Measure The Speed Of Light With Your Microwave 296
maddmike writes "There is a very interesting article on About.com that shows how to measure the speed of light using your microwave to melt chocolate. "
Put your Nose to the Grindstone! -- Amalgamated Plastic Surgeons and Toolmakers, Ltd.
Measuring the speed of light is easy (Score:3, Funny)
Oh, nevermind.
KFG
Science is like porn (Score:2)
Kids... (Score:5, Funny)
I am experienced at handling this most hazardous material. Please wrap it carefully in a heatproof container, and mail it to me. It will be disposed of properly. (burp)
Re:Kids... (Score:3, Funny)
I have an Easter Bunny on my back.
KFG
Re:Kids... (Score:3, Funny)
Zoe preserve me from the "gaping headwound of love."
KFG
Re:Kids... (Score:5, Funny)
Yeah, well the guy put some dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) [dhmo.org] into his microwave as well, so we know that he has no concern for his own safety or those around him!
Re:Kids... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Kids... (Score:2)
Now I am not saying you should microwave water by itself in an unmoving tray or even a moving one for that matter, but (though I think somewhat inferior to ordinary pasta cooking) it works fine if you put cook pasta as I have several times in a plastic microwave safe deep tray with about equal parts water and spaghetti. The starch that initially comes
Re:Kids... (Score:5, Informative)
Think about it - Fill a (microwave save) plastic pint jug with cold water, and put the jug in your microwave for 5 minutes on full power. Now, is the water hot or cold? Is the jug hot or cold?
Of course, the answer to both questions is "hot". The energy from the Microwaves heated the water, and the heat from the water conducted from the surface of the water to the surface of the container, heating the container.
This heating of the container allows normal boiling to take place (as evidenced by the fact that the microwave will have been full of steam after heating a pint of water on full power for 5 minutes, and that during the heating time, the water can be clearly seen to bubble in the container!).
While it is definately true to say that water does not boil in the same way in a Microwave oven as it does when boiled in a pan on the hob, it is definately not true to say that water does not boil at all in a Microwave.
In fact, plain water is the best way of cleaning a Microwave Oven - a fact I have on good authority from my Dad, who services Microwave Ovens used in the catering industry. Simply place a pint of water in the Microwave on full power for 5 to 10 minutes, then carefully remove the jug from the oven, and wipe down the inside of the oven with a cloth.
Not only does this method make it very easy to clean the cooking part of the oven, it also helps to clean the inner workings of the oven, in particular the fans and air ducting from the main cooking area.
Apparently (Score:2, Funny)
Ah Yes, (Score:2)
Re:Ah Yes, (Score:2)
I was just sitting here, having finished RingTFA (first time for everything, ok?), and started looking through the posts to find something interesting to respond to, when I started laughing. and continued to laugh, probably for a good solid 5 minutes, getting louder whenever I came across a new insight...
My SO finally got tired of the noise, stood behind me to see what was so funny; read for about 30 seconds, then she slapped me on the back of the head and said "you are very strange, you kn
Powered by Peeps (Score:2, Funny)
Hey how come mines slower ? (Score:2, Funny)
Got that beat (Score:5, Funny)
Big deal...I can measure Hubble's Constant by charring bagels in my toaster. Pffft.
Re:Got that beat (Score:2)
I DID IT! (Score:2, Funny)
Funny this should come up (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Funny this should come up (Score:3, Informative)
Maybe that's because light is so amazingly fucking fast.
Re:Funny this should come up (Score:5, Informative)
The photodiode was moved away from the light source one full wavelength, at which point the image on the screen became a straight diagonal line again.
I've also seen it done by bouncing a laser off a rapidly rotating octagonal mirror, across a room and back to the same mirror, but that one's a lot harder to set up correctly.
Re:Funny this should come up (Score:4, Interesting)
You can measure the wavelength of light pretty easily with a ruler. But it has to be one of those shiny metal rulers, and it has to have black millimeter marks. Shine your laser onto the black marks at a shallow angle, measure the positions of the diffraction spikes that are reflected onto the wall, and from that, calculating the wavelength is trivial. It works pretty well.
Re:Funny this should come up (Score:2)
Anyway the point about this experiment was I think to measure the speed/wavelength of light as directly as possible without any complicated equations etc. If you are going to
Re:Funny this should come up - or maybe not (Score:4, Interesting)
Re:Funny this should come up (Score:2, Informative)
Obviously. And it's not a large distance apart. It was less than a mile, if I'm not mistaken.
As for the doing the experiment itself, each person had a covered latern, would uncover it, and then the other person would uncover his once he saw the light from the first person.
History of light speed measurement (Score:5, Informative)
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/
Measure The Speed Of... (Score:5, Funny)
This is boring (Score:3, Funny)
Real geeks use microwaves for what they were intended for... nuking free trial CDs from AOL.
The link to first page of the article.. (Score:3, Informative)
http://physics.about.com/library/weekly/aa01270
The link given in the story here is for the second page.
the multiversity of chocolate (Score:2, Funny)
think.. eatable cpu's! or better.. eatable storage for the paranoid
Half the experiment is missing (Score:5, Insightful)
You cannot do it by measuring the dimensions of the magnetron cavities, because the calculation of the frequency based on dimensions assumes the thing you are trying to work out - the speed of light. Frequency counters that go up to 2.5GHz are a bit difficult to come by in most homes. One possibility might be to extract some energy from the cavity using a suitable antenna and mix it with the clock signal from a 2.4 or 2.53GHz motherboard, then try and pick up the resulting beat signal using a short wave or VHF radio. However, I'm not at all sure how to get the signal out of the P4.
Has anybody got a better and reasonably practical method of measuring the frequency?
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:2)
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:4, Insightful)
The frequency will almost certainly be 2.45 GHz - a couple of other frequencies are allocated but aren't used much. The frequency isn't constant because the magnetron's operating frequency typically varies with temperature however for getting a 5% accuracy, it should be ok.
One complication of measuring by beat frequency is that a magnetron is pulsed. The duty cycle allowing power control. The problem is that this may mess up any indirect measurements.
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:2)
Any idea if this is
Mod up! Exp. invalid: frequency measured from c. (Score:2)
Therefore, "measuring the speed of light" actually uses the speed of light to calculate the speed of light, in a pattern of circular reasoning.
So this experiment is invalid.
I learned this when I spoke to my father about this article, having seen it linked to on slashdot about a year ago.
The one difference is that last time it was Tacos. This time it's Hemos, in an interesting twist.
Half the experiment is not missing (Score:2, Insightful)
This seems wrong to me. Experiments seek to measure the unknown using the known.
Why is it less valid to measure the frequency by looking at the back (another person has measured the frequency and marked it on the device) than it is valid to measure the distance by comparing to a ruler where another person has has measured a set of lengths and mark
Re:Half the experiment is not missing (Score:2)
You should throw out the frequency measurement for the same reason that the experiment threw out the speed of light measurement.
This thing isn't intended as an "experiment" anyways, it's just a cool thing to do with your microwave to demonstrate the nodes and troughs, and to understand how frequency, wavelength and the speed of light relate to one another.
Of course it's silly.
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:3, Funny)
In the 80s my resume used to read:
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:3, Insightful)
299,792,458 m/s directly from whatever source of reference you prefer?
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:3, Insightful)
If you're making up your own units, you might as well say 'one second is the amount of time it takes the radiation
Re:Half the experiment is missing (Score:5, Insightful)
The measurement you do in the microwave oven is a real-world measurement, i.e. of a displacement. If you have a real frequency and a real displacement, you can measure the speed of light in terms of your measured displacement and a time interval related tot he international standard.
Your comment that "refusing to accept c would be problematic" is invalid because, in fact, the experiment doesn't assume a value for the meter, or for c. You could compare your measured interval to anything convenient - using compasses, just like a Greek philosopher - and measure the speed of light in terms of a reference in your house. It would be a valid outcome of the experiment to measure the speed of light in teaspoons per cesium transition. It isn't a question of making up units: it is a question of deciding on the real world analog of the reference unit, whether it be a standard meter, standard kilogram, or standard sack of sugar. The international definition of the meter is handy if you have a suitable interferometer, but you can still only use it to produce a substandard by making marks on something, or counting interference fringes.
Anyway, why am I bothering? As I remind myself, this is /.
Measure the frequency of your microwave instead (Score:5, Interesting)
* Slightly melt chocolate chips in your microwave
* Measure distance between melted spots
* This gives you (half) the wavelength of your oven
* Multiply by the frequency of your oven, you get the speed of light
That's certainly interesting, but guess what? Many scientists have done better (and much more expensive) measures, so we already know the speed of light quite well.
What we might not know as well is the frequency of your oven. So I suggest you reverse the above formula, and you measure the frequency of your oven (not always printed on the back, as the article admits) this way.
Re:Measure the frequency of your microwave instead (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Measure the frequency of your microwave instead (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Measure the frequency of your microwave instead (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Measure the frequency of your microwave instead (Score:2)
Damn - are you telling me Nature won't be publishing the paper I submitted?
Microwave Hardware Question (Score:3, Interesting)
How can there be stable nodes in the electric field within the oven if the distance between the oven walls is not a whole multiples of a half-wavelegth? Aren't the dimensions of the cavity set so that multiple patterns of sta
Re:Measure the frequency of your microwave instead (Score:2)
Absolutely. That's why I'm interested in measuring the frequency of my microwave oven.
Ah, I see the correlation... (Score:2, Funny)
Chocolate is semi-soft, like the universe.
Chocolate is an emulsion, like the universe.
Chocolate is good...and evil, like the universe.
Chocolate may be going into or coming out of a black hole, like the universe (I had to).
So, inevitably, this bean is, indeed, a universe unto itself.
Microwave Smicrowave. (Score:2)
Re:Microwave Smicrowave. (Score:2)
Melting "chocholate" and measuring c? (Score:5, Funny)
Bah, that's easy stuff. It's about time that About.com tackled the real holy grail of science - how to teach Slashdot editors to use a spelling checker.
Spelling Correct In Article! (Score:2)
But I can understand why you might have thought they were talking about chocolate.
I personally prefer... (Score:2)
Maybe we can combine the methods, add graham crackers, and create C-smores!
Other cool experiments with microwaves (Score:2, Interesting)
Why bother measuring it? (Score:3, Insightful)
Pretty pointless trying to measure it really.
Re:Why bother measuring it? (Score:2)
And, if you already know the speed (or the refractive index) of warm air, and find out the index for chockolate, you can use this to determine how much of the chockolate actually precipitates into the air of the oven as it is heated. This all depends on a little more accurate measurement
Metric System (was: Re:Why bother measuring it?) (Score:2)
Wrong. The meter is defined by the distance from the Equator to the North Pole (divided 10 000 000).
So seeth the beauty of the metric system:
1000 Meters == one _Kilo_meter
one tenth of a meter == one _Deci_meter
one hundredth of a meter == one _Centi_meter
1 gram == one cube centimeter of water
1 _Kilo_gramm == 1000 cube centimeters of water == one Liter....
and so on. Get the picture?
Now how many feet to a mile was there again?
And what was that with G
Nope... (Score:3, Informative)
In addition to other responses... (Score:3, Informative)
At what temperature? And is that pure water? A mix of isotopes that normally occurs in nature, or the most common 18H2O?
Ambiguities like this is why the metric system was changed from such standards many years ago.
Re:Why bother measuring it? (Score:2)
One 299,792,458th of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom.
And we europeans sometimes say the inch system is weird.
Re:Why bother measuring it? (Score:2)
Re:Why bother measuring it? (Score:2)
Obviously, when Bill Clinton was in office, we had this VAST problem with his definition of a foot in relationship to this measure.
Spoiler (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Spoiler (Score:2, Funny)
You are wrong by 207 542 m/s which is quite a large margin for keeping the Slashdot correction nazis at bay.
Re:Spoiler (Score:5, Funny)
On behalf of the Guild of Pedants and Correctors, I hereby state that a 0.0692% error is well within the acceptable error for most Slashdot posts.
Quite frankly, we're usually happy if you people get within an order of magnitude of the correct value.
(P.S. We really don't appreciate being called nazis. We may be fanatics, but we're not fascists.)Re:Spoiler (Score:2)
Calculation OK? (Score:3, Informative)
I'm no physicist but, seems to me, 6cm would be 0.06m, so more like 3 x 10^7 per solid Girardehli testing.
As my microwave didn't have a frequency reading on the back, I will use the 2.5GHz "typical" value I found after a brief web search.
Thus: the wavelength is
Then the speed is 0.12m x 2.5 x 10^9
Re:Calculation OK? (Score:3, Informative)
However look at the calculation. There is a counter-error which evens things up
0.6x2=0.12m which is wrong.
The correct calculation is
0.06x2 = 0.12m.
Anyway,
0.12x2.5x10^9 = 3x10^8 is correct.
So I think it's just a typo with a zero missing. The actual calculation IS correct.
Re:Calculation OK? (Score:2)
Thus: the wavelength is
0.6m x 2 = 1.2m or
0.06m x 2 =
So, had he done all his math right he would have gotten 3x10^8. As it is, his lab report will come back quite bloodied by the red marker.
I get more enjoyment... (Score:3, Funny)
Some brave souls try to correct me by pointing out that "the microwave particles" are so small they can't be seen, so are clearly smaller than the holes.
I then introduce the notion of particle/wave and laugh as I watch them go completely blank...
Good experiment, wrong goal. (Score:2, Informative)
Actually, the speed of light is 299792458 m/s by definition/p>
So, given the frequency of your microwave a priori, this is actually a rather elaborate way of determining the length of a met{re|er} :-)
Blast my taste buds! (Score:4, Funny)
Couldn't they have created this experiment with something less tasty, like broccoli?!
Using Ping to measure speed of light (Score:4, Funny)
Anyone care to use the method with RFC1149 Avian Carrier Protocol [faqs.org], namely Using Ping to determine Speed of Flight!
Re:Using Ping to measure speed of light (Score:2)
I recall there were some guys who actually implemented [bbc.co.uk] it. However, although some still teach [wide.ad.jp] it, it's not too commonly implemented in the USA nowadays, since the FBI think it's a threat to national security [humorix.org].
MST3K (Score:5, Funny)
Hmmm.. sorry guys, it really is more of a visual joke.
Velocity Factor (Score:2)
Re:Velocity Factor (Score:2)
What do you mean?
A belgian or french chocolate?
My chocolate... (Score:2)
Google is up on this (Score:2, Interesting)
Complete with (incorrect) overusage of CAPS and everything.
This experiment has no place outside the elementary school classroom. In fact, I think it has no place even there, because this method will be so wildly inaccurate that kids will learn the wrong speed of light.
Is it a wonder education is going to hell? We keep coming up with stupid, irresponsible "hack" methods of science that
Ants (Score:5, Funny)
You can also measure the speed of light using ants, the ants are small enough that they can fit into the low energy points of the microwave.
If you put some ants in the microwave, and switch it on, they all start moving from the heat into the cold spots, measure the distance between the cold spots and you have the wavelength.
Obviously, you shouldn't *actually* try this, unless the ants happen to climb in there looking for food, then they're fair game :) And take the turntable out, that's cruel.
The calculation (chocolate or ants) does still rely on prior knowledge of the frequency of the microwave(s) being used. Trying to measure the speed of light without a prior fixed frequency or wavelength is much more taxing. A shortwave radio can help though, or a flashlight and a large telescope (bouncing signals off the moon)
More interesting experiments with a microwave (Score:2, Informative)
The article is wrong! (Score:2, Interesting)
A microwave oven is a resonant cavity, and the resonant frequencies for the modes (TE/TM) are given by
where A,B,C are the dimensions of the cavity and i,j,k are non-negative integers (not all zero) which specify the mode.
This experiment does not "measure" the speed of light. All this "experiment" does is tries to isolate out a spec
Re:The article is wrong! (Score:2)
Very nice but.... (Score:2, Interesting)
Test other scientific conjectures at home! (Score:2)
1. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle:
"Where the F*ck are my F*cking car keys!?!?!?"
2. Schrodinger's classic experiment on Superposition:
"Heeeeere kitty kitty kitty..."
3. Tycho Brahe's INCREDIBLE exploding bladder!
This won't work for most microwaves (Score:5, Insightful)
This only works if you can stop the mechanism by which the microwaves are scattered around to make for even heating. If you have a turntable in the bottom of your microwave, then removed it might do the trick, but most microwave ovens have a rotating metal "fan" that is enclosed in the upper surface over the cooking cavity, and that metal fan spins to scatter the waves around -- think of it like a flashlight and a mirrored pinwheel. Hence no turntable is required.
I'm not aware of any way of disabling that "fan", although I suppose you could drill a tiny hole in the shroud and poke in something to stop the spin, a la stopping a grinding PC fan. But I personally am not terribly interested in poking a drill into a microwave oven ...
That's nothing, try using grapes (Score:3, Funny)
My brother thought it was "awesome," my mom feared for her microwave, and my dad (an EE) said "ah, the grapes are about the size of the wavelength of a microwave so the grape must be acting as a dipole antenna, neat" and walked away.
Re:Um turntable anyone??? (Score:2)
Yikes, some people.
Re:Um turntable anyone??? (Score:2)
Re:Um turntable anyone??? (Score:3, Interesting)
Second problem is that it is actually difficult to stop something rotating. You need an inverted soup bowel or something to give clearance over the t
Re:Um turntable anyone??? (Score:2)
Re:neat idea... bad result (Score:2)
For those who care, the speed of light is exactly 299,792,458 m/s.
Re:neat idea... bad result (Score:2)
The value I quoted is for the speed of light in vacuo (no air). In air, light travels about 1.0003 times slower.
And yes, I do mean that number to be exact (there's no decimal places). The second is defined by (IIRC) the time it takes for a certain number of oscillations of a cesium atom, and the meter is defined from that via the speed of light.
Re:neat idea... bad result (Score:5, Funny)
Speed of light approx 300 000 km/s = 3E8 m/s.
Actually, the easiest way to measure the speed of light is to measure the interval between the lights turning green and the first cab horn sounding during the morning rush hour in Manhattan, then measure the distance from the lights to the cab.
Neither original nor practical, but then I am tired and this is /.
Re:turntable (Score:3, Funny)
Step [1]: Using a highly detailed tool (1) you will first wrap around a plastic groove on the front of the microwave. You will then use this tool (1) putting a few newtons of pulling force translaterally against the groove. Too much pressure here may be dangerous, so use caution. If your microwave has no such groove, you'll press tool (1) against a reverse indentation on the front of the microwave using at least a few newtons
Don't worry... (Score:2, Funny)
Re:The speed of light? (Score:4, Informative)
Microwaves are light. They just have a longer wavelength [nasa.gov]. The speed is the same as for visible light. It is only dependent upon the medium.
if it needs 2 minutes to melt some chocolate, that's not very fast.
Otoh, I wholeheartedly agree with this statement.
Re:light waves == microwaves? (Score:3, Interesting)
A few things: (Score:3, Interesting)
2) Generally speaking, materials (esp. un-ionized gas) will have a lower refractive index as frequency decreases. Hence, microwaves will be slowed less so than visible light in the air cavity of the microwave.
3) The patterns formed in the chocolate are due to standing waves set up in the cavity. The chocolate is a thin layer at the bottom, so the nodes will not reflect