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Education Science

Physicist Loses Degree for Data Falsification 426

cheese_wallet writes "Jan Hendrik Schoen was stripped of his doctoral degree by his university for fabricating data in his research. From the article: 'Schoen, now 34, was fired by Bell Laboratories in New Jersey in September 2002 after an outside review committee concluded that he made up or altered data 16 times while working in the hot fields of superconductivity and molecular electronics'."
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Physicist Loses Degree for Data Falsification

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  • The merits of pHDs (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Ckwop ( 707653 ) * on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:04AM (#9405596) Homepage
    This raise alot of questions. The key question is What does a pHD actually mean?
    If pHD is meant to be a sign of knowledge in the subject then this shows i surely
    the counter example show this is not the case.

    I mean that You can't strip someone of knowledge. It's true that he may have faked data but he certainly had
    detailed knowledge of the field and I strongly suspect his thesis did not contain any errors. His thesis would have
    demanded more critical examination than a research paper. So i think it's fair to say that he earned that pHD

    Is it right for a discredited man to have his pHD removed? Is it right that popular opinion can determine how
    qualified someone is to make a statement in their field?

    These are questions I find hard to answer.

    Simon.
    • by onion2k ( 203094 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:10AM (#9405626) Homepage
      Is it right for a discredited man to have his pHD removed? Is it right that popular opinion can determine how qualified someone is to make a statement in their field?

      If he really knew his stuff he'd not have had to fit the results to his conclusion. He would have explained how his original hypothesis was wrong, and used the correct data to explain what actually happened.

      I think he demonstrated just how little knowledge he actually has.
      • by fozzmeister ( 160968 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:19AM (#9405654) Homepage
        WRONG. he was probably widely ambitious, and falsified data to live that ambition.

        If publishing a paper the "hey the star trek like replicators can exist" is way more career enhancing than "i thought star treck replicators could work, but i was wrong"

        Cheating is not a sign of someones lack of skill. If you took that approach you'd have to Micheal Schumacher, Senna and Prost are a poor racing driver due to trying to knock other racing drivers off the road, infact they have something like 12 F1 world championships between them. If that doesn't prove that cheating comes from the desire to win not the lack of skill nothing does.
        • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:44AM (#9405847)
          I agree that cheating is not a lack of skill. I don't like Michael Schumacher as much as the next man, and didn't like Senna either, but I'm not sure you can call them cheats in the same way as, say, Darl McBride and the pump 'n' dumpers. I don't really believe they cheat to get success the majority of the time.

          I agree that if they were so sure of being the best, they could surely have done it the 'proper' way, and I think in the majority of races they won on skill, not by cheating.

          I agree that in some circumstances, the urge to succeed overrules the will to play fair, especially when the reward is sufficiently large. I don't suppose anyone has not cheated on something at some point of their lives. The difference is that success for most people is built on what they do 95% of the time, and only 5% when 'help' is required.

          Personally I think that falsifying evidence/data is a BAD thing, regardless of whether it's a scientist or an officer of the law or a financial analyst. Making conclusions based on faulty input is going to lead to trouble for someone later down the line, and that's something I woudn't want on my conscience.
        • by Lord Prox ( 521892 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @06:11AM (#9405903) Homepage
          I think you are all missing the point. A degree is not a simple cert of knowledge, it is a cert of compitence and a trust model. It tells others that you can do a job not that you are a simple waling encyclopedia. This is especially true in sci/engineering professions. It also reflects upon the issuing university, as their grads are their finnished product and their best advertising. If you are hiring for an engineering position for a bridge and you have 2 canidates, #1 got a degree from Acme Diploma Factory and #2 has a degree from MIT, what are you going to think. You see the logo of MIT and know quality, you have never heard of Acme or know anything of it. Your choice is clear. As such from a bnusiness standpoint MIT can say to possible students that it grads get the best work possible, as such they have a keen intrest in keeping their name squeeky clean.

          Employers don't want walking encyclopedias they want projects finished on time and on budget for their clients. What I am trying to say is a degree is more than a cert in knowledge it is a cert in the abilities to get the job done and done right. A professional and ethical attitude and behavior.

          please excuse any typos and such. It is very late and I have had very numbers of beers
          • by mindstrm ( 20013 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @08:29AM (#9406245)
            Not as true as you'd like though.

            If you are hiring an engineer, generally, you want a certified engineer, a degree is not enough (or even strictly necessary). You want someone who has passed the local (regional, whatever) professional engineering exams, and is certified by the local professional engineers association. THAT is an engineer. Someone who just has a degree in engineering is someone who studies engineering, but not an engineer.

            Similarly, if you want a lawyer, you want someone who has passed the local Bar exam, and is recognized by all the other lawyers (and the legal system) as a lawyer.. NOT simply someone who has a PhD in Law.

            The same goes for Doctors, etc.

            There is NO WAY a university can know that a person will, later in life, cheat. If the person is competent enough to get through the process at the university, then the university should stand by their original decision. The person's own record will speak for itself.

          • by tonywong ( 96839 )
            He has deliberately poisoned the digital commons for his own selfish motives more than 16 times.

            Just imagine the scores of researchers and man hours devoted to tracking down the problem.

            It would be like not firing Jayson Blair of the New York Times for making up stories.

            I think it's highly appropriate for this guy to lose his doctorate.
        • by nyseal ( 523659 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @07:57AM (#9406138)
          Blech....how would you like YOUR doctor to falsify your test results for cancer to 'prove' a theory? With this guy's integrity he wouldn't even tell you.
    • by Richard_L_James ( 714854 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:12AM (#9405631)
      Imagine if it he had a medical PhD and was working in a hospital - would you see this issue diferently then?

      I mean that You can't strip someone of knowledge

      Indeed but if you are fabricating data you are proving that you didn't have that knowledge in the first place.

      I strongly suspect his thesis did not contain any errors

      Fabricated data is very likely to mean data he made up = errors

      • >> I strongly suspect his thesis did not contain any errors
        >Fabricated data is very likely to mean data he made up = errors

        RTFA. The university is not suspecting that he cheated in his thesis. He has only been cheating at Bell Labs.

      • I agree with the grandparent. A degree isn't something you should be able to take away, unless it's proven you cheated to get the degree. If the degree was valid in the first place, what right do they have to take it away? I guess it's Germany, and you can argue, "but things are different there!". If so, I call bullshit. What's next, losing your high school diploma over a criminal charge?

        This seems like a rather underhanded attempt on the part of the school to save face for handing out a phd to someone w
        • Re:Um, no... (Score:3, Insightful)

          by peg0cjs ( 572593 )

          A degree isn't something you should be able to take away, unless it's proven you cheated to get the degree

          This is total BS. Read the text of your degree and you'll notice a few things. "University Name" admits "Student Name" to the degree of "Whatever" with all the rights, privileges, duties and responsibilities thereof.

          It can be very easily, and quite rightly, argued that faking data violates the duties and responsibilities of his degree. You can't have the one without the other. If he wants to benefit

      • by Deliberate_Bastard ( 735608 ) <doslund.cs@ucr@edu> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:22AM (#9405807)
        Imagine if it he had a medical PhD and was working in a hospital - would you see this issue diferently then?

        Not quite the same. What he would stripped of then would be his license to practice medicine, not his M.D.

        I mean that You can't strip someone of knowledge

        Indeed but if you are fabricating data you are proving that you didn't have that knowledge in the first place.

        I disagree. The knowledge he received his PhD for the "knowledge" he fabricated are two different things.

        Oh, don't get me wrong. His scientific reputation is, and should be, in the toilet permanently. He should never work in academia again. Period.

        But trying to withdraw a PhD sends a misleading message about what a PhD means. It's a certification of having fulfilled certain requirements, not a grant of endorsement.

        We cannot pretend to alter the past, and say someone did not accomplish what they did, even if we later decide we do not like him. It sets the troubling precedent that we may strip people of their academic credentials at will. That's a bad idea, even our reasons for doing so would be good ones in this particular case.

        They should have stuck with an announcement censuring him.

        • by MrWa ( 144753 )
          But trying to withdraw a PhD sends a misleading message about what a PhD means. It's a certification of having fulfilled certain requirements, not a grant of endorsement.

          Wouldn't one of those requirements have been collecting real data?

    • Seriously, you don't know what you are talking about. You defend your thesis based upon the results you have gotten during research. This person appears to have defended is thesis based upon falsefied results. Of course he should be stripped of is PhD.

      He is not the first, nor the last person to have done this, be it PhD thesis or not.

      • you don't know what you are talking about.[...]This person appears to have defended is thesis based upon falsefied results.
        RTFA. He has cheated while at Bell Labs, not at the university. Maybe you should check some facts yourself before accusing people of not knowing what they are talking about?
    • by NothingToSeeHere ( 784682 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:20AM (#9405658)
      I've read about this in Germany: the law (in most states of the federation, I guess), allows a university to recall a doctor's degree, if the person proves to be unworthy (regarding science) at a later time.

      Faking data is not to be taken lightly - scientists rely on the quality of previous work. If several other scientists have wasted years of their time because of this, that's a lot of damage done.

      Some links: The article in german [tagesschau.de] and Google's attempt at translating it [google.com]
      • by Der Krazy Kraut ( 650544 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:51AM (#9405745)
        In Germany, some universities can even revoke your PhD if you've commited a felony (unrelated to your PhD or any misuse of knowledge) and were sentenced to imprisonment of 1 year or longer. I always thought that was kind of bizarre.

        For example, the RWTH Aachen does this. Here's [rwth-aachen.de] the relevant text (Promotionsordnung der RWTH, see 19, "Verlust des Doktorgrades") Sorry, German only.
      • by dtmos ( 447842 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:05AM (#9405771)
        Wow, what a spectacularly, ah, interesting translation--no offense intended to those associated with the writing of the translation engine. One of the machine translation pitfalls I hadn't previously considered was the problem of identifying and handling proper names that are also in the dictionary of the original language. Schoen == beautiful, or beautifully, so "Jan Hendrik Schoen" gets translated to "January Hendrik beautiful," and multiple references to "Schoen" in the text get morphed into, well, "beautiful" phrases. I guess he's fortunate, to some extent; we can all think of less complementary examples....
      • In cases like this, some European countries, Germany being one, also allow for criminal prosecution. Whilst it isn't a crime per se to use someone else's work or made-up data in a PhD thesis it generally is considered felony perjury (most colleges require that you attest to the fact that you've had no outside help and did not willfully cheat under oath).
    • by 00420 ( 706558 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:21AM (#9405664)
      While his thesis for earning his PhD may have been 100% true, it's quite obvious that he didn't understand what he learned in Science 101 about the scientific method. So I think the university's decision to strip his PhD is a sound one.
    • by Talez ( 468021 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:23AM (#9405676)
      I mean that You can't strip someone of knowledge.

      But you can strip away the university's confidence in an individual thereby making the degree invalid.

      See that little stamp on the corner of your degree? Thats merely saying the University Council thinks that you're good enough for the degree in question. The uni can also decide to take away their approval and you're left with a worthless bit of paper.

      A degree is merely a university's endorsement of your knowledge. Nothing more, nothing less.
    • by stevenvi ( 779021 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:28AM (#9405689) Homepage
      What does a pHD actually mean?
      A PhD is a Philosophical Doctorate. It says that you can think intelligently and help progress the knowledge of mankind.

      Is it right for a discredited man to have his pHD removed?
      It most certainly is. If it has been proven that he's fudging scientific data, then he's clearly not helping to progress the knowledge of mankind, and is indeed hindering progress. False answers to justify hypothesis is never right. Anyone who plagerizes material or makes up their own science has no right to be called a doctor of philosophy. It's about using your knowledge, not about bragging rights for having been in school for n years.

      Is it right that popular opinion can determine how qualified someone is to make a statement in their field?
      Popular opinion? You mean a review board at the institution which granted him the degree? Did you even read the article? It wasn't about public outcry or bad publicity. "A committee of 12 professors at his alma mater in southern Germany decided after its own review to strip Schoen of the doctorate in physics he earned in 1998." It was his peers who revoked his degree, not the public.
      • by bobthemuse ( 574400 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @07:38AM (#9406089)
        Actually, based on my experiences with PhDs in the IT fields, it usually stands for Piled Higher and Deeper.
      • Is it right for a discredited man to have his pHD removed? It most certainly is. If it has been proven that he's fudging scientific data, then he's clearly not helping to progress the knowledge of mankind, and is indeed hindering progress. False answers to justify hypothesis is never right. Anyone who plagerizes material or makes up their own science has no right to be called a doctor of philosophy. It's about using your knowledge, not about bragging rights for having been in school for n years.

        So if he

    • by BlueUnderwear ( 73957 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:54AM (#9405751)
      His thesis would have demanded more critical examination than a research paper.

      Which is not much. Nowadays, there is such a number of research papers (most of which don't actually contain earth-shattering results) that they are not actually examined with that much detailed attention. Reviewers pay more attention to stylistic aspects (is it readable? understandable without too much efforts? are my buddies, who did research in the same field appropriately credited in the bibliography?) than to contents.

      Same thing goes for thesis, and I've heard of a thesis where the candidate "managed" to prove that sin(x)+cos(x)=1. Which is obviously false (... it lacks the square...), but this error escaped the attention of the doctorand's of his adviser and of his reviewers!

      Thesis are rather large (> 100 pages), and reviewers have to read them in a limited amount of time (in France, it's just 2 or 3 weeks in bad cases, and some reviewers may be on the boards of more than one thesis!), so it's entirely plausible that even relatively gross errors go unnoticed.

      And probably the only reason why this guy got caught was that his papers were of the rare kind that did indeed contain earth-shattering results (high temperature superconductors) which drew the attention of the crowd. If "exposed" papers contain such errors, how much worse must be the situation with the many dull and uninteresting papers?

      • by quetzalc0atl ( 722663 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @07:25AM (#9406064)
        scientists of nowadays are very fearful people. they are mostly afraid of being wrong.

        if someone is writing papers of little importance, or that do not contain any really shocking info, then you are probably safe (assuming you reference everyone who ever breathed the subject so that no one gets a feather up their ass and tries slandering you). so thats what most grad students do, because they dont want to spend 10 years getting their PhD.

        but this process doesnt end once someone has gotten their PhD...in fact this constant fear of being found "uncredible" has caused scientific research to become marred by political bs. fellows like this guy from the article are meant to be examples for everyone else, and to solidify this notion through fear.
    • You dound like someone working hard towards the degree and sincerely being afraid that you will not be given that if your girlfriend finds out about that other girl, or something... ;-)

      In The Real Life (TM) degrees are needed to a) make yourself/your parents proud and b) get employment in certain places/positions which do require this IF they like you otherwise.

      Do you think anyone will be hiring THE guy any time soon on a position like this (even if he would formally have his degree)?

      It is more of a sym
    • by Sique ( 173459 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:10AM (#9405779) Homepage
      Is it right for a discredited man to have his pHD removed? Is it right that popular opinion can determine how qualified someone is to make a statement in their field?


      The Dr.rer.net (Doctorus rerum naturae) he got from the University of Constance. And this university has written down in their regulariae, that a Dr. can be removed, if the person who got the title awarded, proved itself unworthy to have the title. Mr. Schoen proved unworthy in his scientific life, faking or completely making up results, erasing all evidence (There is no raw data available from his experiments, he erased it 'because space was running out on his computer') and knowingly publishing false results.
    • by osgeek ( 239988 )
      I mean that You can't strip someone of knowledge.

      But can you strip the moderators of their ability to mark shit like this +5 (well, maybe "Funny", but it was "Interesting" when I posted this)?

      I mean, really... you can't have RTFA'd. The guy most likely did massive damage to himself, his university's reputation, the Scientific community that relied upon his results, and possibly his employer.

      A PHD is given in exchange for the proper work done, knowledge demonstrated, and contribution made to the rele
    • by mindriot ( 96208 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @08:17AM (#9406181)

      Is it right for a discredited man to have his pHD removed? Is it right that popular opinion can determine how qualified someone is to make a statement in their field?

      The university he got his degree from was the University of Konstanz [uni-konstanz.de] in Germany. Here's a German article [spiegel.de] (babelfished [altavista.com]) on the whole thing. The educational laws of the German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg state that a PhD title can be removed if "through his behavior at a later point in in his career, the owner has proven unworthy of the title."

      From Bell Labs' summary [lucent.com], we can find more about what he was charged with:

      • Substitution of data (substitution of whole figures, single curves and partial curves in different or the same paper to represent different materials, devices or conditions)
      • Unrealistic precision of data (precision beyond that expected in a real experiment or requiring unreasonable statistical probability)
      • Results that contradict known physics (behavior inconsistent with stated device parameters and prevailing physical understanding, so as to suggest possible misrepresentation of data)

      [...]

      The Committee's main findings and conclusions can be summarized as follows.

      By all accounts, Hendrik Schön is a hard working and productive scientist. If valid, the work he and his coauthors report would represent a remarkable number of major breakthroughs in condensed-matter physics and solid-state devices.

      Except for the provision of starting materials by others, all device fabrication, physical measurement and data processing in the work in question were carried out (with minor exceptions) by Hendrik Schön alone, with no participation by any coauthor or other colleague. None of the most significant physical results was witnessed by any coauthor or other colleague.

      Proper laboratory records were not systematically maintained by Hendrik Schön in the course of the work in question. In addition, virtually all primary (raw) electronic data files were deleted by Hendrik Schön, reportedly because the old computer available to him lacked sufficient memory. No working devices with which one might confirm claimed results are presently available, having been damaged in measurement, damaged in transit or simply discarded. Finally, key processing equipment no longer produces the unparalleled results that enabled many of the key experiments. Hence, it is not possible to confirm or refute directly the validity of the claims in the work in question.

      The most serious allegations regarding the work in question relate to possible manipulation and misrepresentation of data. These allegations speak directly to the question of scientific misconduct. The Committee carefully investigated each of these allegations and came to a specific conclusion in each case.

      The evidence that manipulation and misrepresentation of data occurred is compelling. In its mildest form, whole data sets were substituted to represent different materials or devices. Hendrik Schön acknowledges that the data are incorrect in many of these instances. He states that these substitutions could have occurred by honest mistake. The recurrent nature of such mistakes suggests a deeper problem. At a minimum, Hendrik Schön showed reckless disregard for the sanctity of data in the value system of science. His failure to retain primary data files compounds the problem.

      More troublesome are the substitutions of single curves or even parts of single curves, in multiple figures representing different materials or devices, and the use of mathematical functions to represen

    • by RayBender ( 525745 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @08:53AM (#9406345) Homepage
      What does a pHD actually mean?

      Probably something like the -log [deuterium].

      Ph.D. = doctor of philosophy.

  • by deft ( 253558 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:08AM (#9405617) Homepage
    I thought that a degree/diploma is something you get for things you did in your past, as in certain clases taken, grades acheived.... not a revokable license. If I go off in life and really suck, can I lose my high school diploma?

    Even Dr. Evil gets to keep the "Dr." in his name, regardless of how many meteors he's tried to pull towards the earth with tractor beams.
    • by spacester ( 783059 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:22AM (#9405673)
      They can revoke a degree if the examinable material for that degree was found to be falsified. In this case, the work he was sacked for at the Bell labs was related to that of his PhD, so it was revoked. I recently worked with some scientists from the same institution, and they were complaining that the central admin of the institution did nothing - after an extensive 6 month investigation. You have to remember they had access to his thesis, and with hindsight it contained fabticated data.

      This guy was an extremely intelligent man; I work in his field and could not hope to understand the problems well enough to be able to fabricate data that fooled the academic community for years, and then provide a perfectly reasonable (and quite sexy!) explanation. You have got to remember he published this in the top journals in the world; their peer review process is extremely rigorous. He some how managed to work out what we wanted to hear, and produce the data to give us the answer. It is just a shame his efforts and ability was so misguided.

    • by Francis ( 5885 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:28AM (#9405695) Homepage
      A PhD signifies that you have an understanding of the field, and that you have made a novel contribution, and are, therefore, capable of research.

      If your thesis is based on forged results, the merit of your contribution may be nothing, or even negative. Moreover, it casts doubt on your ability to carry out research. Honesty is a necessary requisite of doing research, and your reputation counts for a lot in academia.

      Your highschool diploma means that you have completed all your highschool courses. If someone were to find that you passed all your courses by shoulder-surfing or bribing the teachers or whatever, I fully expect that the institution should be able to revoke your degree.
    • If you drive drunk (Score:4, Insightful)

      by EachLennyAPenny ( 731871 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:50AM (#9405861) Homepage
      you'll lose your drivers license as well, because obviously you're using the benefits which come with it irresponsibly. It doesn't matter that you passed the test years ago.
    • by hweimer ( 709734 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @06:21AM (#9405915) Homepage
      I thought that a degree/diploma is something you get for things you did in your past, as in certain clases taken, grades acheived.... not a revokable license. If I go off in life and really suck, can I lose my high school diploma?

      In Germany a doctorate is not a degree in the same sense as a diploma. A diploma allows you to enter certain professions related to that degree. A doctorate, however, does not grant such rights.

      The university law of the state of Baden-Württemberg (where he got his degree) says that any degree can be revoked if a person acts "unworthy" afterwards. It is important to note that Schön did not manipulate his doctoral thesis but the descision was based on the forgeries he committed later. However, he can sue against the decision.
  • by stienman ( 51024 ) <.adavis. .at. .ubasics.com.> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:09AM (#9405618) Homepage Journal
    If the University cannot find anything wrong with his work for his graduate program and doctorate research, then I don't believe they should take away something he earned.

    I suspect the university is simply grandstanding. "We are ethically pure, so much so that we rescind doctorates from people who later on turn to the dark side."

    On the other hand, it probably feels good to pull the rug out from under this guy.

    -Adam
    • No, this is not a bad university. The research that was found to be false was a development of his thesis work. Therefore, his doctorate has been revoked. Note that he has 30 days to appeal; that means if it is not falsified, he can still walk away with a PhD. However, it is falsified. I happened to work with some scientists from Konstanz last year, and they read his thesis just after the scandal broke. It contained "questionable content".
    • Schoen should have learned that one does not falsify data and destroy the original measurement data and materials. While other researchers sometimes publish wrong results, no one does this by purpose.

      The university has a moral responsibility to ensure that graduates respect the rules and ethics of scientific research. If this is not the case, I find it perfectly reasonable to revoke someone's PhD.
    • If the University cannot find anything wrong with his work for his graduate program and doctorate research, then I don't believe they should take away something he earned.

      The Ph.D. is a statement that you are qualified to do scientific research. Schoen has demonstrated that he isn't, and therefore, one can argue that his Ph.D. was awarded in error.

      Whether he actually falsified data on his Ph.D. or not is secondary to that analysis: even if he didn't falsify data in his Ph.D., he still has demonstrated r
    • well, a president can be impeached even if they honestly 'earned' their presidency. Past achievements does not necessarily mean that the person in question meets a certain standard for the rest of their life.
  • by dhris ( 731865 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:09AM (#9405619)
    What a lightweight!!! You have to falsify data at least 50 times to keep a PhD.
  • So when... (Score:4, Interesting)

    by BoneFlower ( 107640 ) <anniethebruce@gma[ ]com ['il.' in gap]> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:10AM (#9405622) Journal
    Will George Ricaurte be stripped of his doctorate?
    • by 3,4-methylenedioxyme ( 787586 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @08:50AM (#9406332)

      Academia is far from as pure as the public might imagine. It is troubled with the same problems as the rest of society.

      For those who don't know of him, George Ricaurte is the NIDA [nih.gov] scientist which recently had to retract a severly flawed paper on MDMA neurotoxcity [mdma.net]. Part of the problem is that NIDA is in the business of sustaining the War On Some Drugs, a multi billion business [drugsense.org]. It is in their interest to sustain funding for research that confirms the basis for this "war". Researchers which come up with results that are contrary to this cause (ie. which debunks common myths of toxicity and other perceived dangers) are committing career suicide.

      The MDMA neurotoxcity paper by Ricaurte came under heavy fire for flawed methods when it was first released (mostly from partisan researchers with nothing to lose). The paper has since been used to push anti-MDMA legislation (like the RAVE act), both in the US and in other countries. The main reason the paper was retracted was the discovery that Ricaurte and his team hadn't even used MDMA in their animal toxcity experiments, but a completely different chemical. A small error (as Ricaurte claims) or evidence of very foul play? The company which supplied the chemicals claim that such a mixup is absurd and extremely unlikely.

      Still, this has only put a small dent in Ricaurte's reputation, since he is working for the "good cause". The science behind it doesn't seem to be important, it's the underlying goals. He is now involved in new NIDA research with the same goals as before, to "prove" that MDMA is an inheritly dangerous and evil chemical.

      For more information about the retraction, see the retraction itself [mdma.net] and the response from MAPS [maps.org].

      Science is the a very good method to make the world understandable, but the public would do well to be a tad more sceptical and understand that a scientific degree is no automatic proof of pure intentions or valid results, there is almost always bias. Especially when there are large sums of money involved.

  • By revoking his doctorate, they are saying 'this guy can't be trusted with this stuff'.

    If he claims to have the doctorate, and someone calls to verify, the Uni can say 'we revoked it for he does suck'.
  • Dry-labbing (Score:5, Funny)

    by AndyChrist ( 161262 ) <andy_christ.yahoo@com> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:15AM (#9405642) Homepage
    That kind of crap got you marked way down in my high school chem and physics classes.

    If i were older than the guy I'd be saying something along the lines of "What are they teaching kids these days?"

  • by abbamouse ( 469716 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:21AM (#9405665) Homepage
    I really am not comfortable with the idea of going back in time to revoke someone's doctorate unless academic misconduct led to its granting in the first place. This is part of a general principle: Once you assign the degree, no post-degree behavior should alter your judgement that this person fulfilled the requiremens for the degree. I don't care if you turn out to be a dictator, a Communist, a conservative, a liar, a child molester, a monk, a mass murderer, or a plumber. You met the requirements and earned the degree -- it's that simple. Degrees are not a measure of your worth as a human being -- they are certification that you successfully met a series of requirements, none of which include being a decent and honorable person.

    Now if you got the degree through academic malfeasance, that's a different matter -- but I checked the article and all of this guy's sins seem to have been post-graduation.
    • I do not agree entirely - your degree is certainly not a measure of your worth as a human being (for how do you measure such a thing?) but it IS a honorific. Therefore, if you behave dishonorably and - for want of a better word - besmirch your title, you should IMO lose it. You keep it, other people's PhD's will suffer inflation and lose their value as indicators of past achievements. I feel that it is an adequate punishment.
    • I really am not comfortable with the idea of going back in time to revoke someone's doctorate unless academic misconduct led to its granting in the first place.

      Agreed, but.
      Nothing definitive in the article, but the overall sense of it seems that it would be unlikely for him to start falsifying data when he got to Bell Labs. I am assuming that his work at Bell Labs was a continuation of the work he did in preparation for the degree.
  • FYI (Score:5, Informative)

    by mocm ( 141920 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:21AM (#9405668)
    I don't know how it is in the US, but in Germany you can get your PHD revoked when you misuse it for unethical purposes. You know that when you get it, it is in all the documents you get and sign.
    Since the PHD is a certificate that you are able to conduct scientific research, falsifying your data would certainly contradict this ability.
  • strange (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Janek Kozicki ( 722688 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:23AM (#9405678) Journal
    I'm doing a PhD in civil engineering field - numerical simulations of behaviour of concrete and reinforced concrete. And also I've done a lot of research in granular materials field.

    I think that I'll never understand what is the purpose for data falsification. Every, I say EVERY, scientist knows, that experiment that yields unexpected/bad results is a GOOD experiment. It gives new insight into how things work, it forces you to revise your model and change it. It leads you to change your model into a better one, and also it helps you in learning how to conduct scientifically correct experiments. Without failures and mistaken indeas humanity wouldn't learn anything.

    Lust for changing results moves science BACKWARD instead of forward. is of course childish, on no-one benefits from that, even the lier does not benefit.

    sorry about the rant, but I was really upset, and had to say that.
    • Re:strange (Score:2, Funny)

      by NSash ( 711724 )
      Every, I say EVERY, scientist knows, that experiment that yields unexpected/bad results is a GOOD experiment.

      Or, in the case of undergraduates, it means your instruments weren't properly calibrated, or you were jiggling the table with your knee, or you messed up the experiment in any of a thousand ways.
      • Re:strange (Score:3, Informative)

        that's why later I said: ...and also it helps you in learning how to conduct scientifically correct experiments.

        You are right, of course :)
    • Re:strange (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:33AM (#9405830)
      I think that I'll never understand what is the purpose for data falsification.

      There's a novel written by Carl Djerassi called "Cantor's Dilemma" [djerassi.com]. It touches the subject of motives behind data falsification, and also it is the very good literature.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:25AM (#9405681)
    he has a secure future in politics at least
  • The actual news article is brief and did not mention any academic fraud, so I am forced to assume that the degree is being recinded due to his actions since being awarded the degree. Do degrees "expire"? This is seperate from Medical degrees, at least in the US, as one can have a Medical Degree and still not be able to practice medicine due to medical licence requirements. Having a medical licence revokes does not remove the degree. This recall of advanced degrees leads to some interesting ideas. Wil
    • The actual news article is brief and did not mention any academic fraud, so I am forced to assume that the degree is being recinded due to his actions since being awarded the degree.

      Exactly. He was manipulating results. I don't have all the details in my head but reportedly, he used identical graphs to visualize results... problem was, there were very different tests which could not have produced those same results.

      Do degrees "expire"?

      Not AFAIK. But a academic degree basically shows your ability to
  • by Starji ( 578920 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @04:51AM (#9405744)
    Falsifying data is for high school and undergrad physics labs. Past that the data and lab procedure actually become important.

    Oh, and please don't tell my physics teacher I said that...
  • by romit_icarus ( 613431 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:03AM (#9405765) Journal
    As a PhD, I'd bet that every researcher is tempted to fake data. Or at least, has considered falsifying some data to get noticed, "What if i just chaged those data points.. etc"

    The reason why it's foolish to do so is:

    1. The premise of experimental oberved science is that it should be reproducible. At some point of time - and especially if your work gets noticed - someone, somewhere will duplicate your experimental coniditions and figure out that the results aren't there.

    2. This is more of a personal thing, but the fun of research is really the process not the results. If you're in it for the fame alone, buddy, you're in the wrong job!

  • When does (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:12AM (#9405784)
    Harvard take back George W Bush's MBA? I think one can find more than 16 cases where he used wrong or very misleading data, and that those cost way more than mere millions in terms of a increase national debt
  • by Anonymous Coward
    How many examples do we have where a person holding a PhD in business administration has faked corporate accounting data, hurting thousands of investors, stock owners, employees, customers and the market economy in general?

    How many of them lost their academic status?

    I rest my case.
  • by jimjamjoh ( 207342 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:40AM (#9405837)
    from the perspective of a degree as an object, something to be obtained, it is hard to fathom that it can be "revoked." however, if instead a degree is conceived as not merely a thing to be held, a possession, but rather a state of being (e.g. I am a doctor, as opposed to I have a doctorate), then a revokation here seems entirely justified, for in his falsification he undermined his claim to the status.
  • So its acedemia? (Score:4, Insightful)

    by thogard ( 43403 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @05:53AM (#9405868) Homepage
    A few years back on of my friends came to me and said "can you rewrite this from scratch and give me the results?" I told him sure, but its trvial I can can reuse code and he said no, use real data and rewirte it but don't use existing stuff. Aince the problem was simple enough, i did it from scratch and got his results. My code showed that the orginal stuff was bogas. This was about fractal dimention and the early work was a bit fudgeded but no one ever checked orginal work but kept dealing with the scam and/or wrong data.

    The scary thing is what happens when your PhD advisor happend to do his papers on this subject.
  • A reverse scenario (Score:5, Interesting)

    by sakusha ( 441986 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @06:19AM (#9405911)
    This story reminds me of a story I was told when I visited MIT long ago, maybe someone can verify it or fill in the details. There's a famous domed building on the MIT campus, a gymnasium I think, that was built on a geodesic frame with concrete cast over it, it was the first building of its type, built with plans carefully calculated by a PhD student of architecture. So a few years later, another PhD student comes along and as his thesis, does calculations on the building that showed there was a miscalculation in the original plans, and the dome would start to crack down the center within 10 years. The architecture faculty was furious, they had approved the prior PhD candidate's plans, they said there was no way there was an error in the design, and they rejected the poor guy's thesis, he never got his PhD and he left MIT.
    So of course, about 10 years later, the dome starts to crack. The architecture faculty digs up the guy's thesis, he was proven correct, and they award him the PhD he sought, and conduct repairs according to his recommendations.
    Now there was only one detail missing in this story as I heard it, what happened to the guy who designed the original plans? If there was any justice, he would have his PhD revoked.
    • doubt it (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Dayflowers ( 729580 )
      Don't be fool by the story. Its a nice story and all that, but I sincerely doubt it to be true.

      I like to believe Civil Engineering is a field that tries its best to bridge the gap between RL and science. Its really really hard to predict a structure's behaviour, and even more so to predict how that behaviour will change over time. Civil Engineering deals with alot of uncertanties, so anything one says about the expected behaviour of a given structure should always be considered as a "rough estimate", nothi
    • by Anonymous Coward
      Er, well, the building basically exists, but the students in your story do not.

      The building is Kresge Auditorium. [greatbuildings.com] It was designed by Eero Saarinen, one of the most famous architects of the 20th century. He also designed (e.g.) the St. Louis Arch [greatbuildings.com] and the TWA Terminal at JFK Airport. [bluffton.edu]

      A somewhat biased but detailed view of Kresge Auditorium is available here [psu.edu]. As you can see, no PhD theses are mentioned.

      The building's roof is a single thin concrete shell. The original design was very ambitious, such that
  • by ControlFreal ( 661231 ) * <`niek' `at' `bergboer.net'> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @06:27AM (#9405924) Journal

    While this person commited a "crime against science" that cannot be justified in any way, I think two comments are in order.

    First, there is an enormous pressure to publish in the academic world: the phrase publish or perish is heard a lot. The main reason for this is, that at a certain moment, people higher up in the management and funding chain wanted to know whether their money is spent well (or, equivalently: whom to give the money to).

    So, what people do to grade the quality or research, is to count publications. Generally, this count is weighted by the "impact factor" of the journal you publish in (if you publish in Science or Nature, the impact is much higher than when publishing in the Local Journal on BlaBla). Now, counting publications is of course a hideous way to grade science. But it gets worse: a whole new field of research (that is not worthy of the name) has been founded: Citation Analysis. Basically, a database is made of who references whom, and the quality-estimate for your research is based on that.

    Now, since the amount of money a professor gets depends on the publication-"score", he will put pressure on his people to publish. Again: publish or perish. This has given rise to the practice in which to try to smear one or two ideas over two or three publications: two or three low-impact pubs score higher than one medium-impact one. This, in turn, has given rise to a many many (very) low-pact journal that, frankly, contain mostly rubish; only to satisfy the bean/pub-counters and the funders.

    All this, is in no way whatsoever, reason enough to falsify data. But to all the people that started shouting about "hey, this guy broke the scientific rules so he's a piece of shit", I'd like to say: This publication pressure, rather than the person's ethics, likely is the problem.

    The second point I'd like to make is about the stripping of the doctoral degree: Even though it might be just, it's not necessary whatsoever; This guy is not getting a job in science anymore, degree or not. There are two things that spell doom on any scientific career: Faking, and Plagiarism. That's the end of your career, regardsless of the number of degrees you hold.

    • by wintermind ( 160780 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @09:05AM (#9406391) Homepage
      I am a full-time research scientist with the U.S. government; my performance reviews are based almost entirely on publishable research, so I very much understand the pressure to publish or perish. To heighten the sense of urgency, I am still in a three-year probationary period. I have to respectfully disagree with your statement that the issue is pressure to publish rather than personal ethics. The issue is entirely one of ethics: he was under an intense amount of pressure to publish, and he chose an unethical way to achieve that goal. There was no outside agency that forced him to make the decision that he did. He looked inside of himself and decided that cheating was acceptable. What is that, if not an ethical judgement?
  • by irving47 ( 73147 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @06:48AM (#9405962) Homepage
    "... working in the hot fields of superconductivity and molecular electronics"

    Better to bust your ass all day in the fields of superconductivity than the mines of gravity or the factory of photons...

    (It's 6:45am and i haven't gone to bed yet. be kind)

  • by alhaz ( 11039 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @06:59AM (#9405986) Homepage
    If you falsify data you're not a scientist, it's as simple as that. In order to be a scientist you have to be able to embrace failure.

    Being incorrect in your hypothesis is a step that takes you toward your ultimate goal. If you can't grok that, you're in the wrong line of work.

    You can't just forge ahead in the face of data to the contrary. That's the dark ages. You may as well start believing that the sun orbits around the earth purely because it suits you for it to do so.

    Bell Labs should sue him for fraud in addition to firing him. It's disgusting. It's an insult to humanity.

    Kick his ass, then send him to some country where they like pseudoscience.
  • My doctorate (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Lulu of the Lotus-Ea ( 3441 ) <mertz@gnosis.cx> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @10:44AM (#9406855) Homepage
    I have a Ph.D. in Philosophy... and I fully expect they'll revoke it if I were to say something false. :-).

    Ok... "true" story here: I got my doctorate degree from the once fine institution, the University of Massachusetts (no longer, thanks to our awful Republican governor... that's a different point).

    Once I got the diploma itself, I did the following. I printed out my name (David Q. Mertz) in almost-but-not-quite the same Olde-English-ish font that was on the diploma from the school. I printed on white paper, rather than the beige of the school document; and used temporary tape to attach my trimmed printout onto the face of the document.

    At my local copy shop, I made a color photocopy of the diploma, making sure that you could discern the color difference between the source paper stocks on a moderately close examination (but perhaps not at a passing glance). Then I sent the school diploma to my dad, who is somewhat sentimental about such things. And framed the copy in a frame, under glass... and that copy is hanging on my wall, right here in my home office.

    I kinda wish, from time to time, that I wasn't a freelance at-home writer... then I could hang my framed diploma at a work place or the like. Ah well...
  • by Dieppe ( 668614 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @11:58AM (#9407220) Homepage
    My first thought when I read this headline was "I've never heard of that degree program before. Data Falsification, eh? Might be a fun field to go into!"

    Well, I wouldn't want to lose my Degree for Data Falsification either... because then I wouldn't be able to go around making right data, well, wrong. Maybe it's a degree field dealing with random numbers or encryption?

    Second thought was: "He probably got his degree from one of those d1pl0ma spammers..."

  • by SmoothTom ( 455688 ) <Tomas@TiJiL.org> on Saturday June 12, 2004 @02:56PM (#9408199) Homepage
    I've seen various comments that falsifying important research data in an employer's project is not sufficient cause for the uni to 'recall' the ex-doctor's PhD. I believe it was.

    The PhD is more than just a 'rating' given to a person on completion of the required work, but is a 'stamp of quality' given to the person by the uni, and a direct reflection on the uni.

    If they were to just laugh and not do anything, it could (and should) affect how others view the 'quality' of a doctorate from that institution. Their 'correcting' their bestowal of the doctorate on this person by removing their 'stamp of quality' should also reflect on how people view the quality of a doctorate they issue.

    One last thing I'd like to mention is that my opinion(s) [slashdot.org] from the original SlashDot article [slashdot.org] in 2002 haven't changed.

    Tomas

  • by TastyWords ( 640141 ) on Saturday June 12, 2004 @10:36PM (#9410765)
    ...and some of the other comments in response to this one, it would appear some people are saying, "No blood, no foul."

    What if was in the field of pharmaceuticals and the data would be falsified? What would you do if you, family, friend, etc. were subjected to a medication which was passed as a product because of falsified data and severe problems developed? (How early would you go to wait in line to be the first one to sue?)

    Along the same lines, what if your "doctor" cheated on a critical test, boards, etc. and you (et al) were diagnosed and treated incorrectly (and painfully)? What if your "mechanic" managed to get a job (by whatever means) and something was either overlooked or he mistakenly broke something which he didn't mean to do because of incompetence?

    It can't matter in some situations and not in others.

    We had a friend in high school who lacked practically all common sense. He wasn't retarded, feeble, or whatever adjective(s) you want to use. Working the usual fast-food joints, problems would ensue. Drop a piece of meat on the flooor, "oops!", pick it up, and finish making the sandwich. Accidentally drop plastic-handled tongs in the french-fryer. "Jack, where are the tongs?" "oops!". The grease melted the plastic and the plastic ended up clogging some of the conduits. Time to bring in a repair crew, yank everything out & figure out what happened & repair it. Not a cheap process.

    "Not that big a deal."
    It doesn't matter in some fields and not in others

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