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Space Technology

Space Elevator Update 557

TheMadReaper writes "The 2005 edition of the Space Exploration Conference in Albuquerque, NM came to a conclusion earlier this week. A large fraction of the conference was devoted to the Space Elevator. Surprisingly, there hasn't been much news coverage of this conference, perhaps because it doesn't have Space Elevator in its name. The most interesting fact I got from the conference is that money is really starting to exist in the space elevator world mainly thanks to the work of Dr. Bradley Edwards at ISR and at Carbon Designs, Inc. The strong nanotube talk was also more promising than last year."
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Space Elevator Update

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  • Money (Score:2, Funny)

    by Zapper ( 68283 )
    The big news since the last conference is that ISR finally has received the money congress had earmarked for it...

    I guess if enough money is pumped into this it will finally get off the ground sooner rather than later.
    No, wait. We don't want it to get off the ground do we?
    Would be cool to see this in our lifetimes.

    • Re:Money (Score:3, Interesting)

      by dbIII ( 701233 )

      I guess if enough money is pumped into this it will finally get off the ground sooner rather than later.

      Unfortunately this is the same attitude that gave us "Star Wars" defence and other stuff that doesn't work. It should be easy to make one of these things - just build a Dyson sphere and work downwards.

      Two main points are:

      Geostationary orbit is a long way up.

      We don't know yet if carbon nanotubes have the strength require to be able to handle their own mass over such a distance - or half it if you have

      • Re:Money (Score:5, Funny)

        by hunterx11 ( 778171 ) <hunterx11@NOSpAm.gmail.com> on Saturday April 09, 2005 @11:32PM (#12191161) Homepage Journal
        Anyone who wants to build another Tower of Babel because they read about it in the Bible clearly didn't finish reading it.
      • Re:Money (Score:5, Insightful)

        by khayman80 ( 824400 ) on Sunday April 10, 2005 @12:25AM (#12191372) Homepage Journal
        I see this whole concept as just being another aspect of people getting too influenced by Biblical sound bites - they want to build a tower of Bable for the sake of it, while similar ludrous schemes for launch like building a mass driver circling the equator would be orders of magnitude cheaper. Keep your religeon and your science seperate guys. People would argue this came from SF, from people that have heard of geostationary orbit but don't have a clue, but it gets rooted in our heads from Sunday School and the Bable story.

        You might find it surprising, then, to hear that I'm very excited about the possibility of a space elevator, despite being a lifelong atheist.

        It's true that the space elevator relies on technology that doesn't exist yet. But that technology is rapidly advancing, and there have been extensive studies [www.isr.us] of the material properties of carbon nanotubes in the context of use in a space elevator. Of course, you'll have to wade through pages of Biblical references to get to the actual science, but that's something you'll just have to get used to if you want to read about space elevator technology.

        In addition, a mass driver is simply NOT a substitute for a space elevator. Even if a practical electromagnetic mass driver could be built, each launch would require a large amount of energy that would never be recovered. The space elevator uses less energy to send each ton of matter to GEO than any other proposed system, but that's not the really cool part. You see, each ton of matter that is returned from GEO effectively recovers the energy required to send that matter up in the first place via regenerative braking.

        This is also where I should mention that, energy concerns aside, the space elevator removes one of the largest risks from space flight - reentry. Mass drivers help you get into orbit, but they don't help you return from orbit at all. In a space elevator, though, you just press the "down" button. Simple as that.

        Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to go do my religion homework. Oops, I meant to say science homework. I have such a hard time keeping those two subjects separate... but you can't really blame us clueless space elevator kooks for that, right?

        • Re:Money (Score:3, Funny)

          by flyingsquid ( 813711 )
          Mass drivers help you get into orbit, but they don't help you return from orbit at all. In a space elevator, though, you just press the "down" button. Simple as that.

          It sounds really simple, but what if someone pushes ALL the buttons on the way down? If you're stopping every ten feet, it'll take forever.

      • Re:Money (Score:4, Interesting)

        by norton_I ( 64015 ) <hobbes@utrek.dhs.org> on Sunday April 10, 2005 @12:43AM (#12191429)
        It seems likely that the estimates of 12 years are a little optimistic for something of this scale, but I would certainly like to be wrong on that count. However, if we spend 5 billion dollars on this and we end up developing the technology to cheaply produce super-strong cables out of carbon nanotubes, I say it is money well spent, even if there is no space elevator.

        If it works, a space elevator is THE best way to get things in and out of orbit. Also, I am sure you realize it, but your bridge analogy is specious at best. Building long bridges and tall elevators are not comprable projects.
  • by isny ( 681711 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:36PM (#12190553) Homepage
    Update: Still on ground floor.
    • by Jerf ( 17166 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:39PM (#12190901) Journal
      Right now our biggest practical problem is working out how to include roughly 23.5 million buttons for floors in the elevator compartment.

      Our previous best accomplishment in this domain, pioneered by the great elevator engineer Willy Wonka with his ground breaking, or rather sky-light breaking, Glass Elevator, is short by several orders of magnitude. (You can also see early Space Elevator technology there, but we've not been able to replicate his claimed performance without a tether; see the report in the sequel to the Chocolate Factory book.)

      I am confident once we overcome that problem that everything else should be easy.

      (If you're wondering where that number came from, that's geosync orbit at 22,241 miles, times two as I'm using the elevator variant that continues on out for counterweight and flinging ability, and estimating 10 feet per "floor", so 22241 * 2 * 528 = 23,486,496.)
      • by AtariAmarok ( 451306 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:45PM (#12190930)
        "Our previous best accomplishment in this domain, pioneered by the great elevator engineer Willy Wonka with his ground breaking...."

        Ground-breaking is right! Mr. Wonka's ingenious solution to base the elevator on a weave of microchocolate fibres is to be applauded. However, once the sun shone on this, the chocolate string melted and the elevator hit like a meteor.

        Next time, Mr. Wonka, consider using Oompa-Loompa hair fibers. Or maybe you can beam astronauts into space with that TV ray. Who cares if they come back from their mission 1 inch high?

        • Actually, according to the report chronicled in Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator [amazon.com] (should have gone ahead and taken the time to look this up in my initial post), he made it out into space just fine.

          However, this is even more questionable scientifically than the already outrageous claims made in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. If memory serves, while in space, Charlie and Mr. Wonka encounter an Alien Race bent on Mankind's destruction (The "Vermicious Knids", I think?), of which no independent corrobo
        • by vincecate ( 741268 ) on Sunday April 10, 2005 @05:31AM (#12192342) Journal
          Arthur C Clarke said: "It will be built 50 years after people stop laughing at it".

          The Space Tethers [spacetethers.com] will be built far sooner and are really much better. These can toss you into space fast so you don't fry in the radiation belts, recycle the energy from payloads going down into payloads going up, and be built with materials we have today.

  • Getting stuck? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by nxtr ( 813179 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:37PM (#12190555)
    What if you happen to get stuck at some weird altitude out of reach of help? If you're stuck high and above, you might have the space shuttle come and rescue you. If you're stuck low, you might have a helicopter come and help you. At other altitudes, you're pretty much fucked.
    • Re:Getting stuck? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by StratoChief66 ( 841584 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:40PM (#12190572) Homepage
      How about parachutes and airtanks?
    • new extreme sport.. (Score:5, Interesting)

      by sentientbeing ( 688713 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:52PM (#12190643)
      As long as youre wearing a spacesuit theres no reason why you couldn't base jump off to escape... ...Or for the fainter of heart - atmospheric bungee jumping!

      Man what a rush.
    • I'm sure they will probably build in a spiral staircase with an emergency exit, if not just a stainless steel slide - the ultimate helter-skelter!
    • Re:Getting stuck? (Score:5, Interesting)

      by ArbitraryConstant ( 763964 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:36PM (#12190895) Homepage
      "If you're stuck high and above, you might have the space shuttle come and rescue you."

      No.

      At altitudes the shuttle can reach, the relative velocity between the shuttle and the elevator would be too great for a transfer.

      Also, the shuttle can reach a few hundred kilometers. Not sure specifically what the limit is, but it's under a thousand kilometers. A space elevator has to go all the way up to geosynchronous orbit, which is 35786 km. You're out of reach for most of the journey.

      It wouldn't be that hard (relative to the cost of the project anyway) to have an escape pod in elevator cars that have to carry humans. That could carry passangers back to earth, as they'd be in free fall for the most part.
    • Re:Getting stuck? (Score:4, Insightful)

      by H01M35 ( 801754 ) on Sunday April 10, 2005 @12:11AM (#12191317)
      This is not about you.

      You will not ride the elevator to space. Rides to space will be done by whatever the next Scaled Composites or some version of a future x-prize.

      I may be inventing this number, but I seem to recall about two weeks for a trip to the top.

      This is about low cost freight.

      You can ride a horse across Canada faster than you can build a railroad, however, if you want to move large quantities of stuff, you're better off with the railroad. The Space Shuttle, and indeed most rocketry based solutions for freight is like trying to haul stuff across the country on your horse.

      Rocketry, (and/or spaceplanes) still make sense for getting people up there, as long as there are things up there for people to do when they get there. The elevator will be too slow for people, but the benefits of economically transporting freight to space will make actual space construction and exploration possible.

    • by Jeremi ( 14640 ) on Sunday April 10, 2005 @12:56AM (#12191461) Homepage
      What if you happen to get stuck at some weird altitude out of reach of help?


      Nobody said space travel was gonna be easy.... suck it up and jump, ya pansy!

    • Re:Getting stuck? (Score:3, Interesting)

      by serutan ( 259622 )
      My guess is that the next elevator behind you would stop and you would somehow board it, then the one above would be jettisoned off the ribbon in some way. This seems like a contingency they'll have to plan for. I wish I had thought of asking that question at NorWesCon last weekend. The Liftport folks gave a presentation and took a lot of questions. The trip up will take 7 days. They plan to send up one elevator per day, so 6 elevators at a time will be on the ribbon. Once the elevator gets to the orbital s
  • More information (Score:5, Informative)

    by TripMaster Monkey ( 862126 ) * on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:37PM (#12190558)
    In the interest of promoting more enlightened discussion, a lot of good information concerning space elevators can be found here [liftport.com].
  • by boingyzain ( 739759 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:38PM (#12190563)
    The music in normal elevators is already driving me crazy...

    Imagine going upwards for hundred sof miles while having to listen to Julio Iglesias' songs, performed by some guy on a synthesizer. NOOOOOO!
  • by fm6 ( 162816 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:38PM (#12190564) Homepage Journal
    Jeez, try to imagine the havoc if the cable comes loose from its orbital anchor. Thousands of miles of pure splat! Whatever safeguards the builders promise, the NIMBY factor is so huge, it has no chance of happening.
    • Actually, the vast mjority of the cable would burn up in the atmosphere long before it reaches the surface.

      As for the NIMBY factor, seven tenths of the Earth's surface is covered by water...
      • by fm6 ( 162816 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:01PM (#12190702) Homepage Journal
        Actually, if you have heavy objects impacting the Earth's surface, it's sort of preferrable to have them hit land, not water. Dust clouds and solid ejecta are unpleasant for the locals, but tsunamis are unpleasant for people who live thousands of miles away.
        • by TripMaster Monkey ( 862126 ) * on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:17PM (#12190791)
          The surviving fragments of an orbital tether would not have the requisite mass to produce the sort of wave disturbances you postulate. Actually, from most accounts, the worst health hazard resulting from a broken orbital tether would be small fragments of nanotube floating about in the atmosphere, eventually drifting to ground level and getting lodged in the lungs (as it turns out, carbon nanotubes are about the same size as asbestos fibers...perfect for getting lodged in the lungs).
    • by MillionthMonkey ( 240664 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:02PM (#12190713)
      Jeez, try to imagine the havoc if the cable comes loose from its orbital anchor.

      But it would make a great seventies-style movie, sort of like "Towering Inferno". Frankly, I'm surprised that nobody has made a bad movie about a collapsing space elevator, now that we have all these computers. A space elevator would likely take several hours to fall, which is perfect for a movie.

      Scene I. The Ribbon-Cutting Ceremony.
      THE PRESIDENT: [Holding large pair of scissors] It is with great fanfare that I dedicate this space elevator to the United States of America, and its coalition of willing allied nations all over the world, without whom this great day might not have been possible.[Prepares to cut]
      SCIENTIST: No, Mr. President! Cut the green horizontal ribbon! Not the black vertical one!
    • It would probably have to be built somewhere along the equator for geostationary orbital stability. Then you would need an island that is uninhabited, and is 300 miles away from any major population centre. So you could either create your own island, or build on top of a mountain. If you build on an island, you have to withstand hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones. Alternatively, if you build on a mountain, you have the advantage of being located high enough not to worry about weather systems, but you might h
      • Last I heard, the plan was to use an oil platform (or similar large ocean-going ship/structure) as the "island". That has the advantage of being movable on demand (to avoid debris), and is proven technology that you can buy "off the rack" today...
    • by sunspot42 ( 455706 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:29PM (#12190866)
      >Jeez, try to imagine the havoc if the cable comes loose
      >from its orbital anchor. Thousands of miles of pure splat!

      That's why you don't build it as a cable. You build it as a ribbon, with lots of surface area. If the ribbon snaps, portions high up in the atmosphere will burn up upon reentry. The portions of the cable that don't burn will flutter to the ground - think tickertape parades.
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Would somebody explain to me, what happens to this carbon nanotube when lightning strikes it and why it won't "cook" the thing?
    • It will. Apparently lightning is the worst threat to these things....a limitation that will need to be overcome if this project is actually going to happen.
    • by Rei ( 128717 ) on Sunday April 10, 2005 @12:20AM (#12191353) Homepage
      I used to hang out on their forum a while back. One solution that was proposed was to "maypole" the tether when it enters the atmosphere - i.e., have it split and have a number of anchor points.

      Edwards already had discussed several issues: one, the potential site, has almost no thunderstorms. Also, depending on the type of CNTs that you use, many are very resistive, and would not be the easiest route to the ground, but the most difficult. A risk factor, however, would be water streaming down the tether making a more conductive path.
  • by boingyzain ( 739759 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:41PM (#12190587)
    A "space elevator" is totally unlike anything ever done before. As I read in a Slashdot post some years ago (referring to nanotubes, the favorite among space-elevator aficionados), "When somebody has built a 40,000 millimeter bridge across a creek on campus, then we can start to talk about a 40,000 kilometer bridge straight up".

    The fact that we have not yet achieved one millionth of the task (and in fact fall several orders of magnitude for that) suggests to me that, much as I would love to see a space elevator in place, the job today belongs to materials scientists who are looking at shorter-term goals.

    An eye to the future is great, but experimenting on climbers is like practicing the high jump: if you're jumping twice as high today as last year, I wouldn't start drawing any exponential curves. The ribbon is the really, really hard part, and we're currently so far away from it that research energy is better spent elsewhere for a while. 2010 is way, way too close.

    Maybe with enough motivation we could get that 40,000 mm bridge by 2010, but somehow I doubt you're going to raise $10 million to build a bridge. The X-prize shot somebody into space for that kind of money.

    I'm prepared to be wrong. I'm a software developer, and I've learned that as a consultant I can say, "Your project is doomed" with 95% accuracy before I've even heard your name. Being a nay-sayer is easy. But the real trick is being able to spot the 5% that will actually be profitable, and there are a lot of projects more immediately deserving of this kind of money.
    • by tunabomber ( 259585 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:18PM (#12190797) Homepage
      I totally agree. Designing the layout of the instrument panel and cockpit of a time machine won't get you any closer to having a time machine. Similarly, designing a crawler for a space elevator won't get you any closer to having a space elevator. In both cases, the key "enabling" technology- whether it be time travel or high-strength nanomaterials- just isn't there.

      Furthermore, I don't think the government or non-profit "angel" investors (i.e. Paul Allen) need to throw tons of money into research of nanomaterials simply because it's not a high-risk venture.

      Even if an R&D operation fails to develop nanomaterials with the tensile strength necessary to build a space elevator- but they still manage to create something with 10% of the target strength- they shouldn't have any trouble turning a profit because there are so many other uses for such a technology. For once I can say with honesty: Good 'ol capitalism should solve this problem for us.
    • by Dan East ( 318230 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:30PM (#12190870) Journal
      When somebody has built a 40,000 millimeter bridge across a creek on campus, then we can start to talk about a 40,000 kilometer bridge straight up

      They really should try for a 40 meter bridge first, then go for 400 decimeter, before attempting the 40,000 millimeter.

      Dan East
    • by Jardine ( 398197 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:32PM (#12190877) Homepage
      "When somebody has built a 40,000 millimeter bridge across a creek on campus, then we can start to talk about a 40,000 kilometer bridge straight up".

      I agree with the point of the post, but where are you finding a creek that needs a 40 metre long bridge to cross it? I don't think a flowing body of water approaching 40 metres across can properly be called a creek.

      How about a 4000mm bridge across a creek?
  • kg/lb (Score:5, Interesting)

    by X1011 ( 819111 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:41PM (#12190588) Homepage
    Operating costs estimated at 100 kg/lb, ready in 15 years at most optimistic.

    Kilograms per pound? What is that?
  • by Vthornheart ( 745224 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:42PM (#12190591)
    Now I know, anything is possible with technology. Science fiction of the 50's is science reality of today. But let's stop the conversation of "is it possible" with that. The question of if the Space Elevator CAN be made seems irrelevant to me.

    When it comes to this whole Space Elevator business, the relevant question in my opinion is "would we WANT to make something like that?" To me, it's a novelty idea and nothing more. If people want to get serious about space travel, we need to invest more into the building of in-orbit construction yards (IMHO). Once we get the infrastructure in space to produce the vehicles, we'll find that occasional trips to the "Drydock" from Earth to supply it with raw materials will be far more practical than some 21,700+ mile long elevator reaching into the sky.
    • by Goonie ( 8651 ) <robert,merkel&benambra,org> on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:11PM (#12190751) Homepage
      The whole point of the space elevator is that, given some plausible assumptions about construction costs, it will be much cheaper and more reliable to shift stuff from orbit to GEO using an elevator than it is using rockets. Ultimately, something in the order of $3 per kilogram to GEO might be feasible, according to Bradley Edwards' calculations in his book on the subject. Nothing else comes close, except the economically impractical and politically infeasible use of gargantuan Orion drive launchers, which achieve low cost-per-kilogram figures through being preposterously big.

      Aside from which, manufacturing spacecraft is perhaps one of the most industrially complex things we do. Trying to replicate that in a place more remote, and with far more environmental challenges than, say, Antarctica, would have gargantuan capital costs dwarfing the elevator. In fact, the only way you could probably get the infrastructure up there would be an elevator or something equivalently cheap.

    • by fm6 ( 162816 )
      I couldn't agree more. Unfortunately, boring little infrastructure projects don't attract funding.

      Back in the 60s, the U.S. decided it had to go to the moon. If we'd done it right, we'd have done it in stages, building up an infrastructure of reusable vehicles and permanent orbital stations. But that would have taken too long. So instead somebody designed a huge rocket that cost $100 million a pop -- and could only be used once! Which is why nobody's been back to the moon for 30 years.

    • by sunspot42 ( 455706 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:48PM (#12190944)
      Even for Slashdot, your post is uninformed.

      When it comes to this whole Space Elevator business, the relevant question in my opinion is "would we WANT to make something like that?" To me, it's a novelty idea and nothing more. If people want to get serious about space travel, we need to invest more into the building of in-orbit construction yards (IMHO).

      The biggest obstacle to space travel is the cost of escaping the earth's gravity well. Space elevators offer a possible solution to this problem, assuming you can develop the materials to build a stable and reliable cable or ribbon. Building a huge construction platform in orbit is utterly worthless if it still costs thousands of dollars a pound to haul raw materials up to that platform, as it does today with chemical rockets. You'll have gained absolutely nothing. Space travel will still every bit as prohibitively expensive as it is right now.

      In contrast, the cost of hauling materials up a space elevator involves the amortized cost of the elevator itself, plus whatever electrical energy it takes to run the mechanism that pulls the platform into orbit. Over time, the cost could drop to a few dollars per pound, making it cheaper to haul material into orbit than it is to fly it across the continental United States. That would truly open up space travel to the masses, and enable us to construct gigantic structures in orbit, plus haul up the fuel or reaction mass to move those structures anywhere in the solar system. That would include places like the asteroid belt and the Oort cloud, where there are resources we could harvest that would enable either additional construction in space, or that could be hauled back to earth and down to the surface via the space elevator for terrestrial use.

      Once we get the infrastructure in space to produce the vehicles, we'll find that occasional trips to the "Drydock" from Earth to supply it with raw materials will be far more practical than some 21,700+ mile long elevator reaching into the sky.

      Building an infrastructure buys you nothing if you can't supply it with raw materials. If we continue to rely upon chemical rockets for access to space, it will never become inexpensive enough to support the kind of construction and development you're advocating. It would cost trillions to build and supply a space drydock capable of building even modest craft. We've already spent close to $150 billion just constructing the International Space Scrapyard, and it doesn't even build anything - it just sits there. Supplying the tiny crew with food, air, water and fuel costs hundreds of millions a year. If you think a space elevator is impractical, that's nothing compared with trying to build anything substantial in space using chemical rockets to haul up the materials and components from the surface of the earth.

  • by boingyzain ( 739759 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:44PM (#12190597)
    How about creating a simulator for a space elevator? It would be great to mess around with values to see how possible this thing really is. The closest thing to a simulator I've seen is this [caltech.edu] but its sadly lacking.

    http://spaceelevator.sourceforge.net, anyone?
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Ground floor perfumery,
    stationery and leather goods,
    wigs and haberdashery
    kitchenware and food...going up

    First floor telephones,
    gents ready-made suits,
    shirts, socks, ties, hats,
    underwear and shoes...going up

    Second floor carpets,
    travel goods and bedding,
    material, soft furnishings,
    restaurant and teas. Going down!
  • I've read quite a few posts about "riding the space elevator." I'm under the impression (and yes, I RTFA) that the space elevator would be solely used to send cargo up to space. Astronauts would still get up to the ISS by conventional means, and then the space elevator would just be a cheap[er] way to get supplies up to them without worrying about sending up rockets. Unless I missed something, humans wouldn't be travelling on this space elevator at all.
  • by boingyzain ( 739759 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @09:53PM (#12190652)
    My first thought upon hearing of the space elevator was "what happens if it breaks?" Who cares if science suggests it won't be a catastrophe? Most terrorists do not exactly subscribe to the latest scientific journals. A lightbulb will go off in one of their dim minds and they'll try to ram a plane into the cable, or the tower, or whatever, hoping it will somehow dislodge the asteroid from orbit and send it crashing into Washington D.C. or something. It'd make a great scifi action movie, wouldn't it?

    And don't forget it'd be a tremendous icon of Western achievement. You'd better believe everyone in the US, or whatever country eventually builds one, would be proud as hell of it. The media would be going on and on about how it'll usher in a new age for mankind, and so on, and so forth. If terrorists could somehow take it out, wouldn't that have tremendous psychological value? Remember that they chose the World Trade Center and Pentagon to strike at us, two (or three) buildings that symbolized, to them, everything that's wrong with the US. Wouldn't a tower that reaches into the heavens (hello, Tower of Babel?) symbolize that even more?

    It's quite reasonable to take terrorism into consideration when designing a structure. While I may be obsessing over the whole "living in fear" deal, its definitely something that needs to be considered.
    • Terrorism would be costly, but would put few lives other than those of the passengers at risk (if there are passengers at all, instead of just cargo). The asteroid would fly away from earth's orbit, not crash into washington, and the few inch/meter wide ribbon cable holding the elevator would probably flop down without causing significant damage. The elevator could then also have some sort of emergency failsame, so the elevator is in fact not that dangerous.

      However, I have the feeling the world will be a v
    • Not to be the piler-on of FUD, but there are other things besides terrorism to be taken into account. Consider all the airplanes that have been lost to simple human error, maintenance machanics, and cutting corners. "Value Jet", however you spell it, comes to mind first.

      Such as system needs to have in place some sort of failsafe or redunancy so that such disasters, be they intended, or the result of Teamsters' laziness, do not destroy it all. A (non-Beowulf) cluster of several nano-lines? A sort of web of

    • They aren't going to be attaching an asteriod to the other end. Its much simpler to just make the cable 60,000km then it is to move an asteriod nearby GEO and make a 36,000km cable.
    • The Chunnel is one of the greatest engineering achievements of the last half-century. it was a dream for centuries or more to connect Britain to the mainland. And yes... Terrorism was a concern in how they designed it. But... they still made it.

      Same will happen with the space elevator. It'll be part of the design. Plus, I'll bet this will likely take place over the barren south pacific or something, and no planes will be allowed in a 100-mile radius of the actual elevator, giving F-14s plenty of time to

    • Since the cost is probably in the 10 billion dollar range, it would be a catastrophe, but one on order of a space shuttle blowing up. Once it's done, building more won't be so hard (assuming an intrinsic flaw didn't cause the first catastrophe).

      The bottom line for me is, however, if you ever decide not to build something because it could be a terrorist target, that means they have won. [Really, instead of the trite crap that gets associated with that phrase.] But that's a whole other topic.
    • by Goonie ( 8651 )
      If you look at the current siting plans, they tend to be in places like 2000 kilometres west of Ecuador, or off the coast of Western Australia. Neither are particularly easy to get to, and could easily have rather large no-fly zones declared around them. Given the budget of the total project, you could even afford to purchase a naval vessel or two, and maybe a dozen VTOL examples of the Joint Strike Fighter [wikipedia.org], as a permanent garrison. Obviously, you'd also want to inspect the cargo (and passengers, when th
    • by Eternally optimistic ( 822953 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:55PM (#12190971)
      It seems you are already living in fear. That is a more immediate problem than a space elevator being planned, and it is all too common today. Not just because of terrorism.
  • Forgive my ignorance, MEMS and Nanotech has fascinated me for a while, but I don't know enough of the math behind them to tell if this is true. My grandfather, rest his soul, once told me of something called the Sailor's Rope Rule, which effectively says that the weight a rope can support is diminished by its length. Thus, a 500 lb. rope might support 500 lbs when there's less than a foot or so in length between the pully and the weight, but might only support 250 lbs when there is a good 100 ft. or so... T
    • the reason behind that is just the same as "a chain is only as strong as it's weakest link"

      as the rope get's longer it is more and more likely that a section of it is weak enough to break under the current load.
    • Yes, this is a big issue with space elevator designs. For this reason, you taper the cable, for instance. And supporting its own weight is the reason ridiculous strength/weight ratios are required (which are being approached by new nanosubstances). Designs call for widths around a centimeter or so, with multiple layers glued together, if I recall correctly. The material issue is probably the biggest theoretical problem still to be overcome, but the fact that we're so close so fast with nanotubes suggest
  • I recall Arthur Clarke pitching the initial concept for a Space Elevator some time back, and revisited the idea in 3001 : The Final Odyssey - in which he depicted planet Earth having a fully functional ( four actually ) space elevator system; which facilitated a subset of human civilisation living in low earth orbits in reduced gravity - thus invoking presumed benefits of doing so.

    Anywho. He spoke a couple years ago, subsequent to 3001's release on how at the time of writing, such a feat was nigh on impo
  • Something I never heared anybody about: Where does the kinetic energy come from that the cargo gains when ascending into orbit? Somehow the cargo needs to gain a huge amount of kinetic energy, because the top of the elevator moves several km/s faster then the bottom. If nothing compensates for this energy, the counter weight would gradually slow down and deorbit, so there must be some kind of propulsion in the counterweight, pushing it prograde whenever cargo ascends and pushing retrograde when cargo descen
    • Wikipedia [wikipedia.org] has a good article.

      The energy comes from the rotation of the Earth. In a display of the Coriolis effect, as the cargo ascends it exerts an anti-spinward force on the cable, and vice versa. The result is that the cable is (minisculely) off vertical in an antispinward direction and is being dragged along by the Earth. The Earth slows down ever so slightly (but don't worry -- iirc you have to loft Australia to make a relevant impact). The gravitational potential energy of an orbiting object is

  • by boingyzain ( 739759 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:07PM (#12190733)
    Before this gets too far, somebody should call NORAD and ask them how many of the 2500+ satellites and other odd bits of junk traveling at 17551mph (LEO) cross the Equator (ascending and descending nodes) and might present a collision hazard. I could be wrong, but shouldn't the answer should be "Almost all of them."

    This reminds me of the asteroid/comet problem, the probability of a significant impact might be low, but it only takes one.
    • Edwards and Westling quote a figure of 8000 objects being tracked by U.S. Space Command. There are about 100,000 additional objects with diameters between 1 and 10 cm to worry about. The worst altitude is LEO at 500 to 1700 km. These numbers would suggest an impact on average every 250 days or so.

      The solution is two-fold. You build the ribbon wider in this region, which reduces the chances of a catastrophic hit. Second, you go ahead and track ALL such objects and give the ribbon a small wiggle to avo
  • by boingyzain ( 739759 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:09PM (#12190743)
    A warning label you won't see on the space elevator:

    In emergency, USE STAIRS.
  • by unfortunateson ( 527551 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @10:27PM (#12190851) Journal
    A space elevator, or beanstalk, has two big problems for construction: 1) materials that are strong enough, and 2) getting it to stay up.

    The first we're getting close to being able to handle. The second is just a matter of having a counterweight that balances the 22,500 miles of cable from the equator (more on that later) to the top. Without the counterweight, the ground end drags it down.

    That means that we really need to build this sucker from the middle out: extend equal masses out and in (or up and down, if you prefer) from geosynchronous orbit. That's a very expensive proposition. Whether it's cheaper to ship carbon for nanotubes up or go and fetch some carbonaceous asteroids down to our orbit I'll leave as an exercise for the reader.

    A poster above was concerned about the terrorist target of something like this. The one consolation in this one is that you can't build it on US or European soil: it needs to be at the equator. At least one SF author (I forget which) posited an elevator whose ground-level terminus was an upside-down Y to two islands straddling the equator some hundreds of miles apart. Not the silliest thing I've ever read, but I'm not sure it makes much sense. Tethering one end down will be tricky enough.

    So it won't be Imperialist America that's building it... but that's not to say it won't have protestors. It'll cast a shadow pretty much across the entire planet. It will likely change weather patterns in the region.

    It will create the most valuable real estate in the world.

    It's going to end up in some place where technology and resources are accessible: Brazil, Equador, Congo, Somalia, The Maldives, Indonesia, Malaysia, or some Pacific Island are all candidates, my money is on a spot just south of Singapore -- there's enough high-tech industrial nations close enough to justify it there. Brazil is my second guess.

    And who knows, maybe we'll find Saddam building WMDs up there. (obligatory Funny whoring)
    • You don't seem to understand the current designs. The cable is small. In fact, the math works out that it can't be very big, because it needs to support itself. That recursive "supporting itself" is why it's been so problematic to get to the point where we can have materials that might be able to, but once we're there it works really well; there's a rather sharp dividing line.

      Given that you don't understand current designs, I'd really rather you shut the fuck up about things you have no clue about. It's ba
  • just plain stupid (Score:3, Interesting)

    by billsoxs ( 637329 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @11:01PM (#12191008) Journal
    Look the longest Nanotube is about 2 mm. (I've seen them and know the student making them.) Nanotube fibers are made but they are tough to do. The amount of MWNT (the easy stuff!) made in the US is small. There is no way to make a massive amount of the stuff. Certainly not the amount needed for an 'elevator'. Now let's consider the minor factoid that you will have to drop something heavier than you are lifting. (Or at least of similar mass.) I have single word that this space elevator project does not consider - physics
    • Re:just plain stupid (Score:4, Informative)

      by FleaPlus ( 6935 ) on Sunday April 10, 2005 @05:42AM (#12192373) Journal
      Look the longest Nanotube is about 2 mm. (I've seen them and know the student making them.)

      A couple of millimeters was the record in 2003. As of September 2004, the longest was 4 centimeters [duke.edu]. What will the record be for 2005? 2006? 2010? 2020?

      Wikipedia also states the following:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube#Curre nt_progress [wikipedia.org]

      In 2004 Alan Windle's group of scientists at the Cambridge-MIT Institute developed a way to make carbon nanotube fiber continuously at the speed of several centimetres per second just as nanotubes are produced. One thread of carbon nanotubes was more than 100 metres long. The resulting fibers are electrically conductive and as strong as ordinary textile threads.

      Granted, these continuously-spun variants don't have the required strength yet, but I think it's still a little early to call all of this outright stupid.
  • Oribital Wobble? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by kd5ujz ( 640580 ) <william@@@ram-gear...com> on Saturday April 09, 2005 @11:18PM (#12191085)
    Something that has puzzled me, but I am sure someone has brought up in scientific discussions, is orbital wobble. Will this cause the earth to wobble during orbit? You can take a 5 pound ball, and spin it on a flat surface and observe it, now try taping a .5 lb weight on a 6 inch string to it, and spin it fast enough to get the weight to fly out horizontaly. I wonder if the earth will have the same effect.
    • by evanbd ( 210358 )
      Or, you can take a 5 lb ball, and attach a string 6 inches long weighing about 10^-18 lb, and observe that nothing happens. That assumes a 3kton cable, which is at least the right ball park. In other words, don't worry about it.

      Alternately, you can observe that the mining industry has a much greater impact on the Earth's center of mass.

  • Ok I'll bite... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Eyeball97 ( 816684 ) on Saturday April 09, 2005 @11:48PM (#12191233)
    At least, much of the scientific research being done on this thing is based on some tangible technology and fact... but puleeeze...

    Catastrophe. Yes Bad Things can happen. The amount of damage done is less than might be expected.

    IS less? So this has been tested, has it?

    I'll tell you what I'd expect. I'd expect if something went wrong and a "load" plummeted to earth from 5km up it would be pretty difficult to predict what sort of damage it would do... There's one of many possible catastrophes we'd like to hear whay you'd expect the damage to be

    Terrorism. The thing is less a target than might be expected.

    Again, IS less? This fact comes from where? A poll of known terrorists, or off the top of your head?

    Yes, I know... people were executed for suggesting that the world wasn't flat, etc etc... but please - if you want a rational discussion on this thing pushing "facts" like these at us is hardly likely to sway any opinion.

Think of it! With VLSI we can pack 100 ENIACs in 1 sq. cm.!

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