Explaining the Mars Photo Colorization 210
TaddyPorter writes "I've seen stories going around the 'net in regards to NASA editing photos of mars. Mainly, the sundial used for calibration showed different colors than the dial on mars. While a wide range of explanations were taking shape, the Pancam Payload Element Lead for the mission, Jim Bell of Cornell University, was kind of enough to explain the color differences."
Dont trust this man, he's part of the conspiracy!! (Score:4, Funny)
Actually, now it makes alot of sense. But that still won't stop the conspiracy kooks from claiming otherwise.
Re:Dont trust this man, he's part of the conspirac (Score:5, Funny)
His website was taken down immediatly after slashdot posted this.
His "truth" couldn't stand up to the slashdoting scrutiny!
Yo Grark
Re:Dont trust this man, he's part of the conspirac (Score:3, Funny)
That's just paranoid. The real reason they are colorising the images is because the Viking landings were faked, and now all the images from successful landings have to be altered to look like the Viking images, just to hide the sinister truth.
Re:Dont trust this man, he's part of the conspirac (Score:2, Funny)
Secret NASA photos. (Score:3, Funny)
Supposedly they have a picture of Martians humping Beagle2, but they edited it to look like a plain stewn with rocks.
Re:Secret NASA photos. (Score:3, Funny)
If blue=pink, then green=?? (Score:5, Funny)
Re:If blue=pink, then green=?? (Score:3, Funny)
It's gotta be yellow, why else won't the little bastards show themselves?
Re:If blue=pink, then green=?? (Score:2)
CBS made the same mistake with the elves in the Rudolph animated special from 40 years ago.
Green elves were really blue elves so green martians must really be blue martians, right?
You totally failed to understand the article... (Score:2)
The scientists are interested in the near infra-red, and infra-red is way on the other end of the spectrum from blue.
So they used the
moo? (Score:2)
Lets see, color is just our cognitive perception of a particular region of the EM and If human eyes could register X-ray radiation...
So lets see, you admit that human eyes cannot register X-ray radiation, so they cannot cognitively preceive X-rays, and you understand that color is our cognitive perception, but you conclude that X-rays *DO* have color anyway..?
OK, X-rays have color, but in the exact same sense that cows would fly if they were a lot lighter and, um, had wings... 8-)
Simply put, X-rays exis
Filters vs Bayer (Score:5, Informative)
They could have used a Foveon Sensor [foveon.com] if they didn't want Bayer interpolation.
Re:Filters vs Bayer (Score:3, Interesting)
red skies vs blue skies (Score:5, Insightful)
The questions are, of course,
So it looks like this particular annoyance has been around for a while.
Re:red skies vs blue skies (Score:5, Informative)
The Blue Skies of Earth (Score:5, Interesting)
The Russian Record [ummagurau.com]
This brilliant Russian photographer in the late 1800s/early 1900s took an amazing number of photographs, and he would photograph everything three times, with a red, blue and green filter.
He would then use a special triple projector with the appropriate color filters to show gorgeous color images, long before the invention of color film.
So today, we can put these images back together in Photoshop, but we have the same Mars problem, we have three color channels, but no clear idea how they relate to each other.
Lacking a color-calibration sundial, we have to rely on our knowledge of skin tone, sky color, etc to tweak these colors. The link above has a link to the raw files in the Library of Congress, for geeks who want to recomposite some of their own.
A Final Picture (Score:2)
Re:Filters vs Bayer (Score:2)
Re:Filters vs Bayer (Score:2, Funny)
Has it ever occured to you that you own personal current wet dream tech fantasy might have fuck-all to do with NASA's scientific requirements?
In conclusion: (Score:5, Insightful)
From end of article (yes, I skipped straight there... :))
There is simply no point in adding on their site "caution these images are not 100% precisely actual colors" when no digital image is really 'actual colors'.
Quite. In fact, I'd go as far as to say that NASA expected most of the people who were scrutinising these pictures to have some experience with astronomical imaging, where almost nothing is "true" colour in that sense.
Personally, I'm in favour of as much rebalancing as it takes to make the images pretty. If they don't make full use of my eye's ability to perceive them, then what was the point of spending all that money obtaining them in the first place? So long as the raw originals are available too, who cares?
You should have read the whole thing (Score:4, Informative)
There are two main reasons for the color shifts.
Reason one, some of the images are taken lower in the IR spectrum, and the pigments on the sundail are desighned to react differently in that part of the spectrum.
Reason two, all the images sent back have their individual RGB channels normalized, which is similar to using "auto levels" in photoshop.
But the important factor is this: the sundail has a mirror which shows both the sky & the ground, and has full white & black reagions, meaning that even a normalized image will come through unscathed by color changes. These colors are then used to match colors for the rest of the images.
Bottom line, the colors we see are as accurate as can be gleaned, not just made up to look pretty.
(You can test this with digital camera images of your own. Run Auto Level on them (which equalizes the color channels). If there are images that full of color, but have no areas of pure white & pure black, you'll likely get some whacky colors. I have a picture of the Charles river with blue sky, green grass, and purple water)
They couldn't send back exposure information? (Score:2)
Re:In conclusion: (Score:1, Troll)
You're beyond help.
Re:In conclusion: (Score:4, Informative)
Subliminal messages in movies are allowed. There's no law against it.
The only reasons they don't do it is because a) it doesn't work, and b) when audiences find out the theater is trying to brainwash them, they tend to stop going to movies. Negative publicity, you know.
Re:In conclusion: (Score:3, Informative)
http://www.midwinter.com/lurk/guide/037.html [midwinter.com]
Re:In conclusion: (Score:5, Funny)
Digicams and colors (Score:5, Interesting)
If you go into the camera application and aim the Clie' at an infrared remote control (like a TV or stereo remote), and hit one of the buttons on the remote, the PDA camera will pick up the infrared and actually display it visibly!
Re:Digicams and colors (Score:1)
Re:Digicams and colors (Score:2)
My webcam always shows up infrared as a blue-white glow around the emitter. Kind of amusing.
Re:Digicams and colors (Score:5, Interesting)
Video Cameras and digital cameras have to filter out this sensitivity to get true colour.
Sony uses this IR sensitivity in their "Nightshot" feature on vidcams. Instead of filtering out the IR component, they use it. It throws off the colour rendition but uses ambient and generated IR to show stuff at night.
I was at a lodge in Kenya just after dusk, and was told that there was a leopard in at a baited tree across the river. It was too dark for me to make it out, so I set up my camera on a tripod, and quickly had a crowd around the LCD watching a very clear picture of the leopard!
And I discovered years ago that a CCD vidcam will show the light from a remote. I've used it quite a few times to verify that a remote is actually working.
Re:Digicams and colors (Score:2, Insightful)
True, and the one on the Spirit Rover goes up to appoximately 1100nm.
However, that does NOT excuse the so-called "color" photos from NASA, nor does the excuse presented in the linked text. Why?
Simple reason - As the link mentions, the Spirit Rover sees the world through two identical cameras, with a set of 14 (16 with 2 pairs overlapping) narrow bandpass (around 20nm wide) color filters.
Now, it may well hold true, as per the link, that the blue p
Keith Laney's a moron. (Score:2)
They have widely varying response curves all over the visible spectrum. Combining them all will make a huge, lumpy response curve centered somewhere around the red visible, but emcompassing and emphasizing frequencies well outside it!!! It will be completely unrepresentative of what the eye would see on Mars. The same goes for all the other simple mixing he's doing, adulterating the other bands.
Th
Re:Keith Laney's a moron. (Score:2)
For dealing with an emission spectra for a homogenous substance, true, you can't just average 670 and 600 to get 635. True enough.
For most "real world" reflectively-illuminated objects, composed of a wide variety of different substances, yes, you can. Granted, you'll have gaussian rather than linearly-tapering peaks, but you can get "close enough".
The filter response for L1-8 are NOT notch
Re:Digicams and colors (Score:4, Funny)
Leopards.... I'd expect more from a /. user....
Re:Digicams and colors (Score:2)
see through clothes? (Score:2)
Screw the camera. (Score:2)
Tim
Re:Screw the camera. (Score:2)
Tim
Conspiracy theorists (Score:4, Insightful)
I think the problem here is twofold: we tend to want to believe (or at least listen to) conspiracy theories, particularly to do with space. Also, the evidence is presented in such a way that, if you are unfamiliar with the odd nature of the vacuum of space and of space travel, it sounds reasonable.
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:5, Interesting)
>example, and each one is rather easily shown to be wrong by anyone with experience in such things.
My favourites are the 'pictures of alien moon bases'. Many of these prove to be blowups of astronomical JPG files. The compression algorithm used in the JPG format introduces artificial distortions in the details of images, so it's not surprising they find all sorts of weird looking shapes when they magnify the pictures.
Simon Hibbs
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
By all means, explain what compression artifact in the JPEG algorithm, or natural process occuring on Mars, accounts for the top two images (in the left column, not the Viking contexts) at this [usgs.gov] page, containing raw images from the Mars Global Surveyor dataset.
Keep in mind that each p
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
Thanks for the correction.
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
I did not say that. I only said "organic-looking", not the same as "giant sandworms".
I don't really think we would have missed something as obvious as very large critters living on the surface of Mars. But, as I asked, do you have any suggestions of what natural, non-biogenic processes would cause such unusual structures?
Skepticism usually benefits science, and I credit you with that. But sarcasm and does not, s
I see a ridge line of soft soil (dunes?) (Score:3, Informative)
You can tell its wind-based by the similar bottom-left to top-ri
Re:I see a ridge line of soft soil (dunes?) (Score:2)
Very cool, but definitely not organic. You would see this kind of thing at the beach if we have hurricane force winds all the time.
Ah, many thanks, and I mean that sincerely. You've just provided the single most informative response to a Slashdot comment I've seen this month.
Alas, having already posted in this thread, I can't mod you up, but, have a token +1 anyway.
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:1)
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
That's gotta be the dumbest thing I've ever heard.
Re:Conspiracy theorists (Score:2)
That guy's website... (Score:2)
No wait, it looks like a hack-job whacko's website!
Not the first time I've seen it pushed here.
If detailed analysis means he would take each raw exposure image of the "machinery" and, considering the response curves, building a likelyhood estimate model of the chemical composition due to reflectivity across various bands, and produce a list of likely material compositions...
Oh wait, he's making speculations based on what it "looks like" from a grainy photo?
Give me a
Little Green Men (Score:1, Redundant)
Great explanation, but why... (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Great explanation, but why... (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Great explanation, but why... (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Great explanation, but why... (Score:2)
So what are they for? The advancement of science? But to what end? The betterment of mankind? The thrill of pure knowledge? But then isn't the thrill of a pretty picture just as important?
Re:Great explanation, but why... (Score:5, Informative)
Mirror (Score:5, Informative)
Mirror! (Score:5, Informative)
Bitmapped horizon (Score:3, Interesting)
Aside of the odd colors, I found this one of the most interesting anomalies in the pictures so far.
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:3, Interesting)
That's what I thought too, until I tried to reproduce that. Try it with Photoshop or another photo-editing app, you will not be able to get a sharp pixelated line like that when using JPEG-compression.
That should read as: At least I couldn't :-)
Re: (Score:1)
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:1, Funny)
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2)
The entire image is a bitmap, because that's the way digital cameras work. It's just more obvious when you have a sharp boundary to look at.
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2)
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2)
I think the horizon is too far away for us to see any detail of rocks near the horizon. If you zoom in with an image editor, you will see that the rocks also look "pixelly," but since it's dark brown against a somewhat less dark brown, it's not that noticeable. But the sky is so much lighter than the ground that a pixel t
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2)
The halo effect you describe is probably either overexposure or a sharpening artifact. I've certainly seen pixellation in digital photos when a dark object is seen against the sky.
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:5, Informative)
I'm sure they will make some more full-res colour panoramas that include the sky eventually.
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2)
Every single pixel in the sky is exactly 0xD6A57A, which is very extraordinarily unlikely in a CCD-produced image. The only obvious answer is that the sky in this particular image was painted out for some reason. The sharp pixels on the horizon are a side-effect of this. (Side note: they could have done a better job of this by alpha-blending a couple of pixels down.) Why they did this, I don't know. I'm sure it wasn't to
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2)
Just a guess (IANANE}, but it looks like they cut out the sky and replaced it with a solid color. Instead of using various alpha levels to make it blend properly, they used one-bit transparency, making the line look bitmapped.
Re:Bitmapped horizon (Score:2, Funny)
The truth is out. Mars is made of Legos!
Article text (Score:5, Informative)
Posted by: Kano
On: Sun January, 18 2004 @ 03:34 GMT
This article is a brief summarised explanation of how the PanCam on the Mars Spirit Rover operates, in relation to the strange appearance of the calibration sundial in some pictures. The question was first raised by ATS member AArchAngel, and has been discussed at length in this AboveTopSecret forum thread and ATSNN story:
thread
Mars Spirit Rover Picture analysis.
In this thread I will attempt to summarise my posts to the larger thread.
What are you talking about?
Ok, the initial alarm was raised after it was noticed that the color-calibration sundial mounted on the rover, looked quite markedly different in the Mars-Panorama shots compared to its regular appearance.
Immediately wide-ranging theories began to pop up. At this stage I knew very little of the particulars of the PanCam so I decided to go and see what the Horses mouth had to say. I sent out a swag of emails to the NASA marsrover team, the Athena Instrument team at Cornell University, and the long shot, an email to Assoc. Professor James Bell. Who is the Pancam Payload Element Lead for the mission.
Now, getting no response from the Athena team, and an automated response from the NASA team. I was amazed and delighted to see that Dr. Bell had indeed taken the time out of his busy schedule to help explain this quirk in the panorama pictures. His email response is below:
quote:Thanks for writing. The answer is that the color chips on the sundial have different colors in the near-infrared range of Pancam filters. For example, the blue chip is dark near 600 nm, where humans see red light, but is especially bright at 750 nm, which is used as "red" for many Pancam images. So it appears pink in RGB composites. We chose the pigments for the chips on purpose this way, so they could provide different patterns of brightnesses regardless of which filters we used. The details of the colors of the pigments are published in a paper I wrote in the December issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), in case you want more details...
All of us tired folks on the team are really happy that so many people around the world are following the mission and sending their support and encouragement...
Thanks,
Jim Bell
Cornell U.
Now, as far as the pink tab where the blue one should be, that email is infact the complete answer. But its not easily understandable to the layman. Below I will attempt to explain why this occurs.
Click here to read comments or post your own.
Displaying the first 12 replies to this news story...
Posted by: Kano
On: Sun January, 18 2004 @ 03:35 GMT
Digital Cameras
Firstly, we need to understand how the PanCam, and indeed digital photography in general works.
Luckily for us we have our good friends at http://www.howstuffworks.com to turn to.
How Digital Cameras Work
It would be worthwhile to read the entire article on howstuffworks, for a fuller understanding of the processes at work. But because I know you are all busy (lazy?) I will summarise.
Basically, the heart of a digital camera is the charge coupled device or CCD. This CCD converts light hitting it into electrical impulses, the brighter the light, the stronger the impulse. Now, CCD's are color-blind. All they do is signal how bright the light hitting them is. All well and good for black and white photography. But for color we need to do more. To get a color-picture. We need to record images via the CCD using a series of 3 filters. A Red filter, a Green filter, and a Blue filter. These are then recombined afterwards to give a color-representation of the picture. (Note, cheaper options like the Bayer filter pattern are often used in commercial digital cameras, but they use interpolation and are subsequently less accurate than 3-filter methods.
Never True Color
Quite a big deal has been made o
Coloring. (Score:2, Insightful)
But can they tell if they do that and also provide pictures with alternative coloring so that the recipient have choice.
That would seem reasonable to me.
They can do that, and still Edit away all the alien artifacts...
Re:Coloring. (Score:4, Informative)
Re:Coloring. (Score:2, Funny)
Imagine what would happen if the Nazi's had Mars probes. They would dink around with the colors to make them 'Arien' pure.
And, the Soviets would probably make it even redder to match their flag.
The UN would make it all gray to not offend anybody.
John Lennon would make it Psychodelic.
Michael Jackson would make it increasingly paler on each successive mission.
Colorization? (Score:2, Funny)
*sigh* (Score:3, Insightful)
The link in the article is of course slashdotted now, so here's another one explaining how a camera on the rover works:
The Panoramic Camera (Pancam) [nasa.gov]
Pay particular attention to the last paragraph there.
Re:*sigh* (Score:4, Informative)
NASA has a broad spectrum of image data from Mars.
They could use this data to present a picture of
Mars as it actually appears, or they could use the
data to present a picture of Mars which does not
represent the actual appearance. By making the
latter choice, they misinform the public.
In this way, they put themselves in the same class
with persons who offer misinterpretations of image
data from the moon landings to argue that those
landings were hoaxed: Both publications serve to
misinform an already woefully misinformed public.
Re:*sigh* (Score:2)
They could use this data to present a picture of
Mars as it actually appears, or they could use the
data to present a picture of Mars which does not
represent the actual appearance. By making the
latter choice, they misinform the public.
Hmm...? But they still do it very often and explicitly tell when they do. Just look at this recently released image for example:
The rover's first exploration rock [nasa.gov]
That one is supposed to be "true color" for example. I could
Re:*sigh* (Score:2)
They could use this data to present a picture of
Mars as it actually appears, or they could use the
data to present a picture of Mars which does not
represent the actual appearance.
They certainly can (and occasionally do) manipulate an image to simulates what an imaginary human visitor might see, but you can hardly blame them for preferring to show the real data, which is really more honest.
The EPT Answer (Score:1)
Once again, this link could be useful (Score:5, Informative)
- Why isn't the Martian sky blue like the Earth's? [nasa.gov]
That page includes images using colors-close-to-what-a-human-eye-would-see-them-a
Raw image data (Score:2, Interesting)
The L4 Filter!!! (Score:2, Interesting)
Why isn't the Spirit team using the L4 filter?
The L4 filter passes light at 600nm, right on the red channel for RGB. Combine that with L5 + L6 and we have a perfect RGB channel image to end all this bickering.
Yes, it would be a narrower frequency band and less scientifically interesting because of the lack of sensitivity in the near infrared. Yes it would
Re:wow (Score:1)
Text of the link (Score:1, Redundant)
TOP STORY: NASA Is Not Altering Mars Colors.
Posted by: Kano On: Sun January, 18 2004 @ 03:34 GMT This article is a brief summarised explanation of how the PanCam on the Mars Spirit Rover operates, in relation to the strange appearance of the calibration sundial in some pictures. The question was first raised by ATS member AArchAngel, and has been discussed at length in this AboveTopSecret
Hey, this is Slashdot! (Score:1)
"I am colorblind you insensitive clod?"
Re:They left out the most obvious explanation (Score:1)
Re:I'm confused... (Score:1)
Re:The Americans Faked The Landing (Score:2)
Does anyone know when "The Moon Landing Special Edition" will be out on DVD?
I heard someone just bought the rights to do a big-budget remake sometime this decade. Betcha it's not as good as the original though.
Meesa jar-jar-Bush!, erm, etc.
Re:What about the aliasing on the horizons? (Score:2)
Re:What about the aliasing on the horizons? (Score:2, Informative)
Re:What color is the night sky on earth? (Score:2)
Well, then why not say "red" since sunset is during the day?
The night sky is black because there is almost no light striking it; the daytime sky is blue most of the time because light is striking it at a particular range of angles and at sunset/rise it is red because the light is striking it at a different range of angles.
It doesn't make much sense to say that the sky is a particular colour independant of the light passing through it. Or, at least
Re:What color is the night sky on earth? (Score:2)
Only if the moon is up (since moonlight has about the same spectrum as sunlight). In the absence of the moon, the night sky is red. The light comes from molecular emission from the atmosphere. Scattering of blue doesn't come into play if you don't have a source of blue light (e.g. the sun or moon).
Here [noao.edu] is a night-sky spectrum at Kitt Peak. Note the OH emission in the red. Also important is sodium light pollution ("Na D" and "HPS") even we
Re:What color is the night sky on earth? (Score:2)
Um, no. The only reason the sky is blue is because we're looking at it in blue-green light - the Sun. The Sun's spectrum peaks in the blue-green - not the orange that we see, because the blue is scattered in the atmosphere. Rayleigh scattering actually peaks in the violet, not the blue, so depending on how you define color, the color of the sky should probably be purple. If you put the sky underneath a uniform spectral source (something with a f
Re:Dear NASA (and your fanboys) (Score:4, Insightful)
Wow, you read the article, but apparently missed the entire point! I'm impressed.
CCDs are color blind. They take intensity maps only. Generally, they use R, G, and B filters with wavelengths as listed in the article. Many of the pictures were taken with an "R" filter that has a much longer wavelength than the usual R.
You can't "throw away" wavelength information because you don't have any. All you have are intensity maps at 3 wavelengths. You simply do not intensity maps at the middle.
If you want NASA to put out only near-true-color images, enjoy. I'll take all the other pictures and not worry so much, along with the rest of the normal humans. Of course, you'll also still have to deal with the fact that CCDs respond linearly to intensity and your eye is (somewhat) logarithmic, so any time you look at a bright source, everything will be completely wrong. Of course, everyone already knows this - pictures never look exactly the same as reality, unless they've been very very carefully taken with someone comparing the result to what they see with their own eyes, or in very controlled circumstances.
Want to know what Mars really looks like to the human eye? Go there (*). Currently, there's no other "real" practical way, without building some very expensive (and very useless) piece of equipment.
(*: You could also calculate it because you know the atmosphere and you know the input spectrum. NASA has - it's something like a yellowish-brownish-red ("butterscotch", they call it).
Re:Dear NASA (and your fanboys) (Score:2)
"In the FALSE images that NASA has chosen to show the public, color odities have been edited out. Clearly this demonstrates that Spirit burned up in the Martian atmosphere due to anoth
Re:Dear NASA (and your fanboys) (Score:2)
This is why stellar magnitudes are listed in a logarithmic scale, as well, so that "twice as bright" stars are (somewhat) twice the magnitude (There's linear scaling that I can't quite remember: I want to say a factor of 5 in magnitude is a