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Science News

Failing Ocean Current Raises Fears of Mini Ice Age 568

Designadrug writes "This article from Newscientist paints a picture of a major climate control mechanism teetering on the brink: "The ocean current that gives western Europe its relatively balmy climate is stuttering, raising fears that it might fail entirely and plunge the continent into a mini ice age. The dramatic finding comes from a study of ocean circulation in the North Atlantic, which found a 30% reduction in the warm currents that carry water north from the Gulf Stream.""
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Failing Ocean Current Raises Fears of Mini Ice Age

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  • by phoenix.bam! ( 642635 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:34PM (#14153463)
    But the earth isn't supposed to regulate itself! We're making it hotter! OH NOES!!!1 Seriously, who wouldn't expect something like this to happen. The temperature differential that drives that current has shrunk slightly and therefore as lost some momentum. Then Europe gets cold for a while, things even out, and everyone is happy. Except 50 cent. because his game is stupid.
    • Re:Global Warming! (Score:5, Informative)

      by Coryoth ( 254751 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:51PM (#14153614) Homepage Journal
      The temperature differential that drives that current has shrunk slightly and therefore as lost some momentum. Then Europe gets cold for a while, things even out, and everyone is happy.

      Not really. Europe, and North America get colder yes (and to be honest I'm not all that happy about that, living in Canada at the moment), but the rest of the trapped heat from global warming doesn't magically vanish, it simply gets pushed elsewhere - so think more more heat (and droughts) for Africa, more energy in the Carribean to help power hurricanes etc.

      This is why the term "global climate change" is preferred these days. While there is "global warming" in that there is more energy trapped and retained in the system, that doesn't mean it's going to be evenly distributed as warming, it just means more energy in the system which can result in more dramatic swings and changes in climate.

      Jedidiah.
      • Re:Global Warming! (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Shihar ( 153932 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @11:32PM (#14153850)
        I am curious if there is a technological solution to the problem. Granted, mucking around in big natural system is always more then a little risky, but if there is a serious problem, I couldn't think of a better place for it then the North Atlantic. Surrounding the North Atlantic are the richest and most technologically advanced nations in the world. If anyone can scrape up some money for some grand technological solution, I imagine the US and EU are the two entities to do it.

        Certainly it would be nice to simply halt climate change by altering the amount of green house gases being released, but there is no guarantee that we can change fast enough to have any noticeable effect. There also isn't any guarantee that we haven't already slipped over some equilibrium point and are accelerating to a new one regardless of green house gas levels.

        Personally, I am curious why we don't look for more grand scale technological solutions to environmental problems. We have certainly proven that we can very effectively destroy the ozone with just a little CFCs. We know how to increase global warming. Why in the hell hasn't anyone found a chemical that promotes ozone expansion or reduces global warming?
        • Re:Global Warming! (Score:4, Interesting)

          by Coryoth ( 254751 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @11:53PM (#14154006) Homepage Journal
          Personally, I am curious why we don't look for more grand scale technological solutions to environmental problems. We have certainly proven that we can very effectively destroy the ozone with just a little CFCs. We know how to increase global warming. Why in the hell hasn't anyone found a chemical that promotes ozone expansion or reduces global warming?

          Well there is plenty of work being done, you just have to know what to look for. Here's some Wikipedia information [wikipedia.org] on various schemes at artificial carbon sequestration - basically just getting the carbon out of the atmosphere and locking it up somewhere.

          As to mitigation with regard to a stalling north Atlantic conveyor - the cause, according to the models that predict such a thing, is lowered salinity of water in the north Atlantic, which means lowered density which means it doesn't sink when it should, and hence the system stalls. The obvious ways to "correct" that are to increase the salinity by removing fresh water, or by adding salt, or some combination thereof. Doing such a thing would be a huge and expensive exercise, but depending on how badly tthings stall and how bad the weather gets, it may well be worthwhile. I expect that there are people working the numbers for various schemes along those lines.

          Jedidiah.
          • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Insightful)

            by ccmay ( 116316 )
            The obvious ways to "correct" that are to increase the salinity by removing fresh water, or by adding salt, or some combination thereof. Doing such a thing would be a huge and expensive exercise, but depending on how badly tthings stall and how bad the weather gets, it may well be worthwhile. I expect that there are people working the numbers for various schemes along those lines.

            Just off the top of my head, I would estimate that all the energy ever released by human activity, from the first cave man's fi

            • Re:Global Warming! (Score:4, Informative)

              by Yartrebo ( 690383 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @03:17PM (#14160166)
              You are right that the direct energy of combustion would have only minimal effects (though we have used enough energy to seperate the fresh from the bracking water, if we were able to concentrate all the energy across time and space of human history into the North Atlantic in a single moment). All known oil reserves only add up to about 1 day's worth of sunlight.

              However, greenhouse gases work by trapping natural heat, not through the energy of combustion. They work much like a catalyst, not getting used up in the process. Much like a blanket or a greenhouse is not consumed in keeping things warm, greenhouse gases do not get consumed in the process of warming Earth. The gas equivalent of a millimetre-thick dry-ice blanket around the Earth is about all it takes to cause substantial global warming. If you do the math, you'll find that the amount of CO2 we've spewed is several times larger than enough to account for the warming observed, and in fact, scientists are curious as to why there hasn't been more warming that has been observed. (current theories are that the ocean is acting as a buffer, both for CO2 and as a thermal buffer).
        • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Informative)

          by shmlco ( 594907 )
          At one point in time (1975) we were told we should consider spreading soot all over the artic to increase heat retention. This "technological" fix was designed to decrease the dangers of "global cooling".

          http://www.thenewamerican.com/tna/1997/vo13no25/vo 13no25_alarmism.htm [thenewamerican.com]

          Perhaps, should we enter a new ice age, the northern countries will want to reconsider this idea...

          • Re:Global Warming! (Score:4, Interesting)

            by Anne Thwacks ( 531696 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @04:16AM (#14155189)
            Those of us that are older will rmember that before the 1950's we actually DID spread soot EVERYWHERE. This was done by burning coal in open hearths.

            It lead to global acid rain, and a hell of a lot of deaths. We could also skate on reiers in England in the winder, which we have not been able to do since.

            It looks to me like the whole matter is a lot more complex than some people think.

            Dont forget, the gulf stream, and its return path, don't only take heat from the carribean to the UK, removing it from hurricanes in New Orleans, but also return cold water at the bottom of the Atlantic, and ech of these effects is in its own positive feedback loop, so the combined effect is magnified many-fold.

            While "the day after tomorrow" showed it happening much faster than it is likely to, the effects may well be as profound. Fortunately, I have some nice warm winder clothes for sale, see e-bay :-)

        • by nido ( 102070 )
          I am curious if there is a technological solution to the problem.

          Some people say that the real "global warming" problem has to do with increased energy output from the sun. Good luck stoping that one.

          Since there's nothing I can do to prevent the change tha

          • by killjoe ( 766577 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @04:00AM (#14155147)
            "Some people say that the real "global warming" problem has to do with increased energy output from the sun. Good luck stoping that one."

            Some people say the universe is three thousand years old. Some people say people from Pleadies visit the eath in their beamships. Some people say ancient warriors speak through them.

            Some people say a lot of weird things. I don't listen to them. I listen to people who have spent their entire lives studying and methodically researching something using strict scientific methods and extensive peer review. Those people are more likely to be right.

          • The ride gets bumpier from here on out, until about 2011 or 2012, which is the end of a cycle in the Mayan calendar. As I understand it, their calendar cycles back to zero on December 21, 2012. (The universe has an "overflow bug" too! :)

            Well, actually it's the Mayan calendar that has the bug. The designers of the Mayan calendar probably figured that their product would no longer be in use by the time it became a problem. At least they had the good sense to put their bug far enough into the future

        • Personally, I am curious why we don't look for more grand scale technological solutions to environmental problems.

          How about this:

          Russian Scientist Suggests Burning Sulfur in Stratosphere to Fight Global Warming [mosnews.com]

          Just to give you a quantitative perspective, the amount of sulfur he is proposing to burn is abou half of this little stockpile:

          http://www.cuug.ab.ca/kmcclary/sulfur/ [cuug.ab.ca]
        • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Insightful)

          by IPFreely ( 47576 )
          I see a lot of people looking at the climate change just from the point of view of "can it be stopped or reversed?". While that is certainly important, it should not be the only topic of conversation. If we have slipped over the equilibrium, then no amount of effort there is likely to help.

          I would like to see more study and effort on the are of how to live with it. We have lots of population resources right along the sea at sealevel. Should we move as much of it as we can upland a little? Many of the clima

    • Re:Global Warming! (Score:5, Informative)

      by ndogg ( 158021 ) <the.rhorn@NoSPAm.gmail.com> on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:57PM (#14153658) Homepage Journal
      Global warming is a bit of a misleading name. Yes, the average temperature of the planet will go up, but that does not mean all places on the planet will increase in temperature. Before this, many scientists speculated that global warming would result in far colder, harsher winters for the United Kingdom.

      The one thing about global warming that people must understand is that it will throw all the climate regions into chaos, and change them, which will change the local fauna and flora.
      • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Interesting)

        by toddhunter ( 659837 )
        The one thing about global warming that people must understand is that it will throw all the climate regions into chaos, and change them, which will change the local fauna and flora.
        Change? Yes, but will it be better or worse? Will the effect be a bad one or a good one overall for the fauna and flora. This is what we really don't know or understand.
        • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Informative)

          by Dasher42 ( 514179 )
          Considering how many coral reefs will die from temperature changes, or the dependencies of co-evolved species especially plants and migratory insects, and other such things, I would contend that we know more than enough to conclude it will be much worse for the biosphere.
        • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Insightful)

          by bcattwoo ( 737354 )
          Yes, but will it be better or worse? Will the effect be a bad one or a good one overall for the fauna and flora. This is what we really don't know or understand.

          I think it is safe to say that for some species it will be worse while for some it will be better. Some species will find their native climate expanded, some will find it diminshed or non-existant, some will find it shifted geographically. Some mobile species will be able to move and adapt. Others that are less mobile or less quick to spread wi

    • by Oarsman ( 87375 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @11:36PM (#14153872)
      Of course the earth is self-regulating. See:

      1. Humans cause global warming.
      2. Earth's ice caps melt
      3. Oceans rise & current flow stops.
      4. World cools.
      5. Ice caps grow.
      6. Ice caps kick human's ass
      7. No more humans = no more global warming. Problem solved.
      8. Ice caps go back to normal.

      See? Makes sense to me.
      • Re:Global Warming! (Score:3, Insightful)

        by Dr. Eggman ( 932300 )
        Although your point is well taken that humans are part of earth as well, I do think it would take more than a little ice age to end us. We managed to survive in Ice Age eras before, we can atleast by duplicating that success even if it may cost us the temporary 'hibernation' of high technology society. We'd make it through and eventually rebuild and do it all overagain. With modern technology, I think we'll do rather well. If we can keep men in space for years at a time, inhabit Antartica for periods, I don
  • ... but as always, scientists require PROOF before saying anything loud enough to be heard. How would you recommend getting more warm water? Maybe if you dump a bunch of X-Box 360's into the current, it'll heat right up again.
  • by tivoKlr ( 659818 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:36PM (#14153475) Journal
    So will a new ice age in Europe bring even better snow to European ski areas? Imagine skiing on mountains (instead of glaciers) year round!!

    Thank you ocean currents!

  • Bring warm water in (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Barkley44 ( 919010 )
    They could always create some device to push warmer water in to suppliment the lack of warm currents I assume....
    • by ToasterofDOOM ( 878240 ) <d.murphy.davis@gmail.com> on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:50PM (#14153601)
      You can't make anything that would work on that massive a scale without spending as much money as would be lost if South America suddenly vanished. Nature is much bigger and more powerful than us and is totally beyond our control through methods like that.
      • Nature is much bigger and more powerful than us and is totally beyond our control through methods like that.

        Except the problem may have been caused by our activities, so the idea we can generate focused activity to alter something we set into motion isn't that far off?

  • FUD? (Score:2, Funny)

    by sammykrupa ( 828537 )
    Wait,

    First Microsoft, now scientists? Noooooooooooo!
  • by ReformedExCon ( 897248 ) <reformed.excon@gmail.com> on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:37PM (#14153490)
    If the current is pulling all that energy from the warm waters up north and dissipating it in the process, what will happen to all the excess warmth if the current stops? Will it find another way to go? Maybe create a new current or even restart the same current again? That heat has to go somewhere, it is water after all.
    • by Rooked_One ( 591287 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:54PM (#14153637) Journal
      if you look at the globe, it would be a warm spot in the middle of the atlantic... I'm not sure what this would do, but since it would be continually pushed, it would mostlikely split off at a fork... making Mauritania and Algeria even warmer and probably creating a SUBER UBER JUNGLE (forgive me) and probably warming up the caribbean as well as lots of hurricanes.... we'll probably have to start using chinese symbols or something after we run out of our symbols
    • by Coryoth ( 254751 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @11:01PM (#14153681) Homepage Journal
      If the current is pulling all that energy from the warm waters up north and dissipating it in the process, what will happen to all the excess warmth if the current stops? Will it find another way to go? Maybe create a new current or even restart the same current again? That heat has to go somewhere, it is water after all.

      Well the current that pushes northward occurs due to the conveyor effect that occurs when the water reaches up north, cools, sinks, and flows back as cold water much deeper. In general the current just circles around the equatorial Atlantic [bbc.co.uk], and only a portion branches north due to said conveyor. If the conveyor effect stalls the most likely outcome is simply more and warmer water circulating in the equatorial Atlantic. That, of course, is going to have significant impacts on climate in Africa and central and South America. Potentially a lot of the energy may end up providing more power for hurricanes out in the Atlantic. What exactly will happen is unclear, but I think its safe to say that assuming everything will magically right itself is betting on the long shot - there's really no evidence for such a thing. The most likely outcome is simply a lot warmer and more energetic weather for Africa and South and Central America.

      Jedidiah.
    • I'm not climate expert, but wouldn't that extra energy be dissipated through--yep, you guessed it--more hurricanes in the tropics? I also heard something to the effect that during seasons of increased hurricanes, there is usually correspondingly colder winter weather. Wonder if there is a connection to that trend.
    • what will happen to all the excess warmth

      It turns into hurricanes in New Orleans, and Tornados in Texas. I am surprised you haven't noticed already.

      More specifically, for hurricanes to occur, the surface of the sea has to be hotter than 30C (maybe its 32, I forget). This is a BINARY SPLIT - over Tcrit you get a hurricane, under Tcrit you don't. Thus a good solid one degree hotter, and there won't be time between hurricanes to rebuild NO.

      And don't forget Tsunamis. The media are going round saying "it was

  • by ScaryMonkey ( 886119 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:37PM (#14153491)
    ...is the "price" of air pollution, well, you'll pardon me if I keep my old Pontiac. ;)
  • Save Europe (Score:4, Funny)

    by toupsie ( 88295 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:41PM (#14153527) Homepage
    Drive a Hummer [hummer.com].

    (Plus it comes with a 12,000 LB wench, think of all the beer that could serve, Germany)
  • by Krach42 ( 227798 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:42PM (#14153534) Homepage Journal
    Oh, what was it... oh yeah! Day After Tomorrow.

    Is this supposed to be news? Because I thought climatologist have been talking about this potential for awhile. At least before "Day After Tomorrow".

    What's next? "Scientist think that Birds evolved from Dinosaur like ancestors?"
    • There's a huge gap between someone theorizing that some day something might happen, and someone getting out of their cushy office and making measurements that determine that it is already a third of the way to being a done deal.
  • Is there anything it CAN'T do? Ice ages here, mega-deserts there... Besides, let's say the ice caps DO melt, and we lose a litle coastline. Big deal, over the ~150 years that takes, we'll clear the lower-lying cities out, plenty of time for that. Just think of the possibilities, though. Far more of the earth's surface might become habitable! The increased heat might spur mega growth of flora, turning the southeastern United States (and other areas) into tropical rainforests! Is all climate change bad
  • by Dark Paladin ( 116525 ) * <jhummel&johnhummel,net> on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:49PM (#14153588) Homepage
    Depending on whom you ask, this could be a global warming issue. This is something I researched back in high school and got weird looks, but the logic goes like this:

    1. Temperature warms up. Surface ice in the northern/southern reaches melt. This is something we've been seeing with the shrinking glaciers/nothern ice cap/Antartic icebergs melting.

    2. Ocean rises, which causes a lowering of the ocean temperature from the influx of cold water.

    3. With ocean levels higher, the ocean is able to absorb more energy, which shuts down the warm ocean currents.

    4. Without the warm ocean currents, weather patterns are altered. Cold air that would have been warmed by the ocean currents remain cold. In time, the water that melted is converted into ice.

    5. With the altered weather patterns and no warm air, the ice age comes into being. The more ice that forms, that more sunlight redirected back into space.

    6. This continues until enough build up of ocean warmth.

    Or - something like that. It's been a decade or two since I studied it, and I'm sure a meteorologist would do a better job. But what I do recall is that a good chunk of research shows this process can take place in as little as three years - which means it might be a good time to start buying some land down in Mexico....
    • by Hao Wu ( 652581 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @11:06PM (#14153709) Homepage
      This is something I researched back in high school and got weird looks, .... It's been a decade or two since I studied it, and I'm sure a meteorologist would do a better job.

      Not to worry - Here at Slashdot, such disclaimers are considered credentials.

    • 3. With ocean levels higher, the ocean is able to absorb more energy, which shuts down the warm ocean currents.

      This statement is false, I'm pretty sure. Oceanic currents are driven by the Earth's rotation and some wind, as I've commented in this thread.

      Also, your step (4) leads directly back to step (1).

      m
  • So if the climate is getting colder, now is a good time to invest in ski resorts and related realestate and businesses in that region?
  • by jcomand ( 648678 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:53PM (#14153627)
    original article [nature.com] in Nature
    news article [nature.com] in Nature
  • 5 Data points? (Score:3, Informative)

    by wanax ( 46819 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @10:54PM (#14153641)
    The article only mentions 5 data points over ~50 years, 1957, 1981, 1992, 1998 and now 2005.. which is not a lot to go on, likewise it mentions that the last time the current stopped was 12,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age, and that it may have slowed down between 1300-1850 which was a "mini" ice-age.

    I assume that the last 2 things were speculation, since the only way I could think of these things being measured is if it's somehow preserved in glacial layers etc.. could anyone who knows more explain what types of evidence back up these long term speculations? And if not, why we should draw any major conclusions from 5 data points over 50 years, when we don't know the variance of the system over hundreds or thousands of years, which 'seems' to be a 'normal' timescale for change?

    I'm not saying this isn't a big deal, but the information in the article is woefully incomplete.
  • by Apuleius ( 6901 ) on Wednesday November 30, 2005 @11:59PM (#14154060) Journal
    If the Gulf Stream isn't pushing as much water toward Europe, then the water is lingering longer in the Gulf of Mexico, which goes a long way to explain why so many storms churned up to Category 5 hurricanes as soon as they reached the Gulf all through this autumn. Doesn't sound like fun for North America either.
  • by core plexus ( 599119 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @12:13AM (#14154168) Homepage
    I just read an article on an Alaskan News Site today referring to various animals 'migrating' (moving would be a better description) to Alaska [suvalleynews.com]. They even found a snake, crushed in the road. Maybe the animals know something. (I'm a geologist, not a climatologist-but I know the Earth goes through cycles of heating and cooling).

    The article went on to describe the states plans to back exploration of a "Northwest Passage" across the Arctic, in cooperation with a Finnish company. Apparently other countries are also working on plans to exploit the route.

  • 50 Degress Below (Score:3, Interesting)

    by snStarter ( 212765 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @12:15AM (#14154185)
    Kim Stanley Robinson's new novel "Fifty Degrees Below" looks at the consequences of the North Atlantic Convery shutting down. It's not a great novel, surely not one of his best, but it's worth a read. Far too people die from exposure when D.C. gets a sustained period of -50F.
  • Realclimate (Score:5, Informative)

    by uncadonna ( 85026 ) <mtobisNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Thursday December 01, 2005 @12:25AM (#14154235) Homepage Journal
    As usual there is a better discussion on realclimate.org [realclimate.org].

    As I understand it the situation is that the mechanism proposed for sudden climate change by Broecker some 15 years ago (and exaggerated beyond recognition in a silly movie lately) shows some signs of actually occuring. New measurement expeditions have reinforced the evidence in this direction. Though the evidence isn't absolutely conclusive, it's starting to weigh in that direction and the new evidence makes the case stronger. There is well-understood physics at work, but it involves delicate small-scale structures that are hard to capture in global scale models.

    Though most scientific opinion expects it won't be enough to trigger a European ice age (unlike the YD event some 11KA ago) it could lead to a great deal more climate variability in our lifetimes especially in Europe and the northern reaches of the Atlantic than has been captured in most climate models, and in the extreme it may even cool Europe a bit as the rest of us get hotter.
    • Re:Realclimate (Score:3, Informative)

      by mikec ( 7785 )
      A word to the wise: if you read realclimate.org [realclimate.org], you owe it to yourself to also read climateaudit.org [climateaudit.org]. The discussions at realclimate.org don't include some of the more prominent critics of their work because realclimate.org silently deletes their postings. A lot of what the folks at climate.org publish doesn't hold up very well to close scrutiny. They tend to hide their data and methods from researchers who want to reproduce their results, which is never a good sign. Many of their statistical methods ar
  • Big deal. (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Rob Kaper ( 5960 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @06:36AM (#14155558) Homepage
    Thirteen years means nothing in a world where "climate" is defined as the weather over a thirty year period, which is already completely arbitrary in itself. Various patterns exist that take place over longer periods, including sunspot activity.

    Also, is the thirty percent a decrease from some sort of primal mean value? Or perhaps from a peak period with softer weather?

    It's impossible to make any meaningful statement on climate and climate variabilities, let alone climate change, without taking all those questionmarks and other factors into account. I'm sure this report will cause another hype amongst environmentalists. So be it. If people want to call a decade of colder winters a "mini ice age", that's fine by me, but I for one will not panic.
  • This is nothing new (Score:3, Interesting)

    by dafz1 ( 604262 ) on Thursday December 01, 2005 @10:05AM (#14156748)
    For those who read the article, notice that we had just come out of a mini-ice age. Most say it lasted from the mid-1300s to about 1850.

    Here's the question: what caused it(it being the forementioned oceanic conveyor), and what caused it to stop(in less than a decade)? The problem is, everyone has a theory and very few agree. Some say it was increased volcanic activity caused it, some say increased salinity of the water, some just don't know.

    Those in the volcanic camp say the reason it stopped is the greatly reduced amount of volcanic activity. Here's an example of how volcanoes affect GLOBAL climate. In 1815, the Tambora volcano in Indonesia erupted. It was 100 times the magnitude of Mt. St. Helen's in 1980. The amount of ash and sulfur ejected into the atmosphere lowered global temperatures up to 3 degrees C, and caused the "Year without a Summer" in New England(where crops froze during all of the summer months, and there was 6+ inches of snow in June).

    This mini-ice age led to numerous important historical events. The French, which in the 1700s, subsisted on cereal grains(wheat, barley, etc). However, in the years prior to 1789, the harvests were meager, due to the colder temperatures. Having no food, and not wanting to learn how to grow potatoes like Germany and Spain did, they decided to riot and steal whatever stores of grains they could find. This lead to the French Revolution. Still in French history, 1812 Napolean has marched his troops into Moscow. However, supply lines being incredibly weak, the cold, harsh Russian winter beats Napolean. Of the 600,000 troops he takes into Russia, less than 4,000 make it out, and less than 1,500 make it back to France. To Irish history, the Irish, unlike the French, learned to grow potatoes. To the Irish, the potato became their staple food, however, they only grew one low maintenance variety called "Lumpers". When the blight came, it was easy for it to propagate, as there only one variety to kill off. Had their been multiple species, the famine wouldn't have been so widespread. So, millions of Irish died due to starvation, and disease.

    So, while some of you sit there saying, bring on the snow...remember, all of our civilizations have existed based on expectations. We expect farmers to be able to raise grains, vegetables, meat, cheese-producing animals, etc to feed the rest of us. However, how would we survive if global climates change and once fertile fields dry up(think U.S. Dust Bowls of the 1930s)? We could have world wide food shortages. Imagine if the rice producing areas of China dried up? Then the Chinese would go looking for land/food. The lion would be out of the cage.

"An idealist is one who, on noticing that a rose smells better than a cabbage, concludes that it will also make better soup." - H.L. Mencken

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