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Space Science

Strange Alien World Made of "Hot Ice" 216

David Shiga writes "The smallest planet ever seen passing in front of its parent star is a strange world of scorching hot ice, astronomers say. The 22-Earth-mass planet has been known since 2004, but recent observations of it passing in front of its parent star have allowed them to learn much more about it. It appears to be made mostly of water, but not in liquid form. The planet orbits so close to its parent star that its surface is a broiling 300 C, keeping any water there in vapor form. Beneath the atmosphere, the water is even hotter, but is at such high pressure because of the planet's large mass that it stays in a solid, "hot ice" form."
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Strange Alien World Made of "Hot Ice"

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  • Interesting. (Score:5, Interesting)

    by jshriverWVU ( 810740 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:48PM (#19147341)
    Kinda OT, but wonder if hot ice can be made on earth in a controlled environment.
    • Re:Interesting. (Score:5, Interesting)

      by UbuntuDupe ( 970646 ) * on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:50PM (#19147381) Journal
      Since it's just a matter of increasing the pressure, yes, but don't think you can just reach inside the pressurized chamber and touch it.

      Side note: this is vindication for all the times people riduculed me for responding to claims about water's boiling/melting point with "Wait -- what pressure are we talking about here?"
      • by Anonymous Coward
        Okay, we have heard that you can be in either:
                1. Hot water, or,
                2. on thin ice ,
        But what should humanity make of being on or in HOT ICE?
         
        NASA, please provide us with an answer. A solution to this dilemma cannot wait.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by drasfr ( 219085 )
        I bet to raise a few questions here on we can't touch it.

        Ice/Solid water as we know it under 1 atmosphere is formed at 0C/32F...

        Let's say that under 300 atmospheres, Ice/solid water can be formed at 100C/212F

        Why can't we have have Ice/Solid water at 30C/86F under atmospheres where is somewhere between 1 and 300? assuming the 300 hypothesis for solid at 100C/212F?

        That would allow touching it... assuming the pressure isn't too much... or maybe, that would happen if we suddently release the pressure? from 30
        • by bkr1_2k ( 237627 )
          If you had enough pressure to keep it solid at 30C you'd probably crush your hand if you could put it in the chamber. If you released the pressure suddenly, odds are the reaction would be violent, sending boiling water and steam everywhere quickly until the system equalized.

          Think of what happens if you create a pinhole in the barrier between two drastically different pressure systems and you'll have something similar to what would happen.
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          by AJWM ( 19027 )
          FYI, the pressure at the bottom of the Marianas Trench is something over 1000 atm. The temperature is pretty cold -- a few degrees C. The water isn't solid.

          We're talking much higher pressures here, the kind that forms diamonds.
          • by Amouth ( 879122 )
            your also talking about moving water..

            moving water doesn't freeze

            also it isn't water it is water with alot of other things in it .. mainly alot of salt.. which lowers the required temp even more

            that and it's moving
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            by eclectus ( 209883 )
            The water at the bottom of the marianna's trench is very close to freezing, but in this case, the pressure is actually what keeps if from freezing. Water has a strange property where the liquid form can (at certain temp/pressures) have a greater density than the solid form (ice). This is why ice floats, and also what makes ice skates work (the pressure of the skate turns the top layer of ice into a thin film of water. If you compress ice at 0 degrees celsius it will turn into water, while compressing wat
        • 300 atmospheres is far too little pressure for the interesting forms of ice. To get the neat stuff, you need to be working with a couple hundred MPa, up to around 70 GPa. We're talking about 2000 atmospheres up to 7E5 atmospheres.

          That being said, I have no idea what happens when you take the pressure off. But I imagine it would be pretty cool to see... ...as long as you weren't too close.
      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        Actually, if you put water in a vacuum, it will start to boil, due to the decrease in pressure. Once near a full vacuum, the water will actually boil into ice, forming "hot" room temperature ice.
    • Re:Interesting. (Score:4, Informative)

      by someone1234 ( 830754 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:51PM (#19147395)
      Yes, iirc it was already done. See Sandia Z machine.
    • Re:Interesting. (Score:5, Informative)

      by Control Group ( 105494 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:52PM (#19147411) Homepage
      Short answer: yes [arstechnica.com].

      Longer answer as gleaned from the link above if people don't want to bother clicking: yes; the Z-machine at Sandia is able (at least) to form Ice VII [wikipedia.org].
    • by __aaclcg7560 ( 824291 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:13PM (#19147731)
      That item [chattem.com] is available at your local drug store. ;)
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      Cool!

      Plenty of you might might have seen this, but for those of you who haven't: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pfwY2TNehw [youtube.com]

      Cheers
      Dan
      Confidence With Women [themodernman.com]
    • by vought ( 160908 )
      Kinda OT, but wonder if hot ice can be made on earth in a controlled environment.


      Of course it can. Professor Hoenikker showed this very easily with Ice-nine.
    • CO2/Methane in the ocean depths? It is under enough pressure that it is turned to ice. That is what W. and his team are hoping to mine shortly (and trade all the methane with CO2).
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by malvidin ( 951569 )
      At high temperatures and pressures necessary for supercritical water, it becomes too corrosive to be held in most materials. If I recall correctly, you need tungsten for the walls, and either diamond or corundum (sapphire) for any windows, and corundum needs to replaced periodically because it is corroded slowly.

      I don't know of any techniques that will increase the temperature and pressure capacity of that apparatus.
  • Hot Ice (Score:5, Funny)

    by MillionthMonkey ( 240664 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:51PM (#19147385)
    The inside of this planet is a solid core of vanilla ice cream at tremendous temperature and pressure. Although heated above its normal melting point, it is kept in a frozen solid state by the sheer mass of molten hot chocolate lying on top of it.
  • by jimstapleton ( 999106 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:51PM (#19147393) Journal
    We're doomed!
    • Joe Satriani [www.last.fm] is coming to kill us ?

      I always suspected he was a maniacal killer in disguise!
    • We're safe as long as they don't retrieve any samples.
  • If the pressure is keeping it solid, would it also keep it from forming the crystal structure that makes ice less dense than water? Normally, pressure (say, from an ice skate) turns ice briefly into liquid water.

    I think, anyway... This is going back to my last chemistry class in 1994.
    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by HetMes ( 1074585 )
      This has been proven to be false. Being able to skate on ice has something to do with the upper crystal layer being of unique structure. No links, just Google it.
    • No, it wouldn't [wikipedia.org].

      Of the fourteen types of water ice, only one (Ice Ih, which is also the form that is commonly found on Earth, though Ice Ic can occasionally be found in the upper atmosphere) is less dense than the liquid form. The others form at various temperatures and pressures, and are, in that their density is greater than liquid water, more normal than "common" ice.
      • Sorry for the double post, but it occurs to me that I misinterpreted your question. If you mean, would the pressure prevent the ice from forming the specific crystal structure that makes ice less dense than water, the answer is yes. But then, so would the ambient temperature.

        The pressure will not prevent the ice from forming a crystal structure (it will, in fact, cause the formation of such a structure), but that structure will be more dense than liquid water.

        The latter is the answer to the question I thoug
        • My instinct was that the pressure would force water into its densest possible form, and that wouldn't be the kind of ice we're familiar with here on earth. Yes, you answered that, thanks.
  • by us7892 ( 655683 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:54PM (#19147453) Homepage
    Life can exist in that environment. It does here on Earth.

    http://science.enotes.com/earth-science/geothermal -deep-ocean-vents [enotes.com]
  • Not ice (Score:3, Informative)

    by markov_chain ( 202465 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @12:56PM (#19147479)
    The solid/liquid phase transition line for water moves toward lower temperatures as pressure goes up, so ice shouldn't be able to form at 300C regardless of pressure. Other than the title there is no mention of this "hot ice." The relevant quote mentions something more reasonable, namely, the supercritical fluid phase:

    and it is not even clear if any of the water could be in liquid form, although deep inside where the pressure goes up, there could be a region where the water is in a quasi-liquid state. "It could pass through a strange region where it's not quite solid and not quite liquid," she says.
    • Re:Not ice (Score:5, Informative)

      by jimstapleton ( 999106 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:03PM (#19147579) Journal
      I belive that is only applicable for Ice I[h] (normal ice). One property for such phase transition diagrams is that the solid is less dense than the liquid, rather than the reverse being true. There are several crystaline (and possibly non-crystaline?) forms of ice, which are more dense than water at the same pressure. These types of ice wouldn't match that phase diagram and could exist.
    • Re:Not ice (Score:4, Informative)

      by loafula ( 1080631 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:05PM (#19147607)
      there are actually 14 different types of solid water. my guess is they're talking about Amorphous ice ..wikipedia [wikipedia.org]. Also, I believe the 300C temperature is that of the water vapour in the atmosphere.
      • there are actually 14 different types of solid water

        And the Eskimos have names for all of them?
    • Isn't not quite solid not quite liquid known as Jelly/Jello/Gel?
    • Maybe you should read the category labeled Exotic ice in the article..


      But the high pressures in the planet's interior would compress the water so much that it would stay solid even at hundreds of degrees Celsius - the expected temperatures inside the planet. There are a variety of exotic 'hot ice' states possible in such conditions, with names like 'Ice VII' and 'Ice X'.
  • I always wondered where deep-fried ice-cream came from.
  • Oh shi... (Score:5, Funny)

    by ebingo ( 533762 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:10PM (#19147685)
    Must be hell frozen!
  • this just in, the makers of Icy Hot sue the rogue planet for DMCA copyright infringement via slashdot's digital summary of the material known as 'hot ice'.
  • by hal2814 ( 725639 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:19PM (#19147847)
    Finally, the "Hot Hail" in Flash Gordon makes sense. Ming was just showering us with some hot ice!
  • by Progman3K ( 515744 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:31PM (#19147979)
    What I mean is that we know hydrogen is the most plentiful element in the universe, and that supernovas and previous-generation stars have been producing heavier elements (like oxygen) for a few billion years now, yet we are still surprised to find water everywhere.

    I think it is obvious that we WILL find water everywhere...
  • The critical point of water is at 647 K (374 C) and 22.1 MPa. This means that a temperature of 300 C is actually subcritical. No matter how high the pressure gets, water will NOT come in the supercritcal area of its phase diagram for that temperature. Moreover, due to the fact that water molecules form hydrogen bonds (this is why the density of ice is lower than the one of liquid water), the melting line of water goes towards lower temperatures with increasing pressure. Therefore, water at 300 C is liquid.
  • Ice Polymorphism (Score:5, Informative)

    by Jabba_the_Butt ( 312104 ) <stevemaglio@li v e . c om> on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:40PM (#19148125) Homepage
    A fantastic H2O Phase Diagram can be found here (http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/phase.html). At 300C (573 K) you can have ice; you just need a lot of pressure. That kind of pressure is in the several gigapascal range (x10^9 Pa, 1 GPa145,000 psi). Any ice that has a designation (e.g. Ice I, Ice Ih, Ice II, III, V, VII, X, etc.) has a set crystal structure. As you can see on the phase diagram you can have ice at very high temperatures if you have enough pressure. What is present on the planet mentioned in the article is strictly dependent on the pressure and temperature conditions there, which we do not really know.
  • I have got to call the prom queen from highschool, because apparantly hell *CAN* freeze over.
  • Gives me a new perception of 'Hell is frozen over!'.
  • by TheRealMindChild ( 743925 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @01:55PM (#19148337) Homepage Journal
    Correct me if I am wrong, please. When water molecules turn to ice as we know it, it becomes a hexagon structure of linked molecules. My impression is that water, under high pressure, while "solid", wouldn't form this structure. Could we really then call it "Ice"?
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Yes, we can. [wikipedia.org]

      In fact, there are two types of ice that occur naturally on this planet, traditional hexagonal ice (Ice Ih) and ice with a cubic lattice (Ice Ic (I'll avoid the too-obvious "Ice Ic, baby" joke, here. You're welcome)).

      According to that Wikipedia page, there are 14 different forms of ice which occur at varying temperatures and pressures. "Common" ice, Ice Ih, is, in fact, the odd one out in some respects - for example, it's the only one that is less dense than liquid water.
  • by suv4x4 ( 956391 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @02:02PM (#19148421)
    Jack: Here's the new material "New planet made of vapour under pressure".

    Chief: Damn it, that sounds dry. We need to get Bob, our marketing-slash-copywriter-slash-pr guy fix it a little.

    Jack: But it...

    Bob: Yep, ok.. Lemme think, vapour under pressure, how much pressure? So much that it's the same density as hard material

    Jack: Lots of pressure, but to be hard it...

    Bob: Good enough for me. So it's kinda like ice, isn't it.. "New planet made of hard vapour", wait.. I got it "New planet made of hot ice"!

    Chief: Amazing!

    Jack: It's totally not "ice" dude...

    Bob: Whatever.. but it's still too pedestrian, "new planet". We gotta hint there's something more interesting on there, "alien planet", right.. "alien world". Sounds more epic. "Alien world made of hot ice!".

    Chief: Perfect! We want to stress how odd all of this is. You know, not your run-of-the-mill hot ice planet though. Put "strange" in front, strange stuff is interesting.

    Bob: "Strange alien world made of hot ice!"

    Chief: Perfect!!! Start the presses.

    Jack: Sigh...
    • While amusing, your post is fairly inaccurate. "Hot ice" is a perfectly accurate description of the substance. Or at least, so says Wikipedia. [wikipedia.org] And, if you're not down with the Wiki, arstechnica [arstechnica.com] indicates that Nature also considers "hot ice" a legitimate term.
  • by GodfatherofSoul ( 174979 ) on Wednesday May 16, 2007 @02:03PM (#19148443)
    This reminds me of an "experiment" I did when I was 4 or 5. My mom would always tell me to use cold water when filling the ice tray. One day I decided to make hot ice by using hot water. Alas, I failed but it's good to know I was on to something!
  • Vonnegut wrote about Ice-nine [wikipedia.org] in Cat's Cradle.

    Oh, that was fictional??
  • The 22-Earth-mass planet
    I'm not familiar with that unit, could I get that in empire states or blue whales?
  • What is the pressure we are talking about here? 10000 atm? 100000 atm?
  • Hot ice, eh? Betcha it would go good in a spicy Bloody Mary.
  • "scorching hot ice"

    This is just scientists making educated guesses with little information. I say we start sending probes out to get detailed information about what's there.
  • That there's water on another planet? And as such nearly proves that there is water on other planets, and possibly some are temperate enough to support life?

I have hardly ever known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning. -- Plato

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