New Evidence For Oceans of Water Deep In the Earth 190
techtech (2016646) writes Researchers from Northwestern University and the University of New Mexico report evidence for potentially oceans worth of water deep beneath the United States. Though not in the familiar liquid form—the ingredients for water are bound up in rock deep in the Earth's mantle—the discovery may represent the planet's largest water reservoir.
This research was published in Science.
Fraking! (Score:5, Funny)
This will be a new application for hydraulic fracturing to release the water from the rock.
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It was a joke son.
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I think the fact that I just celebrated my 62nd birthday qualifies me to call him son, but maybe he's older than me :)
But also I originally created just a "riverat" account that had an upper 5 digit or lower 6 digit UID but I stopped using /. for a few years and meanwhile lost the password and got a different email address and I could never get the admin to release it back to me. So I have this account/UID now.
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OT: old /. accounts (was Re:Fraking!) (Score:2)
That's a familiar story. I had a 5 digit UID until I lost access to the email account I had used to set it up. But also I was then posting under a nick I no longer have a need for: mysticgoat or mysticgoat1993 or something like that. Now I'm retired and no longer have to preserve a professional persona. So even if I had access to my old account, I would not use it, since slashdot in its wisdom does not allow the username on an account to be changed. I understand the reasoning behind that, and do not disagre
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I like the handle riverat since I am both an avid whitewater rafter and a fan of the Oregon State Beavers and it kind of combines the two. I'm looking forward to retirement in less than 5 years.
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That's me. I never bothered to memorize it. That's low enough to even impress me.
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Low number party member much?
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When did UIDs start being issued at birth?
Yess!!! (Score:2)
Another irreplaceable resource to exploit an make a buck!
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How is water "irreplaceable"?
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How is water "irreplaceable"?
The Earth's mantle is probably not replaceable though...
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... its constantly replacing itself
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Water in general is not.
Howeer, clean water where you want it very much is:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F... [wikipedia.org]
Quite a few aquifers filled up milennia ago and the geology changed sealing in the water. This water will not be replaces when it is extracted. Even in less extreme cases many refill slowly.
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How is water "irreplaceable"?
Fusion power, my boy! Fusion power! It will be bigger than plastics.
Ingredients for water? (Score:2)
Does it mean hygrogen & oxigen are separately bound up in rock?
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By RTFA I discovered that "This water is not in a form familiar to us—it is not liquid, ice or vapor. This fourth form is water trapped inside the molecular structure of the minerals in the mantle rock. The weight of 250 miles of solid rock creates such high pressure, along with temperatures above 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, that a water molecule splits to form a hydroxyl radical (OH), which can be bound into a mineral's crystal structure."
Re:Ingredients for water? (Score:5, Insightful)
Water.
You all keep using that word. I do not think that word means what you think it means.
For all of you who think you can drill down and suck some of this out - it's several hundred KILOMETERS (that's a unit of measure, common in the rest of the world - think of it as something like half a mile) down. It's NOT liquid.
You can't have it, no matter how much you want it.
Re: Ingredients for water? (Score:3, Funny)
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" KILOMETERS (that's a unit of measure, common in the rest of the world - think of it as something like half a mile) "
Actually the unit of measure common in the rest of the world Kilometre is more like 6 tenths of a mile.
I tend to think of it as 186/300 (as in thousands of, per second (light speed))
But we don't need to go hundreds of Km down to get enough energy to vapourize (and desalinate) the oceans that are on the surface of the planet.
and provide the rest of our energy needs. There are places where th
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There are places where the magma is pretty close to the surface (Iceland, Hawaii, the central part of The North Island, Yellowstone...
Somehow, I don't think it's a good idea to drill those specific locations.
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The interesting question is, I suppose, whether or not this source of "water" is responsible for the oceans, or if they came about from e.g. cometary impacts post-crust formation (before the crust formed they don't really count as "cometary impacts", it was all just part of the formation process). This has a significant impact on the probability of finding water on extrasolar planets and hence on the CO_2/O_2/H_2O/N_2 life cycle establishing itself. There is of course evidence in the form of e.g. Europa a
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it's several hundred KILOMETERS (that's a unit of measure, common in the rest of the world - think of it as something like half a mile) down.
It's also located directly below the continental United States. You should be fine with saying it's 400 miles down if you expect Americans to speak in terms of kilometers when they find themselves in your SI or metric neighborhood.
When in Rome...
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it's several hundred KILOMETERS (that's a unit of measure, common in the rest of the world - think of it as something like half a mile) down.
Erm... half a mile? Not quite. 160 kilometers could be considered within the range of several hundred kilometers. 160 kilometers would be 100 miles. Not half a mile. :)
Kind regards,
strike
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Carnot, Clausius and Kelvin made pretty definitive statements about heat engines. They don't seem to have ever been proven wrong.
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There's no equipment that exists yet that could possibly drill this deep.
Fixed that for you.
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If man can dream it, he can achieve it.
If we really wanted to, we'd find a way.
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If we really wanted to, we'd find a way.
Not necessarily. A strong will shall accelerate the development, but there's many areas of science where guys are really trying to push the envelope but still can't come up with a solution for a problem.
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If man can dream it, he can achieve it.
If we really wanted to, we'd find a way.
I can haz FTL travel now?
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Does it mean hygrogen & oxigen are separately bound up in rock?
It's stored in hydrates when underground usually:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M... [wikipedia.org]
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Thanks for the link. Thus my whining at a patently absurd phrase actually taught me something nice!
Not Sure (Score:3, Funny)
Seems to me (Score:3, Informative)
It's still easier to get fresh water from the atmosphere. Since it falls down freely, we just have to harvest it. I mean, the deepest hole we've dug is what, five miles? Let's just wait for it to seep out, like the methane and oil do. Besides we are only using about one percent of the water we have on or above the surface. The "crisis" is in management, not supply.
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Right on!
The easiest way to move water from here to there is to put it in the atmosphere at a place where the prevailing winds will carry the rain clouds where we want them. And we know how to do that for California!
We'd have to work out the best depth to set off the nukes and the best megatonnage per blow, but those are trivial problems.
Hell, we have the delivery systems. We have the nuclear arsenal (and that's just an embarrassment any more). This is consistent with the Manifest Destiny that made the U
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LIke all the money that goes to the medical industry because of all the problems caused by incorrect elimination posture!! And those knees don't magically lose their flexibility on their own! Physiotherapists need love too! Why even the pot and chiropractic industries get to cash in on the resulting back problems after the knees go!
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Seattle gets on average, under 36 inches of rain per year. http://average-rainfall.findth... [findthebest.com]
Waco Texas, one of the cities I grew up in and one which most people consider 'drier than normal', gets on average, 36 inches per year. http://average-rainfall.findth... [findthebest.com]
Cary NC, where I live now, gets 46 inches per year. http://average-rainfall.findth... [findthebest.com]
Contrary to whatever you've heard, Seattle doesn't get that much rain, it just gets a little bit of rain very often, which is actually the best way to get it, its re
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getting rid of the surplus is the bigger problem.
More of a legal/political problem. Not too many years ago, cisterns were illegal here. Rain water belonged to the local public utility responsible for it. They undertook expensive projects to build renention ponds to control runoff. Finally, common sense dawned on them. It is cheaper to let property owners handle it on site for irrigation, toilet flushing, etc., so the laws were changed. But in some parts of the country, intercepting rain water is still illegal, or tightly controlled.
Its a matter of water
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Agriculture is the biggest user.
Would it be possible to farm under domes? The Millennium Folly can withstand any storm, and is quite big enough to farm under. Mass produce to bring the costs down, seal off the lower edge, and you can reclaim all that water lost to transpiration. Added bonus of protecting the crops from storm damage and pests.
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Interesting implication for Mars (Score:4, Interesting)
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BTW, I find it interesting that you are so sure, when here on earth with all of the work that we have done, and we still find loads of things that are wrong with our hypothesis and theories.
Water? (Score:5, Funny)
Oceans of water? OH, no!
Drill baby, drill ! (Score:2)
Stephen Baxter (Score:2)
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Thanks for the warning. I'll make sure to avoid those. They sound blitheringly stupid.
Gypsum (Score:3)
How is it different than gypsum, CaSO4-2H2O?
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except where I work, nasty old ceiling tile shit always getting in my tea mug and on dinnerware
There's also oceans of oil ... (Score:2)
... tl:dr - google Thomas Gold Deep Hot Biosphere.
Kind of nice to know momma earth is a good place to be.
outgassing vs comets ocean filling hypotheses (Score:2)
In other news... (Score:2)
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no, diamond has a specific crystalline form. You can't even shit graphite without eating a pencil or similar first
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"This water is not in a form familiar to us—it is not liquid, ice or vapor. This fourth form is water trapped inside the molecular structure of the minerals in the mantle rock. The weight of 250 miles of solid rock creates such high pressure, along with temperatures above 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, that a water molecule splits to form a hydroxyl radical (OH), which can be bound into a mineral's crystal structure."
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Hydroxide is not water.
It is if it is hydrogen hydroxide.
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Both are forms of dihydrogen monoxide. However each of these synonyms exist at a different level of obfuscation.
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I think the "other explanation" is that a story is told, and then people try to fit elements of that story to new discoveries that are made. So the waters of the "Great Flood" vanished? And we discover an ocean's worth of water under North America. How is it obvious that those two are linked? Couldn't it also be true that the stories in the bible are parables meant to teach a lesson and not meant as a literal history lesson?
Re:Old bible scolars (Score:4, Interesting)
To be fair, it's highly likely that the story is based in historical fact to begin with. While the whole world may not have flooded, there was most likely a large enough flood to be worth telling stories about. This would explain why the story of the single family surviving the flood has appeared in several different religions.
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Yeah, like when the ice sheets melted at the end of the last glaciation - several hundred meters of sea level rise world-wide, and any human group near what had been the coast would have experienced something that looked a helluva lot like Noah's Flood. Probably several times.....
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Re:Old bible scolars (Score:5, Insightful)
What isn't "contrivocerial" is that you are an idiot.
If you had an ounce of critical thinking skills (or had even bothered to read the article), you would realize that hydroxyl radicals pervasively bound up in mineral deposits that are hundreds of millions of years old in no way support the idea of an imaginary flood that allegedly occurred 6000 years ago before being written about by semi-ltierate Bronze Age goat herders.
Go thump your bible elsewhere, and retake 3rd grade spelling while you are at it.
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There you have it, folks, another tolerant Slashdot mind!
Re:Old bible scolars (Score:5, Insightful)
There you have it, folks, another tolerant Slashdot mind!
You're absolutely right!
People, please, when you're writing in Slashdot, try to make an effort to respect the opinions of retards and trolls.
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I don't actually think this is about tolerance. Sure AC is a rude bastard, but he isn't entirely wrong. It is ... shall we say unwise... to jump upon every minor discovery as supporting a particular world view without considering it carefully first.
Personally, I don't buy a literal interpretation of Genesis, and I have found people who do tend to grasp desperately at anything that seems to support their argument, which often leaves them with egg on the face, as it were. Almost as if they don't really believ
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No, first there was everything, then it changed.
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What's funny is how many people will think you're being serious and you're a crazy bible thumper... except it's clear you haven't read the bible.
What would be really sad is if you were a bible thumper and didn't know anything about your 'holy' book.
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For as much contrivocery as there is in the biblical history, only recently some of the evidence supporting it is starting to show up in science. First the discovery of the "Big Bang" and the Genisis creation story. In the beginning there was nothing, and then it exploded or something like that.
The entire earth was covered in a flood, poor Noah. Hmm, now we find the flood drained somewhere. Is the Great Flood of Noah fiction? I have my doubts. Some of the stories are beginning to be supported by recent discoveries. How did they possibly get it right so many years ago?
Maybe there is another explination we will find.
What was in those caverns beforehand? Did God kill the Morlocks after he killed the humans?
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Actually, science supports the theory of a Great Flood: the end of the last glacial age. Sea levels rose more than a hundred meters, glaciers collapsed, colossal floods submerged plains and coasts. It changed the whole map of the earth. [iceagenow.com]
It didn't all happen at once, of course, but neither was it without punctuation. Bursting glacial dams and mega-tsunamis are sudden and apocalyptic by anyone's standards; combined with the incessant rise of the tides it's easy to see where so many cultures got their legends o
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I thought everyone knew about Elvis!
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But then where did the water come from? It can't rain upwards!
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I can't tell if you're joking, or insane and trying to fit world events into religious delusions.
either way I would like to subscribe to your newsletter
Re: Old bible scolars (Score:2)
Those options aren't mutually exclusive. In fact, they often go hand in hand.
Re:Is there any info that isn't behind paywalls? (Score:5, Informative)
This looks like the original press release: http://news.unm.edu/news/new-evidence-for-oceans-of-water-deep-in-the-earth [unm.edu]
Here's an explanation of what's going on. [realclearscience.com]
The paper is already used as a reference on the Wikipedia page for Ringwoodite [wikipedia.org].
Here are the research pages of the various authors:
Brandon Schmandt [unm.edu], Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of New Mexico
Steven D. "Steve" Jacobsen [northwestern.edu], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University
Thorsten W. Becker [usc.edu], Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California
Zhenxian Liu [ciw.edu], Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington
Kenneth G. "Ken" Dueker [uwyo.edu], Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming
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Just build specially designed pipelines with parabolic reflectors under them to separate out the salt.
Why's everybody got to think harder not smarter.
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Why's everybody got to think harder not smarter.
Because there's more funding available.
Oblig XKCD (Score:2)
What! You mean a grumpy slashdotter can't just come up with a remarkably brilliant solution to solve the world's problems in just 30 seconds of thinking?
http://xkcd.com/793/ [xkcd.com]
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Damn procedural thinkers, they should be teaching lisp in grade schools.
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I imagine if anything the Zanclean flood is more likely the root of the Noah story aside from the timeline mismatch.
I'm not saying it was aliens... but it was aliens.
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It's never been a very good argument, though. The flood was divine intervention. God could just click his fingers and magic the water into existence, and get rid of it in the same manner.
For that matter he could have just clicked his fingers and made everyone drop dead, but God really loves to put on a big flashy show of things.
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Curious if you have a citation for 'literally'. Not because I don't believe you, but because I'd really like to read the story.
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Only in the minds of people who don't understand the difference between a self-correcting methodology and a belief system which strives to be as least self-correcting as possible.
The fact you are using the fruits of science nearly every second of every day speaks volumes for your hypocrisy and ignorance.
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Ever actually looked at the evidence for evolution through mutation and natural selection and things like that? It's truly massive. If you're talking about Darwinism as in the exact details, those are widely debated, and new ideas do come up.
Nor have I noticed scientists typically meeting honest questioning with vitriol. I have noticed scientists getting thoroughly annoyed at idiots who keep pestering them for no evidence-based reason, such as (say) somebody who refers to evolution as Darwinism, belie
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For all in tents and porpoises, science is no better than any other religion.
I cannot speak for the dolphins, but yes, many if not all, of those who are living in tents seem to believe that science is but another religion.
For that matter, there are a lot of people living with advanced technologies that invoke "Science" as if it were a religious belief, when what they are really doing is citing some authority or other, rather than perfoming scientific experiments or scientific research. Science is not scholasticism, despite what you may have been taught in school.
Can you say
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Over and over again, science has burned it's own at the stake literally
Really? Citation needed. Now religion on the other hand has toasted quite a few.
for challenging the status quo.
Hypothesize that the Earth is round in the face of religious dogma and get roasted. But then the Church says its the victim's fault for challenging their teaching. "If they wouldn't have spoken out, we wouldn't have had to light them on fire." That's the sociopath's game of blaming others.
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So rock contains water?
... and water soaks paper.
Paper disproves Spock
Spock... um...
How does that go again?
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Many other ancient cultures have Great Flood stories as well.
It is my opinion that when so many different people, from so many different parts of the world, with vastly different systems of beliefs and cultures, agree on an old historic event there just may be a kernel of truth to it all.
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Kernel of truth: there are floods.
Completely made up: There was a global flood.
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People, generally speaking, have always known the Earth is not flat. Eratosthenes demonstrated as such over two thousand years ago.
He might as well posit that that's where the water frozen on Hoth came from - it has as much bearing on reality.