are chunks of DNA that get moved around between species by viruses and plasmids. It's actually quite common. We have many chunks of non-human and in fact non-primate genetic material in our DNA that was imported over the eons. I don't know how much of it is expressed as active genes and how much is just 'junk' DNA, I haven't read up on it for several years, but it's there.
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You're right. I didn't think of that one, mainly because it seems quite coincidental that the one gene that got moved is the one that was needed by one particular group to live in the area they are living.
That was either the luckiest gene transplanting ever, or the smartest virus the world has ever seen.
Alternatively, it could be that the ancestors of the Sherpa people had sex with the other group. If so, and the other group has living descendants in the Sherpa people, are they really extinct? That is what
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You just implied that the only non-sexual method of gene migration was artificial, which isn't the case. Among some genera transplanted genes cause evolution to advance much faster than typical mutation rates would.
And yes, the Denesovians are extinct, whether they are a modern human subspecies or an entirely separate humanoid species (the answer to that will depend on which definition of 'species' you use). The African Hairless Dog and the Siamese Hairless Dog both survived into the late 19th century,
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One gene does not make a species.
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Re: Really bad explanation of the evolution. (Score:1)
Yeeeeesss... Birds are dinosaurs, whats your point?
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Not sure if joking or stupid (Score:3)
How long have the sherpas been up there carrying shit for rich European thrill seekers?
Atmospheric pressure, and hence oxygen content, at the height Tibetans have lived naturally for thousands of years is a bit over half that of sea-level. This story has nothing to do with climbing Everest.
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The Sherpas have been carrying shit for rich European thrill seekers since the early 1930s - say 3 generations. For the preceding 30-odd generations (and maybe considerably more) they've been living in the same regions carrying loads of fabrics and foodstuffs over the Himalayan ranges from the plains of India into Tibet during the early summer (after the winter snows melted), and then returning to the plains of India with
Neandertals and light skin (Score:4, Interesting)
There is another obvious point in history where such a gene transfer could have occurred. European conditions favour light skin, and Neandertals had been hanging out there for some tens of thousands of years before modern humans turned up and so had evolved light skin. These newcomers, having recent ancestry in Africa, were probably dark skinned. Interbreeding could easily have introduced the beneficial-to-European-conditions light skin mutations into the modern population.
My memory of the literature (which I have followed just a little bit, not closely) is that this did not happen - genetic analysis shows that modern Europeans and Neandertals acquired light skin through different mutations. However, Wikipedia [wikipedia.org] says this is still under debate.
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Immune system genes are often under balancing selection - i.e. the rarest alleles are favoured (until, due to this favouring, they cease to be rarest, then other alleles are favoured.) An infusion of new different alleles from Neandertals could be favoured simply because they are different, not because they are evolved to European conditions.
Testing between these hypotheses seems difficult. The 'balancing selection' hypothesis predicts that the genes will readily spread back into Africa, whereas the 'evolve
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Interbreeding...My memory of the literature (which I have followed just a little bit, not closely) is that this did not happen
That used to be the accepted position because genetic lineage studies used to be done exclusively with Mitochondrial DNA [wikipedia.org] which is passed down only through the female line. What that showed was no interbreeding. In other words no female Neaderthal had any progeny in the gene pool for modern humans. The assumption always was that the mating patterns of males and females was enough alike that this alone is decisive.
However, we now have the capability to check Nuclear DNA [wikipedia.org], which comes from both parents. This s
Well, that proves it! (Score:1)
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Were Denisovans really a DIFFERENT SPECIES? (Score:3)
One of the definitions of "species" states, that if two can breed and produce viable offspring (unlike, say, donkey and horse or lion and tiger, which produce sterile hybrids), then they are the same species...
Why are Denisovans considered different species, rather than simply a different race (or breed?) of the same Homo Sapiens?
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Perhaps the viability rate of the offspring of cross-breeds is low. "Viability" is not necessarily a Boolean value. As two groups drift apart genetically, the success rate of mating gradually goes down. I'm not sure the definition requires 0.00000...% viability. But, most biologists don't get pedantic of over such and accept fuzzy boundaries of many concepts (until somebody sues over paternity or something).
Dangerous science (Score:1)
Well, I really think it should be race, even writing about different species might be dangerous. That could be really intresting but topic is a tabu.
The only safe route is to wrote that all people all almost same. In fact it would be intresting if people from really different race has problems get babies. But I fear event that is a bit dangerous subject. Only thing that I know for sure it that living as really diffent people is hard, that might have some effect.
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One of the definitions of "species" states, that if two can breed and produce viable offspring (unlike, say, donkey and horse or lion and tiger, which produce sterile hybrids), then they are the same species...
Why are Denisovans considered different species, rather than simply a different race (or breed?) of the same Homo Sapiens?
I have to admit that I am no zoologist. All the info I have I got from online sources
Some time ago I did some digging on the horse + donkey / lion+tiger interbreeding thing, while most of the offspring are sterile, there were some cases that the resulted offspring that were not sterile !
I guess that could be happening to the sapien + denisovan interbreeding program as well - with most offsprings sterile, but those which were not, went ahead and produce _their_ own offspring
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A lot of different species can interbreed, and a lot of animals in the same species cannot.
There are a huge varieties of dog breeds, many cannot viably mate unless through intermediate dog breeds.
Loads of birds rely of feather patterns to keep them uninterested why being perfect genetic matches for interbreeding.
The preponderance of evidence suggests that humans could interbreed with other great apes. We have done it in the past, hundreds of thousands of years ago, and some scien
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There are a huge varieties of dog breeds, many cannot viably mate unless through intermediate dog breeds.
Clearly you've never seen a chihuahua humping everything in sight. Sure, the male has to be smaller, but it only takes one spermatozoa.
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Either way, what is most interesting, Nielsen says, is that the results show that mating with other groups was an important source of beneficial genes in human evolution. “Modern humans didn’t wait for new mutations to adapt to a new environment,” he says. “They could pick up adaptive traits by interbreeding.”
I have a bit of issue with the notion of the source as "important". Useful perhaps. Maybe even "potentially important". The thing is that we don't know whether the alleged interbreeding produced many other variations that were undesirable - with high mortality rates so that they failed to survive multiple generations. It could even be that most of the offspring were still-born or sterile. That doesn't take away from it being an interesting conjecture to explain an unusual variation.
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That's an outdated definition. Species is flexible in that regards.
Species A can breed with Species B and Species B can breed with Species C but species A can't breed with Species C. (and by breed, I mean produce fertile offspring). Rut Roh.
Remember that species is also a convenient moniker for what something is/was at a particular moment in time. Given enough time and isolation, perhaps our different human races could diverge enough to have similar issues with breeding. For Denisovans, they remained i
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Why are Denisovans considered different species, rather than simply a different race (or breed?) of the same Homo Sapiens?
"Variety" is probably a better word than "race" or "species". The "biological species concept" is extremely poorly defined, which is a bit of an embarrassment for a field largely based on a book called "The Origin of Species".
Like all concepts, the boundaries of a "species" are fuzzy, and the only really precise dividing line is the attention of the knowing subject. In many cases this is unprobelmatic: almost any knowing subject looking at the same population would draw the edges between species in the same
"Extinct"? (Score:1)
If they bred with humans, technically they didn't go extinct: their genes live on, at least some of them. "Extinct" is perhaps not a Boolean value.
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I don't know how to classify it, but it was delicious!
Make Love, Not War: (Score:1)
Hey, the Denisovans are back: (Score:1)
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_VG-L... [blogspot.com]
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1. Is a sleight that's not worthy of a reply. Just a glance at TFA shows how much research went into it. And you think you can wave it away without any evidence.
2. Solve it by a process called thinking. Try this: Humans are spread all over the planet (Africa etc.). They'd all have to lose that very gene, except the Tibetans. Odds of that? Probably in the same order of magnitude as the likelihood that a person making statements of this caliber is convinced by reason.
Bert
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Ku-Klux-Klan were Democrats [politifact.com], not Republicans.
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If you believe for one moment the KKK was ever or is still compromised of people who only identify with either of our nation's "favorite sports teams," you're severely in need of a bitchslap back into reality. How can you possibly be this stupid? Keep on supporting the status quo, you fucking idiot.
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The democrats of the day were the conservatives.
Really? Robert Byrd had been an "Exalted Cyclops" in the Ku Klux Klan, yet still he was a Democrat Senator until his death in 2010. Byrd was a liberal and a great favorite of the Democrats.
Apparently, in 1944, Byrd wrote a letter to Sen. Theodore Bilbo refusing to join the military because he might have to serve alongside “race mongrels, a throwback to the blackest specimen from the wild.”
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Ku-Klux-Klan were Democrats [politifact.com], not Republicans.
They certainly were, until FDR and later LBJ wanted to turn the Democrats into the civil rights party, and distanced the party from the racist southern democrats, after which Nixon decided that the Republicans should appeal to those southern former-democrats in order to gain more votes, and the parties basically switched position on this issue.
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Maybe not exactly that, but: [thedailybanter.com]
And then they followed it up with:
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None of these quotes are signs, Republicans believe Blacks — or any other race — are inherently inferior. Every party would rather a constituent group, that overwhelmingly favors their opponents, didn't vote at all — be they seniors, White men, or pregnant Jews. That's just political calculus — not racism.
Ann Coulter was making a statement against affirmative action, even if it may have hurt the particular pilot's feelings. Affirmative action is racism — bigotry of lower expec
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No problem.
How about this If Republicans don't like being called racists, they can stop behaving like racists [dailykos.com]:
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And where Kos claim, that National Review provides "bullhorn to racists" — that is simply an empty accusation.
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List me three names — with proof for each...
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And I quote.
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51 of the 53 Dixicrats went back to the DNC, the GOP got 1 and a few years later got a second one. Notable ones sticking with the DNC are Robert Byrd, who personally ran a filibuster the Civil Rights act, and Al Gore Sr. Byrd was celebrated as a hero of the DNC a few years ago when he finally died.
So we have 96% of the racist Dixicrats going to the DNC, and 4% going to the GOP. In order to make your point you had to outright lie, but you just got called out on it.
More information [blogspot.com]
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Here we have a fine example of an "undocumented poster" (to use fashionable left wing terminology) making sweeping and emotionally charged bullshit statements about a political party which he or she believes to be an ideological rival of his or her "favorite sports team." I'm shocked, shocked I tell you.
For reference, I'm neither a Republican nor a Democrat, but I am fully in support of you going off to fuck yourself. Have a great day, you spineless little piece of shit.