Govt To Bomb Guam With Frozen Mice To Kill Snakes 229
rhettb writes "In a spectacularly creative effort to rid Guam of the brown tree snake, an invasive species which has ravaged local wildlife and angered local residents, the US Department of Agriculture is planning to 'bomb' the island's rainforests with dead frozen mice laced with acetaminophen. While it might not seem difficult to purge an island of snakes, the snake's habit of dwelling high in the rainforest canopy has so far thwarted efforts to rid the island of the pest. Eradicating the snake is a priority because it triggers more than 100 power outages a year at a cost of $1-4 million and has driven at least 6 local bird species to extinction."
I guess they'll die (Score:5, Funny)
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You are awesome. :)
This Failed in NYC (Score:3, Informative)
NYC tried this kind of stupid stunt to attack our rats with imported possums [nypost.com]. The possums didn't kill the rats, and now Brooklyn is infested with rats and possums.
I expect Guam will remain overrun by snakes, and get overrun by mice. So they'll send in the possums, and Guam will be overrun by snakes, mice and possums.
Why can't we learn that simple attacks on complex problems often just make the problem more complex? Hamfisted slaps at nature always have unintended consequences.
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Re:This Failed in NYC (Score:5, Insightful)
Balanced eco-system + imported snake = Threatened wildlife
Balanced eco-system + imported snake + poison = Balanced eco-system - anything that eats dead mice
It's like throwing a molotov-cocktail in a car to remove tissues after you had a severe cold. You never know what the collateral damage might be.
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I'm pretty sure that's a bad example. We can all agree that the whole car and any contents would be collateral...
Re:This Failed in NYC (Score:4, Informative)
The chance of tylenol (the substance inside the frozen mice) destroying the eco-system on Guam is so minuscule, as to be impossible.
On the other hand, the damned snakes _are_ destroying the eco-system.
I was stationed on Guam. I loved it. Great jungle, nice mountains, clear streams and beautiful beaches. But most of all, no damned snakes.
The only difference between Hawaii and Guam is that no one thought to get tough about preventing idiots from bringing snakes to Guam.
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I was stationed on Guam too, from '02 through '08. Definitely a beautiful island.
To be fair, it wasn't that the snakes were *permitted*, but rather that the snakes (presumably) stowed away on a ship, and Hawaii only really cracked down after seeing what happened on Guam. While Hawaii has so far escaped the same level of ecological damage, there are still snakes found every year, and it is unknown whether the tree snake has established a colony on one or more of the Hawaiian islands (with the general conse
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But they can use the "power outages" excuse to justify the cost, and possibly even fund the effort. Saving birds from extinction has popular appeal but doesn't have a "return on investment" in the classic economic sense, so it takes much more effort to fund it (volunteers, donations, conservation groups, scientific studies, etc.) But presenting it to the executives as "we'll solve your four million dollar snake problem for only a few thousand dollars" is a no-brainer.
And yes, I know this is being done by
Re:This Failed in NYC (Score:5, Interesting)
It got worse in australia.
Some settler wanted to hunt rabbits because he wanted sports, so he imported and released a few. Sure enough they quickly bred like, well, rabbits. Having no enemies, their numbers overwhelmed the unaccustomed australian outback.
So they imported foxes to eat them. But the foxes quickly discovered native species were slower and easier prey, so now the flora AND fauna was threatened.
So they developed a rabbit cancer called Myxomatosis and unleashed it on australian rabbits. Which made its wayt back to europe, ravaging rabbit populations THERE.
All because some australian dude was bored for some sport.
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On the surface, an Aussie and a redneck might seem to have a lot in common, but when us rednecks get bored for sport, we just go shoot up stop signs, powerline insulators, and the odd cityslicker's cat or fluffdog. When an Aussie gets bored, he casually sets in motion a chain of events that will ravage ecosystems across multiple continents -- then sits back, drinks beer, and watches it all go down.
You gotta hand it to them Aussies, man.
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Actually, Aussies and rednecks are the same people. They're both mainly Scots-Irish and some English who got caught in Britain's debt/colonization system, and sent to the wilderness either as prisoners or colonists. Mainly they were conquered people north of London, either Scotland or nearby, who first took over lands in Ireland when Oliver Cromwell conquered and devastated its tribes, then moved overseas when the British Army did even more devastation there.
As for ecosystem damage, you just don't notice ho
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A woman I worked with who would have been of my parents generation (born in the 1940s or so) told me that in the 1950s she drove from Melbourne to Adelaide and back with her family. Both ways they had to stop every 50 miles so her dad could prise the dead rabbits out of the wheel bays.
From the same time, my dad told me he used to roam the countryside around his aunt's place in Violet Town for days, living on rabbit. They weren't hard to catch. Just chuck a good pocket knife and have your camp fire ready.
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They dropped the gorillas
I guess winter isn't cold enough in Guam, otherwise the Gorillas would simply freeze to death. [wikipedia.org]
"First they came ..." (Score:5, Funny)
"First they came for the snakes,
but I didn't eat because I don't eat Tylenol-laced frozen mice...."
Oh wait, thought this was Y.R.O. ... nevermind.
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Haha, cute, but the mice are dead, and the classic scenario will not apply...
and what about the (black) plague fleas, Mr. Smartypants?
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That's what the genetically modified spiders are for!
Re:I guess they'll die (Score:4, Informative)
Yeah, this is actually a damn smart way to go about it. The mice are dead, and the poison destroys the target's liver, while being metabolized into an almost harmless compound, so that whatever eventually eats the snake is less likely to be poisoned in turn.
Of course, that does not mean that something isn't going to go wrong, but seriously, where would we be, as a race, if we never took risks? At least it looks someone actually thought about this for a second, as opposed to the NYC opossum debacle.
Don't you have to be a saint to do that? (Score:5, Funny)
For a saint...
Or Chinese... (Score:5, Funny)
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And if you happen to be on Guam (Score:5, Funny)
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Then again, it might not.
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Since they're stuffed with acetaminophen / paracetamol / Tylenol (whatever you like to call it)
I prefer APAP, just because it sounds dirty
Acetaminophen (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Acetaminophen (Score:4, Insightful)
I guess all those warnings about how Tylenol can damage your liver are true!
But this will only work if the snakes were drinking the night before!
And Up the Food Chain? (Score:2)
I guess all those warnings about how Tylenol can damage your liver are true!
Once the dead snakes are doped on acetaminophen, don't they face the risk of whatever native species might eat them overdosing on acetaminophen? As I've said before, I steer clear of all that crap [slashdot.org].
Re:And Up the Food Chain? (Score:4, Informative)
Once the dead snakes are doped on acetaminophen, don't they face the risk of whatever native species might eat them overdosing on acetaminophen
Probably not. The snake will die after its liver wears itself out breaking down the Acetaminophen. All that will be left in the snake is a worn-out liver and non-toxic Acetaminophen metabolites.
Arsenic, by contrast, doesn't "break down". It's an element, so it kills you and remains Arsenic. Other poisons would likely behave similarly. My guess is that Tylenol (I'm tired of typing the long word) was chosen *because* it's less likely to perpetuate in the food chain. In fact, I think it would be just about impossible for it to get beyond two layers -- the liver of whatever eats the snake should take care of the excess with no trouble.
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Re:And Up the Food Chain? (Score:5, Insightful)
Probably not. The snake will die after its liver wears itself out breaking down the Acetaminophen. All that will be left in the snake is a worn-out liver and non-toxic Acetaminophen metabolites.
Actually, acetaminophen is not toxic, but one of its metabolites, NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine) is the one that does the damage by depleting the body's supply of glutathione which is a necessary chemical for many liver reactions. The rapid depletion of glutathione causes liver cells to become exposed to damage from free radicals and other, regular body toxins that would normally be metabolized. This is why acetaminophen toxicity is characteristic for causing centri-lobular necrosis - cells closest to the branch of the portal vein (And hence exposed to the highest concentrations of Acetaminophen-->NAPQI) tend to die first, cells further away tend to hang on to greater supplies of glutathione and survive to process the remaining NAPQI.
Since I'm a medical doctor and not a vet I am unaware as to the specific toxicity mechanism in cats and snakes, but it probably also has to do with this toxic NAPQI metabolite.
Insofar as your argument I would venture that the dead snakes would be full of NAPQI, an unhealthy surprise for any critter eating them that was unable to metabolize this chemical.
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Awesomely informative post, thanks!
Insofar as your argument I would venture that the dead snakes would be full of NAPQI, an unhealthy surprise for any critter eating them that was unable to metabolize this chemical.
But does the NAPQI metabolite actually make it into the bloodstream of the scavenger or bird that eats the dead/dying snake? If we (or more accurately, they) are lucky, maybe it gets broken down in the digestive tract before causing any trouble.
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There is a journal article [unl.edu] which discusses the acetaminophen toxicity in snakes and lizards. Apparently there are two theories - glutathione depletion leading to hepatic necrosis as you mentioned, or methemoglobinemia, which is apparently a condition where normal oxygen-carrying hemoglobin is replaced by methemoglobin, which does not carry oxygen and effectively causes death due to cellular oxgyen deprivation (I wonder if this would explain the findings of clear fluid in the lungs/trachea of the snakes/liz
Who says only snakes will eat them? (Score:4, Funny)
Didn't think so.
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And since it will be a day before the mouse thaws out enough to be attractive (and how sticky can the glue be at sub-zero temps - they only tested 250 in individual hand
Re:Acetaminophen (Score:4, Informative)
I guess all those warnings about how Tylenol can damage your liver are true!
Ha Ha only serious. I can't find many decent references in a quick Google search, because all the links are "lolz teh armey is dropping Tylenol mice", but Acetaminophen is quite toxic to many animals, including house cats [placervillevet.com]. It works as a poison by damaging the liver.
For a healthy human, the liver can metabolize a normal dose of Tylenol just fine... but if you combine alcohol, Tylenol, and a drawerful of other Acetaminophen-containing products (cough syrup with pain reliever, sleep aid with pain reliever, cocaine/speed/etc cut with pain reliever, etc), you've got trouble on your hands.
Also, there's the problem of would-be suicides who try to overdose on Tylenol-3, the prescription high-dose version with Codeine added. They generally don't die -- largely because there's a specific antidote that hospitals have to neutralize the Acetaminophen before it overwhelms the liver. Those who are too late for that intervention don't die either, not right away... they end up on the list for a donor liver, and get to spend their final weeks wishing that they'd either found a better way to get attention, or that they'd invested in a shotgun.
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Trust me, I've seen it. You're thinking of attention like "famous person" attention, or something you'd see in a movie. Mundane, everyday clinical depression doesn't work that way -- the need for attention is a subconscious thing, not a purposeful attempt.
Someone who's depressed doesn't say "Oh, I need attention, I'll do something stupid today". It's more like the childhood verse: "Nobody loves me, everybody hates me, I'm going to eat a worm."
That's why OD'ing on Tylenol is a case of "Suicide in haste, r
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Re:Acetaminophen (Score:5, Informative)
You're right about the dangers of tylenol, it's bad especially combined with any other drug/chemical that strains your liver.
However, it's the only painkiller known safe for pregnant women. All the rest of 'em? Not so good!
--PM
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Cannabis is an effective and non-toxic analgesic. Every medicine cabinet should have some cannabis extract for general aches and pains, insomnia, stomach upset, and many other mild ailments.
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Like Mondays?
There....Fixed that for you.
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Re:Acetaminophen (Score:5, Informative)
It's not physically addictive at all, and no more habit-forming than anything else that's fun.
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I get that when I turn off the air conditioner. Does that make cold air addictive?
Re:Acetaminophen (Score:4, Informative)
The withdrawal from marijuana is nothing at all compared to the withdrawal from coffee, or even television. What you incorrectly believe was actually entirely made up by racists in the 1920s, and perpetuated by McCarthyists. To say cannabis incurs no withdrawal whatsoever would be more correct than exaggerating the extremely minor, usually unnoticed, symptoms.
Even Federal Judges at the DEA, reviewing the testimony of experts, have deemed that it is relativey [ccguide.org] harmless, [safeaccessnow.org] and ruled it should be legal.
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What you're saying is that humans can feel strong withdrawal symptoms from anything they might get addicted to, even when it's not a chemical addiction. But, by some miracle, weed happens to be free of all that.
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The fact is that when you quit, most people experience anxiety, extreme agitation, loss of appetite, and even nightmares for several days afterwards.
ROFL, no they don't. Where'd you get that absurd idea? From your local DARE chapter?
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Well, I take it back. There's definitely evidence that truly chronic users (like, regular, daily users) experience some amount of withdrawl after cessation. 'course, when you start to think about it, that makes sense, as you're no longer taking a sleep aid or an appetite stimulant, and so your body reacts accordingly, with insomnia and appetite loss.
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Re:Acetaminophen (Score:5, Interesting)
Who is most people? I've been off and on a heavy pot user for 15 years now, and have never experienced any withdrawal effects at all. My usual m.o. is to get a big bag, smoke it over a period of a month or so, and when it's gone, *shrug*, I'm bored with it by then and I'll probably get another in a few months. Literally every one of my friends who smokes is the same way, in fact the usual impetus for getting more is someone going, "hey, when's the last time we smoked some weed?"
And no, I'm not failing to notice the symptoms. I've had physical dependencies on nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, and vicodin, and I know all too well what a physical dependency feels like. Vicodin? Got a too-long prescription from my doctor, and that was the most physically painful withdrawal I've ever had. Don't recommend it. Coke? Much like cigarettes in that there's little physical pain but a lot of brain twisting that makes you convince yourself to go get more. Caffeine? Easy to slowly ramp down, but if you don't holy shit that's a headache. Nicotine? Still trying to quit that. Such a subtle little rat in your head that whispers to go get more until you think it's your own thought, and if you reject it, it'll scratch and claw in death throes at the inside of your skull as you get hit with a craving where you feel the rest of your life go by without a fix. Now that's an addiction.
But pot? No, I can empirically say that pot is not addictive. If you have an issue quitting pot you have other psychological problems that would have manifested in other ways and if nothing else was available the kind of person who gets "addicted" to pot would get just as addicted to hitting themselves in the head with a rock.
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Such a subtle little rat in your head that whispers to go get more until you think it's your own thought, and if you reject it, it'll scratch and claw in death throes at the inside of your skull as you get hit with a craving where you feel the rest of your life go by without a fix.
Try attaching the craving thought (or feeling or whatever) to a negative thought through a chain, like first imagine what will happen if you do smoke another one: the good feeling, the clear mind, the relaxed impulse. Then imagine finishing the cig, and the chemical effects are starting to wear off, and there is a slight stinky smell remaining, but you still feel ok. Then think of people you know who may have died from cigarettes, then think of ugly pictures you've seen of cancer victims without their throa
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The fact is that when you quit, most people experience anxiety, extreme agitation, loss of appetite, and even nightmares for several days afterwards.
[Citation Needed]
When someone starts a sentence with "The fact is", it's almost always not a fact.
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People are jumping down your throat, but there's an element of truth to what you said. THC withdrawal exists, but it's mild, pretty difficult to induce, and would not be relevant to OTC use. You really have to try hard to consume enough THC to cause habituation. I only ever experienced withdrawal symptoms after smoking pot constantly for weeks on end. Even then it was nothing more than a little irritability and difficulty sleeping for a couple days. These days I still smoke a lot of pot, but only during
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Never mind that it's habit forming as hell.
Um... this is bullshit. Chocolate, caffeine... now these are particularly known to cause extreme physical and psychological dependency in nearly all humans. Cannabis? Not really, not so much. Depends on the person, as most things are habit-forming to the addictive personality, So, yes, nevermind this often repeated yet nonetheless incorrect information. Instead, we can theorize that there would be no United States today if not for the colonial cannabis crop. Or we can talk about how George Washington was ra
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Cannabis is an effective and non-toxic analgesic. Every medicine cabinet should have some cannabis extract for general aches and pains, insomnia, stomach upset, and many other mild ailments.
Many other mild ailments.. uh huh, like boredom? Never mind that it's habit forming as hell. ;) (And also never mind that the GP specifically mentions safety during pregnancy... lol).
Are you implying it's unsafe to use during pregnancy? Cannabis has been used for thousands of years, often as the sole analgesic given to the mother during childbirth. And guess what? It doesn't cause harm to the mother or fetus/baby. Don't take my word for it though - check out this study [aappublications.org]:
A total of 2964 infants was studied. At birth, 44% of the infants tested positive for drugs: 30.5% positive for cocaine, 20.2% for opiate, and 11.4% for cannabinoids. Compared to the drug negative group, a significantly higher percentage (P less than .05) of the drug positive infants had lower weight and smaller head circumference and length at birth and a higher percent of their mothers were single, multigravid, multiparous, and had little to no prenatal care. Within the first 2 years of life, 44 infants died: 26 were drug negative (15.7 deaths per 1000 live births) and 18 were drug positive (13.7 deaths per 1000 live births). The mortality rate among cocaine, opiate, or cannabinoid positive infants were 17.7, 18.4, and 8.9 per 1000 live births, respectively.
I realize that ONE study doesn't mean a whole lot, but those are pretty impressive results. Certainly something that needs to be looked into more. As for me - I use cannabis for everything from a headache to PTSD. Why? Be
Re:Acetaminophen (Score:5, Informative)
It takes >4 grams/day to overdose. It's far from "ridiculously easy". You can have 8 extra-strength Tylenol in a day and still be okay. /pharmicist
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true that. if you need more, you need something stronger than tylenol.
Re:Acetaminophen (Score:5, Informative)
if you drink more 3 drinks a day, the overdose threshold can be as high as 6grams
since contrary to the popular belief, alcohol is actually protective in case of acetaminophen poisoning, since the P450 enzyme favour ethanol to acetaminophen so there is less N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine(the bad metabolite of Tylenol that fuck up your liver) produced, you can read more int he Merck manual [merck.com]
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Thank you.. you made a crazy claim and you realized everyone would call bullshit.. so you included a source... thank you for the source. I wish more people here would include a source.
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Habituation to alcohol most likely creates a increased risk of APAP poisoning.
Acute alcohol ingestion reduces APAP toxicity.
Alcohol habituation "primes the pump" so to speak, for conversion of APAP to toxic metabolites by P450 enzymes. But if you give large amounts of alcohol to someone who has excessive amounts of APAP in their bloodstream, that is what is protective, since the alcohol is preferentially taken up by the P450 enzymes.
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Re:Acetaminophen (Score:5, Informative)
Single dose =/= maximum daily dose. Don't mix and match study types.
Acetaminophen metabolism follows first order kinetics and has a half life of 4-6 hours, depending on how healthy your liver is and how efficient your enzymes are. Taking one single 2.5g dose is probably enough to saturate your enzymes to the point that some damage will be done. However taking 4g divided in 4 doses of 1g every 6 hours will never get you over 2g total blood concentration since your body will be eliminating the drug.
Of course there's an entire other argument about chronic acetaminophen use depleting glutathione/methionine stores over time, but that's an even different story.
And then there's the other argument about chronic alcohol use, people who already have low glutathione stores and induced CYP2E1 cytochromes ready to zap that acetaminphen into NAPQI the minute it enters the liver - but why bore you with pharmacology when you can get your own doctorate?
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Nonetheless major stupid trumps 'easy' most of the time. Acetaminophen overdose (both accidental and intentional) is one of the most common causes of liver failure in the US. (Ethanol for the win).((Ethanol + acetaminophen for bonus points in the Darwin awards)).
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Plus one must remember that the average US citizen no longer weighs 70kg... so actually > 4g.
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> It takes >4 grams/day to overdose. It's far from "ridiculously easy". You can have 8 extra-strength Tylenol in a day and still be okay. /pharmicist
You keep on telling yourself that. Sooner or later you will be seeing my friend the ER doctor.
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I guess if you follow the TV sitcom dose measurement convention of "just take a handful or two."
If you're able to read, do read the bottle, follow instructions and can tell time, you should be just fine. Tylenol was the standard over the counter painkiller when I was a kid and everybody managed to avoid the "ridiculously easy" overdose.
Even the kid who tried to overdose on purpose in high school didn't actually manage to do herself too much damage. A few years after graduation she did manage to find somet
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I'm curious, what's the harmful bogus nonsense?
I'd think you were agreeing with me, that characterizing Tylenol as "ridiculously easy to overdose on" is bogus nonsense, but you're the one who originally posted it!
Isn't there any way to snake-proof the lines? (Score:2)
Rig snake-zappers midway up the poles? :-)
Oblig. Simpsons (Score:5, Funny)
Skinner: No problem. We simply release wave after wave of Chinese needle snakes. They'll wipe out the lizards.
Lisa: But aren't the snakes even worse?
Skinner: Yes, but we're prepared for that. We've lined up a fabulous type of gorilla that thrives on snake meat.
Lisa: But then we're stuck with gorillas!
Skinner: No, that's the beautiful part. When wintertime rolls around, the gorillas simply freeze to death.
Guam will smell great once the mice thaw out (Score:4, Funny)
Now the entire island will smell like rotting mice and snakes... Good Job USDA.
I've had it! (Score:5, Funny)
Won't work (Score:5, Insightful)
Most snakes won't eat carrion. The prey has to be moving to trigger hunting, and then feeding behavior.
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I was wondering about that too. I don't think they'll eat a frozen mouse dangling on a string. We have a constrictor at home that we feed frozen mice - you have to un-freez them and kinda wiggle them around to get her attention. Since they've gone to all this trouble so far, maybe they can implant a little electric motor in each mouse. Perhaps some usability testing might be in order.
Re:Won't work (Score:5, Informative)
It's Guam (average temp 30C). Something the size of a mouse isn't going to stay frozen very long. The mice are attached to streamers so they get caught in the tree tops (where the snakes are) and get moved by air currents. They are testing it now, having already dropped 250 mice.
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Most snakes won't eat carrion. The prey has to be moving to trigger hunting, and then feeding behavior.
I'm seeing disagreement with this, but as a snake owner, I can attest Hatta is essentially correct. Snakes who are raised on dead prey will feed on them, but once a snake is exposed to live prey, they will essentially scorn dead prey unless they are extremely hungry. And the Guam snakes will still have their regular prey available, so I would assume that only a very small percentage of the snakes will consume the frozen mice.
Please, please, please (Score:2)
... tell me the mice will each have their own little biodegradable parachute to help them get stuck up in the trees where the snakes are.
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"Biodegradable" isn't some kind of exotic material property. They're using cardboard.
Non-biodegradability is something that we've engineered into materials we want to persist for a minimum length of time. We just haven't paid quite as much attention to the *maximum* lifespan because once the consumer takes Barbie out of her packaging, the fate of that packaging is so far removed from the manufacturer it is somebody else's problem.
Nothing else eats mice on the island? (Score:2)
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Of course, any cats on Guam would be non-native, and also cause serious disruptions to local wildlife, so its probably a good thing if they get killed off too...
Liver failure is a brutal way to do it though, poor cats....
Nobody (Score:2)
Tell this to Hank Johnson, because now he'll really think that Guam will tip over [youtube.com]...
Remember, you vote for these people.
oblig (Score:2)
acetaminophen!? YOUcetaminophen! oh girl! you have no faith in medicine!
St. Patrick (Score:2)
Legend has it that before trying the whole "standing on a hill, waving a staff and praying a lot" thing, St. Patrick tried bombing Ireland with frozen rodents laced with Tylenol. Sadly, it was quickly discovered that eating these dead mice cured hangovers and the indigenous population got to them before the snakes did, at which point St. Patrick had to resort to miracles. It is not widely known that until quite recently eating various sorts of dead muridae was a folk cure for headaches in Ireland but for so
They should try opossums (Score:3, Insightful)
It worked really well in Brooklyn [slashdot.org].
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Then they can drop smarter dead frozen mice to kill them as well. Er, well, or something like that.
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Oh, good. Another slashdolt who thinks natural solution works by magic.
This ploy doesn't select in favor of "wise" snakes. It selects in favor of snakes that have an aversion to the mice for some reason, which is only meaningful if (1) such snakes exist, and (2) the aversion is not correlated with some other factor that limits breeding, and (3) the aversion is genetic.
It is possible that those three things will turn out to be true. Lacking a field test, I guess we don't know if any snakes have an aversio
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Well, either you're right and it won't work at all; or the team that's actually studied the problem and run tests is right and there's a good chance that any such problem has been overcome. (Can you guess whom I think is more likely to know what they're talking about?)
But the ultimate success or failure of the plan is beside the point. Focus. I was responding to a claim about natural selection. The claim was based on elevation of natural selection to a mystical process that will maek a species survive a
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FTFA:
Initially mice were tested with a variety of 'delivery systems' until researchers with the National Wildlife Researcher Center in Fort Collins, Colorado settled on a streamer attached to cardboard on which the mouse is affixed via glue. This contraption is meant to catch in the tree tops: perfectly positioning itself for hungry brown tree snakes.
Seems like they already figured out the parachute idea.
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Much better than men, easily can get into canopies. Can come home to recharge before going out for more hunting.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvRTALJp8DM [youtube.com]
Aggressive Maneuvers for Autonomous Quadrotor Flight, University of Pennsylvania GRASP Lab
idiot (Score:2)
and as much number 9 or 10 shot shells
Which contain lead. Which will leach into the water table. It's a realistic problem for the quantities you're talking about.
People forget that the simplest solution tends to be the best one. They also forget what a regiment of men with guns can accomplish
And people are also idiots who forget that when a mommy snake and a daddy snake meet by chance in a forest, they have zillions of baby snakes shortly thereafter. Invasive species which are overrunning a habi
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There are a few non-toxic shot types available, such as bismuth and soft iron. Required for all waterfowl in the US, also required for many areas due to wetlands, etc.
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There are also steel and copper pellets.