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Businesses The Almighty Buck Science

Paywalled Science Journals Under Fire Again 131

The Real Dr John sends this report from The Guardian: Emeritus professor Stephen Leeder was sacked by the Medical Journal of Australia (MJA) in April after challenging a decision to outsource some of the journal's functions to the world's biggest scientific publisher, Elsevier. This month he will address a symposium at the State Library of NSW where academics will discuss how to fight what they describe as the commodification of knowledge. Alex Holcombe, an associate professor of psychology who will also be presenting at the symposium, said the business model of some of the major academic publishers was more profitable than owning a gold mine. Some of the 1,600 titles published by Elsevier charged institutions more than $19,000 for an annual subscription to just one journal. The Springer group, which publishes more than 2,000 titles, charges more than $21,000 for access to some of its titles. "The mining giant Rio Tinto has a profit margin of about 23%," Holcombe said. "Elsevier consistently comes in at around 37%. Open access publishing is catching on, but it requires researchers to pay up to $3000 to get a single open access article published. What other options are there for making scientific publications available to everyone?
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Paywalled Science Journals Under Fire Again

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday August 16, 2015 @01:51AM (#50325379)
    http://www.cracked.com/article... [cracked.com]

    "Since most research is taxpayer funded, you're paying for a product and then paying again to actually use it"!!! From TFA:

    #6. Negative Results Are Ignored
    #5. Scientists Don't Have To Show Their Work
    #4. You Have To Pay To Get Published
    #3. It's All About Profit "Three publishing companies (Reed Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, and Springer) account for 42 percent of all published articles. This oligopoly has obscenely high profit margins of 30 to 40 percent."
    #2. No One Can Share Their Work "When scientists can't get papers from their peers, they have to rely on subscriptions owned by their employer. Because we now know that publishing companies are at "mustache-twirling" on the evil scale, subscription fees are astronomically high. Harvard pays $3.75 million a year"
    #1. Predatory Companies Publish Sham Science "Predatory publishers offer to publish any paper, regardless of quality, for a processing fee of only thousands of dollars. Often, this fee is mentioned after the paper has been accepted and the scientist has signed away their copyright, a strategy we'd expect from a shady porn producer, not the world of hard sciences. It's not one or two scummy companies, either -- one librarian has counted several thousand of these journals."
  • by hankwang ( 413283 ) on Sunday August 16, 2015 @02:03AM (#50325399) Homepage
    Somehow, a lot of US medical research is published as open access. I think one of the major funding agencies has simply demanded that the research must be published as OA. If all funding agencies do so, I'd expect that publishers will have to compete not only on prestige, but also on publication fees.
    • If a consortium of university libraries demanded open access, the publishers would have to agree. Those libraries are generally the ones who pay for subscriptions.

  • by Karmashock ( 2415832 ) on Sunday August 16, 2015 @02:38AM (#50325473)

    Obviously you need a scientist to go over your work but I think they might lower the costs if they can make the papers easier to read or potentially release them as a series.

    This sounds like complete heresy but consider the economic and logistical advantages.

    By releasing something in a more intelligible format even experts will be able to review it faster and more confidently. Keep in mind that we're not exchanging dead trees with each other and there's no reason why a "paper" has to be formatted like it is written on paper. Hyperlinks for example are almost never in these studies which is too bad because they're a superior form of notation. You see this in wikipedia articles where they'll put a hyperlinked number after a statement to reference its source. Beyond that, you are not restricted to a notion. You could have the hyper link literally take you to the specific portion of the paper being referenced. Directly. No need to actually be familiar with it previously. You could also separate the data out in a raw format and include it with the algorithms used to process it in the "paper" itself. This is not practical on literal paper that you're literally publishing. But in a computer journal it is elementary. Formating the papers differently and possibly breaking that process down into specialties could really help. So Dave just examines the validity of raw data. That's all he does in any paper. Then you have Tom and he just looks at the statistical algorithms and various other mathematical models used to process things. Just the math. Then you have Eric that handles external citations and go through the claims made and the references they're citing and that's all he does for any paper. And then all those people pool their findings on that and the combination is handed off to Adam who will read the abstract, the conclusion, the comments by the people that verified or found issues with the paper, and he then decides to pass or fail the paper through peer review on that basis. And ideally all of this information would be published along with the paper itself so that other people reading the paper could see what the peer review board looked at, caught, missed, etc. But the idea is you break it down into simpler jobs and then audit the bits individually by experts that only do that.

    And if that is still creating sticker shock when it comes time to publish, consider taking a big paper and turning it into a lot of little ones that can be audited more quickly individually and possibly will collectively have a smaller sticker price simply because it isn't some giant daunting monster.

    Just my 2 cents from the peanut gallery. Cue the horde of people that will stick their noses straight in the air and say "who are you to have an opinion"... a comment that never stops being funny because the implication of the question is fallacious. Which undermines the scholastic weight of the person saying such a thing because if they were anyone they'd be smart enough not to ask such a stupid question.

    Who am I? No one. I'm a naked man that sleeps in a rain barrel and begs for food (the educated will get the reference). Doesn't make me wrong.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward

      These journals do not review the papers. Other scientists review the papers for free. These journals just publish them and scientific community does all the work.

      There are other forces pushing small increments instead of big important papers. One is that you can publish earlier so that others do not independently discover the same thing and beat you to it. Other is that research funding is mostly about quantity, not about quality.

      • The cost comment was in reference to the complaint that OPEN journals cost upwards of 3000 dollars to get a single paper published.

        My suggestion was to see if there was a way to reduce the costs of publication while maintaining the rightful auditing procedures that peer review should provide.

        As to the notion that the scientists are not being paid to audit the papers, then why do the paid journals only have a profit margin of 38 percent?

        If I'm getting the papers for free, people are auditing the papers for f

        • by AthanasiusKircher ( 1333179 ) on Sunday August 16, 2015 @09:21AM (#50326209)

          The cost comment was in reference to the complaint that OPEN journals cost upwards of 3000 dollars to get a single paper published.

          That number is highly variable. There are plenty of open-access journals that cost only a few hundred dollars per article for publication, not several thousand. See here [nature.com], for example. As that article notes, quite a few big open-access publishers admit that their internal costs for publishing are around a few hundred dollars per article.

          As to the notion that the scientists are not being paid to audit the papers, then why do the paid journals only have a profit margin of 38 percent?

          If I'm getting the papers for free, people are auditing the papers for free, my cost structure is a website, and people are paying me 20k for a subscription to access the journals... then why is my profit margin so low?

          I think you are significantly underestimating the amount of administrative work that goes on in sustaining a publishing operation, even an online one. See the first big chart in the link above, which breaks down costs percentage-wise in publication, and see the amount needed for "administering peer review; editing; proofreading; typesetting; graphics; quality assurance... covers; indexes and editorial; rights management; sales and payments; printing and delivery; online user management; marketing and communications; helpdesk; online hosting... " etc.

          There's a lot of random overhead required.

          The profit margin if what you're saying is true should be closer to 97~99 percent basically meaning the journal has a small staff that matches X scientists with Y papers... and then whatever the web hosting costs which in any of these businesses is basically nothing.

          Um... yeah... again, see above.

          That said, it's clear that something fishy is going on with commercial publishers. As this article [lse.ac.uk] notes, the for-profit publishers seem to charge 2-3 times as much as non-profits, so it seems like they should be making more than 38% profit. I don't know what the explanation is there, other than that I imagine for-profit companies pay upper-level administrators more.

          Anyhow, wherever that excess money is going, your weird conspiracy theory that there's some sort of "kickback" scheme to scientists or reviewers or universities just isn't happening.

          • If the cost is a couple hundred dollars than there is no problem. That's a sustainable cost structure.

            Mission accomplished. Everyone go home.

            *shuts off lights and locks the doors*

        • And without looking into it any more than that, this suggests that either the scientists are getting paid or the university is getting paid on their behalf for their contribution

          It's astonishing that people with such deep ignorance of a field seem to feel the need to hold forth.

          • not as astonishing as your belief you can contradict me without so much a rebutting argument. I pointed out the discongruity in the numbers and you respond "well you're stupid"...

            Fucking brilliant rebuttal.

            *golf clap*

            • Actually you don't understand even what an argument and rebuttal is. An argument is a logical series of arguments reaching a conclusion. You haven't done that. All you've done is baldly state something which is in direct contradiction of actual facts. In other words:

              You are completely making it up that universities and/or academics are getting paid for review.

              Doesn't happen. Never has happened. And not being able to see the books of some random journal doesn't prove it happens.

              • No, I'm saying there have to be costs associated with every submission and I don't understand what they are... and neither do you. So perhaps I should send an email off to one of the journals so I can talk to someone with a clue? We'll see if I care enough.

                • No what you did was suggest academics and universities were getting paid. They aren't, and you seem incapable of admitting you were very much in error. All you are doing now is trying to obscure your error in sophistry. As for where the money goes have you read anything?

                  http://www.webcitation.org/64j... [webcitation.org].

      • by KGIII ( 973947 )

        AAM does not pay anything. AMS gives 'points' to review articles but, well, AMS is not so much a journal really. I have only reviewed for those two - mostly the latter. I did publish more in AAM but it was a bit younger then.

        At one time, I envisioned my future as being crammed into a dusty old cellar at the edge of campus and being surrounded by walls covered with blackboards. Sometimes I look back and wonder, would I be happier today if I had taken that route then? Then, well, I look outside and see my new

    • by serviscope_minor ( 664417 ) on Sunday August 16, 2015 @06:56AM (#50325901) Journal

      Obviously you need a scientist to go over your work but I think they might lower the costs if they can make the papers easier to read or potentially release them as a series.

      The peer reviewing is done for free. As in the people who review do it because it's part of one's duties as a member of the community. Making papers easier to read would certainly be nice (better journals tend to have better written papers). Not sure what you mean by "release as a series".

      I wouldn't want yet more stuff to review to be honest. I already am atmy limit and have to turn things down occasionally due to lack of time.

      The other problem with "easier to read" is few people set out to write a badly written paper. A few do---those who want to obscure something---but most don't. The thing is scientists are on the whole scientists. Writing, and GOOD writing is a whole other career and one that scientists ocasionally master in addition to their own, but often just get by.

      Writing a good paper actually has a lot in common with writing fiction. Even though it's about facts, there still has to be a narrative flow guiding the reader towards the author's ideas. An additional problem is that unlike fiction where you alter the world to fit the narritive, with science you have to bend the narritive to fit the immutable world, which can make things a bit confusing when you have s triangled of dependencies and you have to start somewhere.

      I'm not a writer, and I was like many only a so-so scientific writer. I've seen a few truly excellent

      There's also the problem of different styles in that some people think in different ways. And by the time it gets to a really cross disciplinary paper, not one author will understand the work in its entirety, never mind reviewers.

      Oh and there's ALSO the problem that people don't seem to knoe what a literature review is for. For many years didn't, thinking like many that it's a bunch of citations you need because REASONS. They I read one by a skilled writer and I was enlightened.

      A lot of your suggestions are about better tech. That would help a little, but not all that much. Citations are essentially old-fashioned hyperlinks. Modern systems can hyperlink the citation to the place in the reference list and from that to the actual paper. It would be nice if more places did that and it would be nicer if they supported richer hyperlinking as you suggest. But ultimately that's not the main problem. Reviewers tend to be familiar with the field and so often I don't have to go and read much if anything extra when reading a paper. It's the big blob in the middle describing the technique that needs improvement.

      If papers could be made easier to read, that would be great, but I don't see an obvious way to do it.

      Data can be provided, and some journals require it, but many don't. The problems with releasing working algorithms is that you have to be able to distribute working portable code to other people with a moderately sane user experience. This is something I actually can do and have done. It's a *lot* of work single handed (and I don't support Macs, and only partially support Windows). but I'm something of a hacker and I've got considerable industry experience. I also care about it and do it even though I've left academia for the most part. Most people simply don't have the training to do such things. I've encountered released code that I and several other good people have been unable to make run even after expending considerable effort.

      One thing I learned as well is that it's not always useful. I wrote a paper with a good number of citations (650 so far and climbing at the rate of a few hundred a year which in the academic world is a very good) and I made a big effort to release the code, keep it up to date and fix bugs. The only thing people use is the code bundled with it for a much earlier, simpler system: to my knowledge not a single person has used the code I released specifically for the paper.

      Other bits of code/whole programs I've

      • As to the reviews being done for free... that includes the university not being paid?

        Here's the sticking point... 38 percent profit margin.

        Where is the 62 percent going? Your move.

        As to it being le hard to write better structured papers, we're not talking about skill or time being put into that but changing the format of the papers to take advantage of the internet age. I talked about hyperlinks and not writing the whole paper like it was literally going to be printed out on paper.

        I also pointed out that yo

        • As to the reviews being done for free... that includes the university not being paid?

          Absoloutely. The universities are never and have never been paid. I am no longer at a university and I do peer review, completely for free.

          Where is the 62 percent going? Your move.

          Move for what? Not being able to see the books doesn't mean the universities are being paid.

          They are not.

          I talked about hyperlinks and not writing the whole paper like it was literally going to be printed out on paper.

          Yes and I countered that tha

          • As to 62 percent, so you admit the numbers don't make sense to you either.

            My statement about scientists or universities getting paid was a supposition based on the numbers. If it is in error it just means something else is going on.

            When I say "your move" I am challenging you to come up with another explanation. If you don't have one... then we're both confused. ;)

            As to me not getting a certain type of comment in this thread that I can quote... I'm not sure if we're talking about the same thing. how can you

            • > My statement about scientists or universities getting paid was a supposition based on the numbers. If it is in error it just means something else is going on.

              It is completely in error. I've never worked as a publisher, so I can't easily judge the 62%, but the excess is most certainly not going to universities or academics.

              >When I say "your move" I am challenging you to come up with another explanation

              I don't have one, but that doesn't mean filling in work a god of the gaps is valid.

              > I'm not sure

              • I didn't claim fraud. I don't mind scientists getting paid to do peer reviews or universities getting paid to do them.

                Fraud might happen if the person submitting the paper had any control over who reviewed it. My understanding is that the reviewers are generally kept secret by the journal so its hard to see how it would be biased by payments.

                In any case, you can't explain the numbers either.

                We agree on the mystery. ;-)

  • by Dutch Gun ( 899105 ) on Sunday August 16, 2015 @03:00AM (#50325501)

    We should pass a law: if any public funding is used for research, the public has a right to free and unfettered access of your research results... end of story. Why else could you justify using public funds otherwise? I see no reason to fund research that private corporations can charge arbitrary amounts of money to simply access.

    The researchers prefer these publishers because they're "prestigious"? Whoopee-fucking-do. Why does that concern me in any way? That sounds like an issue solely concerning the researchers and the advancement of their careers, not the public good.

    If you need to, set aside some of the grant money for some quality peer review. I'm not ignorant enough to believe that you can do everything for free, but let's make effective use of that grant money and make sure the published results are open and accessible for everyone. Hosting the data costs nothing nowadays. This is a racket that should be broken.

    • by paskie ( 539112 )

      Actually, peer review is done for free. People see it like their academic duty, chance to get to some new interesting results first, and like to see their name in a program committee list.

      (At least this is how it works in Computer Science.)

    • by manicb ( 1633645 )

      I am a researcher in the UK, and this is pretty much happening here. It's required by the national body which the government uses to fund research (some info here [rcuk.ac.uk]) and that requirement gets passed on to the subject area-specific research councils.

      Basically, work I publish needs to at least be available on a University-level preprint server ("green" open-access); many publications allow this now. For publishers that don't, the research councils have arrangements with research institutes to pay the fees for t

    • We should pass a law: if any public funding is used for research, the public has a right to free and unfettered access of your research results... end of story.

      In the US, NIH policy requires that NIH-funded research be deposited in PubMed Central, a taxpayer-funded archive of published work. This is not quite unfettered access, as the incumbent publishers forced them to accept a 12-month lag between publication and archiving, but it's pretty good. The NSF (which is only ~25% as big as NIH) claims public archiving as a goal, but not a requirement. I believe ERC has a similar policy.

      For the most part, these policies date to about 2005, and most journals have been

    • The researchers prefer these publishers because they're "prestigious"? Whoopee-fucking-do. Why does that concern me in any way? That sounds like an issue solely concerning the researchers and the advancement of their careers, not the public good.

      Well, the public also demand their money is well spend. So they want research money to be spent on GOOD researchers, not mediocre ones. And how is goodness judged? Well, did those researchers do prestigous things...?

      If you think it's "whoopee-fucking-do" then you ha

    • by swell ( 195815 )

      "We should pass a law: if any public funding is used for research, the public has a right to free and unfettered access of your research results..."

      ABSOLUTELY, and let's take that one step farther. If tax funded research leads to a patentable result--the patent belongs to the taxpayers.

      Far too often, one of the researchers walks off the university campus, gets funding, and makes millions for himself from a patent that we paid for.

  • by mouf ( 1849592 ) on Sunday August 16, 2015 @03:07AM (#50325519)

    Actually, there might be an easy to use solution! It is called "Self journal of science" and is available here: http://www.sjscience.org/artic... [sjscience.org]

    Think about "Github, but for scientfic papers!"

    It features the possibility for any scientist to publish a paper (in Latex because this is what scientists use). The document can be viewed online and each paragraph can be discussed online, using a revision system where pears can review your article (think about a start system on steroids, for scientists).

    The project was started by Michael Bon, a researcher who was fed up with the way scientific papers work today.

    Disclaimer: I know the developers who work on this project. It is still in development but is already usable. They definitively need some help to spread the word, and more than anything, I know they need papers published on the website. If you happen to know scientists who might be interested, please let them know the "Self Journal of Science" exists! These guys are really trying to make things change and they need your help!

  • by magusxxx ( 751600 ) <magusxxx_2000 AT yahoo DOT com> on Sunday August 16, 2015 @03:45AM (#50325571)
    Why not iJournals? If an app can cost 99, why can't a journal be $5.
  • The main problem with the current model of scientific publishing is that every publisher is effectively a monopolist. Because scientists can't publish the same results twice (it's unethical), each piece of scientific advancement is held by one journal published by one publisher. Therefore, university libraries don't have a choice and have to get subscription to all reputable journals. It's not surprising that a bunch of monopolistic publishers can charge excruciating fees. The most prestigious journals like
  • Academics have been complaining for decades about profiteering publishers and the high cost of publications, but when they've tried to bypass the system, they haven't done much better. When the open-access movement started, estimates were that $1000 or less could easily pay for reviewing, formatting and archiving each article. After all, most of the reviewing is volunteer labor, the cost of data storage is practically zero, and since access is free, you don't have to maintain a paywall. But turns out you
    • Since when is an editor in some bullshit journal a "peer" in the review process. This is a scam from start to finish. Put the papers out on the web and you have 14.4 billion eyeballs scanning them. The chances are pretty good that someone will notice if there is a problem. ALL publicly funded rsh should be in the public domain...and that includes datasets.
      • Put the papers out on the web and you have 14.4 billion eyeballs scanning them

        Even if you only get one thousand of comments on the paper, how do you distinguish valuable critics from random trolls?

        • I envision a two tiered scheme where there is a sort of fast track for established researchers in the relevant field and an open venue for everybody. Filtering heuristics are good and getting better. These could be used to weed out most of the spam and trolls... The important point is anybody and everybody can get access to the research and analyse it themselves... We paid for it, it's ours!!!
          • And how do you identify "established researchers in the relevant field"?
            • I would say, "by consensus". Remember, this has to all be done in a completely open and transparent manner, otherwise, people will misbehave... Say for example, I am a post doc in high energy physics. I ask to join the high energy physics comment thread and then the incumbents on the thread discuss my qualifications to be permitted to join. Assuming I have established a reputation among my colleagues, then I am allowed to post to the thread. Remember, even the public thread for this discipline while ov
              • Right, this works if the article author knows the candidate to the review. What do you do with someone that claims to be a reputed professor from a remote country? That person may give you someone else's name which got published, how do you check identity?
  • Like schools and everything else that could be good, fuck academic publishers. Why must people always kill the goose that laid the golden egg?
  • One word.
    • by n0w4k ( 3643913 )
      There is a gossip that #icanhazpdf works better than torrent for scientific articles ;-)
  • There have been several recent threads on this subject, and what has emerged is that there is no reason why Elsevier couldn't be replaced by a series of cheap websites for research areas. On each, researches post papers and there's a wiki for peer commentary. If you want to get fancy, there might be a public commentary forum.

    There's nothing innately expensive about the publishing process. Peers review for free because they publish too, and you will one day return the favor. There's nothing about copy editin

  • While not the usual scientific publications there was until reciently a "non-pantent" filing with the USPTO called Statutory Invention Registration (SIR) [wikipedia.org] that is used by someone wanting to prevent an idea from becoming patentable by making this public disclosure. This effectively put an idea into the public domain. Now days I guess you can file a preliminary patent [wikipedia.org]and then just abandoned it to the public domain. Still cost about $300, but that is less than many open source publications. I assume that
  • So my problem with all of this is that a huge % of the research happening in the US is funded, at least in part, through grants etc made using state/federal tax dollars. I can't see how they can justify putting what amounts to crowdfunded research behind a payperview gateway.
  • As a techie, that does have trouble understanding some scientific principles (at least deep ones in many fields), I do like to still TRY to understand the things I don't. Following up on references in open papers and books, where even government sponsored research is published and put behind commercial pay-walls I find tough to stomach as a taxpayer who helped pay for the research and publication. Yes the scientist still has access to their own work, and many 'people that matter' have access either by pay
  • Originally the journals provided and organized verification of the papers. Their reputation was that the journals published stuff that could be trusted.
    I think the problem is that several (all?) of them have recently been shown to have failed their verification, publishing things they should not and not publishing things that they should have published.

    The high price is no longer justified, the reputation is tarnished and they are in big trouble.

    The problem is, that we need that functionality. But others wi

  • said the business model of some of the major academic publishers was more profitable than owning a gold mine.

    Most gold mines are not very profitable. They need a long-term investment of quite large amounts of cash, and the product has a pretty volatile price.

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