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Space Science Technology

India Test-Fires Cryogenic Rocket Engine 256

alphakappa writes "Wired News reports that India has successfully testfired a cryogenic rocket engine that can be used to 'launch high-altitude satellites, send a man to the moon -- or build intercontinental ballistic missiles'. The rocket which typically has to fire for 12 minutes during flight was fired for 17 minutes during ground testing. So are we gonna see competition in the moon race? Remember, India has already spoken about sending a mission to the moon and it has joined the Galileo consortium along with China."
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India Test-Fires Cryogenic Rocket Engine

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  • Before (Score:4, Informative)

    by Gyan ( 6853 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:15AM (#7652938)
    anyone comes out and spouts the "stolen or bought technology" meme, the Wired article says

    India's bid to develop its own cryogenic engines suffered several setbacks. In 1992, Russia agreed to give India the technology but reversed the decision after Moscow signed the Missile Technology Control Regime with the United States. Washington objected to giving India the technology because of its potential use for nuclear missiles.

    Russia later agreed to sell fully built engines, without passing on the technology, to India.

    India developed a rudimentary form of its cryogenic technology in 2001 and several tests were held after that to fine-tune it.
    • Re:Before (Score:2, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward
      No need for the stolen "theme", I am glad that they are able to develop their own rocket technology... which I guess that means they no longer need the economic aid, right?

      Just like China I guess, they can send people in orbit... I guess they no longer need foreign monetary aid.

      As far as I can see, it is all good news now. It is gonna save us a bunch of money now, oh wait...
    • Re:Before (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:51AM (#7653019)
      Why steal? A significant of the students in US science and engineering programs are Indian, and I don't know how many are from China. It's funny, the US will "teach a man to fish" in countries that it bitches about IP theft, and will "give a man a fish" to 3rd world countries who really need some sort of economic base. Dumbasses.
    • I assume you have never heard of reverse engineering? You can bet they did some of that! I also suspect they have hired a few unemployed Russian rocket engineers. If you want to get there fast you pay for outside knowledge, and learn from the masters. To go from "rudimentary" to what they have now in 2ish years isn't possible without some expert advice.
    • Re:Before (Score:5, Insightful)

      by MoP030 ( 599234 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @09:43AM (#7653160)
      Before anyone comes out and spouts the "stolen or bought technology" meme
      ...we should recall the meme that US and Soviet rockets are based on German rockets (further developed by German scientists).
      • Re:Before (Score:2, Insightful)

        by tealover ( 187148 )
        Yeah, it was bad timing for the Germans. If they had waited a couple of years to begin WW2, they probably would have had usable rocket technology which may have changed the course of the war.

        Thankfully, Hitler was an egotist and pushed thousands of German intellectuals out of Germany and to America and other Allied nations.

  • moon race? nah... (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Barbarian ( 9467 )
    So are we gonna see competition in the moon race?

    No, we're just going to see India launch a few satelites to show that they can (because if you can launch a satelite, you can build ICBM's), I doubt they will want to go to the moon.
    • Re:moon race? nah... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Brahmastra ( 685988 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:41AM (#7652988)
      This ICBM nonsense seems to be floating all over the place. Only a bloody idiot would use a cryogenic engine for an ICBM. You don't need to build a god damned geostationery satellite launch vehicle to build an ICBM. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle which has been operational for many years now can easily be converted to an operational ICBM. Cryogenic engines just add the need for a lot more ground facilities for a launch. There just isn't a need for an ICBM since China and Pakistan are right next door to India. The attitude seems to be.. "oh India's launching satellites? It must be for something bad." Get over it assholes.
      • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:48AM (#7653008)
        Lets also be realistic here; the only place India would want to hit with an ICBM is Pakistan, and they already have more conventional rockets which are plenty capable of doing that.

        This rocket is just because they can, and no doubt also an attempt to attract international investment. After all, this is a great adverstisment for the education standards of your workforce if you're able to achieve complex technological goals like this.
        • Why just Pakistan? (Score:2, Insightful)

          by bj8rn ( 583532 )
          India has the second largest population in the world. They have nuclear weapons and are capable of building ICBM-s to carry those nukes. Now, why in the world should Pakistan be the only place they want to hit with those nukes, if they have the means to for more? Why not take on China or the Muslim world? I think the rocket is a way of showing the rest of the world that India is a player, too.
        • Call me pedantic but, you don't fire Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles at neighbouring countries...
        • by satyap ( 670137 )
          This rocket is just because they can, and no doubt also an attempt to attract international investment. After all, this is a great adverstisment for the education standards of your workforce if you're able to achieve complex technological goals like this.
          After all, that's the same reason why NASA exists.
        • Of course, they do have a lingering border dispute with China as well. [cia.gov]

          Distance between New Delhi and Islamabad: 406 miles (653 km) [indo.com]

          Distance between New Delhi and Beijing: 2341 miles (3768 km) [indo.com]

          None of the USA's current fleet of ICBM's (AFAIK) use cryogenic motors for their primary stages. However, previous generations certianly did, (Redstone, Titan, etc)

          Although this rocket may very well be intended for civilian or commercial service, I think that it is also to demonstrate to the world India's contin

        • IIRC, Inda's public statements are to the effect that they are more worried about China than Pakistan. Sure the war with Pakistan is hotter, but in the end they claim to see Pakistan as a threat they can deal with, without using nukes. China is a much harder threat to deal with. Pakistan has said essentially the same thing: China is a bigger threat than India.

          Having talked to a few people from each of the above I'd agree. The Chinese are used to being brainwashed and controled in some areas that makes

        • Lets also be realistic here; the only place India would want to hit with an ICBM is Pakistan, and they already have more conventional rockets which are plenty capable of doing that.

          Not quite. India and China have had an ongoing border dispute for many years now. The two countries view one another with suspicion and are engaged in an arms race.

          Best wishes,
          Mike.

        • Maybe not (Score:2, Interesting)

          by tqft ( 619476 )
          Strategically Pakistan is a dead end for end India - no energy resources, strategic position/commodities and lots of friends who would get angry (including 100+m people internal to India). And Pakistan can also hit back.

          Who has all this stuff that India will want and need and will be dumped by their friends if India grab for it?

          Look at a map.

          Why has India being building a blue water navy?

          Where could they go with it?

          Australia. Unless you think India wants to take on another 100+m Muslims by annexing I
      • by Latent Heat ( 558884 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @01:45PM (#7654380)
        James Harford's "Korolev" talks about how Korolev held out for a kerosene-LOX (cryogenic usually means LH2, but LOX is cryogenic enough) ICBM while everyone else wanted to go with the storable UDMH-N2O4 fueled rocket, which Korolev disliked for the very corrosive and toxic chemicals, and which resulted in a horrific accident in which Nedelin, the military guy in charge of ICBM's and many workers died.

        Anyway, how do you keep a kerosene-LOX rocket on the pad on any kind of alert status (i.e. able to launch in some time less than several days of prep)? The idea was to keep it plugged in to a supply of LOX so as LOX boils off, you pump in more. In a test, they had a leak on a LOX feed line to the rocket, so one of the technicians, like, whipped it out and took aim at the leak -- that froze over and plugged the leak. I work with a fellow whose favorite expression is "running around peeing on all of those problems" and here is where someone did it for real.

  • I think not. The IC in ICBM is inter-continental - however India's rivalry has always been with Pakistan, who are on the same continent (thus no ICBM required for nuclear destruction). So hopefully this won't bother Pakistan at all.
  • by kettlehead ( 704978 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:25AM (#7652961)
    "manned mission to the moon...."
    Am i the only one confused. Indias moon ambitions were said to be restricted to only firing a unmanned galileo type mission to the moon. Which is pretty simple considering that they were planning to use the existing GSLV(Geo-Stationary Launch Vehicle) set-up. Why the sudden shift to a manned mission? A manned mission to the moon will never happen in India because of a number of reasons most notably the fact that we spend peanuts on space, compare isro's(indian space research org.) budget to NASA.

    Also i thought GSLV - the satellite launch vehicle was totally indigenously built, Though WIRED seems to claim that the engine was Russian!
    Anyway i think its a great achievement considering the amount India spends on space research.
    • Every other component of the GSLV was built in India. The Cryo engine came from Russia.
    • by mikeee ( 137160 )
      Same reason the US did such a useless thing, to keep up with the communists (Chinese, in this case).

      It wasn't all that long ago China and India fought a small border war; their relations are not particularly friendly.
      • Re:why the shift? (Score:3, Insightful)

        by Glock27 ( 446276 )
        Same reason the US did such a useless thing

        Excuse me, but are you referring to the Apollo program as "useless"? If so, you are a fool.

        In terms of long-term scientific and technological returns, the Apollo program in particular, and NASA in general have been some of the most well-spent gummint dollars in history.

        It is also very hard to put a value on even one smart child who is inspired to do something great. I have never seen anything more inspirational in my life than the first man setting foot on th

    • The actual quote is:

      Sharma said the technology was "crucial to the ultimate moon shot," alluding to India's plan to send a manned mission to the moon before 2015.

      It sounds like it's the journalist who concluded that the "moon shot" was about sending a man to the moon instead of just a satellite.

      Never attribute to malice what can just as easily be accounted for by bad journalism.
  • Moonshot? (Score:3, Insightful)

    by jabberjaw ( 683624 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:28AM (#7652968)
    So are we gonna see competition in the moon race?
    Perhaps we should wait until India has actually placed someone in orbit before talking about a moonshot? I am all for an increase in competition when it comes to space, but aren't we getting a wee bit ahead of ourselves?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:35AM (#7652977)
    Is this because Dell wants a tech support center on the Moon?
  • I, for one (Score:3, Funny)

    by Gothmolly ( 148874 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:44AM (#7652996)
    welcome our new cryogenic Indian overlords.
  • great news! (Score:5, Interesting)

    by davejenkins ( 99111 ) <slashdot&davejenkins,com> on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:47AM (#7653004) Homepage
    prices for thowing things into orbit will only come down when there is some straightforward competition. It is good to see more players in the field, and it is good to see various technologies tried-- I doubt this is the most efficient, but let them give it a shot.

    Rocketry is yes-- rocket science-- but certainly within the grasp of "second tier" tech nations like China, India, Brazil, and Korea.
    • Brazil isn't there yet, the latest attempt (about 3-4 months) ago blew up on the pad during a countdown rehearsal. That accident killed a number of scientists and trained workers and set them back a bit. When India and China get the high reliability rockets sure as the ones the Russians, US and France have then we'll have true competition. I guess in a few years we'll see Rocket Scientist jobs outsourced to Inida ;) I'm all for cheaper access to space provided by commercial enterprises if that means we can
    • Re:great news! (Score:3, Interesting)

      by suitti ( 447395 )
      We have straitforward competition already, more or less. Arian, Proton, H2, Long March, Taurus, Pegasus, Titan, Atlas, Delta, Shuttle, etc.

      Lots of countries restrict export of payloads, leading to restriction of competition.

      One problem is that there aren't enough paying payloads to support these launchers.

      The biggest lifters, Saturn V and Energia have been discontinued - despite economy of scale. The shuttle has enjoyed continued funding despite high cost. The ISS would have been MUCH cheaper if lif

  • by RealProgrammer ( 723725 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @08:51AM (#7653020) Homepage Journal

    I: We will be having giant-sized moon rocket now.

    P: You think you are becoming big shot with moon rocket now?

    I: We are becoming superpower now.

    P: You are not now.

    I: We are too now.

    P: We will be building bigger rocket now.

    I: You are not now.

    O: We are too now.

    I: All of your bases are belonging to us now.

  • Cool! (Score:5, Funny)

    by Tim ( 686 ) <`ude.notgnihsaw.inmula' `ta' `rmit'> on Sunday December 07, 2003 @09:09AM (#7653070) Homepage
    Now we can outsource our space program!
  • by Anonymous Coward
    The change is kinda interesting. Countries pouring their resources into science and exploration instead of another arms race (but it only takes one nation to start the whole thing again and if it happens there will be several players).

    Spin offs include environmental technologies which never would have been developed. Smarter more exotic materials. Massive raw protein potential. Getting things to mars or even low earth orbit is alot easier from the moon then from earth. so on, so forth, etc.
  • ICBM ??? (Score:3, Informative)

    by Crashmarik ( 635988 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @09:12AM (#7653076)
    Not unless they want an incredibly slow to prepare and obvious missile fleet.

    The problem with cryogenic fueled rocket engines is that you have to fuel them before you fire them. Filling a missile fleet with LOX takes time and if anyone notices gives them ample opportunity to preemptively strike.

  • Hey, come on... put a large number of talented people in a large economy with a culture valuing education and industriousness and you need to expect them to excel at stuff like this.

    Though I am a little confused as to why they would focus on cryogenic engines rather than the other way... ignoring a valuable natural resource and all. They should have made a curry engine instead, which has way more lifting power than a LOX and H engine could ever have if what it does to my gut is any idication...
  • I coulda swore that we already won that one. I guess it's true, don't belive what you learn in school these days.
  • by Euler ( 31942 )
    From the article:
    "A cryogenic missile cannot be fired at a moment's notice. The fuel cannot be stored in a rocket indefinitely because it is highly explosive, so a missile would have to be fueled before launching."
    Huh?! Cryogenic fuels are volatile, meaning the fuel will eventually all evaporate. But not explosive while just sitting in the tank.
    Volatile does not mean explosive!
  • Now all they need is a spinach farm the size of Jupiter, and they'll be able to corner the market in green cheese palak paneer.
  • Light the flames (Score:5, Interesting)

    by psylent ( 638032 ) <psylent.natural@mailshell@com> on Sunday December 07, 2003 @11:05AM (#7653461)
    ok, let's look at this one bullet at a time
    1. How come no one has started talking about feeding the poor and increasing literacy levels? They have? Oh look, ye wise learned ones. Do you think that space research is only to leave the surface with just adventure in mind? Satellites beam educational programmes to community televisions. They map our natural resources and planners can optimize utilization. It is a society very different from other countries so accept it. There is no benefit measuring other cultures using the same yardstick. It works for us, be happy. There are deficiencies in our society too and corrective programmes have a lot of inertia.
    2. The caste system is officially abolished. It worked for the society at one point of time as described in the "Laws of Manu" (yes our history goes back quite a bit, might not be very well documented but good enough for scholars to study) and it doesnt work in today's society and we try to adapt. Politicians exploit this issue too like all other issues to line their pocket but lets not discuss politics. Women always had freedom in our society, the issues of sati and purdah were because of influences on society due to twists and turns of history, I am not (and maybe most of you are not) historians and we do not have the expertise of analysing this in detail. What is more interesting is the reverse backlash that is taking place. Some communities that have traditionally been oppressed had been assigned quotas (supposed to be in place for a few decades) to raise the average level. This worked for sometime however currently I feel that this is going overboard. Once a structure is in place, it is very difficult to dismantle it (eg: the USA is supposed to be free of racial hatred, dude I am an Indian living here in the US and I know how much of that is true).
    3. Most of you would just link India to outsourcing and look at this forum as a sounding board for your pent up frustration. If it works to calm you down then it is good for you. This is slashdot, I realise that it is highly US centric. This is a byproduct of capitalism so I have nothing to add. I dont like it either when people lose jobs here and jobs are shipped to other countries. Solution I can propose before I go and grab breakfast: add value to what you are doing, it will help (doesnt sound right, does it?).
  • or build intercontinental ballistic missiles'

    I love the fact that we had to throw in an obligatory terrorism threat. Ah, the mind-set of the public....

    Anyway, more power to them. I think everybody should have an equal chance to go into space.

  • by Animats ( 122034 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @01:55PM (#7654434) Homepage
    The US tried that in the 1950s. Atlas ICBMs were deployed from 1969 to 1965, but those missiles were replaced with solid fuel ICBMs as soon as it was possible to do so. Atlas boosters are still used as launchers, but their ICBM career was short.

    Cyrogenic ICBMs are first-strike weapons. It takes so long to prep and fuel them that they're useless as a retaliation weapon. The opposition's ICBMs will land on your silos first. Keeping a cyrogenic system at a high state of readiness for years on end is difficult.

    The Cuban missile crisis is sometimes said to have occured because the US put cyrogenic ICBMs in Turkey, aimed at the Soviet Union. That looked like the US was planning a first strike on Moscow. The Soviet Union had to respond to that threat.

    (Decades later, interviews with the Soviet officials who made that decision revealed that most of them didn't look at it that way, but that's another issue. The communication-by-strategic-threat thing never worked as some of the gurus of deterrence thought it did. The most famous example of such miscommunication was that Kennedy's advisers thought the Soviet missile base in Cuba was deliberately laid out just like the ones in Russia so that the US would recognize it as a threat. Years later, the Red Army colonel in charge of building the base was asked about this, and said "No, we just did it that way because that's what the field manual said to do." All the military personnel present nodded in understanding.)

    So it's a launcher, not an ICBM.

    • by lommer ( 566164 ) on Sunday December 07, 2003 @03:57PM (#7655075)
      Actually, there is significant evidence that points to the American deployment of Jupiter missiles in Turkey as the cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kruschev never publicly admitted it, and frequently gave multiple different vague reasons for the USSR's nuclear involvement in Cuba. Years after the crisis, it was revealed that in order to get the Russians to back down, Kennedy agreed to remove the missiles from turkey within a year or two. This was one of the Russian's chief demands, but Kennedy insisted that it not be publicly revealed so that he could be seen as a public hero who was tough on the Russians for the upcoming election.

      The other leading cause for the Cuban Missile Crisis was the missile gap. A number of other factors definitely contributed, so much so that there isn't really historical agreement on the subject at all.
      • Another important aspect of the Cuban missile crisis is that when it came to a showdown, Fidel Castro demanded that the Russians launch the missiles against the US, which the Russians wisely refused to do.

        This is the same Fidel Castro that peaceniks the world over fawn over.

        Kennedy lost a lot in the missile crisis. In order to resolve the crisis, the US had to agree not to ever attack Cuba, and had to remove the missiles from Turkey. Russia lost only a quick attempt to emplace missiles near the US.
    • The US tried that in the 1950s. Atlas ICBMs were deployed from 1969 to 1965, but those missiles were replaced with solid fuel ICBMs as soon as it was possible to do so. Atlas boosters are still used as launchers, but their ICBM career was short.

      Although the first generation Atlas and Titan ICBM's were phased out by 1965, the US continued to operate the liquid fuel Titan II until 1987. SAC actually introduced Titan II two years after the solid fuel Minuteman series. Although more difficult and dangerous to

  • It's been 30 years since anybody went to the Moon. We're about due.

    Consider the early history of Antarctic exploration -- there was the "South Pole Race" in the 1909-1912 era (Shackleton, who didn't quite make it, then the real race between Amundsen and Scott), then essentially nothing (except for the Byrd aerial expeditions in the 30s) for about 35 years until the US Navy's Operation Highjump after WWII and then full-time permanent bases since IGY in 1957.

    I for one welcome our new Selenite overl^W^W^W^W

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