Life-Bearing Lake Possible On Icy Jupiter Moon

astroengine writes "New research shows the jumbled ice blocks crowning the surface of Jupiter's icy moon Europa are signs of large liquid lakes below, a key finding in the search for places where life might exist beyond Earth. Drawing from studies of underground volcanoes in Iceland and Antarctica, scientists ran computer models to see if the chaotic formations on Europa's surface could be explained by the same geologic processes seen on Earth. It turns out that not only could this be further evidence for a sub-surface ocean, but also a mechanism that mixes ice and water, circulating nutrients and energy to get from the frozen surface to the ocean below."

ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS

[martas]

EXCEPT EUROPA. ATTEMPT NO LANDING THERE

slashdot filter doesn't get sci fi references... i am disappoint.

Re:

[Tastecicles]

you beat me to it, you insensitive clod!

Re:

[Tablizer]

No wonder the Euro is about to crash.

Re:ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS

[idontgno]

CmdrTaco took his monolith with him. That's why slashfilter had context recognition fail.

"My God, it's full of trolls!"

Re:

[zzottt]

this almost cost me a keyboard you insensitive clod!

If only we had a space program ...

[perpenso]

All these worlds are yours except Europa. Attempt no landing there.

If only we had a space program that would warrant such a warning.

Re:

[Surt]

Mod parent +5, depressing.

Re:If only we had a space program ...

[Anonymous Coward]

Mod parent -1, Back Seat Modder

Re:

[cusco]

In a few weeks I'm going to get on a plane and travel further in a day than anyone prior to Magellan had traveled in a decade. Do you think that we've suddenly reached the ultimate capability of transportation systems and it's now impossible that they will ever get any better? Which is more likely, that we do not currently know everything possible about physics and advances are still possible, or that you'll find the philosopher's stone and live forever?

Why am I even bothering to answer an AC? Just be

Re:If only we had a space program ...

[paulmac84]

I'll bite. Some of us like to push the boundaries of what is thought possible. Some of us would like to see for ourselves what it is like outside the Earth's gravity well. The space program has pushed forward our technology in too many ways to list here. Why shouldn't we continue to push forward those boundaries? No one denies that it isn't difficult or complex, but in trying to attempt the impossible we learn more about our world and the universe we inhabit. On one hand you argue that space is too big and our technology too small, and then you argue that we should root for life extension not because it is easy but because it is hard. Sounds to me that you make the same argument for life extension as you do for not having a space program. I also find it ironic that you quote JFK from a speech he gave about going to the moon.

Re:

[neverbeeninariot]

" Let's get this food, water and population thing sorted out first. Then we can go and explore space..."

~W.M.Hicks

Re:If only we had a space program ...

[jpapon]

I don't know whether or not your predictions are correct, but as a scientist and engineer, I CAN say that I would never want to work with you. You may think spouting such vile nonsense is beneficial, but all it does is show how small-minded you are. Here's an idea, why don't we pursue both space exploration and the medical technology you mentioned. There's plenty of resources to do so... we could find ample funding for both if the "defense" budgets of the world were cut a few percent.

Re:

[Anonymous Coward]

One reason to leave Earth and to continue to develop the technologies and competencies to do so: The long term survival of the human race. No matter how much of your "small" (though not unimportant) explorations take place, the fact remains that humanity and all of human history could be wiped out of existence at any time. The threat is incredibly small, but the consequences are enormous. Only the ability to live sustainably beyond Earth (no easy task, I admit) separates our fate from that of our planet. Th

Re:

[mark-t]

What do you think is out there that's so important?

Space. Elbow room. Infinite amounts of it.

All the elements of the periodic table are on Earth too, you know

Not necessarily... there may exist natural elements in other environments that are not found anywhere in this solar system. All we know is that for the elements we've discovered so far, there are no gaps. There may also be previously undiscovered isotopes of elements that we do know about.

There's nothing out there that we don't have on Earth.

This

Re:

[jschen]

All the elements of the periodic table are on Earth too, you know

Not necessarily... there may exist natural elements in other environments that are not found anywhere in this solar system. All we know is that for the elements we've discovered so far, there are no gaps. There may also be previously undiscovered isotopes of elements that we do know about.

I am all for space exploration, but we know about all isotopes from right here on earth. From right here on earth, we can study stable isotopes, isotopes so light that their half lives are fractionths of a second, and isotopes so heavy that their half lives are fractionths of a second. Isotopic abundances will vary by location, but the properties of the individual isotopes will be the same.

Re:

[mark-t]

but we know about all isotopes from right here on earth

Unless you possess omniscience, or or claiming that earth scientists do, I'd put money on you being wrong about that.

Re:

[TheTurtlesMoves]

We can actually produce more isotopes in the lab than you will find in "space" since many are unstable. We do know the properties of all isotopes with a longish half life because we have physical samples of the stuff to measure these properties. We have a very good idea of the properties of the rest, but given that they last fractions of second or less, they aren't useful for engineering anyway.

This is not UFO: Enemy Unknown. There is no Elerium-115 or otherwise.

Re:If only we had a space program ...

[lgw]

Hows that laboratory study of dark matter going, then? There's so much we don't understand - like 80% of the mass of the universe!

Re:

[YouDieAtTheEnd]

But I'll probably get modded down for blasphemy, or for the crime of preferring to post anonymously.

If you provided even the barest of sources to back up your assertions you probably wouldn't be. Anonymous posting is only looked down upon because it provides no guarantee that you have any interest in a discussion and it can be easily abused to harass people. It's not like /. asks for your social security number, just make an account with an anonymous email.

Re:

[lgw]

You skepticism was justified 10 years ago. Today you're just wrong. The WCOBE/WMAP data shows this clearly - as the T-Shirt says, "Science. It Works. Bitches."

Re:

[oldmac31310]

What the hell are fractionths? Wewease Wodewick!

Re:

[mvdwege]

What do you think is out there that's so important?

Space. Elbow room. Infinite amounts of it.

I keep hearing that. And yet nobody seems to do the math: we have 7 billion people on this planet. How are we going to ship them off fast enough to create elbow room? It can't be done.

Of course, you might say 'elbow room' for those lucky enough to be able to migrate to space. In which case you're advocating elbow room for the privileged only. This might be practical, but hardly a view that most people would think d

Re:

[d3ac0n]

Actually, if we are talking colonization, it is far more likely that NON privileged people will go first.

Why?

Hazards. Space is a dangerous place to go, and off-world colonization almost as dangerous as space itself. Why would the powerful and privileged leave the relative comfort of their lives here when they could just pay lots of other people to risk their lives building up new worlds?

Yes, some space tourism and expensive luxury "space hotels" may be built to serve wealthy clients, but I really don't se

Re:

[tehcyder]

Personally, if I wasn't 40 already and responsible for a family I would absolutely sign up. I'm not poor, but I'm as much an entrepreneuras the next guy and space holds lots of opportunity once our technology is up to snuff.

Yeah, let's ship a load of conmen, salesmen and bullshit artists into space, that will guarantee everything goes well.

Re:

[d3ac0n]

Yeah, let's ship a load of conmen, salesmen and bullshit artists into space, that will guarantee everything goes well.

Wow. I spend quite a fair amount of time online, and it's been awhile since I've seen such a brazen display of complete ignorance about a fundamental characteristic of human nature. I mean, that was just breathtaking.

Frankly, I far more trust the future of humanity in space to your average guy that wants to stake a claim and start a business (IE: an entrepreneur) than I ever would to a gov

Re:

[mvdwege]

You're not addressing the point. Maybe you missed it. If colonising space is not about getting elbow room on Earth, why in the name of all that is sacred would anyone pay money for someone else's elbow room in space?

Again: it's not practical to ship off enough folks to make a appreciable difference in elbow room on Earth, and who would be willing to pay through the nose to give someone else elbow room in space while remaining on earth themselves?

There are good reasons for space colonisation, but creating el

Re:

[d3ac0n]

I didn't miss the point. The point wasn't about "elbow room" per-se, it was about colonization.

And investment groups would ABSOLUTELY invest in a long-term colonization project if the return was an entirely new planet NOT under the jurisdiction of any Earth government where they could build their business. No need to go anywhere for that, just send lots of other people in your name, and then go yourself once things are ready and if you want.

A side effect of mass interplanetary colonization for the people

Re:

[mvdwege]

So you're not actually replying to me or to the poster I originally replied to then. I guess we're talking at cross-purposes here.

Mart

Re:

[cusco]

Yes, it's deliberate. This idiot troll posts essentially the same thing every time there's any space-related thread. If he gets a little more wound up he'll start calling every non-Luddite a 'space nutter'. He's pretty passionate about the whole thing, I really don't understand why. I get the feeling that you could take him up to LEO in a space elevator and he'd still claim that the exploration of space was impossible. I wish he didn't post as AC so that I could find out if he's one of the 'Apollo land

Re:

[cusco]

GEO, not LEO.

Re:

[meglon]

Apparently geeks have more balls to try something difficult. The tragedy of the human species is worthless wimps that want to hold the species back get a free ride when the people with balls (aka: geeks) push the boundaries forward. No, i don't actually consider myself a geek... probably more a geek sympathizer. What i am is anti-worthless lazy anachronistic leeches populating the buttocks of humanity.

Re:

[cusco]

The meek shall inherit the Earth. They can have it. We geeks want the stars . . .

Re:

[thisnamestoolong]

I agree. Also, I think that 640k should be enough for anyone.

Re:

[mark-t]

Earth is obviously where it's at. It has a massive carrying capacity for human life, and NOWHERE ELSE IN THE UNIVERSE HAS

Prove that, please.

Or do you mean nowhere else that we know of?

Because those are two *VERY* different things.

Re:

[Stirling Newberry]

Eggs. Basket.

Let me introduce you to what can be called the "Garden World Imperative." Right now, and for a considerable future, the Earth is the only garden world, that may change, but at the moment, it is true. This means that resource extraction, the mineral resources you talk about, has to occur within the context of protecting the garden world, and having fall back in case of failure. Even today many resource extraction activities, including the burning of carbon, damage the very stability of the gar

Re:

[Bucky24]

Ya know I imagine if some alien entity put a giant message telling us not to land on a certain planet that's the first place NASA would go...

Re:

[ackthpt]

Life on an Icy world or not, if there are no tontons, I'm not interested.

Yeah, nothing like curling up inside a good, warm gutted tonton on a colde night.

It's life, Jim

[ackthpt]

But not as we know it.

Re:

[ackthpt]

You're sure, huh? You know, we only have evidence of life happening one time and in one place. If there is indeed no life on Europa and it does indeed have the conditions thought necessary for life to form, we might have to ponder the possibility that life is incredibly rare. I suspect that life is, in fact, incredibly rare.

In other words, it's dead, Jim.

Well, there's the Goldilocks concept, effective for carbon and water based life, such as we have on Earth. The idea there could be protein molecules formed in different ways isn't quite new, so we'd really need a specimen to examine to see if anything looks like it might be an life form with an alternate chemistry. Speculation that threre could be life is far more interesting than confirming there isn't any life anywhere else.

Re:

[UnknowingFool]

The parameters of the Goldilocks concept are being expanded as scientists find more examples of life on this planet under conditions originally thought to be too extreme to support life: The deep ocean (no sunlight for photosynthesis but chemosynthesis can occur), the frigid Antarctic (organisms should freeze but produce their own anti-freeze), and high temperature vents (organism should be cooked to death but are not).

Re:

[FunkSoulBrother]

Don't all of those extremophiles (that we know of, on Earth), generally start out as more mundane organisms living in less extreme conditions? Then through process of evolution, some of them adapt to to the extreme conditions in which they eventually are thrust or spread to?

I have a hard time believing life can get started independently in those sorts of extreme environments without having someplace slightly more nurturing to get a foothold. Heck, look at humans, we can survive in space due to all the nea

Re:

[UnknowingFool]

The question is probability. In ideal conditions life has a better chance to develop; in extreme conditions it has less of chance. The existence of extremophiles show that under certain conditions is it possible to survive. Also remember conditions change. The early Earth was more hostile to life than the current Earth.

Re:

[Patch86]

Don't all of those extremophiles (that we know of, on Earth), generally start out as more mundane organisms living in less extreme conditions? Then through process of evolution, some of them adapt to to the extreme conditions in which they eventually are thrust or spread to?

Perhaps, but not necessarily. When life first appeared on Earth, the planet was hotter, more volcanic, had more greenhouse gasses and no free oxygen. It would have been more or less completely toxic to almost all life that currently exists on Earth (except for a few of the extremophiles).

It's easy to think of modern day Earth as the "perfect" environment for life- but that's only because it's the environment we're evolved to thrive in. If we were built to thrive in another environment, our current environme

Re:

[cusco]

When life was getting its start its metabolism would have been extremely inefficient at first. I personally think that some of these extreme environments might have been better cradles because of the amount of excess energy available. Also, if you look underground they've found microorganisms of one type or other at some really extreme depths. Compare the volume of available space, the amount of available energy, and the variety of available chemicals in just the first kilometer below the surface, and co

Re:

[mcgrew]

The idea there could be protein molecules formed in different ways isn't quite new

We could come across life, even intelligent life, that's so strange that we won't even recognize it as being alive.

Re:It's life, Jim

[Surt]

If but one in a billion planets has life, there is a LOT of life out there.

Re:

[Ironhandx]

Aye, if we happen to find two objects in this solar system that contain life then life is quite prolific everywhere.

Re:

[tehcyder]

If but one in a billion planets has life, there is a LOT of life out there.

And that one in a billion figure comes from...out of your bottom..

Although I'm sure there is life elsewhere in the universe, you can't just make up an impressively small sounding percentage then apply it to the even more impressively big number that is the number of planets in the universe.

I might just as well say there are approximately a billion billion billion planets (or whateer the number is) but the probability of life on any one is one in a billion billion billion, therefore we are that one pl

Re:

[Surt]

It's an exceedingly small number, picked because I bet most people would guess that life might be less rare than that.
But indeed, we really don't know the actual rarity. Personally, I bet it's more like one in a million or better. The chemistry of life is just not that complicated.

Re:

[ThePeices]

Incorrect.

"In other words, I suspect that it's dead, Jim"

Fixed that for you.

Re:

[Patch86]

Assuming "1 out of 2" is synonymous with "incredibly rare".

Re:

[Kjella]

Well, you could equally well say we've found life on 1/9 (or 1/8, depending on Pluto) planets in the solar system with a few satellites as bonus chances. It's not exactly like we've studied all that many. If we say those planets are a random sampling - which is an approximation - there should be
more than a billion planets in the Milky Way alone that are closer to Earth than any non-Earth environment in this solar system. So even if we conclusively find there's no life here, that doesn't really say much for

Re:

[edremy]

You're sure, huh? You know, we only have evidence of life happening one time and in one place. If there is indeed no life on Europa and it does indeed have the conditions thought necessary for life to form, we might have to ponder the possibility that life is incredibly rare. I suspect that life is, in fact, incredibly rare.

In other words, it's dead, Jim.

Can I disagree here? We have a sample size of 1 right now- no other planet has been investigated well enough to give a yes/no answer.

We know that life on the Earth formed *very* early in the planet's history- we have records back ~3.5 GYA, and it's quite possibly a lot older than that since the limiting factor is finding rocks that haven't been changed so much they would destroy any records. Given that water on Earth only dates to 4.3 GYA, we're probably talking a few hundred million years for life, start

Re:

[mcgrew]

Can I disagree here?

Of course you can.

We have a sample size of 1 right now

Exactly. We just don't know. Actually I think the liklihood of Earth being the only place with life is incredibly low, but unless and until we find life elsewhere, it's pretty unscientific to be absolutely certain that ther is life elsewhere.

Re:

[YouDieAtTheEnd]

And equally unscientific to dismiss the possibility out of hand without further investigation. We're only just in the early stages of making accurate enough measurements to determine the presence of liquid water. To use a rough analogy, it's as if we've just sighted land through the ship's spyglass and we're already dismissing the possibility of it being host to plants, animals and even potable water.

Re:

[mcgrew]

Actually, I'd be very surprised if we didn't find life elsewhere. I think (and have for some time) that there's a good chance we might find life on Europa, or perhaps one of Saturn's moons (you might like this short sci-fi story [slashdot.org] about possible life on the moons of Saturn, Jupiter, or Neptune). But I won't take "there is life out there!" on faith like it seems everyone else is doing.

Re:

[YouDieAtTheEnd]

That's the most sensible thing I've heard on /. all year.

When?

[Anon-Admin]

When can we go ice fishing there? I would love to see what we catch.... Wonder if it tastes good?

Re:When?

[elrous0]

It tastes like burning.

Re:

[meglon]

Dare you to join the Polar Bear Club there....

Cool

[zwede]

Let's go have a look.

Re:

[elrous0]

You wouldn't happen to have a rocket that can get there on you would you? And a ship with a life support system that can support a crew for several years, and a drill that can drill through dozens of miles of ice? If so, we can leave tomorrow. My schedule's good.

Re:Cool

[dissy]

"Wanted: Someone to travel in home-made rocket ship with me. This is not a joke. P.O.Box 322, Oakview CA. You'll get paid after we get back. Must bring your own weapons. Safety not guaranteed. I have only done this once before."

Re:

[Kjella]

Steven Moffat, is that you [bleedingcool.com]?

Re:

[tehcyder]

Ridiculous. Now if you'd offer a time machine ride, definitely, but space? cmon, we all know it's not possible to reach escape velocity...

Escape velocity my arse. Look, the higher up you go, the thinner the atmosphere and the lower the gravity, right? So it must get easierr to get higher the higher up you go. So as long as you've got enough fuel, if you just go at at car speed you'll soon be in space, the atmosphere's only like a hundred miles thick.

I really don't see what all the fuss is about.

Re:

[dissy]

Actually it's all part of the joke.

The original joke I quoted used "time machine" in place of "home made rocket"

http://www.subzeroblue.com/images/classifiedadbacktofuture.jpg [subzeroblue.com]
(Or google image search for "Wanted someone to go back in time with me")

The post I was replying to, with the content and his sig combined, reminded me of that joke and how fitting it would be with the twist.

No scientific value what so ever ;}
Just a nod back at the original material I lifted.

Re:

[pushing-robot]

I know just the people [wikipedia.org] you should talk to.

send a probe!

[k6mfw]

A panel discussion at one of the SETI presentations, one of them said, "Go where the water is." and there's a lot more water on Europa than Mars. Though the ice is thick and radiation is intense, then there is streaming the data back to the surface from the robot submarine through all that water. But just imagine... direct observation of life forms. Most likely microbes, it would be exciting to see lots of fishes. Imagine all the posts on slashdot, those wanting to name the first fish, marine biologists having to constantly correct people's statements, on going jokes of "All These Worlds..." from the movie (incidently remember also in the movie 2010 is where the Chinese made a mad dash to this area before the Americans and Russians).

Re:

[lorinc]

Yeah, and all further industrialization processes... I mean, how many tons of spacy fish we can farm over there ?

Re:

[cyberchondriac]

I can see the packaging already.. Gorton's Space Filets

Re:

[squidflakes]

Will we be asked to trust the Gorton's Space Man?

Re:send a probe!

[Fluffeh]

Most likely microbes

Even single celled organisms [discovermagazine.com] can be quite amazing right here on earth. These puppies were recently found in the depths of our oceans. I can't wait to see what life will come up with on another planet/moon with a totally different set of playing rules.

I only meddle in biology, but what I have learned is that for each time you think that life can't get any stranger, you soon enough discover something that proves you wrong yet again.

Oblig....

[rts008]

...but what I have learned is that for each time you think that life can't get any stranger...

You must be new here. :-)

Sorry, couldn't resist.

But I do agree with your comment, and have been bemused and befuddled by news of the very example you link to.

I can 'wrap my mind' around microscopic single-celled organisms, having viewed them through microscopes many times.
Macroscopic single-celled organisms just boggle my mind. I have many questions....

Re:

[cusco]

Check out the mobile life stage of slime molds if you want something really weird.

Re:

[dingen]

But what if there is life on Europa and we kill it with our probe?

Re:

[Surt]

Then evolution occurs.

Re:

[squidflakes]

>marine biologists having to constantly correct people's statements

Technically, this would be marine exobiologists.

But that's not the point. If they did have complex organisms, I would hope they were squid-like.

Re:

[FreakyGreenLeaky]

the movie 2010 is where the Chinese made a mad dash to this area before the Americans and Russians

I'd love to see this happen in real life. Us westerners often need competition to really spur us on.

Re:

[k6mfw]

come to think of it, this situation occurred in the book "2010," not the movie. Like in Clarke's 2001 book, he was suspicious of the Chinese. Situation was while the Leonov was enroute to Jupiter, the Chinese had a spacecraft that made a mad dash and landed on Europa (ugh, it has been more than 20 years since I read the book so I may have missed some details). Chinese spacecraft and crew perished but they brought very powerful latest technology drilling rigs. (continuing on with the fictional story by Clark

Good

[GameboyRMH]

Can't wait until we start searching Europa's depths instead of Mars' radiation-scorched deserts.

More accurate but less sensational headline:

[Zadaz]

"Liquid water possibly found on Jupiter Moon"

When will the editors understand that not all Slashdot readers are carbon-based life forms. The ridiculous bias on this site knows no bounds!

Re:

[Bucky24]

Yes, some of them are silicon based (ie news-feed aggregator bots... though that would be more binary based rather then silicon based, wouldn't it?).

Lethal radiation Bombardment

[jweller13]

From what I understand Europa is bombarded with massive streams of deadly radiation emanating from Jupiter's radiation belts. How could life possibly exist much less come into being?

Re:

[Olorion]

The layer of ice on the surface of Europa is estimated to be up to 100 km thick. That is a huge radiation shield.

One other thing that ACC predicted

[rossdee]

The Chinese will get there first

(in the book anyway - the movie sucked)

It is funny

[DnaK420]

To watch all you "old coots" complain about the "old slashdot" and how the "new slashdot" is all memes and no scientific talk. Which is complete and udder bullshit.