Quantum Computer Possible From Silicon Fab 254
Cash Mitchell writes: "This article from the EE Times says 'Researchers at the University of Wisconsin in Madison claim to have created the world's first successful simulation of a quantum-computer architecture that uses existing silicon fabrication techniques.... With existing fabrication techniques, the team estimates that a million-quantum-dot computer (1,024 x 1,024 array) could be built today and operated in the megahertz range.'"
Just in time (Score:1)
Re:Just in time (Score:2, Informative)
Hmmm? (Score:1)
Just imagine... (Score:2)
The simulation works perfectly.... (Score:5, Funny)
Let's be practical here.. (Score:1, Troll)
Re:Let's be practical here.. (Score:2)
Re:Let's be practical here.. (Score:2)
Don't suppose there is any chance of one of these things opening a doorway to a parallel universe where women find me irresistible?
And the answer is (Score:2)
How is this an improvement over, say... (Score:1)
Re:How is this an improvement over, say... (Score:1, Informative)
Think, sequencing a DNA strand in one step or cracking large encryption keys in seconds.
Re:How is this an improvement over, say... (Score:2)
How does parent have score 2? (Score:1, Informative)
Quantum computers almost certainly cannot solve NP-complete problems in polynomial time. Despite years of research, factoring couldn't be shown to be NP-complete, which is probably not a coincidence.
Re:How does parent have score 2? (Score:2)
Post Early Post Often (Score:2)
Intel's lawyers [slashdot.org] could not be reached for comment.
However, within minutes the domain name "million-quantum.com" [netsol.com] was registered by some greedy slashdotter hoping to cash in.
l33t computer of the future (Score:1)
And if these first prototypes get off the ground... can Intel still say their ghz procs are faster than these mhz procs?
Re:l33t computer of the future (Score:1)
hmm, talk about improved pr0n viewing experience :p
Schrodinger must die! (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Schrodinger must die! (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Schrodinger must die! (Score:1)
Excellent, simply excellent! (Score:2)
~Philly
Re:Schrodinger must die! (Score:2)
Don't worry -- no cats are available for the project. We've already taken every cat we can find and they are all safely preoccupied within another project [deepscience.com].
uh-oh (Score:1, Redundant)
Re:uh-oh (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:uh-oh (Score:2)
What about the stuff people encrypted that they assumed would be uncrackable for a long time?
The whole public-key infrastructure is still in its infancy. Oops, now we have to start building a new one before we finished building the original one.
Maybe strong crypto was just a short golden age, never again to occur. Maybe it's just normal that all codes become obsolete within 10 years, and nobody should expect the kind of information privacy we've started to take for granted.
Re:uh-oh (Score:3, Informative)
There was a recent discussion about quantum computers (QCs) on sci.crypt. The consensus is, given a powerful enough QC, all public-key methods (RSA, Diffe-Helman, Elliptic Curve systems, etc) are badly broken by Shor's algorithm.
But symmetric ciphers (AES, DES, Blowfish, Serpent, etc) only have their effective key length cut in half, as a consequence of Grover's algorithm for searching an unordered list in O(sqrt(N)) time. So 64-bit keys become crackable with 2^32 work, and 128-bit keys in 2^64 work. Using 256-bit symmetric keys is considered sufficient to negate the threat of QCs.
I'm not sure about other cryptographic constructs such as PRNGs (Yarrow, ANSI X9.17) or hash functions (SHA-1, MD5), but I'm guessing at worst you would just have to double the size of the internal state to achieve security levels comparable to today.
Disclaimer: IANAC (I am not a cryptographer) but I do know quite a few.
Just wait... (Score:1)
So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:5, Interesting)
A personal weather forecaster, fluid dynamic calculating, realtime, 3d cellphone with a cute ring tone? Or a wash machine that can predict el nino's?
Help me here...
Re: (Score:1, Offtopic)
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:4, Informative)
This book [amazon.com] is pretty good. It's used at my university to teach an intro course in quantum computing.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:1)
On the other hand, a fairly large body of problems have been shown to solvable exponentially faster using QC's. That, combined with the fact that QC/QInformation can be so fun to work with/theorize has contributed to the rapid growth of this field. It's like the Chaos Theory of the 00's.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2, Funny)
Idiotic popular books about the world and philosophy changing "truths" of quantum computing are just around the corner.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:3, Insightful)
Obviously, my point is that most interesting and/or obviously practical areas of science have been popularized. This says nothing about the rigor of the field of study. I'd point out that popularization is NECESSARY, You've seen "Contact," right? Jodie Foster plays the 'good' scientist who doesn't play politics and exepcts EVERYONE to automatically feel and believe the way she does; the movie is a fantasy, so everything turns out OK, but in real life, the super-conducting super-collider gets cancelled because some senators didn't understand what they were funding. Some better popularization (ie education of the non-scientific, non-technical public - that's 90% of the voters, you know) could have made the difference.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:5, Funny)
I can already hear the RIAA running like hell to back this technology.
Several thousand qubits is enough... (Score:3, Interesting)
I work in the field (still an undergrad, but I'm doing some research), and I had the opportunity to meet Michael Nielsen a little while ago when he visited the Perimeter Institute [perimeterinstitute.com] and the University of Waterloo. Nielsen is one of the two authors of the book you mentioned. Out of curiousity, what university do you go to, Misanthropic?
Re:Several thousand qubits is enough... (Score:5, Informative)
And yes, you realistically need a LOT of extra qubits for error-correcting codes.
(Just for completeness, the University of Portland used this [amazon.com] text for a 400-level semester course on QC. It's not too bad, although it expects you to be quite fluent in number theory and linear algebra.)
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Actually, the controlled-NOT operation does precisely that, it copies the value of a qubit. The misconception that it is impossible to copy a qubit comes from a misunderstanding of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. The no-cloning theorem in simple terms says that you can't make a copy of a quantum system because you can't know its state, because to know its state completely would be to change it. The way around this is to use a gate such as C-NOT which lets you make copies of a qubit without actually observing or measuring its state. These qubits are then entangled such that if you ever measure one, they all collapse to the same value. (This is the behavior you would expect from a true quantum copy.)
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:1)
You could also do some really cool web searching algorithms that would find what your looking for to an almost scary degree.
Re: (Score:2)
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:4, Funny)
(GooglePersonal does some context checking for the generic term "driver" and comes up blank...)
"Do you want driver software for hardware attached to this computer, or are you looking for people who drive cars, or are you looking or something else?"
"No, no...the printer drivers."
(GooglePersonal polls the OS for a list of installed printers)
"Do you want drivers for the Fax/Scanner/Printer or for the color laser printer?"
"The color laser."
(GooglePersonal queries the printer for its manufacturer and model ID)
"Do you want to search only the manufacturer's web site?"
"Yes."
(GooglePersonal does the relevant search and returns 1 hit, a link that says "Click here to download and install the most up-to-date drivers for your printer.)
"Only one hit? I wonder if it's the right one...and what am I supposed to do with it? DEAR! WHAT'S OUR SON'S PHONE NUMBER?"
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Aside from the truth factor, your post reminded me of this article [ftrain.com]. Thought I'd share it.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
For the simple reason that the driver could improve, while instructions in the hardware it self would harder to upgrade, and some what more dangerous (what happen if you fail to upgrade ypur bios?).
The driver in the software can be upgraded/fixed easily, also gives you a choice. Would you think that the printer would have a driver for linux embeded? Epson, who does have linux drivers for their printers, dosen't even bother to put them in the CD that comes with the printer.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Once it queries for make and model, it knows WHAT drivers to install. You don't install drivers so the OS knows what's installed; you install drivers so the OS can communicate correctly with the installed hardware.
Don't know what you mean by querying for instruction set; this is done now.. Ever hear of MMX? 3DNow? These are instruction set extensions and the OS is able to query the CPU for them. Kind of a funny thing - it's like drivers for your CPU...
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Solving the protein folding problem would be nice. (Score:2, Informative)
If course, just like everything else that would be revolutionary, the best things are those we can't think of yet.
I'm dubious of this though. I'll start believing it when I see a 10 by 10 demonstrator array running at a few kilohertz. Until then, it's just a nice idea.
Simulate other quantum systems (Score:2, Interesting)
Like, a guy posted something about QC's being helpful in understanding protein folding; I think it could be much more than that. A good way of simulating atomic interactions, without ignoring their quantum aspects, could be revolutionary for any industry that works on the atomic-scale.
These industries include biotech and medicine, chip design, MEMS, all kinds of materials science, nanotech, superconductivity research, how-to-wind-nanotubes-into-space-elevator-cable research, and, yes, how-to-build-better-quantum-computers research.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
I think the difficulty you are having in imagining uses for this technology is sort of a chicken-and-the-egg problem. All of modern computing is based off of hardware that is fundamentally different than this technology. Programming languages and VM's are (to a great extent) mere extentions and abstractions of the hardware. With quantum computing, completely new languages and algorithms need to be invented.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Sorry, the obvious problem has already been stated here, and it is integer factorization.
I'm not knocking your sizing up of the situation, though. You seem to be talking about problems that requre very fast signal processing. Is that necessarily a QC problem? It very well could be that AI which faithfully simulates intelligence (or even true consciousness) requires quantum computing. Nobody can say one way or the other, however, since AI and consciousness are so poorly understood today. I wish I had answers, but for now I'll go with Roger Penrose's assertion that human intelligence is fundamentally non-algorithmic, in addition to being somehow a quantum phenomenon.
Quantum computing, Penrose, and AI (Score:3, Interesting)
As for the use of quantum computers in AI - at present, nobody has provided an example of a vaguely AI-related problem that quantum computers of the type currently being studied would be useful for. Somebody may do so in the future, of course. In any case, anything that can be done on a quantum computer can be simulated on a normal one (in a theoretical sense, it may take till the end of the universe to do so). They don't give you the ability to compute anything "non-algorithmic".
Not as yet (Score:2)
I have heard suggestions that alternative designs for quantum computers would theoretically be able to tackle the TSP (or indeed any NP-complete problems) but from what little I know about the area I don't believe anybody's come up with a vaguely plausible way such a computer might be constructed.
Re:So, what can a million qubits calculate? (Score:2)
Digressing on the "practical, everyday" bit: Quantum computing will have a practical, everyday effect on your life even if all it is used for is integer factorization. It will change the way you bank, the way you shop, the way the government operates and regulates, etc., all because it will change the way confidential and/or secret information can be stored and communicated. There will also be new methods of eavesdrop-proof communication due to quantum technologies, but they can only be used for transmitting messages, not storing them.
Works in the megahertz range? (Score:1)
Re:Works in the megahertz range? (Score:1)
megahertz? (Score:2)
However something seems wrong about using the term "megahertz" in regards to a quantum computer. I didn't think quantum computing had anything in common with a typical synchronous design. Can anyone clarify this for me?
Re:megahertz? (Score:1)
Re:megahertz? (Score:3, Informative)
Parallel exucution of gates can be arranged (as long as gates act on different qubits) but this is highly dependent on the actual physical system used (ion trap, neutral atom trap, optical lattice, solid state nuclear spin, electron dots, SQUIDs etc).
The key figure of merit is the ratio of gate execution time to the decoherence time. Current estimates of error correction efficiency place the upper bound of this ration at 10^-4 or so (this actually also depends on the ratio of the number logical qubits to physical qubits, sacrificing one for the other). Since quantum dots have very short relaxation times, this places severe constraints on the high speed control electronics. I'll wait for the pre-print or paper before coming to any conclusion on the report. There's still the problem of constructing the damn thing, the purity of the silicon, cooling, EM noise and readout (which isn't mentioned in the article). I'm wary of the heterostructure approach, getting pure silicon to work is hard enough (ask the UNSW guys).
Cheers,
D.
(Not a solid state expert)
Re:megahertz? (Score:2, Interesting)
Language (Score:1)
Is there a dilbert-esque techspeak generator they used for this article or what? The previous paragraph makes my head hurt...
Re: Language (Score:1)
Translation for those who could not comprehend it:
"We've figured how to build the darn thing on a silicon chip, layer by layer, and have the blueprints. It kinda works in a simulation. We are now going to make a very simple chip (perhaps few gates) and see how our design works in practice. Sure, there will be kinks, but if our idea turns out to be free from fatal flaws, it gonna rock - eventually."
In an unrelated story... (Score:2, Funny)
Yes, but ... (Score:2)
Re:Yes, but ... (Score:5, Funny)
Paging Vernor Vinge . . . (Score:2, Insightful)
Quantum computing is just around the corner. Blind people can get optical implants [slashdot.org] directly into their brains, allowing them to recover sight. (Not perfect today, but just wait 'til Moore's [slashdot.org] law [slashdot.org] gets hold of this hardware.) It may be possible to build a space elevator [slashdot.org] within the next 15-20 years. And so on, and so on.
The singularity [slashdot.org] is suddenly looking a lot less theoretical.
Re:Paging Vernor Vinge . . . (Score:2, Insightful)
No, it's when the gadgets can do everything you can't do that you will no longer need to work.
Until then you still need to work to make money to pay someone else to do those things...
Mostly? (Score:1)
Mostly be corrected? Am I the only one for whom this does not sound particularly reassuring...or usefull?
Re:Mostly? (Score:2)
Re:Mostly? (Score:2)
I'm not certain.
Re:Mostly? (Score:2)
Excuse me? Heterostructure lasers haven't been around for forty years yet, have they?
Check out this list of achievements that quantum physics has made for telecommunications [bell-labs.com].
So much for RSA (Score:4, Insightful)
Keep in mind that such a computer, if successfully built, will spell the end of RSA. Too bad, that. Does anyone have a quantum-secure public-key system yet?
Re:So much for RSA (Score:2)
Quantum Crypto is available now... (Score:2)
The price? If you have to ask, you can't afford it.
Other way around... (Score:2)
Or to put it another way, there is zero chance of the US goverment risking this falling into the hands of dangerous consumers.
Re:So much for RSA (Score:2)
RSA works on the idea of non-reversible functions. It's pretty trivial to calculate what 23 * 13 is, but quite a bit more difficult to determine what the factors of 299 are, and this with values that could be stored in 5 bits. RSA is considered secure because finding those factors at increasing key sizes becomes nontrivially hard to pull off.
Quantum computers wreck all of this because they can more or less try all possible values at once. However, qubits also have the interesting quality of having their value destroyed when it is observed, meaning you can send some data and if it's munged when it arrives, somebody else has peeked.
So if we go with the use of a one-time pad, we get to gain the advantages of that, but with the added bonus that you can send the key as plaintext, only using it if both parties agree it hasn't been tampered with (just do something like TCP does when setting up a connection: Sender: SYN, Recipient: SYN+ACK, Sender: ACK + data).
Of course there's still the possibility of a man in the middle attack here. Alice wants to talk to Bob. Eve wants to see what Alice has to say, so she interecepts the key as it's going to Bob, and sends Bob a different key. Eve gets to see the plaintext, Alice and Bob never the wiser.
The other big issue is getting good random data for the one-time pads. Plenty of decent pseudorandom number generators out there, though. Might be good enough.
My apologies if I've really munged any of the concepts here. I've not studied any of this in depth.
-transiit
Re:So much for RSA (Score:2)
For the physics-savvy (Score:5, Informative)
I truly take pride in this discovery... mostly because I attend UW. But I suppose a love of physics helps in that area, too.
Anyways, here's a somewhat technical article [lanl.gov] regarding the research (PDF).
Oh, and "On Wisconsin!"
Wow .... (Score:1)
Ok... "Imagine a beouwulf cluster
Is this the end of privacy? (Score:3, Interesting)
Quantum computers could render assymetric crypto next-to-useless, and as-such may permenantly set electronic privacy back decades for all but the super-powerful.
Those that claim quantum cryptography will redress this problem don't understand that quantum crypto will likely be even more expensive than secure symmetric cryptography.
In essence, the advent of quantum computers may be the turning point, the point where advances in computer communication are no-longer tools of freedom, but become, once more, tools of the powerful.
Re:Is this the end of privacy? (Score:2)
Why not just use encryption that's high enough that it would take even quantum computers eons to break? (i.e., 1giga-bit encryption)?
Re:Is this the end of privacy? (Score:2, Informative)
But there are different methods of encryption for quantum computers. Althought as far as I understand, they all work on the transmission medium, and not on the actual data, so I don't how this would apply to routed data, or stored data.
wouldn't work (Score:2)
Re:wouldn't work (Score:2)
There must be some way which encryption can be made to work so that they can't break it in polynomial time.
Re:wouldn't work (Score:2)
Just as an idea, we could use mathematical knots. There are some problems which simply cannot be solved -- period. Quantum computer or not. These are referred to as mathematical knots (though quantum computers may be able to test which ones really are mathematical knots). Why not use such a scheme to encrypt information?
Another possible idea is to encrypt something, then disperse it in a mass of static information (i.e., junk), and encrypt that. Should anything unencrypt it, it'll simply get a bunch of junk, and the person trying to spy would probably assume it was jibberish.
Also, lets not forget that quantum computers are still a ways off.
And lets remember that there are also many good things they'll be used for.
Re:wouldn't work (Score:2)
Well, if a quantum computer can decrypt anything encrypted by a normal computer, why can't a quantum computer encrypt something in such a way that no quantum computer could crack it in a reasonable amount of time?
I didn't suggest security through obscurity. I suggested making something so that such when the encryption on it is cracked, you get jibberish, so the cracker thinks its just crap and discards it.
Btw, do you have any ideas?
Windows == Quantum Computing! (Score:5, Funny)
Doesn't Windows make your computer a quantum computer?
You never know its stability state until you attempt an operation. Upon doing so you can't tell what it will do next.
(With apologies to Mr. Schrodinger and Mr. Heisenberg)
how did they simulate it? (Score:2)
I thought it was very difficult to simulate a quantum computer on a classical computer. Some problems in quantum mechanics can't be properly simulated by a classical system at all.
Once you go past a certain number of qubits, it takes too long to simulate all the possible interactions.
Not that I don't believe we'll see a working quantum co-processor in the next few decades, I'm positive we will.
But I'm just wondering how they came up with the "million qubits" number.
And the question is... (Score:2, Funny)
Interesting application.. (Score:2)
But be willing to accept errors in the data transmission.
Bit errors would be data from other universes.
devise a communications protocal.
Have conversations with the infinite number of your alternates that are also working on their quantum computers to acheive the same effects.
I wonder... (Score:2)
Favorite quote: "The Quantum::Entanglement module attempts to port some of the functionality of the universe into Perl."
hmmm, (Score:2)
Simulation of Potential Success (Score:2)
Of course, if that's the case, an interesting question comes to light: how acurate and predictive are these simulations, that they would be able to predict quantum effects? Does anyone know anything about this sort of "simulated research?"
What Goes Around, Comes Around (Score:2)
It ran at about 1MHz. Maybe they should start by building a quantum VIC-20 and work their way up the scale again. A quantum 64 with quantum SID, and so on...
Quantum computing and Diffie-Helman (Score:2)
News from the future ... (Score:2)
Commander Taco in his test lab grumbled, "I can transport myself to Hong Kong, get measured for a suit, grab a quick hooker, and be back before this think has booted!"
Other anomolies included past life echos, fire, brimstone, and the aparent "voice of God".
Bill Gate's head could not be reached for comments.
Yeah, yeah, yeah (Score:3)
Either this story has been severely garbled by journalists or its an outright lie designed to get funding.
Re:Obligitory (Score:2)
Re:Obligitory (Score:1)
Not your entire borrowing habits... just when you borrow Catcher in the Rye...
--
It's not paranoia when they really are after you...
Before all you closed minded people dismiss this.. (Score:3)
http:/
Have a long hard look at that first link before you ignorantly dismiss this person's opinion.
There is a lot of research into this - the ability for thought to influence the outcome of random calculations and events. It's been years since I looked into any of this, the most common experiment is a depiction of a random number generator that you can make devitate from a true random distribution over time by willing it to do so.
Maybe there's something there, maybe there isn't, but you don't just dismiss or accept it out of hand without looking at experimental evidence yay or nay.
Re:Before all you closed minded people dismiss thi (Score:2)
Fine. I took a pretty good look at that first link. I hereby informedly dissmiss his oppinion. I had to dig to find http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/publist.html with the actual reports with data. I read two, #10 and #11 (selected at whim after skimming titles).
First of all almost all of the results came up negative. They refer to results below average as "negative results", but any result below statitical signifigance is actually a negative result. Second: in #10 *think* I caught them using 1-tail signifigance test in some places they should have used 2-tail tests. If so, that would switch some "postive" results into "negative" results. Third: in #11 I *think* they improperly included incomplete runs for parts of the analysis while excluding them from other parts. This could potentially distort results. Fourth: they cross-analyized the data umpteen different ways actually working to get positive results. If you check sub-sets of the data 20 different ways then one of them should exceed 95% statistical signifigance purely at random. Fifth: In #11 they actually had the gall to throw away half of the data that they didn't like and recalculate the results. When you change the data set after the fact it is trivial to distort the results into fake "statistical signifigance". Sixth: selection bias, negative results are less likey to be published. Seventh: selection bias again, whos bothers reading or linking to papers with negative results?
If there were genuine psychic phenomena the field would explode with scientists. It would explode with military intrest. And perhaps most of all , it would explode with commercial investment/exploitation (chuckle).
By far the largest experiment in the field is the entire casino industry itself. Even the most miniscule effect would become galaringly obvious when you have a sample size probably in the hundreds of trillions (each spin of a slot machine and each bet on the roulette table is a sample).
-