Energiya Pushes For A 6-Person Space Capsule 391
voss writes "Apparently the Russians want to build their own reusable capsule called the Clipper that can be used up to 25 times and can fit 6 people. They also say they can build their ship in 5 years. The key here is if they can get the funding. The shuttle will be retired in 2010 and with no credible replacement on the horizon...why doesn't NASA give the Russians a chance?"
Good for them (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Good for them (Score:5, Insightful)
(Yes this post is sarcasm)
Re:Good for them (Score:3, Funny)
Maybe now NASA will stop dilly-dallying around and get some new technology other than the outdated space shuttle.
I am confident that whatever "new technology" NASA gets will be a compromise between various mission requirements that the new shuttle will be billions of dollars overbudget and will do nothing the current shuttle cannot do, while being more unsafe.
Cynnicism, or realism? This is NASA, after all...
Re:Good for them (Score:5, Interesting)
Why compete? It would be more to the point if one of NASA's contractor's licensed the Energia technologies and simply modified them to NASA's specifications. It would also help Energia fund some of their more ambitious projects.
What's the point in reinventing the wheel?
Vaporware Space Race (Score:3, Funny)
I have no faith that manned space flight will ever get passed LEO in my lifetime
Re:Good for them (Score:5, Informative)
Great. Perhapse you can help ensure NASA gets a budget that matches its former glory?
Take a look at the CAIB report [www.caib.us]. Pay attention to Volume I, Chapter 5 [www.caib.us]. Read over section 5.3 An Agency Trying To Do Too Much With Too Little. Along with some very interesting text is some telling charts. NASA's funding in 1965 was a little under 4% of the national budget or $5,250 million (the equiv. of $24,696 million in 2002). Meanwhile, FY 2002 saw a budget of $14,868 million - less than 1% of the national budget.
How about using a meaningful comparison? (Score:5, Informative)
First, in 1965 the national budget did not include much money for certain programs which have exploded since then (for example, most of the Great Society stuff like Medicare). Comparing fractions of the budget without adjusting for huge changes in the portion of GNP which goes through the government makes any comparison suspect.
Second, the economy is several times as big now as it was then. Is something less important if you allocate 1% of 4*x to it instead of 4% of x?
Third, we have already solved many of the technical and engineering problems required to do the things we want to do in space (I think we should put a permanent population on Mars, others may differ). For instance, we already know how to maintain people in space for months at a time. We know how to handle ultra-cryogens such as liquid hydrogen; we now use them routinely in rocket boosters and other applications. We don't need to spend money to re-invent these wheels.
What NASA really needs is a mission and a reform of its bureaucratic mentality so that it can pursue it properly. It doesn't need more money, it needs to shed the albatross of the enormously expensive and obsolete Shuttle program so that the money can do something more useful than paying for an army of government contractors.
Re:How about using a meaningful comparison? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Wow, Russia finally get a new Space vehicle (Score:3, Insightful)
I'd take their modern safety record over NASA's any day.
The Russians don't get fancy. They figured out what works and stuck with the same design with only very slight evolution over the decades. That helps eliminate the variables. No foam or O-rings or other nonsense.
Even
no way (Score:4, Insightful)
And what makes you think NASA does not have a better one on their plans.
Re:no way (Score:5, Informative)
This is really a core difference in design/engineering philosophy between Russian and USA, and I think it definitely extends into their space programs. USA craft are very susceptible to slight malfunctions. Russian craft will be fine as long as you have a roll of duct tape or a bit of wood glue. Anyhow, my point I guess is just that, I think sometimes the Russian approach is more practical. I'd like to see what they would build.
Re:no way (Score:2, Insightful)
Or a wrench in the event of fire?
Re:no way (Score:2)
Re:no way (Score:2, Funny)
Bullshit: re NIH & Engineering Philosophy (Score:5, Informative)
Regarding the generalizations for strength/weaknesses in Russian and American aerospace products, particularly aircraft:
Russian airframes, landing gear, gearboxes... built tought to work in shitty conditions.
Russian turbojets, great while they work, but need to be rebuilt every few hundred flight hours.
Russian avionics/radar: relatively primitive and prone to crapping out.
American airframes: finely engineered and can take a licking. Landing gear: engineered for whatever a particular design's expected environment, pick one: candy-ass smooth USAF tarmac, a carrier deck, dirt strip.
American engines: reliable, last long time, 1000's hours between rebuilds.
American avionics/radar: used to crap out regularly, even if not as often as Russian... until Hughes and Westinghouse got their digital h/w worked out in the 80's, now tough as nuts and runs for weeks w/o swapping out.
Just as an example, ask the Royal Malaysian Air Force. They fly F-18 and MiG-29. Sure, the 29's were about a quarter the price of the 18's, but it's the 18's that are flight-ready almost 24x7.
Re:Bullshit: re NIH & Engineering Philosophy (Score:3, Informative)
Cheap Parts, But At What Cost? (Score:2)
Re:Cheap Parts, But At What Cost? (Score:4, Interesting)
For example, a friend of mine was on a mining job in Uzbekistan. They had taken over a mine and substantially upgraded the equipment with the latest western stuff. After a while, some major items (pumps) were switched back to the Russian models because although they broke down more often, the downtime and running cost was much less than the Swiss models.
Back to combat operations, this was one of the successful aspects of the Red Army during WW2. The Germans were living on the edge of an extended logistical supply pipeline and even though the Russians were local, the fqctories were often a long way away (Stalin moved his production as far away from the advancing Germans as possible) so easy maintenance was very important.
I don't know enough about modern military aircraft, but it would be interesting to put in a total picture including maintenance costs and logistics (part inventories and so on). I have an acquaintance that flies the big Antonovs, and swears by them (even though they too are forever engine swapping).
Re:no way (Score:2)
In any case, the point of my previous "bullshit" post was that it's premature to assume NASA won't - or won't be allowed to - fund Energiya to work on it's new design
Re:no way (Score:2)
Thats wrong in at least 2 ways.
- The Energia rocket dates back to Soviet times, and at that time the institute was not underfunded really.
- This technology is about as old as the Saturn 5 rocket. Using it is like saying that NASA took a 3 decade detour, which might be true, but is not likely what NASA wants.
Race for Mars? (Score:4, Interesting)
Re:Race for Mars? (Score:4, Informative)
I think that there's a good chance Energia is bluffing about the 660 ton Mars spacecraft. That's not another satellite launch - who's going to pay for that?
But assuming for a second that Energia is not bluffing, NASA would have to either play catch-up or compete on a different level. IANARS (rocket scientist) but as far as I know, Energia lifters are one of, if not the best of the breed. Unlike Buran, the launch vehicle that was going to lift it into the orbit (and did so once) - LV Energia [energia.ru] - has not been lost or forgotten. When it was designed and built, it could carry up to 100-120 tons into orbit, over 200 tons if fully expanded. The main difference from the STS being that the shuttle has its main engine on the spacecraft, while Buran was lifted entirely [buran.ru] by Energia rocket and attached liquid rocket boosters (i.e. spacecraft did not do any lifting of its own).
Now, as far as I know, nobody else including NASA has anything like this. While Energia design could be relatively easily used for lifting cargo other than Buran, I'm not sure the Shuttle main engine could be that easily ported or even comparable in power. If there's indeed a renewed competition in space and considering that there's still a lot to be said about lifting 660 pound spacecraft into LEO (not even about going to Mars and back), I am wondering what would NASA's plans be - play catch-up, or do something entirely different?
Again, IANARS, so feel free to correct.
Re:Race for Mars? (Score:3, Insightful)
Lol. And why isn't this just the thing to base a Mars effort that is an international co-operative effort?
This is one of the things that kills me about slashdot. What, in heaven's name, caused moderators to give this so many mod points? Ewithrow, bless their heart, didn't provide any links to outside references. The
Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars ship? (Score:5, Interesting)
660 tons? Wow. That's a lot of hard currency at work there. You think maybe the Chinese have put a back-order in for a ship to beat the US to the red planet?
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:2)
No kidding. According to some rough calculations I did, it's about five times the mass of Mir. Now that is a spacecraft. I hope they get the funding to build it.
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:4, Informative)
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:3, Funny)
<wistful>I wish Our Glorious Leader in the US could at least manage the same...</wistful>
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:4, Interesting)
The Saturn I's empty weight is about 85 tons, about 650 tons fueled... with a payload capasity of 120 tons into earth orbit, 45 tons to the moon.
While I'm all for a Mars mission... I'd rather that such a launch vehicel were to rendezvous with a space station, tank up, then launch.
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:2)
There is wisdom here. I'd still say it would be a wise move to focus on putting fuel into orbit rather then a space craft. The spacecraft is a trivial mass
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:4, Informative)
I would not be too concerned about seals. In low-G environment, and with low thrust, you get very low acceleration - and low vibration. Your washing machine probably has more stress on its pipes than a zero-G rocket engine.
A properly constructed rocket engine, which stays at 50-100K all the time, will be fine for many years. Satellites also have small engines for orbit correction, and they seem to be OK. All modern rockets (incl. Shuttle) have cryogenic fuel, experience thermal shock of 300 degrees C during fueling, and still work fine.
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:2)
Assuming we are talking seals on a typical H O2 type rocket, wouldn't it be a legit concern for seals having a limited lifespan due to what the tank contains, or just break down over time? After all, while an ion engine would be just spiffy to get to mars and back, I don't think they
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:3, Insightful)
Ion engine is indeed useless for a planetary launch. However it is kinda possibly OK for a long haul. All depends on what you want to accomplish. It is quite efficient, since its reaction mass is thrown away with a very high speed. But probably it is still too weak for any meaningful flight to Mars. I'd say, H2+O2 would be the best choice
Re:Forget the clipper. What's up with the Mars shi (Score:3, Interesting)
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/marpost.htm
To quote a little from this site:
In December 2000 Leonid Gorshkov of RKK Energia proposed a manned Mars orbital expedition as an alternative to Russian participation in the International Space Station. The expedition would also provide the means for reviving Russian ascendancy in space.
The Marpost (Mars Piloted Orbital Station) spacecraft would have a total mass of 400
I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:4, Insightful)
Now, this release isn't even going to be televised. The only initial outlet is a conference call for reporters only.
I'm ashamed of NASA and I am ashamed of our media coverage of science. When I was a kid, every space shuttle launch was televised. Taking 10-30 minutes of time out of my day to watch the occasional launch helped inspire me to think above the quagmire I was born into, to know there was something greater. Kids today get MTV and 24 hour news spin channels in 30 minute loops.
But hey, at least they get a nice, fast Internet and ~225 national channels of garbage via satellite.
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:2)
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:2)
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:3, Interesting)
I've been watching a lot of CNN lately and they cover a lot of the mars mission (ok they don't have 24/7 mars coverage but what the hell do you expect? "Oh and there's the rover traveling along at
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:2)
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:2)
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:2)
Re:I wish NASA was better at PR.. (Score:2)
25? (Score:3, Insightful)
What happened to the Buran? (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:What happened to the Buran? (Score:3, Informative)
Re:What happened to the Buran? (Score:2, Informative)
Re:What happened to the Buran? (Score:2)
However the last thing that I realy like, was that Buran could fly itself using bolt on propulsion modules containg Jet Engines. This means that ferrying it around from the landing strips back to the launch centre would have been easy.
Re:What happened to the Buran? (Score:4, Informative)
I have posted this before and will post it again. Buran program started at about the same time as the Shuttle, but was initially aiming for a smaller vehicle which could land nearly anywhere, not a specially prepared strategic bomber airstrip with 30 km to spare. There are pictures of a Russian Kiev class carrier group recovering one of the prototypes taken by a New Zeland destroyer as early as later 70'es in the pacific. In btw, it looks exactly as one of the competitors for the current NASA vehicle. IMO Energia should sue for plagiarism. Unless whoever was the proposer actually used their blueprints (which is quite likely, happens quite often lately, especially when congresscritters are not watching).
Unfortunately, at one point some idiot above issued an order for Buran to comply with the same spec as the shuttle while retaining automatic landing. This was the most stupid decision ever, because the shuttle spec is a result of political horse trading. Its capacity was increased at the last moment at the expense of other flight parameteres to get Pentagon funding. This resultted in it being pushed way beyond the limits of our engineering at the time (and possibly now).
This resulted in:
Instead of a small launcher Soyuz or Proton Class stage 1+2, Buran had to use Energia which meant a dependency on a launcher program which was in its very early stages at the time.
It stopped being economically feasible. Let's face it, the shuttle is not. It is the most expensive (in terms of dollar per killogram) launcher.
As a result after one successful fully automated test flight, and one take off incident it was mothballed. Someone finally did the books and the numbers did not come out.
If you do not believe me check how many Burans are actually floating around (one was even on sale lately). Basically Russia still has definitely more then 2. It does not fly them because it does not make any sense (financially) and because launching them requires building Energia launchers which for all practical purposes are too far from being sufficiently reliable for human launches. They simply have not been tested enough.
Re:What happened to the Buran? (Score:2)
Which is really "fun". :-(
NASA claimed that the Shuttle would become the cheapest transport known to man. (It was not only incompetence -- they knowingly lied about expected flight rates to get the $/pound down to the hundreds.)
The shuttle got so expensive that NASA had to throw their weight around to stop competition. (This is possible to argue -- maybe e.g. taking over and failing the Delta Cl
Re:What happened to the Buran? (Score:3, Informative)
Don't accuse others of not knowing Buran history when you cannot get it straight yourself.
What was recovered in the Indian Ocean (not the Pacific) was a very small (2-3m) model of an aerodynamic shape very different from Buran. While the Russian have never owned up to exactly what it was a subscale model of, it's believed today to have been a con
Reused up to 25 times? (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Reused up to 25 times? (Score:5, Insightful)
If the Russians say it's designed for 25 flights, I'd start to worry around flight 78 :-)
Re:Reused up to 25 times? (Score:3, Insightful)
why doesn't NASA give the Russians a chance? (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:why doesn't NASA give the Russians a chance? (Score:2)
Picture and more info (Score:5, Informative)
A nice picture and more information on the plan are in astronautix.com [astronautix.com].
The 14.5 tonne reusable lifting body would be used as a space station ferry and lifeboat, or could operate independently to shuttle tourists to space.
This is mainly based on proven technology, so there is a chance it may actually be built. Space tourism is also getting quite hot [spaceadventures.com] lately. They are planning to use another Russian designed spacecraft [spaceadventures.com].
Smart...!!! (Score:4, Interesting)
Re:Smart...!!!..and more (Score:3, Interesting)
Wouldn't it be swell if US taxpayers could (Score:3, Interesting)
Imagine what kind of amazing technology could NASA put out if they were getting $100B budget each year. We'd be all over the place in Solar system already and shuttle would be the most reliable thing in the world. Of course they will fail if you run them for decades!
Re:Wouldn't it be swell if US taxpayers could (Score:4, Interesting)
As you may see, I would have extreme problems with NASA getting so much money in its current form. It seems that many of the people from the current chief administrator downwards have lost their way, whther for space or aeronautiucs research.
partner up with ESA instead (Score:4, Interesting)
Re:partner up with ESA instead (Score:2)
Already tried that (Score:2, Interesting)
I can understand why ESA would be a little reluctant to try that stunt again.
Who'd want to fly the 25th mission? (Score:2, Interesting)
Well I'd hate to be on the crew for mission 25. "Hey guys, this is the last mission before your ship wears out and has to be scrapped! Who wants to fly her one last time?" No thanks, I'll take one with fewer miles on the clock!
Why would they design something which has to be 100% safe and say it will only last 25 times?
Margins of safety (Score:3, Insightful)
Just like a bridge engineer would design a bridge for 30 tons and rate it for loads up to 20 tons.
NASA can not fund Russians because of US law (Score:4, Informative)
AFAIK (Score:2)
Perhaps the answer is for the Russians to suggest that the program should tak
Why Doesn't NASA give the Russians a chance? (Score:2)
Massive money overruns that break ability working goodly.
At the same time NASA cancels RS-84 and X-43 (Score:3, Informative)
The official site of RS-84 does not mention it [boeing.com] but it seems to be true. I saw the announcement in usenet [google.com].
Why don't we give the Russians a chance? (Score:5, Insightful)
Then I did the math.
They've done about twice as many manned launches as we have, but lost only 4 people, while we've lost 14 so far. (Not counting Apollo 1.)
Maybe we should be looking more closely at their approach.
why doesn't NASA give the Russians a chance? (Score:3, Insightful)
Excuse me? (Score:3, Insightful)
How is it 'free trade' if companies ship all the decent jobs overseas, but unfair if someone with an advantage technically/militarily (the US) doesn't want to let others catch up?
Makes a lot of sense.
Crazy on a number of levels. (Score:3, Insightful)
Let's remember that the Russions almost killed the ISS due to cost overruns and overly optimistic projections. NASA had to bail them out again and again with U.S. taxpayer dollars.
Besides, even if this were feasible (and it isn't) it would be insane for the US to spend US tax dollars on this kind of R&D in another country. If the Russians can do it let them spend their own cash on it and persuade the Russian government to fund it.
Let's remember people that the space program is a gigantic job creation scheme, it takes money from us and uses it to fund jobs and development domestically. When it starts spending that money abroad we're all thoroughly screwed.
Doing fiscal irresponsibilty one better (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Russians Do It More Economically (Score:5, Informative)
Sorry, wrong. In 1971 a Soyuz crew was lost [wikipedia.org] when it depressurized too early, asphyxiating the astronauts inside. Soyuz 1 also killed it's occupant when it's main and reserve parachutes failed.
Makes the point though. (Score:2)
Re:Makes the point though. (Score:2)
And yes Soyuz 11 was 1971.
Re:Makes the point though. (Score:2)
Re:Makes the point though. (Score:2)
If it's all or nothing (ie. either everyone on board survives or everyone dies) then I'd want to know who has the lowest fatal to total flights ratio.
If it's not all or nothing (ie. some of the crew died while others survived) then I'd want to know the ratio of the number of deaths to the number of person-launches.
Re:Russians Do It More Economically (Score:5, Interesting)
There have been more than 800 soyuz flights (source: http://www.starsem.com/soyuz/introduction.htm).
If we assume on average ~2 (I believe its higher) cosmonauts for each soyuz, that means that ~ 1600 has travelled in a soyuz. Out of these 1600, 6 have died. => death ratio on: 6/1600 = 0.00375.
The space shuttle has had a total of 111 missions:
Challenger: 10
Columbia: 28
Atlantis: 26
Discovery: 30
Endeavour: 17
In these missions we assume an average of 6. (I believe its lower though). This makes the total of shuttle-astronauts: 666. With 14 dead this makes a death-ratio on: 14/666 = 0.0210.
(or about 5.6 times higher).
Now these figures are on "per traveller". But the risks are more associated with launches. On this front the soyuz has 2 failed missions in 800 and the shuttle has 2 failed missions in 111.
Then, of course, we have the costs. A soyuz-launch cost about 20 million dollars. A shuttle launch, on the other hand, cost about 500 million dollars (source: wikipedia).
BUT! What everyone is forgetting is that these 2 ships are not compareable. The soyuz is a human-crew only capsule and the space shuttle is a reusable crew & equipment lifter. However, the conclusions one can draw is that it might be more efficient and safer to launch humans in human capsules (reusable or not) and launch the equipment on a separate booster earlier. (This is how the russians have constructed their space stations in the past - which has worked). There is very little need in sending up the equipment and humans at the same time - unless you are in a hurry.
Re:Russians Do It More Economically (Score:3, Informative)
The correct number of _manned_ soyuz flights is ~87. This includes soyuz, soyuz-t, soyuz-tm and soyuz-tma flights.
So, the reliability of _manned_ flights is statistically approx. equal between sts and soyuz.
Ofcourse, soyuz hasn't had a serious accident since the seventies.
Re:Russians Do It More Economically (Score:2)
Unless of course you don't believe that Soyuz 1 never happened....
Soyuz 1 [svengrahn.pp.se]
The real safety record (Score:2, Interesting)
Their ground record isn't so great either. The disaster at Baikonur in 1960 killed at least 165 people [astronautix.com]. So I guess they don't really have a better safety record.
Re:Russians Do It More Economically (Score:2)
This is the same Russian space agency who had to rely on additional US funding to meet their lesser commitments to the ISS, right?
The Russian space agency is certainly capable when properly funded (a simular point can be made of NASA). And they are a very important part of the ISS. However, let's not forget that they face their own problems.
It'll NEVER get built. (Score:2)
Your numbers on deaths in space are bullshit:
Soyuz 1 April 23, 1967 Komarov died during reentry
Soyuz 11 June 30, 1971 Patsayev, Dobrovolsky & Volkov died during descent
Secondly, WHO IS GOING TO FINANCE IT? Russia? Fat chance, russia just doesn't have the money to do ANY development anymore. For over a decade, close to half of Russia's space program has been financed by NASA! Every single module the Russians furnished to ISS was delivered late and only after Nasa coughed up the f
Re:14 people in two incidents (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:14 people in two incidents (Score:5, Informative)
Shamelessly ripping off the Wikipedia Space Race page: [wikipedia.org]
- first artificial satellite - Sputnik 1 (1957, USSR)
- first animal in orbit - Laika - Sputnik 2 (1957, USSR)
- first spacecraft on moon - Luna 2 (1959, USSR)
- first human in space - Yuri Gagarin, Vostok 1 (1961, USSR)
- first orbital flight - Vostok 1 (as above)
- first dual flight (1962, USSR)
- first woman in space - Valentina Tereshkova (1963, USSR)
- first flight with more than one crew member - Voskhod 1 (1964, USSR)
- first spacewalk - Aleksei Leonov on Voskhod 2 (1965, USSR)
- first space rendezvous - Gemini 6/Gemini 7 (1965, USA)
- first space docking - Gemini 8 (1966, USA)
- first human orbital flight of moon - Apollo 8 (1968, USA)
- first human landing on moon - Apollo 11 (1969, USA)
- first space station - Salyut 1 (1971, USSR)
Depends what you mean by space and race.
Re:14 people in two incidents (Score:2, Insightful)
Notice that of the ten space stations that humanity has lifted into orbit, the ruskies put up eight (Salyut 1 through 7 and Mir), and one was put up jointly by an interna
Re:14 people in two incidents (Score:2)
"what is history but an agreed upon fable." - Nepolian.
Re:14 people in two incidents (Score:2, Troll)
Which, if course, ignores the current and previous ISS crews - all including US astronauts.
Nice try, trollboy.
Re: all including US astronauts. (Score:3, Insightful)
Re: all including US astronauts. (Score:2)
Re:14 people in two incidents (Score:2)
That was not Russia - it was Soviet Union.
Americans didn't.
Russians still send humans into space. Americans don't.
You sound as if NASA was shut down and no space flights are planned.
And you really believe that NASA sent people to the moon?Then you might as well believe in Alien Abductions, Santa Clause and the Tooth Fairy.
I see - Wookie Defence in action.
Russians are the true Space pioneers. They boldly went where no American has gone before
That was 40 y
Re:in case of slashdotting (Score:2)
That article was on CNN.
You should know - CNN is impossible to slashdot.
CNN servers were working on 9/11 taking millions and millions of hits and survived. Slashdot users would go unnoticed..
Re:This is a non-story (Score:2)
Re:Speaking of technology transfer. (Score:4, Insightful)
Yeah, it's new alright... From the linked page:
As for your other claims:
Topol-M: It's wobbling. Big deal. It's not as if the US has a functioning ABM defense.
Sunburn: It's nuclear, who cares if it slams into the deck or the side?
Shkval: We already know how they work.
Schmel: So what? An RPG with a fuel-air grenade, not exactly rocket science.
Re:Speaking of technology transfer. (Score:2)
T60-S [fas.org]
The signfigance of the Topol-Ms and the Sunburn is that they are only good for a direct confronation with the U.S. The Topols are road mobile which is a capability we don't even have. I haven't heard of the U.S developing any cavitating torpeodes for which there are no effective countermeasures yet. The whole Edmond Pope [agentura.ru] spy affair in Russia was about the U.S trying to get data
Re:Speaking of technology transfer. (Score:3, Informative)
Cavitate - ablade moving through the water creates a low pressure area on the trailing edge. If the blade moves too fast for the water to close in, an air bubble forms. The noise of cavitation is the bubble collapsing. The screw on a submarine will do this if accellerated too fast, caising a chirp that any half assed sonar tech can hear.
Formerly on the USS Silversides SSN 679 during the bad old days of the late 70's.
Yeowch!! (Score:2)
Good thing the Cold War is over, huh? Painful imagery ...
OT: Russia neither communist nor a democracy (Score:5, Insightful)
That's a good one; they're actually neither. They're rapidly morphing into the same kind of post-capitalist information oligarchy that everybody else is heading towards, wherein a veneer of democracy and free markets thinly disguises the fact that whoever controls the mass media has all the power.
Consider: China is heading towards free markets and (local) elections but keeps a tight grip on its media. In Italy the media czar is also the president, and brazenly changes laws so as to evade corruption charges. Across the Anglo-Saxon world, virtually all the mass media are in the hands of only a half-dozen moguls, and religiously toe the government line.
This new game is played by smart people, they've all read the sign of the times. It's the post-capitalist feedback loop of money and power: the media shape public opinion, public opinion elects politicians, the politicians decide where the money goes, the money buys control of the media. Welcome to the information society.