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Books It's funny.  Laugh. Media Science

Ten Strangely Cruel Science Experiments 357

aalobode writes "The Times of London has a current story based on the review of a book by Alex Boase, Elephants on Acid and Other Bizarre Experiments. There they list the top science experiments — including the one from which the book gets its name — that were conducted by otherwise sane humans who tragically or otherwise ignored the effect of their research on the subjects themselves. Nowadays, most institutions have a review board for research on human subjects which would flag most proposals that could lead to harm for the subjects, but not so in the past. 'Another 1960s experiment, in which ten soldiers on a training flight were told by the pilot that the aircraft was disabled, and about to ditch in the ocean. They were then required to fill in insurance forms before the crash -- ostensibly so the Army was not financially liable for any deaths or injuries. They were actually unwitting participants in an experiment: the plane was not crippled at all. It revealed that fear of imminent death indeed causes soldiers to make more mistakes than usual when filling in forms.'"
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Ten Strangely Cruel Science Experiments

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  • by Anonymous Coward
    Nothing beats the lolocaust. Mengele FTW!
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:40PM (#21225287)
    Submissions from kdawson and Zonk. Oh the irony on the last one.

    Fortunately the Geneva Convention made Slashdot fire JonKatz using the Junis fiasco as a reason.
  • 50 years ago today (Score:5, Informative)

    by lecithin ( 745575 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:48PM (#21225343)
    • by 3vi1 ( 544505 )
      How the hell is the parent off-topic? Moderators, please reverse/fix the moderation on that guys post. Metamoderator - please moderate the guys that set it as OT as -5 insane.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by JWW ( 79176 )
      Wait, just above this are a string of comments about the US HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, but THIS post is offtopic?
  • by antifoidulus ( 807088 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:48PM (#21225349) Homepage Journal
    Vista as among the cruelest experiments wrought on unsuspecting test subjects?
    • I don't think they included on going experiments. The study to see how crappy an OS has to be to get large numbers to switch will take a few more years and a few more service packs to reach it's conclusion.
  • by KokorHekkus ( 986906 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:49PM (#21225355)
    I think conducting a study lacking informed consent where they denied syphilis treatment to over 300 people tops those in the list. And this went on until 1972. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Study_of_Untreated_Syphilis_in_the_Negro_Male [wikipedia.org]
    • By in large, the book appears to be highlighting a different problem. Research that merely cruel and has little validity. Most of these did not have a formal control group. Most of these did not have enough subjects to be statistically valid. Most of these conclusions were spurious at best.

      Perhaps the book is written to indicate how much better science is now. How many wonderful controls we have. And of course it would be correct. Except for the Texas A&M biological research lab that was closed

    • My guess is because they were going for a fairly light-hearted story, with a few light gasps and chills, and not trying to get people actually furious. The last thing I'd put the Tuskegee study in is with a bunch of experiements described as wacky. Would you?
    • Looking at the article, I think the summary is mistitled. The article doesn't talk about having the "cruelest" experiments, but simply the wackiest ones. For example, number seven about arousing male turkeys with a model of a female turkey is hardly cruel, and as the parent pointed out many really cruel ones are omitted.

      I was also reminded of another famous experiment, the Milgram experiment [wikipedia.org] where a group of test subjects were instructed to shock other test subjects. The entire setup was false - those said
  • We musn't forget.. (Score:4, Insightful)

    by daniel.waterfield ( 960460 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:50PM (#21225369) Homepage Journal
    That most of our scientific advances were made with experiments that would now be classified as cruel. Particularly psychological, Zimbardo et al, Harlowe et al etc etc. Not suggesting that these are morally fine, but we should be careful about criticizing experiments that have contributed to our understanding. On a different note however, the experiments mentioned don't seem to have contributed an awful lot :P
    • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:23PM (#21225601)

      but we should be careful about criticizing experiments that have contributed to our understanding
      I disagree. Just because an experiment has contributed to our understanding, doesn't mean that it should be above criticism. We miss out on a significant number of learning experiences if we only criticize our failures. We should critically review our successes as well. What did we learn and how did we learn it? How could it have been done differently to get similar results with minimal negative impact? What can we do in the future to continue to make progress while being more sensitive to the effect we have?

      Okay, now I have to go back and critic my post...
    • by ACS Solver ( 1068112 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:28PM (#21225629)
      No way. It's great to get more understanding of the world and of humans. But that's exactly the pretext on which Mengele or Unit 731 operated. The logic was that, since these experiments contribute to our understanding, moral issues could be overlooked.
      • Our electrotechnics/electronics class actually got an assignment from one of our teachers to determine the effects of different voltage/ampèrage combinations, frequencies, etc. for 'the average 25-year old human male'. This 15 minutes after reading the numbers from a book and 10 minutes after a tirade from the teacher explaining that those figures were the result of actual experiments peformed by 'the nazis' and how we, by using those figures, were on some manner of slippery slope because if we use th
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by dondelelcaro ( 81997 )

      We musn't forget... that most of our scientific advances were made with experiments that would now be classified as cruel. Particularly psychological, Zimbardo et al, Harlowe et al etc etc.

      It's not clear at all that these are particularly brilliant scientific advances. Perhaps in the field of psychology the predilection for the use of experiments of questionable ethical basis in the past may bias your perception. The use of unnecessarily cruel experiments certainly isn't common in physics, chemistry, or b

    • by fermion ( 181285 )
      if the results are valid, one might have some legitimacy. It is true, many people will condone many destestable practices, as long as they get valid results. Moreover, some people will condone destestable practices even if they only haphazardly and occasionally get valid results. The problem is people condoning practices that have not gotten valid results, or were not necessary.

      As far as real results gotten from unethical practices, I don't know how widespread they are. It is like saying torture is cr

  • by ciaohound ( 118419 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:51PM (#21225381)
    fear of imminent death indeed causes soldiers to make more mistakes than usual

    Yes, mistakenly shitting one's pants instead of standard-operating-procedure use of latrine.
  • by SeaFox ( 739806 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:57PM (#21225425)

    Another 1960s experiment, in which ten soldiers on a training flight were told by the pilot that the aircraft was disabled, and about to ditch in the ocean. They were then required to fill in insurance forms before the crash -- ostensibly so the Army was not financially liable for any deaths or injuries.

    1) I would assume I had already signed such a waiver when I first enlisted.

    2) What was the Army going to do if they didn't? Suddenly save the plane to avoid any lawsuits?
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by PitaBred ( 632671 )
      You just follow orders in the Army, you don't worry about whether or not it makes sense. That's not your job. Silly civilians...
  • by rpp3po ( 641313 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:57PM (#21225427)
    they made this massive social experiemt about how a poor population, which has a 1000 year long history of ethnic conflict, reacts when you take over their country by military force.
    Until today researchers have found no clear answer as to why the population neglects the truth, that it actually has been fried,äh freed.
  • by ErikTheRed ( 162431 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @01:58PM (#21225431) Homepage
    High-school chemestry, on a geek-pr0n scale:

    20,000 lbs of metallic Sodium being dropped in a lake [google.com].

    Oh yeah baby, you roll those barrels in there!
  • "It revealed that fear of imminent death indeed causes soldiers to make more mistakes than usual when filling in forms."

    I would think that the soldiers made the mistakes willingly to avoid to let the "army not financially liable for any deaths or injuries.". Why the would like to save the Army (instead of their families) if they think tell are going to die?
    • by cp.tar ( 871488 ) <cp.tar.bz2@gmail.com> on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:24PM (#21225607) Journal

      "It revealed that fear of imminent death indeed causes soldiers to make more mistakes than usual when filling in forms."

      I would think that the soldiers made the mistakes willingly to avoid to let the "army not financially liable for any deaths or injuries.". Why the would like to save the Army (instead of their families) if they think tell are going to die?

      Maybe because they are brainwashed?

      From what little army personnel I've known, they've all been pretty brainwashed in the-Army-is-always-right manner.

      My friend, who is almost as near-sighted as I am, was placed in sharpshooters.
      He told the recruiting officer it must have been a mistake, only to hear the answer: "The Army makes no mistakes."
      He then showed him his eye prescription, only to hear: "That must have been a mistake."

      • by tftp ( 111690 )
        It doesn't matter how nearsighted you are. You can be an excellent marksman as long as you wear glasses (or adjust the sight). One can have other vision issues, of course, but inability to focus the eye is not a showstopper here. I am nearsighted, but I can shoot a rifle pretty well (but not a handgun, even though the target is closer.)
        • Re:Bad conclusion? (Score:4, Informative)

          by cp.tar ( 871488 ) <cp.tar.bz2@gmail.com> on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:49PM (#21225765) Journal

          To Croatian army, it does matter.

          We nearsighted ones are considered incapable of serving in the military, which is just as well as far as I'm concerned.

          Though from 2008 on, the army is going pro anyway, so I no longer care at all.

          Anyway, I agree with you as far as marksmanship goes; I wasn't too bad myself when I tried.

          Oh, forgot one more thing: my friend was assigned to sharpshooters because of his psych profile: he's just psychotic enough to be able to kill someone from far away and not care, which is apparently how our sharpshooters are selected.

          • Oh, forgot one more thing: my friend was assigned to sharpshooters because of his psych profile: he's just psychotic enough to be able to kill someone from far away and not care, which is apparently how our sharpshooters are selected.
            Versus killing them in person, the way the rest of soldiers have to do it.
  • Tooth decay (Score:5, Interesting)

    by haeger ( 85819 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:05PM (#21225467)
    How about this nice experiment in the "oh so nice" country of Sweden. Very ethical and everything, exploiting the defenseless.

    Sugar Experiments Of Mental Patients [medicalnewstoday.com].
    In 1947-1949 a group of mental patients in Sweden were used as subjects in a full-scale experiment designed to bring about tooth decay. They were fed copious amounts of candy, and many of them had their teeth completely ruined. But, scientifically speaking, the experiment was a huge success.

    .haeger

    • a group of mental patients in Sweden were used as subjects in a full-scale experiment designed to bring about tooth decay. They were fed copious amounts of candy, and many of them had their teeth completely ruined. But, scientifically speaking, the experiment was a huge success.

      "My names is Toki. I slips in and out of diabetic coma. I wish they made candy-flavored insulin. Whatever."
      - Dethklok guitarist Toki Wartooth

      (It should be noted, however, that Toki is actually Norwegian, not Swedish.)
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:05PM (#21225469)
    Report here [nih.gov]. Select a random group of ignorant African men, circumcise some of them. Give them vague advice on safe sex, then tell them to go out and have sex. See how many of them come back with HIV.

    It was concluded that you're about 50% more likely to catch HIV if you're uncircumcised. I'd say, especially in a society where circumcision is not standard (i.e. not Israel, USA, Philippines, etc.), if you've just had part of your cock lobbed off, you're very likely to change your sexual habits and people are less likely to have sex with you. If you're just given advice and then told to go away, you're more likely to carry on as usual.

    Experimentation on the negro [usrf.org] is not exactly new, of course.
    • I'd say, especially in a society where circumcision is not standard (i.e. not Israel, USA, Philippines, etc.), if you've just had part of your cock lobbed off, you're very likely to change your sexual habits and people are less likely to have sex with you. If you're just given advice and then told to go away, you're more likely to carry on as usual.

      Indeed. I remember having this "research" shoved down my throat in uni by a very zealous professor. Not very useful advice for Africa, but man it made the short, ugly, nasally circumsised students feel real tough.

  • by SinVulture ( 825310 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:07PM (#21225493) Homepage
    When I read that they administered 3000 times the amount of a human dose to an elephant, it got me curious. http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-elephant.html [sandiegozoo.org] It says males can reach up to 15000 lbs, and females 8000 lbs. I assumed that the average male is 180 lbs and the average female is 130 lbs (I know I'm not really being accurate, but I just wanted ball park figures). That means that the average male elephant is about 83.33 times the weight of a human male, and the average female elephant is about 61.54 times the size of a human female. So the administered about thirty-six times what they needed for a relative average male elephant dose. YIKES! Let me know if my math or assumptions were silly, and correct them if you can. I think it's no surprise that the elephant died with that much of an overdose.
    • by GiMP ( 10923 )

      When I read that they administered 3000 times the amount of a human dose to an elephant, it got me curious.

      The question is... compared to the normal dose -when-? The typical human dose of LSD has changed over the decades. A dosage in the 90's would be about 10 times less than one would have taken in the 60's. Thus, if they calculated the elephant's original dosage by 1960's standards, it would be significantly higher than one would calculate on a modern scale. So the question is, is the 3000 times the h

  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:13PM (#21225537)
    In 1960, a guy conducted a psychological experiment where he took identical twin girls from an orphanage and purposefully separated them to different families with the express intent of them having no communication with each other - not even to know they had a sister.

    They both found out after 30 years that they were part of an experiment.

    I can understand that some twins are separated by accident, but how would you feel to know that you missing 30 years of growing up with your sibling because of some experiment?

    http://www.npr.org/blogs/news/2007/10/twins_separated_as_babies_beco_1.html [npr.org]
  • by Crying_Minotaur ( 897617 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:18PM (#21225569) Journal
    http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Top/experiments/P0 [museumofhoaxes.com] This site details some more crazy experiments culled from the same book.
  • Thomas edison (Score:5, Informative)

    by wizardforce ( 1005805 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:19PM (#21225579) Journal
    Thomas edison and the war of the currents. Edison did some very cruel experiments on animals to show that AC was more dangerous than DC. He electrocuted dogs, elephants and even advocated for the use of the electric chair powered specifically by AC current.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_currents [wikipedia.org]
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:21PM (#21225587)
    What about the Milgram Experiment of 1961, in which nearly 2/3rds of subjects were prepared to administer a lethal electrical shock to a partner hidden in another room, just because the scientist conducting the experiment said it was necessary? While no one was actually being shocked, many of the participants who inflicted the fake shocks were emotionally distressed by the ordeal. Derren Brown repeated the experiment in 2006, and obtained essentially the same results. Youtube videos of this are available.

    What about the risks taken by the patients and surgeons who pioneered open heart surgery? A great recount of those gruesome days is provided by the book "King of Hearts", which details the career of Dr. C. Walton Lillehei?
    • by moosesocks ( 264553 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @09:57PM (#21228381) Homepage
      The Milgram experiment wasn't cruel at all, and provided a horrifying view into the human psyche. It was also helpful to understand the behavior of people living under oppressive regimes (eg. the holocaust).

      It's also established the notion that military atrocities are more often more the responsibility of the leadership than those doing the deed. Look at the Abu Ghraib torture incidents if you need any examples.

      So, yes. I'd argue that the Milgram experiment was a very important bit of science. Nobody was actually directly harmed from the experiment (92% of the participants said they were glad to have taken part in it in a survey), and it provided very valuable results (that specifically could be applied to the betterment of society).

      If you want an example of a similar psychological that was actually cruel, read up on the Stanford Prison Experiment [wikipedia.org], in which participants were directly victimized.
  • Jack Barnes (Score:4, Interesting)

    by notjim ( 879031 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:26PM (#21225619)
    My favourite along these lines is Jack Barnes who discovered the extremely poisonous box Irukandji jellyfish (Carukia barnesi): "The jellyfish itself was identified in 1964 by Dr. Jack Barnes; in order to prove it was the cause of Irukandji syndrome, he captured the tiny jelly and stung himself and his son." from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carukia_barnesi [wikipedia.org] They were both hospitalized, as was a life gaurd he also stung to make triply sure.
  • by bagsc ( 254194 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:37PM (#21225691) Journal
    Perhaps more scientifically relevant than the rest, with better anesthesia, but freakish nonetheless:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdJGlYOL0r4 [youtube.com]
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_transplant [wikipedia.org]
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1263758.stm [bbc.co.uk]
    http://www.freetimes.com/stories/14/46/whites-anatomy [freetimes.com]

    In other news, Dr. White was my neurosurgeon once a long time ago. I suspect that's where my extra head came from, but you can never really know.
  • by lymond01 ( 314120 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @02:44PM (#21225737)
    I don't see the experiment concerning running a human through giant laboratory mazes with potentially deadly pitfalls. Armed only with pogo shoes and a trans-dimensional gun, the person is forced to dodge machine gun fire, suffer taunting quips from the AI running the experiments, and even commit fratricide. I will say that the carrot at the end of the stick, the Portal Song [youtube.com], does make the reward outweigh the risk.
  • Irukandji jellyfish (Score:2, Interesting)

    by fdicostanzo ( 14394 )
    How about Dr. Jack Barnes [wikipedia.org] who exposed himself and his son to the venom of the Irukandji jellyfish
  • When I read the second experiment:

    2) Terror in the Skies

    Another 1960s experiment, in which ten soldiers on a training flight were told by the pilot that the aircraft was disabled, and about to ditch in the ocean. They were then required to fill in insurance forms before the crash -- ostensibly so the Army was not financially liable for any deaths or injuries.

    They were actually unwitting participants in an experiment: the plane was not crippled at all. It revealed that fear of imminent death indeed causes soldiers to make more mistakes than usual when filling in forms.

    It immediately reminded me of Stanley Milgram's Experiments [wikipedia.org]. Where the test subjects are 'set up' and are tested on something different than appearances would indicate. They're tested in extreme conditions and caused such a shock at their time that I surely think they should be #1 on this list. I think Milgram started working on a really incredible part of human psychology: the unconscious rules that we live by so that our society can function. The weirdest part of what

  • by rumblin'rabbit ( 711865 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @03:20PM (#21225951) Journal
    I've been running a rather cruel experiment myself for many years.

    I built a news site for software developers and other geeks, which every 12 seconds flashes a message saying "Blow-up dolls are fun!" The goal is to see if I can substantially increase the sales of blow-up dolls world wide through subliminal advertising.

    So far it's been quite a success. The cruel part is that dependency on blow-up dolls seems to dramatically decrease the subject's aptitude when dealing with the (living) opposite sex, but hey, all science exacts a price.

    Blow-up dolls are fun!
    Ignore that.
  • by 0100010001010011 ( 652467 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @03:42PM (#21226077)
    How has the Standford Prison Experiment [prisonexp.org] not been mentioned yet?

    Take a few volunteers pay them $15 a day and split them up into Prisoners and Guards. These are just normal people off the street. The experiment had to be canceled early because of the psychological trauma that the Prisoners were experiencing. And we're not talking 30 days of 60 days in, the experiment was canceled in 6 days.

    Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely
  • by pongo000 ( 97357 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @04:14PM (#21226305)
    The University of Iowa supported research, later dubbed "The Monster Study," that involved teaching young orphans how to stutter [cbsnews.com] in an attempt to prove that stuttering is a learned behavior. While none of the children picked up stuttering, many began to exhibit the same mannerisms as stutterers (low self-esteem, hesitations, etc.)

    The study's main researcher, Wendell Johnson, has a campus building named after him (the Wendell Johnson Speech & Hearing Center [uiowa.edu]). Apparently the Univ. of Iowa still doesn't see anything wrong with conducting research on non-consenting children...
  • by Fantastic Lad ( 198284 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @07:16PM (#21227541)
    In 1918, Alexander James Inglis, Harvard University's first Professor of Secondary Education wrote a book called the "Principals of Secondary Education" in which he made the following recommendations. . .

    1) The adjustive or adaptive function. Schools are to establish fixed habits of reaction to authority. This, of course, precludes critical judgment completely. It also pretty much destroys the idea that useful or interesting material should be taught, because you can't test for reflexive obedience until you know whether you can make kids learn, and do, foolish and boring things.

    2) The integrating function. This might well be called "the conformity function," because its intention is to make children as alike as possible. People who conform are predictable, and this is of great use to those who wish to harness and manipulate a large labor force.

    3) The diagnostic and directive function. School is meant to determine each student's proper social role. This is done by logging evidence mathematically and anecdotally on cumulative records. As in "your permanent record." Yes, you do have one.

    4) The differentiating function. Once their social role has been "diagnosed," children are to be sorted by role and trained only so far as their destination in the social machine merits - and not one step further. So much for making kids their personal best.

    5) The selective function. This refers not to human choice at all but to Darwin's theory of natural selection as applied to what he called "the favored races." In short, the idea is to help things along by consciously attempting to improve the breeding stock. Schools are meant to tag the unfit - with poor grades, remedial placement, and other punishments - clearly enough that their peers will accept them as inferior and effectively bar them from the reproductive sweepstakes. That's what all those little humiliations from first grade onward were intended to do: wash the dirt down the drain.

    6) The propaedeutic function. The societal system implied by these rules will require an elite group of caretakers. To that end, a small fraction of the kids will quietly be taught how to manage this continuing project, how to watch over and control a population deliberately dumbed down and declawed in order that government might proceed unchallenged and corporations might never want for obedient labor.

    I don't know about everybody else, but I was certainly aware that the system was totally broken in an evil kind of way while I was struggling through the middle of it. I just barely managed to crawl across the graduation finish line, having made enemies with several of the staff. I was young, and I could have done much better had I another go at it, but the whole thing seemed monumentally evil at the time. When I came across Ingli'e work, it made a lot more sense.

    But the absolutely most mind-blowing points are covered in this video. [youtube.com]


    -FL

    • But the absolutely most mind-blowing points are covered in this video.

      I should have mentioned that this video is a very slow-starter, but the opening info is important in order to grasp the whole enchilada. --It's well worth watching all six parts. One of the weird points which led the researcher to start investigating was a test her son told her about having written in school. She asked him what some of the questions on it were, and found them odd enough that she decided to ask the principal to see the
  • Not that cruel (Score:3, Insightful)

    by moosesocks ( 264553 ) on Saturday November 03, 2007 @10:06PM (#21228457) Homepage
    Although many of the items on the list are indeed cruel and necessary, there are some that aren't really...

    Take the guy who tried to infect himself with Yellow Fever in every way imaginable to prove that it wasn't contagious. He was so sure of his hypothesis, that he was willing to risk his own life to prove it.

    As long as he's inflicting it upon himself, there's nothing terribly cruel about it

    And of course, doing so did provide an important contribution to the development of modern medicine.

    Why not put the Stanford Prison Experiment [wikipedia.org] on the list instead.

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