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Biotech United States

California Bans Genegineered Fish 519

Cheeko writes "California regulators have announced that they are blocking the sale of genetically engineered fish. The arguments of the regulators seem to echo some of those discussed earlier here."
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California Bans Genegineered Fish

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  • by Thinkit3 ( 671998 ) * on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:53PM (#7633822)
    Going beyond the knee-jerk reactions against anything genetically engineered, the key to making these safe is to make sure they can't breed. There was a controversy over engineered trees that make better paper. The researcher noted that making them sterile greatly reduced whatever risk there might be for problems later on.
    • by pizza_milkshake ( 580452 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:56PM (#7633863)
      i read jurassic park, the fish would just spontaneously switch sex. come to think of it, so would i, if i were genetically modified.
      • i read jurassic park, the fish would just spontaneously switch sex.
        That's a possibility I suppose. There are several species of fish (IIRC) on the Great Barrier Reef that can do this. In some the top female will become a male and in others it's the other way around.
    • by blunte ( 183182 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:59PM (#7633916)
      I'm no eco-head, nor am I trolling here, but everything will impact the ecosystem in one or more ways.

      In the case of genetically engineered trees, how does one such tree (parts, stuff, etc.) biodegrading affect the environment? Will that spur some fun new super-efficient/robust termite evolution? :)

      But a more important question (and more on topic), how many of these fish does a cat need to ingest to get the cat to glow?
      • Oh Me! Me! (Score:4, Funny)

        by blunte ( 183182 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:02PM (#7633945)
        More importantly, what do I need to do to get ME to glow? Please limit answers to non-lethal solutions :)
      • Will this fish help me socialize with my mp3 player?
      • I'd wager this won't have much more or less effect on the environment than other random events, like for instance pissing in the wind.

        Let's not forget, it's not like nature is an ordered and delicately balanced thing like some eco-freaks try to make out. Instead it's a random conglomeration of random mutations. When one of natures random mutations lives and breeds we call it evolution. We call the wiping out of other plants, animals and creatures, and the ecological shifts "natural".

        When we do the same
        • by flatt ( 513465 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @07:58PM (#7634881) Journal
          You hit the nail on the head: you assumed all people believe in evolution. Genetics are far more natural than people want to believe- engineered or otherwise. This is simply evolution at its best because man has evolved to the point of being able to control evolution itself.

          Many cannot deal with this thought for various reasons. Usually because their religion doesn't allow it. Religion vs. Science- nothing new here.
        • Can someone explain to me why it's suddenly bad because it's us and not nature.

          It's because we are far more powerful than anything else. In other words, it is the our view that we are more intelligent than anything else on earth. What this means is that we can cause massive damage. For instance, it would be very difficult for nature or some other animal to kill off 90% of all 4-legged creatures on earth. Humans, in contrast, should be able to do that easily if we wanted to. Nature will take a long time
    • I think it may be possible to introduce these traits in ways that are not inheritable. However, genes are of course incredibly complex, and it is probably not worth the risk of seriously fucking up the environment just for some glowing fish. If anyone knows whether this really is a possiblity, or if I just dreamed it up, I'd love to hear about it.

      GM crops are significantly less clear cut area, with the possible risks being high, but little research to show whether the risks are real. On the other hand,
    • by i_r_sensitive ( 697893 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:17PM (#7634110)
      I mean unless you want to neuter a billion fish...

      Sure, the geneticists can claim that they could "turn on" sterility in the target animal/plant genome. But that begs the conundrum:

      If one modification can have unintended consequences than all of them can. If neither can have unintended consequences, why bother with the safeguard?

      Okay, it's an oversimplification of a vastly complex subject, but I think the proposition is oversimplified as well. It is all well and good to cite genetic sterility as a safeguard when making other genetic modifications, but what are the unintended consequneces of genetically inducing sterility? More importantly, the unintended consequnces of the two in combination. After all, at one point, adding an extra Y chromosome might have looked like a viable way to block breeding, but now we know that would have resulted in billions of sociopathic fish (but sterile).

      Power corupts, but absolute power is kinda neat... at least until your three hundred pound, opposable thumbed, parthenogenic guppies decide that they are entitled to the six pack of Weinhards in the fridge...

      We simply don't know enough to know what we have to do to minimize the impact of mistakes, malice and general human stupidity.

      • by zangdesign ( 462534 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @09:45PM (#7635536) Journal
        We simply don't know enough to know what we have to do to minimize the impact of mistakes, malice and general human stupidity.

        And I would argue that you can't make an omelette without breaking a few eggs. Caution is definitely a good thing, but without taking some risks we cannot advance. Mistakes, malice and stupidity are something we are stuck with regardless of any advance planning.

        The psychotic four-year-old in me says "let's make everything as dangerous as possible!" That way a mistake, malicious or stupid act will only occur once on the part of any given individual.
    • Can that be done? (Score:3, Insightful)

      by schmaltz ( 70977 )
      The question is whether sterilisation can effectively be achieved. It would be insane to assume that it's safe to release them to the environment when the research of its impact obviously can't be ascertained, because this planet has thousands of ecosystems Because of the fish's novelty, this little fish will become ubiquitous around the world. Zebra mussel anyone?

      Then there's the very real and frightening specter of species jumping of genetic modifications. It has already been documented in engineered
    • Going beyond the knee-jerk reactions against anything genetically engineered, the key to making these safe is to make sure they can't breed. There was a controversy over engineered trees that make better paper. The researcher noted that making them sterile greatly reduced whatever risk there might be for problems later on.

      Man has no clue how to manage species in a way that is consistent with keeping balance in the environment. Every time we try to manipulate something there are unexpected consequences.
    • by Evil Pete ( 73279 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:28PM (#7634217) Homepage

      I don't really see the problem here.

      I mean just think about if for a second. Glowing fish. Now how long do you think you're going to survive if you're glowing like a neon sign saying "Eat Me" (this is where Slashdot should support the blink tag :). Bioluminescent fish do exist yes, but they can turn it off at times of danger (from what I remember) ... these fish can't ... they are evolutionary mistakes. Selection of the fittest will take care of it. Mind you I'm very wary of importing fish etc because what seems like a harmless thing can end up in your rivers as a self reproducing curse ... but that's almost another issue.

      • by Mad Bad Rabbit ( 539142 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:39PM (#7634327)
        Now how long do you think you're going to survive if you're glowing like a neon sign saying "Eat Me"

        Depending on the chemicals that make them glow, other
        fish might quickly learn to view them as neon signs
        saying "I AM TOXIC" or at least "I TASTE BAD".
      • by Mundocani ( 99058 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @07:21PM (#7634623)
        The fish don't really glow (they're not luminescent), they're flourescent which means that they only light up when ultraviolet light hits them. Flourescent fish can survive just fine and I don't think they're especially easy targets. I'd be willing to bet that some predators would even be turned off by the color.

        As a Californian, I'm glad we won't have them here. Let them experiment on the ecosystem somewhere else and then, in ten or twenty years, allow them in if there hasven't been any problems. There have just been way too many environmental disasters caused by introducing species (engineered or not) into new environments. If you want colorful fish, buy some Neon Tetras or a Jack Dempsey or just go saltwater where there are plenty of flourescent fish to choose from.

    • The researcher noted that making them sterile greatly reduced whatever risk there might be for problems later on.

      ...not to mention greatly reducing the risk that potential customers might steal the company's intellectual property by taking seeds from these trees and planting their own instead of buying licensed seedlings.

      It's an ironic point for you to be making, given your sig: 'Abolish "intellectual property"'
  • by ScottCanto ( 705723 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:54PM (#7633826)
    Need I say more?
    • Yeah, something smells fishy.
  • But that's only Cali (Score:5, Interesting)

    by IANAL(BIAILS) ( 726712 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:54PM (#7633834) Homepage Journal
    Is there anything stopping California residents from taking a quick trip out of state, buying the little fishys, and then bringing them back home? I can't see how this ban will do much good with today's interstate commerce...
  • That's okay (Score:5, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:54PM (#7633838)
    Genetically engineered actors and actresses will be all the rage in a few years. The pets will be nothing in comparison.
  • i for one welcome our genetically modified pet fish overlords.
  • by esaglam ( 597432 )
    Damn! evolution stopped in CA...
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Thank God, that someone has seen the light and banned this genetic monsters. I think it's wrong to genetically alter any living being since it is not our place to decide what a species should or shouldn't do.

    • by Hentai ( 165906 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:58PM (#7633890) Homepage Journal
      Then please, explain the Pomeranian. Or the Chihuaha. WHAT RIGHT DID WE HAVE TO CREATE THESE CREATURES!? They're more of an afront to God and nature than any GM species, and we didn't need anything more than a few hundred years of breeding to create such abominations.

      - Paid for by the SPBYD (Society to Prevent the Breeding of Yippy Dogs)
      • I'm not quite sure why this has been modded funny. Insightful, more like... Some dogs [bulldogs, for example] have been bred to the extent they're so deformed they can barely breathe. I think they're beginning to tighten up laws on this now, but it's a huge area of cruelty that no-one ever mentions much.
    • by d3faultus3r ( 668799 ) <willp.earthlink@net> on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:06PM (#7633993) Homepage Journal
      Throughout human history, we've modified the appearance and behavior of living things through less drastic methods. Since the beginning of civilization we've done that through selective breeding of livestock and plants. There is nothing innately wrong with genetic modification, though, like all technologies, it can be misused.

      To condemn a technology on the claim it is tampering with life is a flimsy stance. We've been tampering with life forever and no one has complained. It's just that now it's more readily apparent.

      • > There is nothing innately wrong with genetic modification, though, like all technologies, it can be misused.

        > To condemn a technology on the claim it is tampering with life is a flimsy stance

        They are not stopping, banning or condemning the technology. They're stopping the results from using the technology, which is quite common if you think about it.
      • by myc ( 105406 )
        from a moral standpoint I agree with you. However, technologically, there is a aignificant difference between cross-breeding and introducing heterologous transgenes from different species. With cross-breeding, the parental species are similar enough that the hybrid progeny are not really THAT different, and obstensibly present far less risk, environmentally or ecologically (although the risk still exists). Transgenic animals, on the other hand, are an unknown, because the transgene is being put into a conte
      • by (void*) ( 113680 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @07:29PM (#7634696)
        I agree, but I don't like your claim that there is nothing innately wrong with genetic modification, that what is wrong is how it is used.


        We don't seem to have formulated any ethical principles or guidelines AT ALL in judging genetic research. We have reactionary people pulling "rules" out of their asses like "No stem cell research" and "no human cloning" without considering the political realities and context. I am frightened by THAT. I am also frightened by genetic engineering and what it can do, but my fear of the former (which have turned out to be true) overrides the latter.

    • by tgibbs ( 83782 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:10PM (#7634045)
      Thank God, that someone has seen the light and banned this genetic monsters. I think it's wrong to genetically alter any living being since it is not our place to decide what a species should or shouldn't do.

      I hope that you are already boycotting other "genetic monsters" created by older methods of genetic engineering (selective breeding of spontaneous mutants that would normally die or fail to reproduce). These include corn, lima beans, bananas and plantains, virtually all identified breeds of dogs and cats, many ornamental fish, milk from dairy cows, most grains, etc., etc.

    • by Megahurts ( 215296 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @07:01PM (#7634472)
      Thank God, that someone has seen the light and banned this genetic monsters. I think it's wrong to genetically alter any living being since it is not our place to decide what a species should or shouldn't do.


      Frankly, I disagree with your opinion. Quoting Galileo, "I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with senses, reason, and intellect, has intended us to forego their use."

      Furthermore, I don't believe morality can be legislated. I would not force my own beliefs upon another and I am appalled that others would applaud successful attempts by the state to do so.

  • by djh101010 ( 656795 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:56PM (#7633854) Homepage Journal
    ...it's called "selective breeding". Traits that are useful are reinforced by breeding those who show it, and culling those who don't. OK, so they're getting genes from a jellyfish or whatever to get the glow, rather than from something inside the species. If someone wants to get upset about it, they should center on it being cross-species, rather than complaining about someone applying engineering to genetics.
    • No, not the same. (Score:5, Insightful)

      by schmaltz ( 70977 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:39PM (#7634332)
      Breeding and genetic engineering are two, distinct areas of science. You've bought into the propaganda, because you cannot assert that selective breeding would produce the crossing of, for example, the arctic flounder, a bacterium with a tomato plant -the Flavr-Savr tomato.

      Genetic engineering allows introduction into a species of genes that express proteins (and other molecules) not available within the host species' existing gene pool.

      Whether or not that's a good thing is not known, as the U.S. government does not currently require either environmental impact testing nor FDA safety-type testing. Those regulations were swept away during the Clinton administration so that biotech firms could more quicly bring products to market and thereby boost their revenues -but at what cost?

      Genetic engineering is actually being tested on an enormous scale -every one of us is a subject.

      Personally, I'm not against development of GE products, but believe they really need to be tested. One day there may come a product whose consequences aren't foreseen, and the impact could mean the loss of another species, or worse.

      An example of this is the salmon that grows seven times faster than wild salmon. The developers of these want to raise them in netted pens off the coasts of North America, as salmon are currently farmed.

      But what would the consequences be of an accidental release of those fish to the wild? A salmon that grows seven times faster than its wild relatives? C'mon, it doesn't take a genius to figure out what the impact would be -the wild salmon would probably get starved out of existence, and it'd be impossible to prevent that from happening. Once in the wild, you couldn't sweep them up.
      • Re:No, not the same. (Score:5, Interesting)

        by david.given ( 6740 ) <dg@cowlark.com> on Thursday December 04, 2003 @07:25PM (#7634668) Homepage Journal
        Genetic engineering allows introduction into a species of genes that express proteins (and other molecules) not available within the host species' existing gene pool.

        And guess what --- this happens all the time.

        Ignoring simple mutation, which can add new encodings to a species' gene pool that weren't there before, there's a well-established and uncontroversial mechanism that allows gene sequences to be passed from one species to another, entirely different species.

        It works like this: viruses reproduce by injecting their genetic material into a host cell. The new material hijacks the host cell, which starts producing more viruses.

        Sometimes this doesn't work properly, and you end up with fragmented viral genetic material in the host cell, which doesn't work. What does the host do? What it always did, largely. Except that when it reproduces, it will now reproduce the viral genetic material as well. (If the viral genetic material isn't completely disabled, this can cause really odd effects, like cancer.)

        What happens if the host cell happens to be a sex cell, like in the testes? Well, the sperm produced will contain the viral genetic material, as well, which will get reproduced into every cell in the offspring, etc. So you've now transferred viral genetic material into the gene pool.

        It works the other way, too --- the host cell can start producing viruses containing fragments of host genetic material. So if one of these contaminated viruses infects a sex cell in another species of creature, you've now transferred genetic material from one species to another completely different species.

        Does this sound far fetched? Yes, it is. But it happens. There are sections of human DNA that have been positively identified as coming from viruses, and there are sections that show clear signs as having come from other species --- although it's a bit hard to tell.

        (Embarassingly, I can't remember the technical name for this process.)

        It gets even more complicated with plants, because plants don't have the single-cell-zygote bottleneck between generations. It's entirely possible for several pollen cells to fertilise a plant, and the resulting offspring will be a chimera. (This happens surprisingly frequently with humans, too.) There are also some specialised processes for incorporating foreign genetic material that I don't really understand or remember enough of to describe.

        DNA's not as sacred as you think it is.

      • Genetic engineering allows introduction into a species of genes that express proteins (and other molecules) not available within the host species' existing gene pool.

        Where do these people get the idea that genes can't cross species? They can. Look up horizontal gene transfer in any molecular evolution text. Like Creationists, the anti-GE crowd simply ignores science when it doesn't serve their purposes.
  • bugged (Score:3, Interesting)

    by KReilly ( 660988 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:56PM (#7633856)
    I am a little bit bothered about the general responce to genetically modifying anything. I mean, people just need to get off the possible negative side effects and realise the potential we are holding in our hands.
    I mean, lets talk about better living through chemistry breaking to a whole new level.
  • Petaluma (Score:5, Funny)

    by The_Rippa ( 181699 ) * on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:56PM (#7633861)
    There's already enough glowing fish in the Petaluma river...if you want on so bad just bring a net and a bio-hazard suit.
  • Reasons (Score:3, Funny)

    by CaptBubba ( 696284 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:57PM (#7633877)
    Like everything else, the fish were likely found to cause cancer in the state of California.
  • Yes... (Score:2, Insightful)

    by JoeLinux ( 20366 )
    By all means...before you know it, Indians will be cross-breeding types of corn to make better corn...oh...wait....they did.

    (Pssst..genetic manipulation has been going on for a LONG time. we're only making more dramatic changes, not inventing it.)
    • Psst... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by temojen ( 678985 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:13PM (#7634071) Journal
      "Indians" were cross breeding corn with corn. Transgenic canola cross-breeds canola with fish. The transgenic canola is patented. Canola, whether transgenic or not has airborne pollen. So neighbours of farmers with transgenic crops have been sued for patent violation for planting their own seed.
    • by debilo ( 612116 )
      More dramatic changes, as you put it, could also mean more dramatic results. In many cases, when changes (like cross-breeding types of corn) occur over a long period of time, nature has a better chance to adapt and "catch" errors before they get too drastic.

      If an experiment that involves genetic engineering goes wrong, it will go wrong fast, and nobody can foresee the effects of that because there is absolutely no prior incident it could be compared to. That kind of scares me.
    • Nobody is arguing that it is bad to crossbreed corn with corn.

      At no point did the Indians crossbreed corn with jellyfish. How can you even compare the two?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday December 04, 2003 @05:59PM (#7633901)
    So now they are cool rebellious black market items. Instead of stupid glowing fish. Yay.

  • "The arguments of the regulators seem to echo some of those discussed earlier here."

    Now if only the read Your Rights Online...
  • Consistency (Score:2, Informative)

    by mcpkaaos ( 449561 )
    It makes sense, we just banned another genetically modified fish [bbc.co.uk] not two months ago.
  • Fish (Score:2, Funny)

    by jay42 ( 413000 )
    What do you mean .. they banned tuna [slashdot.org]?

    I'm sure the RIAA is behind this

  • by Anonymous Coward
    So much for my plan to use fish as a night light.
  • Catch your fish from near the Springfield nuclear power plant and they have 3 eyes. Surely very good for you :)

    Rus
  • I thought the only non-engineered corn on the planet existed in Mayan tombs. I know we do a ton of genetic engineering to make most of our modern day veggies so what's the big deal? Technophobia, running amok...
    • Corn and many other genetically modified vegatables do not breed true, IIRC. Which means that GM corn, if left to its own devices will lose its GM traits over time and be a *weaker* plant as a result.

      Sure, doesn't matter now, but a breakdown in civilization could lead to loss of the knowledge to create our 'new and improved' corn and eventually end in widespread starvation, as native plants are 'contaminated'.

      IIRC, /. had a article on this about 8-10 months ago - how even the Mayan corn (grown locally f

  • They're wrong (Score:5, Insightful)

    by cephyn ( 461066 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:05PM (#7633982) Homepage
    They blocked it on the basis of a moral argument. It is not the Dept of Fish and Game Commission's job to block the sale of genetically modified fish on a moral argument. They completely disregarded all scientific facts surrounding the situation.

    As a CA resident and fish hobbyist, I wrote them a letter expressing my displeasure. No matter how I feel about genetically modified fish, it simply wasn't right to make their decision the way they did.
  • Of course we Californians can can always buy these on the Net, but these fish are tropical, in need of a certain temp and oxygenated water. How the hell do they ship these things? I want some of these for the new year.

    This bodes very ill for my hopes for a glow-in-the-dark cat.
  • You just can't BUY them in california. It doesn't say that posession of them is illegal. So I guess for any entrepeneur in nevada/oregon who sell tax free cigarrettes they will now also have tax free glowfish.
  • Just the first (Score:4, Insightful)

    by DaytonCIM ( 100144 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:06PM (#7633998) Homepage Journal
    Get used to it folks. We're going to see many, many more genetically engineered pets in the very near future. And many of the /. audience will clamor to own the first and strangest.
  • Hell, don't they already have a genetically engineered governor?
  • IMO (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward
    I'd be less worried about whether or not you can genetically modify a fish and more concerned about the ambiguity behind:

    "Federal agencies have decided they have no jurisdiction over a bio-engineered household pet that is not intended for consumption."

    I'm no PETA member, far from it -- I love a good steak -- but this could open up into a serious mess. What's going to happen when genetically modified cats, dogs, birds, fruit bats, orangutans, ad naseum, become the new trend?

    • They already are. Its not like my miniature pincure is a big bad hyena now is it? And your tabby sure aint no tiger (or whatever the hell they started with).

      I really dont see what the big deal is with glowing fish. Worst case you have to make sure the trout you eat doesnt glow in the dark before you cook it ;)
  • "For me it's a question of values, it's not a question of science," said commissioner Sam Schuchat. "I think selling genetically modified fish as pets is wrong."

    I'm nearly at a loss for words. It stupidity that oozes from that sentence is frightening.

    "I have no idea what this is about, by my knee-jerk response is no" would have been a more succinct way of putting it.

  • Boy oh boy! (Score:5, Funny)

    by musingmelpomene ( 703985 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:10PM (#7634044) Homepage
    Those "agricultural checkpoints" as you cross the state line into California just got more fun.

    "Do you have any fruits or vegetables or seeds?"

    "No."

    "Well, how about genetically engineered fish?"

    "Aw, crap...I mean, NO!"

    "We're going to have to search your car. Please get out of the vehicle."
  • by Alcimedes ( 398213 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:14PM (#7634084)
    Because you just can't be too careful, no Master and Slave fish either!!!
  • by myc ( 105406 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:24PM (#7634174)
    expressing a fluorescent protein in zebrafish may sound harmless, but I think restricting such things for now is prudent. It's completely unclear what environmental effects it might have. Ever hear of prions? These are proteins that are misfolded, but also cause similar proteins in normal cells to also misfold. The misfolded proteins can cause diseases, such as mad cow disease. The scary thing about prions is that they are resistant to digestive enzymes in your digestive tract. Thus, diseases like mad cow disease may propagate indefinitely.

    While there is no evidence that fluorescent proteins have prion-like properties, I bring this example up because prions have only been accepted doctrine among biochemists within the past decade. In the 80's if you proposed that there was an epigenetic disease-causing agent consisting of misfolded protein, people would have laughed in your face. There is just not enough information as to what may happen. IN addition, I can think of other, simpler, more plausible scenarios regarding glowing fish. Green fluorescing fish may affect native algae populations, which would certainly affect aquatic ecosystems. Also, in introducing the transgene, there are probably also antibiotic drug resistance genes used during the cloning process that are present in the organism. Introducing these genes into the wild is not a good idea for obvious reasons.

    The truth of the matter is, we know very little about how heterologous proteins and transgenes will behave in the wild. I myself am a molecular geneticist, and I'm all for promoting biotechnology, but I think it's not a bad idea to keep this kind of technology out of the hands of your average "well the kids are bored of the fish, let's flush it down the toilet" type of consumers. Having genetically modified agriculture is pretty scary in and of itself, although I do believe that the benefits outweigh the risks in that case. Certainly, more studies on environmental and ecosystem impact may be prudent.
    • by 0x0d0a ( 568518 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:58PM (#7634449) Journal
      expressing a fluorescent protein in zebrafish may sound harmless, but I think restricting such things for now is prudent.

      I have to disagree. I think few people would disagree that biotech is a phenomenally influential tool.

      However, I don't think that it's all that efficient to put a hold on biotech work and try to do research out of the hands of the public.

      If a zebrafish escapes, it has a gene that is potentially very damaging -- it's easy for predators to see. It's unlikely to do very well. Glowing zebrafish will probably die out in the wild quickly, leaving only regular zebrafish. Nature is pretty robust.

      On the other hand, there are a few things that we might want to avoid. One is introducing poisonous variants of nondomesticated edible fish. As long as it isn't too expensive to be poisonous, there's a pretty clear evolutionary advantage to an animal in being poisonous. A poisonous, say, tuna could take over and beat out the nonpoisonous tuna -- and then we wouldn't be able to just catch and eat tuna any more.

      As long as we do our best to avoid things that clearly could have very negative side effects (such as the poisonous tuna above), I think we'll be okay. Dragging feet on technology has never worked. We're better off working with biotechnology and understanding it, and learning to deal with it. And enjoying its fruits.

      Think of fire. Fire is can have *phenomenal* destructive value. You can literally wipe out thousands of acres of life with a flick of your fingers and the aid of fire. Many people have died from and been hurt by fire (and still are). However, we adopted fire, and learned to work with it, and would never dream of going back.

      I agree that we will probably muck up some of the existing state of things. We'll probably wipe out some species and muck up some ecosystems. We've been doing that for a long, long time, though.

      Good comment, though I disagree with some of it.
      • by CustomDesigned ( 250089 ) <stuart@gathman.org> on Thursday December 04, 2003 @07:24PM (#7634664) Homepage Journal
        If a zebrafish escapes, it has a gene that is potentially very damaging -- it's easy for predators to see. It's unlikely to do very well. Glowing zebrafish will probably die out in the wild quickly, leaving only regular zebrafish. Nature is pretty robust.

        There was a very interesting article in Science News a few issues back about studies of GM plants. There were several solid conclusions:

        1. The gene *will* escape into the wild. In every single case studied, it escaped despite all precautions in production settings. Lab settings were more successful in keeping the lid on.
        2. Whether the escaped gene propagates widely beyond the escape point depends on its survival advantage.
        3. Survival advantages are not easy to guess. Setting up test ecosystems was fairly successful in determing survival advantage. The results were often quite surprising.
        4. Bt corn has a high survival advantage, and has escaped whereever it has been planted. It will continue to spread rapidly in the wild.
        5. Problems like those with Bt can be compensated for by adding additional transgenes that convey a survival disadvantage in the wild (without comprising desired function too much). This doesn't always work, because the traits can become separated.
        We won't know whether the glowing fish might have your guessed disadvantage without trying it. For instance by putting some normal and glowing fish in a tank with predators in conditions as close to natural as can be arranged without letting the glowing fish escape. These fish should not be put into the hands of consumers until it is demonstrated that they don't last long if released. As others have pointed out, large numbers of these fish can easily have unforeseen consequences. Self-reproducing unforeseen consequences are a Very Dangerous Thing.
        • The gene *will* escape into the wild. In every single case studied, it escaped despite all precautions in production settings. Lab settings were more successful in keeping the lid on.

          These are PLANTS we are talking about. Obviously it's much more difficult to contain plant pollen than it is to contain a zebrafish.

          Furthermore, plants can reproduce much faster than zebrafish or other animals. Bt corn is an extreme case: it has been SPECIFICALLY engineered to survive better than normal corn in the wild.
  • Fish, Jellyfish. Most people don't care. Why? Because neither animal is cute or cuddly.

    I'm going to make this debate more interesting. I'm going take come cute breed of dog, and genetically modify them the face of a human baby.

    Then, I'll take the cute puppy for a walk in busy shopping districts, big media events, political debates, the fancy resturants where the politicians have their fancy meals. Anywhere where many people will see it.

    I'll treat it like a dog. Teach it tricks, yell at it when the dog disobeys, when it poops in the wrong place, I'll rub it's nose in it. When I go have dinner, I'll leave the poor thing in the rain.

    That'll get the debate going.

    Tell me, do you think people would accept this dog as "normal" and just go about their business? What do you think people will do then?

    After all, what's the difference between a transgenic fish and a transgenic dog? Sure, a baby face will require more modifications to get the right bone structure, skin texture, etc. , but it's no more then what we'll be seeing in the genetically-modified pet market in a few years.

    Really, this is on the level of what we'll be seeing in the genetically-modified pet market in a few years.

    • by 0x0d0a ( 568518 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:48PM (#7634384) Journal
      After all, what's the difference between a transgenic fish and a transgenic dog?

      People build up mental barriers to doing things that are discouraged and rarely done. Nudity, for instance, is certainly not abnormal -- we ran around in the nude for zillions upon zillions of years. However, most folks in a Western culture still get uncomfortable when faced with stripping off their clothes in front of others. Hurting or abusing humans is one of these things that people have mental barriers about. By not allowing people to, say, run around and kill people, we keep the shock and horror of killing people alive. This is (arguably) a good thing, since a person that is horrified by killing people is less likely to kill people.

      This is one reason why a lot of people complain bitterly about violent video games (though they tend to couch it in more emotional terms). It hits their mental barrier, makes them uncomfortable, and they worry about it destroying the barriers of others, resulting in people that are less averse to killing.

      The same thing would be true of abusing the baby's face that you mention here. So, yes, I think there is a significant social difference between a glowing fish and a dog with a baby's face. Regardless of whether I have a problem with the dog, I can understand why a number of people *would* be upset with it.
  • "I think..." (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Brian Kendig ( 1959 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:27PM (#7634211)
    Look at the quotes in that article.

    "For me it's a question of values, it's not a question of science. I think selling genetically modified fish as pets is wrong. ... At the end of the day, I just don't think it's right to produce a new organism just to be a pet. To me, this seems like an abuse of the power we have over life, and I'm not prepared to go there today."

    Well, good for you. So you're not prepared to go there.

    So why are you using a law to prevent anybody *else* from going there? What about the folks who *do* think it's okay to have a genetically-modified animal as a pet?

    I think smoking is wrong. I think doing drugs is wrong. I think driving an SUV is wrong. But is "I think X is wrong" ever in itself a good enough reason to ban X? Should things be banned until there's a good reason to believe they're okay, or allowed until there's a good reason to believe they're not?
    • Good points. I wonder if the commissioners knows that they already consume geneticly modified foodstuffs. The potato for one. Without the domestication of the potato, it would still be poisonous. Genetic engineering has been around for a long while, look at the mule. The crossing of a horse and donkey. While, the sorts of engineering you could do pre-computer age were severly limited, it was still possible to engineer crops and animals. Think of all the different breeds of dogs and cats. There are o

  • Ferrets (Score:5, Interesting)

    by _Sprocket_ ( 42527 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:28PM (#7634222)
    California is also the only state on the continental US that still bans domestic ferrets. This ban has more to do with opinion and misinformation [ferretnews.org] than fact. And it ignores an estimated 500K pet ferrets already within California's borders.

    I'm not suprised the same attitude is applied to fish.
  • "The Chicken Of the Sea" will have a drastically new meaning one day...
  • By the way: If I read the article correctly the fish don't actually glow. They fluoresce.

    Actually "glowing" fish would manufacutre light from food energy. "Fluorescing" fish need a light shining on them to light up (though the light might be ultraviolet and so not itself visible).

    Fluorescing fish nevertheless emit more light in the band of interest than strikes them, which under the right circumstances makes them much "brighter" (in that color) than a perfect reflector.

  • If we're all so morally opposed to such "dangerous tampering with the natural state of the universe" and if its truly wrong to "influence the natural order by means that were never intended".

    Maybe we should ban California!

  • by jpellino ( 202698 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @06:47PM (#7634380)
    .. and check the weather forecast - they finally found something too weird for California.

    And it was AFTER electing Ahnold as Governor.

  • by James Lewis ( 641198 ) on Thursday December 04, 2003 @08:15PM (#7635023)
    This reminds me of nuclear power. Done right, you can make a nuclear power plant that is incapable of having a melt down, yet people are so afraid of the nightmares of science fiction that they refuse to look at the facts. France has 59 nuclear reactors that supply 77% of the total energy to them, and you don't see a bunch of glowing frenchies now do you? Yet this stupid knee jerk reaction people have to technology has caused us to remain dependent on fossil fuels for our power, and no doubt contributed to the energy crisis in California. I'm not saying that there aren't ANY problems with nuclear power. Obviously there are, but the point is that the positive easily outweighs the negative when viewed in a rational light, and the decision not to use the technology comes from people's emotions/fears and not reason. Genetic engineering is a lot like nuclear power, with the exception of the bar to entry being a lot lower. Unlike nuclear power, all you need to do genetic research is the scientists, the money, and a few cute helpless animals. People trying to block genetic manipulation (either the sale of it or the research) are just going to force it to go underground, or to another country that lacks regulation where there is a much higher probability that something WILL go wrong. The solution is not to outlaw it, but to regulate it closely.
  • by Mooncaller ( 669824 ) on Friday December 05, 2003 @12:13AM (#7636230)
    ... I have a unique prespective. I have resently found refuge from unemployment by leveraging my decades of knowledge and experience as a Tropical Fish hobbiest, to obtain a position at a Aquatics Store. What bothers me are all of the tattooed, stained, dyed ( via feeding), and obnoxiously hybridised fish. The last thing I want is to be selling GM fish. Though, the Glofish is probably a lot better then a tattooed fish ( i.e. painted glass fish). And certainly better then the Jellybean Parrot Cichlid ( the Mopyfish fish), which is first of all a most obnoxious hybrid, but is also stained. On a side note; It is realy a good idea to have other skills besides programming in these weired times.

Keep up the good work! But please don't ask me to help.

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