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Medicine

Nobel Prize Awarded To Covid Vaccine Pioneers (nytimes.com) 184

Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman, who together identified a chemical tweak to messenger RNA, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday. Their work enabled potent Covid vaccines to be made in less than a year, averting tens of millions of deaths and helping the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century. From a report: The approach to mRNA the two researchers developed has been used in Covid shots that have since been administered billions of times globally and has transformed vaccine technology, laying the foundation for inoculations that may one day protect against a number of deadly diseases like cancer. The slow and methodical research that made the Covid shots possible has now run up against a powerful anti-vaccine movement, especially in the United States. Skeptics have seized in part on the vaccines' rapid development -- among the most impressive feats of modern medical science -- to undermine the public's trust in them.

But the breakthroughs behind the shots unfolded little by little over decades, including at the University of Pennsylvania, where Dr. Weissman runs a lab. [...] The mRNA work was especially frustrating, she said, because it was met with indifference and a lack of funds. She said she was motivated by more than not being called a quitter; as the work progressed, she saw small signs that her project could lead to better vaccines. "You don't persevere and repeat and repeat just to say, 'I am not giving up,'" she said.

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Nobel Prize Awarded To Covid Vaccine Pioneers

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  • This should be a "fun" discussion. I have my popcorn ready.
    • by ls671 ( 1122017 )

      KInd of very fresh news as well...

    • Re: (Score:2, Flamebait)

      by Kobun ( 668169 )
      This is wonderful news. I am waiting to hear how Robert Malone spontaneously combusts by the weekend. God willing ...
      • Is that quack still trying to convince people that he invented mRNA vaccines?

        • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

          by saloomy ( 2817221 )
          Is he? That quack never obviously invented anything remotely related to or precursary to those vaccines, which he obviously he knows jack shit about. Why, most lay-person keyboard researchers can out-invent that doofus!

          Oh, wait... https://patents.justia.com/inv... [justia.com]
          • Re:Popcorn anyone? (Score:5, Informative)

            by hey! ( 33014 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @08:12PM (#63895513) Homepage Journal

            Actually his claims of creating mRNA and DNA vaccines are wildly exaggerated, and he makes them in venues like Joe Rogan's podcast where people don't know better.

            The idea had been around for a decade or more before his work. Malone's contribution was small but important: he had the idea of using a liposome to deliver the mRNA, and demonstrated that this would worked in a tissue culture. But that's far, far from solving the obstacles to making this work as a *therapy*. The biggest problem by far was that while this delivery method worked *in vitro*, it didn't work *in vivo* because polynucleotides introduced this way triggered an immune system that would kill the transfected cell. Also, natural mRNA was not nearly stable enough to make a practical vaccine, having a half life on the order of *minutes* for mRNA strands of useful sizes.

            So basically this RNA vaccine idea was a dead end as far as anyone knew. In fact the idea was considered so unpromising that there wasn't any funding for it. Karikó had to scrounge research assitant and adjunct professor positions so she could essentially work on the problem on the side while she performed menial academic and research duties.

            What Karikó and Weissman did was figure out how to modify the mRNA to make the idea actually work in a living organism. This took many, many years of hard, unrecognized work. Then to top it off, they solved the mRNA stability problem -- at least to the point where it was possible to store and distribute a vaccine cryogentically.

            As with all great scientific achievements there is an army of unsung contributors whose work made that achievement possible. Malone's *in vitro* RNA transfection work deserves a place in the story. But positioning himself in popular media as the "inventor" of mRNA vaccines was grossly dishonest. The committee chose the right recipients for this prize.

    • Re:Popcorn anyone? (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @03:43PM (#63894865)

      This should be a "fun" discussion. I have my popcorn ready.

      Ain't that the truth. Slashdot Anti Vaxxers and Trump lovers heads are asploding right now.

      Nothing protects the real patriots like bleach injections, Not one person who took 100 ccs of intravenous Sodium Hypochlorite ever got Covid 19, the flu invented by Joe Biden and Nancy Pelosi.

      WAKE UP AMERICA!

  • Doesn't he get recognition for coming up with the idea for the vaccine /s

    • Re:What about Trump? (Score:5, Informative)

      by jacks smirking reven ( 909048 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @02:11PM (#63894525)

      He should get credit for Operation Warp Speed which did help accomplish the goal of getting the vaccines developed and through trials very quickly.

      He keeps trying to take his justly deserved credit for it but his supporters just boo him when he talks about it.

      • Re:What about Trump? (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Pascoea ( 968200 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @02:30PM (#63894587)

        Trump's own words on the topic: "I said I really don’t want to talk about it because, as a Republican, it’s not a great thing to talk about because for some reason, it’s just not." https://www.thedailybeast.com/... [thedailybeast.com]

        My gripe is that he knows exactly why he can't talk about it, but he can't say it out loud if he wants to keep a large portion of his supporters.

        • by jacks smirking reven ( 909048 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @03:04PM (#63894719)

          Honestly I don't think he does, I think he is genuinely confused by the anti-vax sentiment, especially when he wanted so badly for it to be "The Trump Vaccine".

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            by fahrbot-bot ( 874524 )

            Honestly I don't think he does, I think he is genuinely confused by the anti-vax sentiment, especially when he wanted so badly for it to be "The Trump Vaccine".

            He wants everything he's involved with to have his on it -- but then he complains when all these indictments say "v. Donald J. Trump" ... Sigh, you just can't win with this guy. :-)

            • by hawk ( 1151 )

              wait a minute . . . are you saying that I didn't have to get this tattoo to get the vaccine? Can I get it removed now?

          • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

            A Trump vaccine? That sounds like a splendid idea. Imagine that after one or too harmless injections, tens of millions of people could suddenly become indifferent to Trump's antics. Wouldn't that be great?

            Another bright idea: How about if Trump can only have Rudy Giuliani to defend him in court?
            • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

              A Trump vaccine? That sounds like a splendid idea. Imagine that after one or too harmless injections, tens of millions of people could suddenly become indifferent to Trump's antics. Wouldn't that be great?

              There already is a Trump vaccine, unfortunately, it's only 50% effective.

        • Trump's own words on the topic: "I said I really don’t want to talk about it because, as a Republican, it’s not a great thing to talk about because for some reason, it’s just not." https://www.thedailybeast.com/... [thedailybeast.com]

          My gripe is that he knows exactly why he can't talk about it, but he can't say it out loud if he wants to keep a large portion of his supporters.

          And yet I think he was largely right when he said he could shoot someone in broad daylight on fifth avenue and not lose his supporters.

      • Re:What about Trump? (Score:4, Informative)

        by test321 ( 8891681 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @02:31PM (#63894593)

        Trump deserves some credit for accelerating the deployment (in US st least), but he does not match the criteria for the Nobel prize. "Leadership" is explicitly excluded from the prize. "The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine is awarded for discovery of major importance in life science or medicine. Discoveries that have changed the scientific paradigm and are of great benefit for humankind are awarded the prize, whereas life time achievements or scientific leadership cannot be considered for the Nobel Prize." https://www.nobelprize.org/nom... [nobelprize.org]

        • Oh yeah for sure, I wasn't suggesting he should get a Nobel Prize (although he would love that)

      • by gtall ( 79522 )

        He gets no credit for following advisors who told him that virus would sink his re-election if he wasn't seen as doing something about it. Number One Rule for the former alleged president: he does nothing unless it is for himself.

        • I think Presidents do get some credit for following advisors, that's kind of their job to take the input of information given to them and make decisions on it.

          In this case it was a fortunate set of aligned incentives; Trump wanted the pandemic over ASAP so the economy would recover in time for elections and anyone with any knowledge rightly said a vaccine is the path towards that. In this case record speed still wasn't fast enough to hit election time though. I remember during the beginning of the pandemi

      • Re:What about Trump? (Score:5, Interesting)

        by ThomasLB ( 1220384 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @03:15PM (#63894757)

        "Operation Warp Speed" should acknowledge that most of the research was done during the Obama administration in response to a contained SARS outbreak, and that if Trump had not eliminated funding there likely would have been a tested vaccine ready to go from the beginning.

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @04:46PM (#63895073) Homepage Journal

          Also BioNTec is a German company.

        • and that if Trump had not eliminated funding there likely would have been a tested vaccine ready to go from the beginning

          Unlikely. The two have nothing to do with each other. Trump for all his faults didn't cut R&D funding, he cut funding for a response unit, which is largely a detection, analysis, and policy setting unit. Now sure that could likely accelerated the USA response in policy and directed funding... but given how Trump demonstrably ignored all expert advice it is questionable if that unit would have had any impact at all under his leadership.

          For all the faults in the world, the world got vaccines out insanely

      • by Thud457 ( 234763 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @03:40PM (#63894853) Homepage Journal
        And before anybody starts whining about "how is this News for Nerds or Stuff that matters?!", 5G is telecommunications technology.
      • by Ly4 ( 2353328 )

        The credit should go to the adviser that came up with the name 'Operation Warp Speed'. Trump thought the name was cool, and mostly left the project alone.

        Compare and contrast that with how his administration handled PPE ramp-up, with Kushner using allocations for even more grifting, state governments literally bringing in armed guards to protect their shipments, and suppliers begging for contracts to be allocated so they could spin up production.

      • Humm, actually, the largest financial push for the development and testing of the MRNA vaccines came from the German government. Didn't stop both the UK and US government of the time from claiming it was their doing, though.

    • Doesn't he get recognition for coming up with the idea for the vaccine

      Why would Trump get recognition? The technology was being developed for decades before "Operation Warp Speed."

      Pfizer did not take any federal money to develop the vaccine (although they did sign lucrative contracts for selling the completed vaccine to the federal government). Moderna, J&J, and one other company did get some federal development money (although it was not clear if private investors were ready to jump in if that federal money wasn't available).

      Trump's bizarre messaging about the vaccin

      • by guruevi ( 827432 )

        Pfizer took the money as a down payment for the deployment, but it was just accounting tricks to say they didn't accept money. A lot of companies took the money and ran with it, as did Pfizer, at the same time before the vaccine was even developed. Pfizer didn't return the money after Moderna and other solutions got superior results.

        • It was different because Pfizer would not be able to keep the money if they did not provide doses of the vaccine: "Pfizer did not accept federal funding to help develop or manufacture the vaccine, unlike front-runners Moderna and AstraZeneca." (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/10/health/was-the-pfizer-vaccine-part-of-the-governments-operation-warp-speed.html)

          Vaccines are historically not profitable, so the only way to really get companies to invest in vaccines is to ensure there is a market for them. In thi
      • Pfizer did get "some" federal money, Just it was from another federal government. It received 375 million Euro from the German government to accelerate the development and production capacity of the vaccine. Because apparently even with the European model of pharmaceutical development it is possible to fund research without having to sell insulin at 200 to 300 dollars per dose.

      • President's get to ride on uncontrollable circumstances, yes. If Clinton was elected does it also get done in a similar timeframe? Probably, but she wasn't in the chair when Covid hit so we'll never know. Another way to look at the job I suppose for a lot of things is "just don't fuck it up" and for an administration that to me just kept fucking up the obvious is maybe why this one stands out.

    • by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @03:35PM (#63894829)

      Doesn't he get recognition for coming up with the idea for the vaccine /s

      He already got all the other Nobel prizes - he knows more about - and people are saying you know, it's like a real bit of knowledge, You see - no one on earth knows more about - he's the acknowledged expert by people who know about such things. And Nancy Pelosi, I men, you know what I mean, I won all 50 states be a landslide, never before happened But the people, real patriots, not RINOS - they know.

      Now what were we talking about?

    • Also Trump hand cranked out all those millions of vaccines by himself. With those tiny hands, that was not easy to do.
  • Cue the anti-vax crowd: "Nuh-UH, man! They're just trying to retcon how these brand new vaccines just happened to show up a few months into the pandemic. They already had the vaccine, man, because they already had the virus! The MAN is trying to gaslight you. My brother - dead from the engineered COVIDs - was a martyr against the global state. Wake up [cough], sheeple! [crunches pickle]"
    • Mmmm... pickle.

    • by Tablizer ( 95088 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @04:59PM (#63895113) Journal

      The argument from anti-vaxxers is that being relatively new for humans, there could be long-term side-effects of mRNA vax's that nobody knows about yet. "Maybe in 10 years the men will grow breasts" and so on.

      There is some general rationality to such fears; however, a heavy bout of Covid itself can have unpleasant long-term side-effects, as heavy virus illnesses often give, because human cells are casualties in big immunology wars. Almost any kind of cell can get whacked; it's playing Russian Roulette with your cells.

      Half my brother's face sometimes goes numb because of a nasty infection he once had decades ago. It also affects his ability to taste food.

      I've never received a good answer on why anti-mRNAers think the first risk is higher than the second.

      One person said, "I'd rather live with nature's danger than man-made dangers", but couldn't clarify it beyond that.

      And when the "regular" non-mRNA Covid vax came out, many complainers STILL didn't take it. It's as if they are being obstinate merely to "own the libs".

      • I've never received a good answer on why anti-mRNAers think the first risk is higher than the second.

        It is a bit of a false choice to say the only options were mRNA vaccines or no vaccines given fact Novavax beat Pfizer to human trials. It could have been done without rolling the dice on mRNA.

        • It is a bit of a false choice to say the only options were mRNA vaccines or no vaccines given fact Novavax beat Pfizer to human trials.

          Novavax released Phase III trials in January 2021. [wikipedia.org] One month earlier, Pfizer had delivered the first 1.8M doses of their vaccine while Moderna had 4.0M doses by February 2021. Novavax would not begin manufacture until later.

          It could have been done without rolling the dice on mRNA.

          One of main benefits to mRNA vaccines was the speed and cost of manufacture as traditional vaccines require the production of the pathogens. While traditional vaccines could have been manufactured eventually mRNA vaccines were indeed faster to design and manufacture.

          • Novavax released Phase III trials in January 2021. One month earlier, Pfizer had delivered the first 1.8M doses of their vaccine while Moderna had 4.0M doses by February 2021. Novavax would not begin manufacture until later.

            By first to human trials I'm referring to the Phase I trials in May 2020.

            Novavax
            https://clinicaltrials.gov/stu... [clinicaltrials.gov]

            Pfizer
            https://clinicaltrials.gov/stu... [clinicaltrials.gov]

            One of main benefits to mRNA vaccines was the speed and cost of manufacture as traditional vaccines require the production of the pathogens.

            The benefit of the mRNA platform is that it's mostly software defined allowing vaccines to be developed and in the presence of preexisting production facilities to scaled up quickly. In the case of covid there was no preexisting production capability to speak of. That had to be created by throwing billions of dollars in money and resources at the problem.

            • By first to human trials I'm referring to the Phase I trials in May 2020.

              And why is that even remotely relevant if it took LONGER for Novavax to be manufactured?

              The benefit of the mRNA platform is that it's mostly software defined allowing vaccines to be developed and in the presence of preexisting production facilities to scaled up quickly. In the case of covid there was no preexisting production capability to speak of. That had to be created by throwing billions of dollars in money and resources at the problem. There is zero reason the same could not have been done with Novavax to scale up their production.

              mRNA vaccines do not require the pathogen to be created FIRST. That speeds up manufacture. For Novavax, they had to create protein adjuvant. Do you think that was magically created?

              This is not true. Novavax beat Pfizer to human arms and the only reason mRNA won was the capital investments for production dwarfed what was available to Novavax. In an alternate reality without Pfizer or Moderna Novavax would have most certainly been on the receiving end of the necessary capital investments to rapidly scale production.

              What kind of denier are you? It if a FACT that Pfizer and Moderna had MILLIONS of vaccines distributed BEFORE Novavax started manufacture. That was the reality. Why are you lying about facts? Still whining that Novavax went to trial first is b

              • And why is that even remotely relevant if it took LONGER for Novavax to be manufactured?

                Is it really so hard to understand larger capital investment = more product quicker?

                mRNA vaccines do not require the pathogen to be created FIRST.

                Do you know what a pathogen is?

                That speeds up manufacture. For Novavax, they had to create protein adjuvant.

                Do you know what an adjuvant is? It sounds like the answer to both questions is a resounding no.

                This is not true. Novavax beat Pfizer to human arms and the only reason mRNA won was the capital investments for production dwarfed what was available to Novavax. In an alternate reality without Pfizer or Moderna Novavax would have most certainly been on the receiving end of the necessary capital investments to rapidly scale production.

                What kind of denier are you? It if a FACT that Pfizer and Moderna had MILLIONS of vaccines distributed BEFORE Novavax started manufacture. That was the reality. Why are you lying about facts? Still whining that Novavax went to trial first is basically denialism.

                Good grief do you even speak English? I was not speaking of what happened I was speaking of what could have happened.

      • There is some general rationality to such fears;

        There is a general rationality of caution when it comes to all medication. For some small parts of the population, something that is generally benign like aspirin can be deadly to them. However, for the vast majority of people vaccines do not present as large a risk as the disease it protects against.

        I've never received a good answer on why anti-mRNAers think the first risk is higher than the second.

        Because someone told them. Let's be honest in that most people who were against the vaccines do not have any decent background in virology, pathology, epidemiology, etc. But their cousin's college roommate's co

  • by WaffleMonster ( 969671 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @04:51PM (#63895087)

    Novavax actually beat Pfizer to human trials using standard viral analog approach. Throwing money and resources at them could have easily resolved their production issues. Subsequently numerous other successful protein analog vaccines were created.

    Not only could the same results have been achieved without mRNA the technology itself introduced additional risks in the form of the ability to infect any cell in the body causing cell damage/death and associated immune response and inflammation. These risks were largely avoidable using more traditional viral analogs.

    • by UnknowingFool ( 672806 ) on Monday October 02, 2023 @07:11PM (#63895373)

      Novavax actually beat Pfizer to human trials using standard viral analog approach. Throwing money and resources at them could have easily resolved their production issues. Subsequently numerous other successful protein analog vaccines were created.

      The point you seem to miss is that mRNA is faster and cheaper to manufacture. When making billions of vaccines, this is important.

      Not only could the same results have been achieved without mRNA the technology itself introduced additional risks in the form of the ability to infect any cell in the body causing cell damage/death and associated immune response and inflammation. These risks were largely avoidable using more traditional viral analogs.

      And how many months did the Novavax vaccine arrive after both Pfizer and Moderna?

The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth. -- Niels Bohr

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