First Organic Molecules Found on Alien World 146
Galactic_grub writes "The detection of planet HD 189733b is in some ways just another small victory for extra-solar planetary science. It is too hot for there to be anything 'alive'. Just the same, somewhere on the planet are trace amounts of the gas methane. The fact that the element was detected at all offers hope for understanding future discoveries of Earth-like worlds, says NewScientistSpace. Researchers from Caltech and University College London used the Hubble Space Telescope to peer at the planet and examined spectral signature of starlight filtered by the planet's atmosphere, to identify different chemicals. 'The authors suggest that some ill-understood chemical process might be responsible, either concentrating the methane in cooler parts of the atmosphere, or generating extra methane directly. Alternatively, the methane might simply mean that the planet happens to be very rich in carbon.'"
Yet another step closer to my goal (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Yet another step closer to my goal (Score:5, Funny)
why bother? (Score:2)
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Anyone who has actually been with a woman knows that "exactly one" is the correct number of vaginas. Less than that and you end up only being able to have oral and anal sex, and of course those are in much lower supply compared to vaginal coitus so your overall sexual activity will decrease substantially. More than one is just too much work.
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If you talked to your mom, you'd find out exactly how wrong you are.
Son.
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http://tcm.health-info.org/Dermatology/Dermatology%20pages/Sexually%20Transmitted%20Disease.htm [health-info.org]
"Trichomoniasis
A common STD that affects both males and females.
Females may encounter a frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. It also causes irritation and itching of the vaginal area."
Re:Yet another step closer to my goal (Score:5, Funny)
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Re:Yet another step closer to my goal (Score:4, Funny)
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1. You did it in front of them (and a few cameras)
2. You did it in such a way that the "gas" stuck to your face for a week.
3. You violently resisted their efforts to stop you.
Lucky for you, the videos have been censured by youtube for being too obscene, although there are several "reaction shots" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xos1v5A2p94 [youtube.com]
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sooo... (Score:3, Funny)
Re:sooo... (Score:4, Funny)
Worse. We don't detect them unless they do. This explains why the fat guy in the room is the easiest to detect.
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Ah...no! (Score:2)
- The Collector
Duh!
Where are the bean fields? (Score:2)
Methane is not an element (Score:5, Insightful)
Methane is an element? (Score:5, Insightful)
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Nevermind (Score:1, Redundant)
Some people just aren't in their element when it comes to elementary science. Perhaps they're confused by their background in elemental magic.
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What we have here is failure to compound.
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Unfortunately, not a smoking gun... (Score:5, Interesting)
Also, the planet is around 700 degrees Celsius...why are we so sure this completely precludes the possibility of life?
Re:Unfortunately, not a smoking gun... (Score:4, Funny)
Actually, who knows what our planet may look like from a few lightyears afar in, say, a couple of hundred years?
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I know that was probably just a bad joke, but why would it matter? It's still a problem for us, either way.
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And even when that happens, it's still an organic molecule.
"700 degrees Celsius...why are we so sure this completely precludes the possibility of life?"
That may depend on how we define "life". In the sense that life could vary widely from what we know and understand, maybe you're right. Of cousre, if it's not a bit closer to "life as we know it" than that, then we don't know what to look for anyway. Would such life depend on water? Well, not liquid water. I
Re:Unfortunately, not a smoking gun... (Score:5, Insightful)
Slightly tangential, but I never did understand why we primarily evaluated the life supporting capability of a planet based on whether water could be present. We might know tons about terrestrial life, but we know nothing about how life could begin in a different environment. Our earth-centric assumptions may not hold, even though the same laws of chemistry and physics do.
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And that doesn't strike you as a reason "we" are looking for familiar signs? How would you interpret things as life if you don't know how it would work, what it would consume and what produce? We would need to be able to closely inspect the planet to tell if we found life. But if we find familiar conditions, where we know with a high probability that certain reactions won't happen "naturally
Re:Unfortunately, not a smoking gun... (Score:4, Insightful)
You've answered your own question with the second sentence.
See, we don't know how to look for things we can't even fathom. If we look for places with liquid water, we know that "life as we know it" might exist there. All other statements are guess-work.
Looking for forms of "life as we can't even fathom it" is sorta difficult --- you could look at anything, and you say "well, a form of life I can't conceive of might be there, but I have no test or measurement", which is meaningless. Basically, scientists are sticking to what they know and can make statements about, since anything else would be random conjecture and speculation, and have nothing to do with science.
It's not that tough of a concept. Once we know about life forms we've never conceived of, we could expand our search for the conditions which those might thrive in. Until then, we just kinda assume that anything there would have to be a total long shot and beyond what we can know. Since it has no predictive value whatsoever, they ignore it completely.
Cheers
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One reason is that liquid water is an amazing solvent, and there are few other simple substances that would be as likely to form a substrate for life to begin (at least in as far as we understand how such a process might occur).
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characteristic of life (Score:4, Informative)
Now, mind you, even if we have to abandon dreams of Silicate life in extrem hot environment, it does not mean we think life could be identical to what we have on earth.
two reasons, chemically speaking (Score:4, Interesting)
All this has to take place in essentially an isothermal environment. We can't change the temperature of a cell by several hundred degrees to get different reactions to go in different ways, or forward and back. We can't compartmentalize the cell and have different temperatures in different parts so that different reactions are favored.
To get a set of chemical reactions that can be delicately balanced so that very small changes -- e.g. the addition or withholding of an enzyme (catalyst) -- can tip the balance this way and that, nothing is as useful as the hydrogen bond, which is a somewhat like a chemical bond in that it involves sharing a small charged particle between atoms, but in this case the particle is a proton instead of an electron. Since the proton is much larger than the electron, the bond is far weaker, typically. Helpfully, it can easily be broken and made at temperatures where water is a liquid by very small changes in the conditions. Indeed, they're made and broken in liquid water all the time.
You might easily say that life is fundamentally based around the existence of the hydrogen bond, and its ability to be formed and broken easily at certain temperatures. There really isn't anything else like it in chemistry. You couldn't imagine ordinary chemical bonds playing this role at, say, a much higher temperature, because the problem is that all chemical bonds become flexible and easy to make and break at about the same temperature (5000-10000 K). You couldn't have some bonds flexible and some others sturdy. It would be like trying to pour and shape steel with iron tools close to the melting point of iron.
Fortunately for us, because of the peculiar stability of the oxygen nucleus, there is a great deal of oxygen in the universe. Since there is also, naturally, a very large amount of hydrogen, it turns out that water (H2O) is probably the most common heteronuclear neutral molecule in the universe. There's a huge amount of it out there. And water is an ideal basic substrate on which to be building your life based on hydrogen bonds, because of course water is one of the best hydrogen-bonding substances there is. Think of it as the "silicon" in life "microelectronics," the substance that you can dope with other molecules and get all kinds of useful behavior.
It might well be the case that there is some other model for life, one not based on ordinary chemistry -- for example you could have Robert L. Forward's life based on nuclear chemistry, living on neutron stars, with a natural time-scale a billion or more times faster than ours. But no one outside of fantasy has ever proposed a plausible model for it.
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Why not? As long as there is no oxygen around, they'd be fine. Indeed, there was no oxygen around for a lot of Earth's history either... Oxygen's arrival here was as a corrosive pollutant pumped into the atmosphere by short-sighted greedy industria^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^Hplants and microbes.
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Be careful - you mean FREE oxygen, or ELEMENTAL oxygen, but you're not saying it. Oxygen is a vital part of the composition of most biologically active molecules, as is nitrogen, phosphorous, and to a lesser extent sulphur.
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Agree with you there, but if it is in a quantity enough to attribute to microbes in anaerobic conditions it would be interesting to see just what sort of microbes are living on that planet.
Sulfur and hydrothermal vents in the ocean can sust
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Pretty much every single statement about life made by a human being should really have an asterick [sic] saying "Life as we know know it."
That's rather redundant. You've fallen into the same semantic trap that most armchair philosophers do (I'm not calling you one, just saying). Our usage of ANY word for a concept automatically implies the concept "AS WE KNOW IT", and not "as all it could ever be". If and when life that operates on principles other than "as we know them" is discovered, we will then have to decide whether to expand the meaning of the word 'life' to include the new stuff or whether to come up with a new word for it. Do you see
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Mainly because YOU were "wishwashy" about life, not me. You never gave a definition, you just said "Life is what we know". Like you said, the word "life" has a specific meaning, but NOT the rather crappy one you use.
I NEVER attempted to define "life". Please read what I actually wrote. I will attempt to clarify it again: "Life" as currently defined (whatever the definition is :P) can ONLY make sense in the context of what we currently know. It is ABSURD to try to cram every possible meaning into the term just because a science fiction writer had the imagination to dream up a plausible organism that didn't fit into current biological norms. I could then argue that "life" might everywhere, including the interstellar vac
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Methane can be formed by inorganic processes...although how enough of it could be formed to be detectable to us way over here is an intriguing question.
I think it's less a question of how enough of it could form--Titan in our own solar system has 1.6% methane in its atmosphere, and reasonable geochemical processes for the formation have been described by Sushil Atreya (see this article, [space.com] or here [elsevier.com] for the actual journal article, if you have access)--but rather why it can survive in a 700C atmosphere long enough to be observed. (or maybe that just means it's forming really f*cking fast?)
FTA:
"When the temperature is this high, the dominant form of carbon should be carbon monoxide, not methane,"
But then they go on and say "Alternatively, the methane might simpl
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The second best bet for finding life in our solar system is Europa. It would only take a few years to get there. Humans encountering real alien creatures isn't really all that fantastic. Practically everywhere on Earth with liquid water we look we find life. Europa has water under the ice. With large expanses of water there's a fair chance not only for traces microbial life as me might hope to find on Mars, but more complex organisms.
Test of Faith (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Test of Faith (Score:5, Funny)
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Please... (Score:5, Funny)
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Oops... Sorry.
HD 189733b (Score:1)
Misleading (Score:5, Interesting)
The surprising thing here isn't that the astronomers discovered methane on a planet. Heck, Uranus is full of the stuff and other gas giants have it as well.
It's not surprising to find methane on an extrasolar planet. What is different about this is, to QTFA:
"Initially, that is surprising," says Sara Seager of MIT in Cambridge, US, who was not involved in the study. Because HD 189733b orbits very close to its parent star - just 10% of Mercury's distance from the Sun, it is very hot, with atmospheric temperatures of about 700 Celsius. "When the temperature is this high, the dominant form of carbon should be carbon monoxide, not methane," says Seager.
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Methane isn't exclusive to life. It CAN be a byproduct, but as with planets (and moons) in our own solar system, methane isn't exactly a rare substance.
I was wondering what it would cost to build a ship to Uranus and transport a "really big" amount of Methane back here for use as fuel would cost...if it would be profitable given today's technology...
I just don't want to hear "Sir, she's gone from suck to blow" if/when we do it - lol...
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Perhaps it could be shipped to the Moon or the asteroids to be used as fuel or propellant. I am not in a mood to calculate how good that would be.
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Quite.
The printing industry had better take note.
Trees = paper.
People carry around little electronic gadgets and think they are better informed, but if they would only carry around more books and papers too, where the real knowledge still is.
Rather than only OLPC (one laptop per child) how about one se
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As long as you don't burn it or allow bacteria to decompose it, paper is a perfectly safe carbon sink that can even be turned into fuel if, someday, we need more greenhouse gases.
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Does this mean the only other intelligent life out there is cows?
Re:Misleading (Score:4, Funny)
I use tcsh, you insensitive clod!
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Was this a pun?
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Only one? (Score:2)
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Methane = CH4
If there were lower amounts of Oxygen in the planet's atmosphere, possibly Methane might be the more dominant gaseous compound of Carbon?
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The surprising thing here isn't that the astronomers discovered methane on a planet. Heck, Uranus is full of the stuff and other gas giants have it as well.
[insert joke here]
This is a huge step. (Score:2, Offtopic)
What we consider as hot may be normal if beings exist on that planet.
Yes, just like the 1970s Mars experiments led to inconclusive evidence of life on Mars, this too is inconclusive.
If this doesn't speed up Astronomy studies in Europe (USA is a basket case since Bush came to power), then what else will?
As usual this doesn't make front page news anywhere.
Fox starts with a pleasant "Pregnant women as bombers" fear mongering: http://www.foxnew [foxnews.com]
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Gee, maybe because we've seen methane on other planets in our own solar system, and this discovery - while interesting - doesn't even begin to point, specifically, to life elsewhere just yet?
Fox starts with a pleasant "Pregnant women as bombers" fear mongering
Well, let's see. As I write this, the BBC web site is talking about a Russia/Ukraine gas deal, Danish cartoon plotters, and the US election primaries. No mention of alien methane. CNN? Mexican
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TFA (Score:2)
HD 189733b? (Score:1)
Misleading headline (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Misleading headline (Score:5, Informative)
That group of compounds (things like methane, ethane, propane, butane etc.) are all part of organic chemistry, and whether you find them with or without life they are still organic chemistry.
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The headline doesn't say extrasolar.
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Drake Equation (Score:3, Interesting)
R* = The number of stars born each year.
fp = the fraction of those stars which have a planetary system.
ne = the number of "earth-like" planets in a solar system.
fl = the fraction of these planets on which life arises.
fi = the fraction of these life forms that evolve into intelligent civilisations like ours.
fc = the fraction of these civilisations that choose to attempt to communicate across the Galaxy.
L = the average time they have been trying to communicate.
The range of life forms found on Earth in extreme conditions have pushed the "ne" category into much higher ranges. You could make an argument for a lot bodies within our own solar system that have conditions less extreme than those found on Earth where life exists. We have found life in volcanic vents. We have found them in extreme cold areas. All of which really pushes "ne" closer to 1.0. And, solar systems seem to be more the rule than the exception.
Whether this planet can support life as we know it is a different proposition than what it means overall. The Drake Equation is getting pretty close to 1.0 in a lot of categories.
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Missing a factor. (Score:2)
Seriously though,there is a missing factor
fd = fraction of those civilisations communicating in a way that we can detect.
We've been in existence for some 100s of thousands of years, maybe millios of years and we've only had proper radio comms for 60 or so years - a small fraction of that. Its pretty arrogant to think that they'd use radio because that's the best technology we have. If other beings have SETI programs, perhaps they're using
Re:Drake Equation (Score:4, Interesting)
Dude! That's funny.
R* = We have some guesses from a few years of observation, but nothing approaching mathematical certainty.
fp = We just recently learned how to find planets, and the number found is extremely low compared to the number of stars found. It would be silly to try to assert with any certainty what percentage of stars have planets.
ne = Other than Earth, none have been found. No indication that any other will be found has been found. Nearly everything found so far have been gas giants orbiting close to their suns.
fl = Other than Earth, none have been found. No indication that any other will be found has been found.
fi = Other than Earth, none have been found. No indication that any other will be found has been found.
fc = Other than Earth, none have been found. No indication that any other will be found has been found.
L = Other than Earth, none have been found. No indication that any other will be found has been found.
If anything, the Drake equation is still sitting imperceptibly close to 0.
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I hope... (Score:1)
It's not only Methan we have to search... (Score:1)
Could our solar system have had a Hot Jupiter (Score:1)
Carbon? Feh (Score:4, Funny)
Most likely it's because of cows. Space cows.
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