Four-legged Snake Fossil Stuns Scientists, Ignites Controversy 153
sciencehabit writes: Scientists have described what they say is the first known fossil of a four-legged snake. The limbs of the 120-or-so-million-year-old, 20-centimeter-long creature are remarkably well preserved and end with five slender digits that appear to have been functional (abstract). Thought to have come from Brazil, the fossil would be one of the earliest snakes found, suggesting that the group evolved from terrestrial precursors in Gondwana, the southern remnant of the supercontinent Pangaea. But although the creature's overall body plan—and indeed, many of its individual anatomical features—is snakelike, some researchers aren't so sure that it is a part of the snake family tree.
Genesis! (Score:5, Funny)
The biblical literalists are going to love this one.
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Re:Genesis! (Score:4, Interesting)
I don't see any reason why this is "stunning" or a big controversy. It's just a new fossil and they'll argue a bit on where it goes into the taxonomy tree... happens all the time.
The fact is that, as always, those who found it are basically screaming "sensational discovery, mystery XYZ is finally solved", while other scientist are more cautious. It's the old theme of "sensationalism versus business as usual", dangerously close to the stance of attention whores.
Having read the article, I think it's more likely that those weak limbs were used for tree climbing than for grabbing preys and probably this is not a snake but a specimen from some extinct group.
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I too am remaining cautious, waiting till they find the other one Noah saved before declaring the mystery solved.
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"Business as usual" is competition over limited funding, and that means marketing your accomplishments to show you can deliver results. Let's not look down on attention whores when We The People are the johns.
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One of the specific characteristics that they use to deduce that this is more closely related to modern snakes than to an other group is that the body (between the pelvic and pectoral girdles) is considerably elongated compared to other vertebrates. This lengthening is achieved by increasing the number of vertebrae and ribs, not by lengthening the vertebrae (which is the strategy that giraffes use, for example). There is also a hint (th
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Snake taxonomy isn't really a tree. It's more of an overgrown hedge, full of thorns. This will be tidied up as the genetic comparisons are processed, but it's not a high-priority area of research.
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The stunning part is that a lot of scientists had conjectured that snakes evolved from aquatic precursors, whereas this specimen is clearly land based.
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The lithology of the encasing rock and age of the specimen (the report I had didn't go into details ; I'd assume micropalaeontology - it usually is) suggests that the specimen came from the Crato formation of Brazil. But Brazil has had a blanket ban on export of fossils since the 1940s. So, how did the fossil get to appear in a small museum in southern Germany? (By coincidence, I've actually been to that museum.)
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The biblical literalists are going to love this one.
Why? Doesn't seem to be a problem for that perspective to me...
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Option 1 (the sarcastic "love"):
This is an example of a transitional species the existence of which evolutionary theory predicted before it was discovered to exist (something "creationists" have been challenging scientists to produce) point awarded to Science.
Option 2 (the literal "love"):
This is clearly the actual snake that tempted Eve and got all snakes' leg privileges revoked by God, therefore it's moral to hate gay people or something.
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If you read TFA there is no mention of Creationists or any other religious reference. The "controversy" is over the origin of the fossil and "whether this is actually a snake"
But don't let that stop you from getting your Christian Hate on.
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"Christianity" in the US is nothing but a cult that rejects science, worships guns and war and is an anti-sex death cult.
They are also under the delusion that capitalism is part of their religion and falls under their religious beliefs.
Christianity, along with all religions, should be hated.
A demon comes running to the Devil in a panic.
The Devil asks, "What's wrong demon?!"
The demon responds, "There is someone up there speaking the truth! We'll be out of business!"
The Devil laughs. "Silly demon! They'll
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"Christianity" in the US is nothing but a cult that rejects science, worships guns and war and is an anti-sex death cult.
Don't know which "christians" you know...but that's certainly not true.
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The biblical literalists are going to love this one.
Aside from the 120 million year old part...
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Listen ... we don't care about your creationist drivel or your superstitions, we believe in reality around here.
Why don't look a the universe as it exists, and realize that if your god actually exists, he's a fuck of a lot more sophisticated and expansive than you drooling morons who need to believe the Earth is young.
The Earth is old. The solar system is old. The universe is massive, old beyond imagining, vast beyond comprehension, and utterly amazing beyond belief. You have elements in your body which
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Pfft. God put those bones in the ground 6,000 years ago to test our faith, duh.
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Re:Genesis! (Score:5, Insightful)
Religion is nothing but the easy way out.
The opposite of "knowing" is not "not knowing". That can easily be remedied. If you do not know, you ask someone who does know, and then you know too. The opposite of knowing is believing. And believing is far more comfortable and convenient, and far less taxing than knowing.
If I want to believe something, that's easily done. All it takes is a unilateral declaration of intent. Jesus the only son of God and my saviour? I believe. There, done. There is no huge investment of time and intellect necessary. A teapot in the middle of Jupiter? Sure, I believe. And done. I neither need someone showing me the ropes, nor do I need to spend any time or energy to do it.
Knowing is far more taxing. To know something, you not only have to find someone who does already know to teach you, you also have to invest time and energy to understand. Understanding is one hugely important, critical prerequisite for knowing. And that takes time. And effort. And depending on your mental capabilities or prerequisite fundamental knowledge that effort may even prove futile.
Believing is far more convenient. It only depends on you wanting. Knowing something also requires you to be able to and the investment of time.
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The certainty with which one feels a fact is true is actually an emotion, which is where everyone trips up.
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The main difference is that you can back up facts. They are testable. Gravity is easy to test. Take something into your hand. Let go while it's not in a stable connection to the ground (directly or by proxy). It will, provided the item you are holding is heavier than air, accelerate towards the earth. What you observed there was the effect of gravity working on the item.
It is universally valid and works here as well as it does on the moon (with the relevant changes due to the different mass) and anywhere el
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Well, no. How do you know if the guy you asked actually knows anything about the matter but is simply making shit up as he goes or reciting some half-remembered factoid he heard from an unknown source? You can't. You can double-check, and quadruple-check, and so on, but ultimately every model of the world rests on unproven assumptions. After all, they're subj
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This was of course a highly simplified example. In that I postulated that the person asked does actually know.
Science also is no "god". It requires not your faith. Quite the opposite, it requires your doubt. Science (at least the kind that deserves the name) is the very anathema of a god. It is testable. Something gods are by the very definition thereof not. Science offers its findings in such a way that you are able (time, knowledge and, at least today, availability of technology permitting) to recreate it
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Science also is no "god". It requires not your faith. Quite the opposite, it requires your doubt. Science (at least the kind that deserves the name) is the very anathema of a god. It is testable
Devil's Advocate: Much of evolution, especially around the "origin of species" is completely untestable and 100% reliant on having "faith" in science.
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Caution: Many of the experiments are only statistically reproducable. Many of them require that the experimenter be "skilled in the art" (and which art varies with the domain of the experiment).
So it's not as simple as school books try to make it seem. Check out "search image" to see one of the potentially confounding problems.
And this isn't even considering that some of the experiments are so exensive or so dangerous to perform that most people are prohibited from doing them.
That said, science, when wel
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I don't think it's so much a matter of ignoring morality as losing perspective: you become so focused on a small portion of the world that you lose sight of anything beyond. And it happens to everyone to some extent, finance and politics just happen to be high-power positions which shield you from corrective feedback.
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Science cannot answer moral questions because that's not what science is about. Science asks "how". Not "why". "Why" is the domain of philosophy and religion.
Science can answer you how the world came into existence. But not why. It has no answer for the purpose of the universe. If you want an answer to this, religion may well be the answer.
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This depends extensively on the precise meaning you give to "religion". In my opinion a decent religion would not describe the events of the physical world, but only the relative moral values that should be assigned to them. This is not an "easy way out", because it's not a "way out" at all. It means that you don't assign moral values to events that are not part of social interactions. It also renders much of traditional religion at best irrelevant. And it means that theology is a proper subset of a un
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Well, religion of course needs to explain the world. That's a necessity. How am I supposed to make people believe in my god if I give them no good reason to do so?
Imagine yourself a few 1000 years ago. The world is a strange and mostly unpredictable place. Without rhyme and reason things happen around you. The seasons change, rain happens or it doesn't, seemingly at random. Storms and hail, pests eat and kill your crops, and you're totally powerless against it all.
People don't like that. People like to be i
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You are talking about one part of religion, and considering it as if it were the whole. And the part that you are considering is the most dubious part.
I, personally, happen to be a sort of gnostic, though not a gnostic christian. It *is* possible to have direct experience of the holy, which one and easily interpret as superhuman, though I consider that a mistake. I feel the the "gods" are a subset of the Jungian archetypes. Do *NOT* make the mistake of thinking that this renders them ineffective. They
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Believing may lead to more nasty side effects due to some god's arbitrary rules. Granted. But the mere fact of believing something is heaps easier than trying to know.
Would it really be the first time that the "easy way out" eventually led to having to spend way more in the long run?
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That's how forgone conclusions work. Once you have committed to a conclusion, everything you see is skewed in that direction. Anything that is even suggestive of agreement appears to be "more proof" while any counter-evidence, no matter how confuting, is seen as "probably mistaken" if even there at all.
To answer the OP's question....
One walks the science path to find good reasons for their beliefs, rather than making a completely random guess as to which holy book already has it right. I am sure plenty o
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If you take it as a compliment, that's fine. But you *do* need to be aware of the full significance of that "symbol". You may find partial enlightenment at the nearest meat packing plant. (You'd find more in raising sheep, but that takes a lot longer.)
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Not if they make it so easy.
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"Look at me! First I'm an asshole, then I'm a victim!"
I'll never understand that defense.
4 Legged Snake (Score:5, Funny)
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I'm pretty sure his hair once did.
Re: 4 Legged Snake (Score:5, Insightful)
McCain was the son of a high ranking Admiral, and a potentially valuable political pawn for the North Vietnamese. They offered him all sorts of inducements, nice treatment, etc, if he'd make statements for them. He refused, and they tortured him instead, to the point that he can't even raise his arms above his shoulders today.
They offered to release him early, ahead of his fellow prisoners, and he refused, insisting that all previous prisoners be released first (according to military rules), even though that meant he'd be enduring more of that hellhole.
Heroism isn't just about standing up with a machine gun on each arm and shooting up the enemy single-handedly.
Re: 4 Legged Snake (Score:4, Insightful)
Concur. Can't fucking stand the guy's politics, but I respect the guy's strength here. Yes, others in his position of less status might have been outright killed, and maybe we wouldn't have known about their bravery, but heroism isn't about putting some men above others - it's about seeing the evidenced behaviour of some men and using that behaviour as an example to follow.
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Re: 4 Legged Snake (Score:2)
Those are not mutually exclusive things. Especially when you're talking about two words four decades apart.
Nor the first mission [Re: 4 Legged Snake] (Score:5, Informative)
I agree, you can be a war veteran and a prisoner of war but you can not be a war 'hero' if all you did was sit in jail... and this is what John McCain ddid for almost the whole war.
Uh, you are aware that he did do other things in the war, right? Sitting in jail (by which you mean, POW camp) is not "all" he did. It was his 23rd bombing mission, not his first, on which he was shot down. And that by this time he'd been awarded the Navy Commendation Medal and the Bronze Star.
I'm no fan of McCain, but I don't like personal attacks. Criticize him for his politics, not his history.
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I agree, you can be a war veteran and a prisoner of war but you can not be a war 'hero' if all you did was sit in jail... and this is what John McCain ddid for almost the whole war. Are we trying to say that if he wasn't shot down he would've defeated the Vietnamese army with his plane alone?
If you take the approach that (bravery && selflessness) != heroism, then you're right. He didn't jump out of a chopper and machine-gun down a platoon of the enemy. But having read and heard what Vietnam era prisionors went through, I have the highest admiration for anyone who lived through it. The one fact that he refused to be freed (because his father was an admiral) unless everyone captured before him was release is a remarkable display of selflessness.
For that, he is a hero.
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I am willing to bet that you have never worn the uniform, and have no idea what his service record actually reflects.
I have worn the uniform and I know that McCain stood up for the other POWs and was a leader, and that doesn't even include his service before he was shot down.
Frankly I don't like alot of his politics. I respect the man though.
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Well, I'm pretty sure Trump doesn't have any "hero" to his name at all and is in no position to start yet another swiftboating attack on a competitor.
Next up, idiots complain about people who get Purple Heart medals - after all they didn't do anything except fail to get out of the way the bullets, and they'd rather see heros who didn't get shot and who wore their body armor correctly.
The whole point of the "hero" thing is not that they went and did some amazing superhuman feat, but that they went in the fir
"Ignites Controversy" . . . ? (Score:5, Funny)
So it could breathe fire, as well? It sounds like they have not found a snake, but a fire-breathing dragon!
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Small little feller (Score:2)
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And I'm not surprised, considering how full of holes and lapses taxonomy is. It's pretty much a pseudoscience as it stands so far. We've been trying to put every critter into a single, discrete box called "species" and arranging those in ways that simply won't fit with the facts. Which order do protoctists really belong to ? Are euglenids plant or animal ? Are myxomycetes fungus or protoctists ? What about racoon dogs, cynogales, etc. ?
Phylogenetic "trees" should really be loose hypergraphs with lots and lo
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RTFA. (Yeah, I know, this is /. )
The limestone the fossil is embedded in, and the coloring of the fossil, are indicative of northern Brazil. Apparently either the original collector, or the owner of the private collection the fossil used to be in, didn't care to document the provenance (when/where found, under what circumstances) of the fossil, diminishing its scientific value. (This is why professional paleontologists and archeologists get pissed off at (most) amateur collectors. Some amateurs do a
CLONE IT! (Score:2)
Need to know if it can talk!
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Of course. And it was discovered next to a half-eaten apple core.
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It's the missing slink! (Score:5, Funny)
Sorry, I had to do that one.
Clickbait (Score:2)
Four-legged Snake Fossil Interests Scientists, Ignites Scientific Interest
FTFY.
misread the headline (Score:2)
Creationists are mounting a proxy argument (Score:2)
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Most of their arguments are variations on a very simple form.
1. I have identified an aspect of the evolutionary model which I find difficult to accept.
2. Therefore God made all life six thousand years ago.
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Nice try. Thanks for playing. But instead of straw men that they don't actually believe in, here is their own statement of their top 10 beliefs about creation:
https://answersingenesis.org/evidence-for-creation/the-10-best-evidences-from-science-that-confirm-a-young-earth/ [answersingenesis.org]
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Every one of which is just a more specific case of the general outline I gave above. I've heard them all before - they all involve some high-school science which, interpreted simplistically, seems to suggest a young earth. The carbon dating of diamonds or oil, for example. If you're only working with high-school physics, that seems a certain proof of a young earth - because at that level you only need be concerned with carbon isotopes, but back in the complexities of the real world carbon dating for very ol
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In that case, you should be happy that creationists are questioning everything. In fact, it sounds like you would favor any repeatable scientific experiments they can perform should be taught in school.
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Par for the course (Score:1)
This is Slashdot. Science is only questionable when it agrees with the bible.
Genesis 3:4, for those wondering what the sequence specifics are that are the current cause for rejecting science, if necessary.
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Science is questionable when the science actually proves a young earth instead of an old one.
Science is questionable when political votes are taken to decide things like the death of the dinosaurs or the Oort Cloud, instead of additional evidence.
Science is questionable when people's repeatable experiments are excluded from the conversation because of who they are rather than the repeatability and quality of the experiments themselves.
Private collection, illegal mining... (Score:2)
Title seems to be simple click bait meant to attract creationists and their opponents.
image in the article (Score:2)
I like how it's hugging the little furry mammal in the artist's conception. It's representative of the long bond of love and friendship that exists between us and our reptilian friends.
Not a snake (Score:1)
Let me know... (Score:2)
...when they find one with a voice box. ;-)
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Not convinced (Score:1)
Sure they have something. We don't know what it is. Since it's a fossil we don't know how it happened. Could it be something else happened to land on it after death or was below it before death? We don't know. Show me more with the bone structures in the same place. Then we'll have something. Now it's just a curiosity. Need more proof.
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"120-or-so-million-year-old". Anything past 100 000 years is nothing but wild speculation, among other things due the complete lack of knowledge about factors that will affect carbon dating. Going past 100 000 years, and your're doing nothing but carbon-schmarbon dating.
No, no, you see we have always known the exact quantity of Carbon-14 in the atmosphere and therefore Carbon dating is extremely reliable. The fact that we are now changing the percentage of C14 in the air and worried that C14 dating will not work reliably because we don't know the proper percentages of C14 coexists perfectly with us knowing the exact quantity of C14 150 million years ago.
Re:I stopped reading at (Score:5, Informative)
Carbon dating is useless on fossils. Firstly because they are far too old for the ratio to be measurable, and secondly because they don't actually contain any carbon of atmospheric origin to date.
There are other forms of dating used for fossils though.
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There are other forms of dating used for fossils though.
And that's how I met your mother.
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Actually, that's incorrect.
http://newgeology.us/presentation48.html [newgeology.us]
All fossils date less than 50,000 years. This is not a problem for creationists, but it makes evolutionists uncomfortable so they don't do it.
Re:I stopped reading at (Score:4, Interesting)
According to a paper which failed peer review.
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no
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> among other things due to my complete lack of knowledge about factors that will affect carbon dating.
There, FTFY. HTH.
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Oh, so they date the sand part of the sediment that was made into sedimentary rocks and consider THAT the age of the fossil?
You do realize that the elements you mention are pretty much not part of the fossil, but part of the substrate which contains the fossil. What you are suggesting they are doing is going to a wall built yesterday and claiming it's 100 years old because of the age of the barn wood that the wall was covered in.
I don't think the process of dating fossils is done that way... Last I heard
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