Destroying Nuclear Weapons with High-Energy Neutrinos 100
TheMatt writes "As reported by PhysicsWeb, physicists are proposing a "futuristic but not necessarily impossible" method of destroying nuclear weapons via high-energy neutrinos sent through the earth. Based on
current planned efforts, this 'vast extrapolation' of current technology would use 1000 TeV beams. This would require a 1000-km diameter storage ring using magnets orders-of-magnitude stronger than currently available. The cost would be around $100 million-plus and it'd use 50 GW of energy, the UK's current consumption. (And the slight problem that the process might set off the nukes, instead of just melting them...)"
It would require... (Score:5, Insightful)
Oh, is that all? A mere 1000km storage ring. For you US folks out there, that is approx 600 miles.
On a serious note, what happens if you miss with this thing? It is quite interesting scientifically, however interesting never implies practicality.
Re:It would require... (Score:2)
Re:It would require... (Score:1)
All I could think of was Dr. Brown. (Score:5, Funny)
All I could think of was Marty McFly. (Score:1)
Re: It would require... (Score:1)
> Oh, is that all? A mere 1000km storage ring. For you US folks out there, that is approx 600 miles.
> On a serious note, what happens if you miss with this thing?
How do you 'miss' when your gun's barrel is 600 miles wide?
Re:It would require... (Score:1, Interesting)
Well, as long as you don't hit anything fissionable you're probably ok.
I don't see how this could be useful though - if an adversary has more then one bomb they'll probably use the second as soon as their first is melted by this thing. Plus, you'd need to know the exact position of their whole nuclear arsenal... and if you know that why not just stage tactical strikes against all of them simultaneously?
Maybe if you could aim this thing fa
Re: The core (Score:1)
Re:It would require... (Score:1)
Re:It would require... (Score:1)
Dear North Korea (Score:5, Funny)
Please allow me to express our deepest regrets and sympathies for vaporizing your country. Unfortunatly, while attempting to help save the world from future nuclear calamities, we accidently detonated all your nuclear warheads. We hope that this will not cause you any inconvenience, and we look forward to a prosperous trade relationship with your country at the conclusion of your nuclear winter.
Sincerly,
-George W Bush
Re:Dear North Korea (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Dear North Korea (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Dear North Korea (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Dear North Korea (Score:2)
Re:Dear North Korea (Score:2)
Dear North Korea,
Allow me to vaporiz(e/ing) your country while attempting to help save the world from future nuclear calamities. We look forward to your nuclear winter.
And there you have it, folks -- U.S. "preemptive" foreign policy.
Use the Source, Luke... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:Use the Source, Luke... (Score:1)
It's been said that every good idea in science was done in sci-fi first. This idea is strongly reminicent of Fredrick Pohl's "The Gold at the Starbow's End" (also published in longer form as "Starburst") in which the protogonists send a hail of subatomic particles at the Earth which melts down every nuclear weapon and reactor on Earth. I don't remember if the particles were neutrinos or not, but I think it may have been impiled.
By the way,
Re:Use the Source, Luke... (Score:1)
I wish there were a way to read the original article...
Another stride toward peace (Score:1)
Re:Another stride toward peace (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Another stride toward peace (Score:2)
Hell yeah, detonate 'em! (Score:2)
A device that detonates warheads can be defended against only by not building them. In other words, nuclear weapons become a big liability, especially if they're in your territory and near your troops, which they almost certainly will be.
Of course, if we have the technology to create and channe
Re:Hell yeah, detonate 'em! (Score:1)
In other words, nuclear weapons become a big liability, especially if they're in your territory and near your troops, which they almost certainly will be.
I agree with that, and if we built this it might make leaders consider the idea of getting rid of nukes worldwide. You can tell I'm sort of a peace advocate.
Estimated cost is $100 billion+ (Score:5, Informative)
sweet! (Score:4, Funny)
Sweet ? how about a nuclear reactor ? (Score:2)
Just think of what good could've come out of spending that money instead of just attacking irak. Ahh well
Anyway, whew on those 100 billion, considering that Saddam snuck away close to 1 billion
Re:Sweet ? how about a nuclear reactor ? (Score:2)
Re:Sweet ? how about a nuclear reactor ? (Score:2)
I am sure, however, that the american ppl would rather spend it to improve their lives rather than invading irak.
Re:Sweet ? how about a nuclear reactor ? (Score:2)
I can improve my own life just fine, thank you. The government should stick to doing what the Constitution says they can and should do, like national defense.
BTW, the "american ppl" approve of the war in Iraq by about 68-78%...
Re:Sweet ? how about a nuclear reactor ? (Score:2)
I don't believe that wars abroad have anything to do with "national defense". So called "surgical-strikes" maybe, all-out war, never.
What i find amazing about this post-war time is the absolute news silence about post war irak, it is like it has literallly vanished from the globe. It went from being on CNN 24-7 to 0-0. Where are the WMD ? What
Re:Sweet ? how about a nuclear reactor ? (Score:2)
As for the WMD, I don't know how much we will find, but we will find what's there. I don't think Saddam destroyed them. He either sold them (in which case we waited too damn long to strike) or hid them. Iraq is a big, barren country.
As to foreign wars, sometimes you ju
An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:2)
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:4, Insightful)
The problem is that this technique is so grossly, extravagantly, embarrassingly inefficient. A neutrino beam can (and will, in this scheme) pass through a good fraction of the Earth without blinking. Astronomers build neutrino detectors on Earth at great cost and inconvenience because (among other reasons) most neutrinos from fusion the Sun's core travel directly to Earth without interacting with any of the matter in between.
This device would be so horrifically expensive because the vast majority (ninety-nine point several nines percent) of neutrinos are lost to space, out the other side of the Earth. To block a significant fraction of the neutrino beam would require a shield with tremendous density or thickness. We're talking several kilometres of neutron star material (at a density of tons per teaspoon) or light years of lead. Neither solution is particularly practical. Maybe a few decades down the road you could construct artificial black holes, and place them beneath your nuclear stockpile.
As we understand neutrino interactions, they essentially cannot be stopped (they won't pass through the black holes mentioned above--but we can't build those yet.) Your best bets for defense are to keep your nukes well hidded--so your adversaries can't target them--or launching a first strike--use your nukes to destroy this large, obvious, easy-to-hit neutrino generation facility. (An accelerator ring 1000 km across can't be concealed--heck, it won't fit in most countries, let alone be paid for--and it can't be moved to a place of safety.)
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:4, Interesting)
That's not a bug, it's a feature.
1) Only a few countries are big enough to hold such a device. They're already nuclear powers, and they're pretty responsible users thereof.
2) Because of how huge it is, it's probably not going to be near a coastal region. So you gotta bomb it or ICBM it (short range ballistic missiles aren't gonna cut it, nor is a flotilla of cargo ships with smuggled weapons. :)
3) It's a lot easier to defend a 1000km ring with anti-ballistic missiles for 15 minutes than it is to defend an entire continent. (You only need to set up your ABM tech every 100km or so around the circumference.)
4) For superpowers, the countermeasure is to build your own 1000 km neutrino ring. (And short of starting WWV, there's no way for Superpower Foo to prevent Superpower Bar from building one!) Two superpowers with such rings have effectively rendered each others' nuclear arsenals obsolete. That's effective deterrence without the sword of mutually-assured destruction hanging over everyone's head.
5) Meantime, all rogue nuclear states' base are belong to the superpowers, because rogue states don't have the land mass to ever build a countermeasure.
6) $100B isn't that pricy if you amortize it out over 10-20 years. And much like nukes, even though the weapons haven't been used in 60 years, one hell of a lot of science has been done along the way. Your MRI and PET scans are as much an offshoot of nuclear weapons research as the fission plants that provides a good chunk of your electricity without a gram of CO2 (for those that believe CO2 is a hazard).
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:2)
Until Bar builds one of its own, they will feel threatened. Bar may well launch before Foo gets the first one fin
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:1)
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:1)
We're talking several kilometres of neutron star material (at a density of tons per teaspoon) or light years of lead. Neither solution is particularly practical.
If we could obtain "kilometers" of neutronium near Earth, nuclear weapons cease to be the big problem. Cubic kilometers worth of neutronium would probably rip the planet apart. Not practical, indeed.
Maybe a few decades down the road you could construct artificial black holes, and place them beneath your nuclear stockpile.
And this is practic
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:1)
My point exactly.
Re:An excellent opportunity for some DARPA funding (Score:2)
Of course the only way to watch it will be to put a 6 hour tape in your VCR, then view it on fast forward in the morning.
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100 million? (Score:3, Informative)
Doesn't the US spend something like that producing a single bomb? A quick google search brings up an interesting result:
The US spends 100 milllion dollars every day maintaining it's nuclear arsenal. [gsinstitute.org]
Re:100 million? (Score:2)
european million != US million (Score:1)
Irradiating nukes (Score:5, Informative)
Bombs would not go off, because the assembly of the core is always subcritical. Even if the high explosives of the implosion device goes off (because of the heat or fire, for example), the spontaneous nuclear explosion is very unlikely. These shaped charges in the implosion design have to be set off from a precise starting point at exactly same time. [Setting of the "implosion lenses" of the implosion device simultanneously was one of the major technical hurdles of the Fat Man development]
And, honestly I do not believe that such a strong neutron source could be realised using a neutrino beam.
Re:Irradiating nukes (Score:5, Interesting)
And how do you lock onto the targets? If you can get a conventional radiation detector close enough, you might as well just send in the Marines to pick up the nuke. You can't use neutrinos to detect them because (1) detector efficiency is abysmal and (2) fission reactors and the sun provide a tremendous background signal.
And suppose you do somehow build an aimable neutrino beam. What happens if a rogue operator points it at a fission reactor? You're right that it almost certainly cannot ignite the pit of a bomb because the storage configuration has a low reactivity. Reactors, on the other hand, operate near unity reactivity. I don't know enough about reactor physics to say what is possible, but I'd be very worried that the neutrino beam could liberate enough unexpected heat to put the reactor in a positive temperature coefficient of reactivity regime. Boom. Like the Chernobyl disaster, but potentially much bigger.
Re:Irradiating nukes (Score:2)
Re:Irradiating nukes (Score:2)
Re:Irradiating nukes (Score:2)
More like a big industrial boiler exploding, a rather spectacular event. If it uses water and graphite/metal, they burn and make an even bigger explosion. God help you if it's a metallic uranium/liquid sodium reactor.
And that's assuming the reactivity doesn't get much worse than, say, the Chernobyl disaster. There's no telling how high you can make it go without a lot of modelling that nobody has done.
Besides, who says you
Re:Irradiating nukes (Score:2)
Re:Irradiating nukes (Score:2)
http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/fp/projects/nuc w co st/box7-3.htm
But now they have explosives like 1,3,5-triaminotrinitrobenzene or 3,5-aminonitrotriazole. Those are incredibly insensitive - they even do not burn in fire too much and you can hammer them on anvil to oblivion and they will not detonate.
And hold the world ransom for... 1 Million dollars (Score:4, Funny)
I think Dr. Evil would like to make these guys an employment offer.
And where to build the device?
We first look for a mountain like in fig. 8 whose the surface does not touch many of the straight lines depicted as P1P2, P3P4, Q1Q2 or Q3Q4. We construct two synchrotron A and B which are both revolvable...
Might I suggest a slightly used extinct volcano [00heaven.org] with a retractable roof?
Frickin sharks... (Score:2)
fricken? (Score:1)
1000km/50GW (Score:1)
Another use (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Another use (Score:2)
"So could this be used to destroy a nuclear power station?"
Answer:
It could, but a pitchfork is more practical for the purpose.
I couldn't resist. (Score:1)
Marty: What the hell is a gigawatt?
Doc: How could I have been so careless. One point twenty-one gigawatts. Tom, how am I gonna generate that kind of power, it can't be done, it can't.
Marty: Doc, look, all we need is a little plutonium.
Doc: I'm sure that in 1985, plutonium is available at every corner drug store, but in 1955, it's a
little hard to come by. Marty, I'm sorry, but I'm afraid you're stuck here.
Natural Solution. (Score:3, Funny)
Why not just use a fast reactor? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Why not just use a fast reactor? (Score:4, Funny)
Uh, I think the point of the article is to destroy your enemy's nukes while they're not looking, not to destroy nukes as in 'decommissioning' them. This is more of a disarming first-strike thing than anti-nuke, flowers-in-your-hair weapon destruction party thing.
Re:Why not just use a fast reactor? (Score:1)
Re: Nootreenoes - Neutronz - people - dead ppl (Score:1)
Re:Why not just use a fast reactor? (Score:1)
Put it in space (Score:3, Insightful)
There is the little problem of getting there, setting up shop, and building a 1000 km structure, of course...
Re:Put it in space (Score:2)
Yeah, but at that point the rest is mere engineering detail
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Nuclear Power Plants (Score:2)
Re:Nuclear Power Plants (Score:1)
Re:Nuclear Power Plants (Score:3, Interesting)
It all started with the film the China Syndrome.
There are over a hundred operational energy nuclear plants in the US and about 3-4 times that many research and isotope production plants in the US and about a thousand military reactors and there has been 1 problem with them since 1975.
One problem - Three Mile Island.
Burning of coal produces more radiation every year in the United States than all the hundreds of reactors put out
Re:Nuclear Power Plants (Score:1)
Doomsday Device (Score:2, Interesting)
Lets see...
1 mSv = 1/1000 Sv
1 year = 31.5 million seconds
SO....
1 Sv/sec = 31.5 TRILLION mSv/year
So this simple device produces 31.5 Trillion times the safe limit of radiation.
SURE, protecting the world from nuclear winter by substituting it for cancer on a world-wide scale.
Re:Doomsday Device (Score:1, Interesting)
(*) The lethal exposure for humans is not well known due to a lack of data and an understandable unwillingness for individuals to volunteer as prospective subjects for such a study.
Source [yorku.ca].
I dont get it (Score:1)
If it leaks out wouldnt it be far worse?
Gotta love /. (Score:5, Funny)
It is much easier to suggest solutions when you know nothing about the problem.
Who knew
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i thought... (Score:1)
Re:i thought... (Score:4, Informative)
Now, like I said, the mean free path is an average figure, so a neutrino may interact with a nucleon far sooner, or far later. In the case of earthbound neutrino detectors like Super Kamiokande, the neutrinos that are detected must make it out of the dense plasma of the sun from whence they arise, travel 150,000,000km through interplanetary space (which is basically empty for neutrino purposes), pass through the entire earth, and then into a deep mine shaft filled with something like heavy water or carbon tetrachloride (as you mentioned). A very, very small fraction of the constant torrent of neutrinos passing through this tank will bump into a nucleon and produce a detectable event. Now, if you boost the the energy of these neutrinos up to about 1,000 TeV, the mean free path of each one is reduced to roughly the diameter of the earth. While a tremendous number of neutrinos with this energy,released in a pulse, will either bump into particles somewhere in the earth's interior or will pass straight through, then through the nuke and straight out into space (a small amount would probably make it out of the galaxy eventually), there would probably enough neutrinos hitting particles in the vicinity of the nuke to produce that hadron shower and potentially ruin the bomb.
I do agree that the technology is unrealistic, however- unless a viable 100+ Telsa magnet is found (present record is about 15T for a magnet of the necessary type), the storage ring will have to be 600km in diameter. There are of course many practical problems with this design- the difficulty of aiming this sort of neutrino beam, the incredibly deadly neutron flux produced with the neutrino beam (the prospect of a misfire shooting down an aircraft or irradiating a city block is rather unappealing), and that the authors suggest that a detonation of roughly 3% of the expected nuclear device yield will still occur (or even a full detonation, if the device is a hydrogen bomb, and the "fizzle" explosion and tremendous neutron flux is enough to kickstart fusion). 3 percent of a 20-kiloton device is still the rough equivalent of 600 tons of TNT. If I were the madman dictator of a rogue state, I'd definitely think about keeping my nuclear warheads in populated areas, so the hypothetical "World Government" who holds the keys to the storage ring will have blood on its hands when they use the neutrino pulse to destory a nuke, and 10,000 of my citizens become collateral damage. That would also be an excellent pretext to retaliate with any nukes I have left.
THE CORE (Score:1)
Science Fiction meets...Science Fiction? (Score:1)
These books are probably equally science fiction, but probably have better plots.
Units (Score:2)
50 GigaWatts is approximately the generation output of every commercial generator in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware combined, a value that is routinely hit during the hottest days of every summer since 2000 (the capacity's higher, but I'm estimating some loss for outages
Be very, very happy I am not Bill Gates. (Score:2)
I would be emailing the scientists right now and asking who to make the checks out to.
Can you imagine the fun you would have? Hell, I bet one of these is a better chick magnet then my '96 Tracker w/the roof off!
I want to be Bill's bitch.
Please Bill can I have one, PLEASE! PLEASE!
I mean, wow you could like own the country.
Hell, I would have the largest penius on the planet! I would truly be the Alpha Male.
Of course I would imagine that i
This falls under my 10 year theory. (Score:3, Interesting)
Of course there are problems, big 600 mile radius problems, and this just might punch a 600 mile wide whole in my theory.
But I thought I would throw it out and see if anyone wants to bite.
The theory goes like this. Truly new technology, and by truly new I don't mean the newest chips, I mean stuff that you cannot imagine, well stuff like this. The government has been working on truly new technology for at least 10 years by the time we hear about it first.
My definition of new technology is very, very tight. It is not the refinement of old technology.
As an example we have been reading about quatum computing for lets say 5 years now. I am suggesting that 15 years ago the government got a head start on it. Hell if they have a use for it I bet that they have a mainframe already. Granted super-duper top secret. But I am suggesting that this stuff exists.
Well I will be the first to admit that this punches a whole in my theory. Cause I can't imagine how you could hide a 600 mile wide ring like this.
Anyone think of a way?
Also there is another hole. A device like this would probably work best if it's construction was kept secret (not that that may be possible) but once it existed it would work best if everyone knew about it.
You wouldn't want it to be secret then. You would want it to be public knowledge that you had a way to resolve the Korea problem.
Just random crazy thoughts.
Hey check this out, I am late in taking my meds.
Well, here's one way... (Score:2)
Bury it. It worked for the Stargate.
Anyone notice the peaceful applications? (Score:3, Interesting)