Babies Begin Learning Language In the Womb 250
Hugh Pickens writes "Science Daily reports findings from a new study which suggest that infants begin picking up elements of what will be their first language in the womb, long before their first babble or coo, and are able to memorize sounds from the external world by the last trimester of pregnancy, with a particular sensitivity to melody contour in both music and language. Newborns prefer their mother's voice over other voices and perceive the emotional content of messages conveyed via intonation contours in maternal speech (a.k.a. 'motherese'). 'The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are human neonates capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester of gestation,' said Kathleen Wermke of the University of Würzburg in Germany. Wermke's team recorded and analyzed the cries of 60 healthy newborns, 30 born into French-speaking families and 30 born into German-speaking families, when they were three to five days old. The recordings of 2,500 cries as mothers changed babies' diapers, readied babies for feeding or otherwise interacted with the youngsters show an extremely early impact of native language, with analysis revealing clear differences in the shape of the newborns' cry melodies, based on their mother tongue."
Isn't this child abuse? (Score:5, Funny)
Surely teaching languages like French and German to poor, defenseless, not even yet born babies breaks some law.
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Troll? Yes.
But - There is a certain poetic rhythm to the post.
It's sad when a potential artist turns to the dark side.
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Dramatic Findings (Score:3, Interesting)
I'm glad we have scientific evidence to back it up, but did anyone believe this wasn't the case? Is anybody surprised by these findings?
Re:Dramatic Findings (Score:5, Insightful)
In hindsight, all scientific findings are "obvious" and "just common sense". What people forget to mention is that before the finding, there were about 200 competing, equally obvious and common sense based theories on what was happening.
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In hindsight, all scientific findings are "obvious" and "just common sense". What people forget to mention is that before the finding, there were about 200 competing, equally obvious and common sense based theories on what was happening.
OK, but in this case... were there really 200 competing theories? I thought this was generally assumed (if not proven), going back a couple of decades?
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As I understand it, we have a fair amount of information about children responding to other phonetic and phonological aspects of the language(s) spoken around them, but there hasn't been any other research on prenatal language acquisition.
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Read some Thomas Kuhn - most of what scientists do is "mopping up" - making SURE that the things we THINK are true, really ARE true. Most scientists are not out there looking to discover the unexpected.
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Except in this case, there was already theory and evidence. See citations here [google.com].
OP is right; this is not novel, but merely adds to existing evidence.
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People have been playing music to babies in the womb for years. Many parents are encouraged to speak to their baby while in the womb so the baby learns the sounds of mommy's and daddy's voice. Not new, but it puts some more scientific evidence to what any parent with a kid under 20 (or more?) could have already told you.
Babies get excited and kick when there's commotion outside too -- loud noises and such. They are listening, and with fairly developed infant brains, it's no surprise that they begin getting
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There are plenty of ground breaking scientific findings that were not obvious. They fall under the category paradigm-shifting findings.
--Evidence that suggested all things accelerate downward equally (neglecting air friction) ...
--Evidence that suggested the world was spherical
--Evidence that the earth was not at the center of...well anything
--Evidence that suggested time was reletive
--Evidence that things are made up of atoms and not Earth,Fire,Water,Air
--DNA
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In hindsight, all scientific findings are "obvious" and "just common sense".
Except for quantum physics. The more you "understand" it, the less sense it makes.
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I am. I didn't know, and what I know now is very cool compared to what I would have assumed. I am surprised.
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I know I wanted a Discovery or TLC show quite a few years ago that stated this same thing. I don't know why this is 'new' news.
If you speak french to a french baby, they calm down. If you speak another language (with radically different phonemes) they don't respond to it any different than a random noise.
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I'm glad we have scientific evidence to back it up, but did anyone believe this wasn't the case? Is anybody surprised by these findings?
Actually I dismissed these "findings" as utter nonsense as soon as the word CRYING was followed by the word MELODY.
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When I was in the womb my mother used to play a bunch of old scratchy vinyl LPs, but that didn't affect me...fect me...fect me...fect me...fect me...fect me...fect me...fect me...fect me...fect me
Interesting but dubious (Score:5, Informative)
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1869 [upenn.edu]
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I like the last paragraph: "Oh, and the journalistic generalizations were false as an expression of the authors' findings. Of course."
Of course. Sigh.
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So, your point is best summarize by a comment found on that link:
"'This technique of cherry-picking atypical "typical" values for rhetorical effect is[...]'
"I would have completed this sentence 'intellectually dishonest[.'] Contrasting that with the way you completed it is a rather sad comment on scientific publishing, especially if this piece has already passed peer review without any of the reviewers finding this worthy of comment."
My experience is this situation is more common than not: that even peer-re
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Which is why replication so important.
The lang blog guy hypothesizes that the differences might not be found in replication. Great. The study is pretty straight forward, go replicate it. It seems something that a few grad students in a seminar could knock out in a semester. Go for it.
New? (Score:2)
I thought this was a well-established fact -- I remember being taught this in one of my psych classes.
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Right, but I learned that phoneme acquisition began in embryonic states in a psycholinguistics class I took.
It's anecdotal, but... (Score:4, Interesting)
I remember when my daughter was born. She was 9 weeks early, so she spent several weeks in the neonatal ICU. What was interesting (and maybe somewhat relevant) is that quite often when my wife spoke, our daughter would seem to turn her head towards the sound. My voice didn't seem to have the same effect, nor did the voices of the medical staff.
The nurses at the hospital thought it was "cute" and didn't seem all that surprised - so I guess I am rather surprised this stuff is apparently new info and not settled science.
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I just went to a baby class where they demonstrated the power of the parents' voices over that of anyone else speaking to the baby. While two people compete voice wise for the baby's attention, the father will win out over strangers and the mother will win out over all.
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When my wife was pregnant, she told me that my daughter would stop moving whenever I spoke.
Makes Sense (Score:3, Interesting)
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Makes sense. Even without an ear, the baby is basically living in a giant fluid filled sac connected only a couple feet away from the source of the noise.
What's novel here is that, for a long time ( about 100 years or so ), they thought that a human brain did almost nothing at a higher level ( like language acquisition ). The orthodox thinking was that about two years old, when neuron's myelin sheathes are fully formed, thus insulating the neurons, the baby can finally do some real cognition. But not before.
Now we're finding out that quite a bit is going on much earlier than anyone suspected.
Abhimanyu (Score:2, Interesting)
Ability of a fetus to learn in the womb has been part of Hindu mythology for a loooooong time.
Check out:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhimanyu
Hindus have strict restricts on pregnant women because of this. Of course not everyone follows these, but it is generally the case to keep pregnant women in a pleasant and positive environment..
It is good to see that this has been scientifically validated.
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Uh, it hasn't been. All this study suggests is that the fetus may begin to develop the most rudimentary language skills in the womb, which isn't even remotely the same as "[learning] the knowledge of entering the deadly and virtually impenetrable Chakravyuha".
So no, this doesn't justify your pet superstition.
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You can abort until the 24th week of pregnancy. This line is drawn since with 25 weeks, the infant would have a decent chance of surviving when born.
I've seen my daughter (born 2 weeks ago) on a sonogram being 12 weeks old. Everything is there, alive and (in this case) wildly kicking. Almost every "pro abortionist" will tell you that it should be OK for a woman to end an unwanted pregnancy at 12 weeks.
DISCLAIMER: I don't know where I stand on this matter. I know how I feel
Re:Genetics (Score:4, Insightful)
Legality of abortion has nothing to do with the fetus being able to feel pain or hear words. From ultrasounds I think everyone can clearly see many behaviors we associate with being alive or being human. The question is weather anyone is willing to take responsibility for life, health and future of both the mother or the baby. Do we keep a mentally disturbed teenager in chains until she gives birth so that she can not possibly jump of the bridge or otherwise harm herself or the baby? Will anyone make sure that a severally mentally disabled child doesn't spend decades being abused and neglected in an institution after his/her parents pass away? Is government more qualified than prospective parents to decide what constitutes a quality of life worth winning.
Thus, although I believe that abortion (where there is otherwise a possibility of a life with happiness, dignity and without constant suffering) is a horrible thing, I also do not believe that a legal ban is any more humane. We need many solutions that will require others in the society to make sacrifices at least by paying taxes. For example, families with Down's child will often have their marriage and future of other children screwed if they don't have some part time place to drop off the child once in a while and get a break. Even with multitude of options, a few parents may still decide on abortion and they should be allowed to.
Re:Genetics (Score:5, Insightful)
This study doesn't show it, but there are ways of testing for that. For example, I know someone who was born in China and adopted by American parents. Genetically she's 100% Chinese, but culturally 100% American. Now, let's say she marries a guy who's also genetically Chinese but speaks English, and they have kids. Their children will not be exposed to Chinese language prior to birth. I would expect that the babies, while genetically 100% Chinese, will cry like Americans (insert joke here).
Re:Genetics (Score:5, Interesting)
I have had exposure to this situation. My wife and her family are native Cantonese speakers but live in an English speaking country. In her brothers family there was a huge fight over whether their two kids would be raised as Cantonese or Mandarin speakers (their mother speaks Mandarin).
When I went to their place the kids would approach me and ask me to take them to the park, speaking in broken English. So I would take them out and as soon as we got out of earshot their English would become perfect and they would explode with conversation. More recently their mother took her daughter to swimming lessons. She apologised to the teacher about the poor state of her childs English. After the lesson the teacher told her that actually there is nothing wrong with that girls english.
Children soak up the language which is being used around them, regardless of their parents origin, native language or what is being used in the home. If a western family moved to Japan and hardly let the kids out of the house the kids would still become perfect Japanese speakers. I don't think genes have anything to do with it.
But the children often hide their language ability from their parents. They don't want their parents to feel bad about their children learning from sources outside the home.
Re:Genetics (Score:5, Informative)
Actually I will unconsciously start speaking in broken English if Im around other people who do it for long enough... so I dont think thats a phenomenon limited to childhood.
Re:Genetics (Score:5, Funny)
...Actually I will unconsciously start speaking in broken English...
I once consciously spoke in broken English, while visiting Germany, even though I can speak German without any accent. The reason was that I wanted to get out of a traffic ticket and it worked.
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I'm confused, too, but maybe that's because I no speaka da English.
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Well youre using telegraphic speech, only including the sounds most important in conveying your meaning. I think the reason for this is that it raises the signal to noise ratio by limiting the number of sounds the non-native speaker needs to decode, allowing them to fill in the missing pronouns, etc after youve said whatever it is youre saying, rather than doing it as your making the important sounds(the signal).
(the noise=processing of possible interpretations of that sound, the size of the set will vary
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Didn't it say "in the last trimester"? Abortions after 24 weeks are illegal.
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Re:So... when? (Score:4, Informative)
Uh...... hate to break it to you, but that chart is wrong. In at least the US, on-Demand abortions come with severe restrictions. Notably, they don't happen after the third-trimester.
I'm pretty sure that site isn't an authoritative source, if for no other reason that it refers to "pro-lifers" and "pro-abortionists". The chosen terminology by each group is pro-life and pro-choice. Respect it.
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Umm, birth happens at the end of the third trimester, so abortion is pretty much impossible after the third trimester.
But if you meant "during the third trimester", then in the USA it's just a function of what State you choose to have your abortion in, and what doctor you use. Some are more easygoing than others about what "to save the life of the mother" means.
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Sorry, yes, that was supposed to read "during" the third trimester.
You're going to have to demonstrate that "to save the life of the mother" is equivalent to "i can't live with a child" in most states. Other wise, I'm going to have to assume that it is exactly as stated "to save the life of the mother", and that's definitely not a choice that the mother makes.
Starvation (Score:2)
You're going to have to demonstrate that "to save the life of the mother" is equivalent to "i can't live with a child"
How about "I'm so poor that if I feed a child, I starve to death"?
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Demonstrate is different to hypothesize hypotheticals
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Whose choice? (Score:3, Interesting)
The chosen terminology by each group is pro-life and pro-choice. Respect it.
Do "pro-choice" platforms take into account the father's choice or the child's choice?
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Uh...... hate to break it to you, but that chart is wrong. In at least the US, on-Demand abortions come with severe restrictions. Notably, they don't happen after the third-trimester.
Ok, as a girl, reading this the glaring point that needs to be made is... ALL abortions are illegal after the third trimester... because that means that the baby has been born.
You mean that on-demand abortions aren't allowed DURING the third trimester.
Re:So... when? (Score:5, Insightful)
There's a difference between being pro-abortion rights and being pro-abortion. I support the right of assholes to have freedom of speech, even if it is hate speech against blacks, jews, or gays. That doesn't make me a KKK Nazi Republican.
This country is founded on the fundamental premise that we have freedom of religion, speech, etc., up to the point at which it directly harms others. The abortion debate is about the very complicated question of whether it harms another person or not. That's not an easy philosophical question to answer, and before anyone is qualified to answer that question, he or she must free himself or herself from the tendency to reply, "That's easy, my parents said..." or "That's easy, my preacher said..." or any other answer that comes easily. Such easy answers are almost always the wrong ones, as they are generally the end of thought on the subject rather than the beginning.
For example, the easy (but wrong) answers for how to fight abortion are: 1. sue to make it illegal, and 2. try to convince people not to have them. Suing, however, is unlikely to make any real progress. Convincing people not to have abortions is slightly better; it may save a few individual children while you are actively doing this work, but it is an extremely inefficient way to improve things because it requires eternal vigilance by a fairly large number of people to be effective to any significant degree.
By contrast, a much smarter answer is to contribute money to medical research to make it possible to sustain a fetus at progressively younger ages, eventually resulting in abortion being unnecessary, and eliminating any possible justification for abortion in the minds of even the staunchest abortion rights advocates. By answering in this way, your actions are the start of further thought and discussion instead of being dogmatic roadblocks to further thought. Further, instead of just reducing abortions, you're also doing something that helps humanity outside the context of abortion. Women who can't have kids could have kids, fetuses whose mothers die would not necessarily die, mothers who are diagnosed with cancer would no longer have to choose between chemotherapy and the lives of their children, women who are victims of rape or incest could give up their children for adoption and never have to endure childbirth for a child that was forced upon them, women who get pregnant when they are too young to safely bear a child would no longer be at serious risk, etc.
Think bigger. Don't think of abortion as a problem to be solved. Think of it as a bad solution to a wide range of problems that could be solved in other ways, then try to find other ways.
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I'm anti abortionist, yet even I know that abortionists actually reason that it is before the brain develops that should be allowed. If you want to be treated fairly, treat people fairly. Most people would recognise that without a brain the fetus is not viable. The point is still somewhat artificial, but to build a straw man of the time of birth is not fair.
I'm sure you'll recognise the ancestry of the fair rule.
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Okay, I'll track that down. I was to understand the problem wasn't lack of particular organs (brain obviously exempt), but the lack of ability to think. This always brought the problems of at what stage of thinking is considered to be 'human'. I'm starting to get myself tangled and confused again so I'm opting out due to ignorance and wanting to learn more.
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Obviously, an abortion harms a person, the developing baby. When a baby is conceived, it is a person.
FAIL.
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That won't work for many reasons:
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Use of those terms also confuse the issue... it sounds as if some people are going around advocating forced abortions or something.. The truly correct terminology would be Pro-law-against abortion and Anti-Law-against abortion. If someone could figure out a way to make that more catchy noone would have an excuse for using the terms derived from political spin.
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That's what the world has come to in these PC times. Attempting to insult people by calling them a cigarette.
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Which is which? Generally the people against abortion are anti-life and pro-baby-killing. They just like to do it after birth, preferably to people of other nationalities or different economic status.
The people who believe in freedom are usually against killing babies and killing in general.
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Interesting to note, USA, Sweden, and North Korea have something in common. I've leave the exercise for the viewer to figure out what that is.
And the anti-abortion set apparently think that even Afghanistan is too liberal a country. Without even looking at the rest of the site, the color scheme tells me that this list is compiled by nut jobs. I find it amazing that Angola and Egypt get yellow flags for allowing abortion if the woman's life is in danger only--respectively--in the first trimester or if the pregnancy is the result of rape.
El Salvador, Malta and Vatican City, however, all get green flags across the board.
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And interestingly, South America, with one of the most restrictive set of abortion laws, has about as many or more abortions than the more liberal countries.
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And according to the same site, they also have it in common with:
Albania, Australia, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia, Cambodia, Canada, China, Croatia, Cuba, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Vietnam, Yugoslavia.
I thought there was no more Yugoslavia.
That makes for a fairly random looking list of nations.
June 2006 (Score:2)
I thought there was no more Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia existed until June 2006, when Montenegro declared independence. (From 2003 to 2006 it was called "Serbia and Montenegro", but it was still the same Yugoslav state established in 1992.) It may be the case that the law hasn't changed noticeably in the former Yugoslavia since then.
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Didn't it say "in the last trimester"? Abortions after 24 weeks are illegal.
But this delineation is entirely arbitrary, based on "what would make a significant number of people uncomfortable" rather than on science. Are they human beings at 25 weeks? Not human beings at 23?
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i am a scientist,
but i'm not sure science is the right vehicle to explore that question with.
science can provide input, such as "it develops a heartbeat at such-and-such a time" or "it first contemplates its soon-to-be navel at T = 20 weeks" or whatever, but it should obviously be up to [each] culture to interpret those data w/r/t deciding when it's human-enough-to-no-longer-be-abortable.
also, this seems like a well-trod and somewhat tedious subject, as well as totally off-topic.
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> But this delineation is entirely arbitrary, based on "what would make a significant
> number of people uncomfortable" rather than on science. Are they human beings at 25
> weeks? Not human beings at 23?
Well, scientifically, they are developing, so if they are certainly human beings after birth, and not before conception, they are some fraction thereof (0-100% inclusive) during the interim. One could, I suppose, construct a sort of Schrodinger's baby scenario to determine percent humanity based on
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I don't understand the line-drawing. There is no line. Stop with the line drawing. You don't use magic numbers in your code, and you surely should use them to determine matters of life and death. If it came from humans and develops into a human, it's a human. Pigs don't develop into humans, nor do dogs, sheep, or monkeys. A human is a human at every stage of its development. No line.
The honest question each society must answer is: At what point in a human's life is it okay to murder them for your convenienc
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You honestly believe that the minute the spunk hits the egg, it's a murder, do you? I hope you don't believe in God, then, cos you're going to have to think he's quite the callous cunt given how many early miscarriages happen (oh, sorry, murders of defenceless little baby humans by a God with the power and intelligence to know better). And then you're going to be terrified he's going to send you to hell for thinking he's a callous cunt (even if he is, I guess)
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You honestly believe that the minute the spunk hits the egg, it's a murder, do you? I hope you don't believe in God, then, cos you're going to have to think he's quite the callous cunt given how many early miscarriages happen (oh, sorry, murders of defenceless little baby humans by a God with the power and intelligence to know better).
What's the difference between a miscarriage and any of the other bazillion ways a person can naturally die? If you blame God for miscarriages, presumably you also blame God when people die of cancer, or get hit by a bus, or whatever. Human life is lost.
And then you're going to be terrified he's going to send you to hell for thinking he's a callous cunt (even if he is, I guess)
This attitude stems from the false belief that people are generally good, and that we all naturally deserve to go to Heaven. We're not, and we don't. Only perfect people are worthy of entering God's kingdom, and none of us is perfect, so none of us deserv
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At least you're honest, and that was my point. We need to stop with the intellectual dishonesty of "it's not human until X weeks." It is human, it came from human, will be human, it doesn't magically become something else in between. If your priorities are consequence-free sex over someone else's life, that's your choice, and, while I personally think you should be psychologically evaluated for prioritizing your recreation over someone else's life, I can at least respect that you understand and accept the d
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Stopping its development before it has a chance to become a full, talking, walking human being is not as bad as killing a new born baby.
Just thought I should point out, a new born baby also hasn't had a chance to become a full, talking, walking human being yet.
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You could look at animals as sort of "less-evolved" humans, in that humans are the only conscious beings we really know of for sure. I mean go far back enough and youd find an ancestor who was no more conscious than that cow you ate part of for lunch. How "conscious" are fetuses or even newborns? Relative to a cow or chicken or really insert any living thing you wouldnt make a fuss about killing if it was inconveniencing you to not kill it. I'm not a vegetarian, mostly because I dont think one person would
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Very well said.
I support abortion in certain circumstances. For example, fairly unusual cases when the mother's health is jeopardized by the pregnancy. I recognize that the life of one human being is being terminated, but since I don't value that life above the life of the mother (and there's a good chance that if the mother dies or becomes severely ill, the baby will die anyway), I believe this to be a reasonable position.
There are a few who would oppose abortion even in these cases; there are many who s
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But this delineation is entirely arbitrary, based on "what would make a significant number of people uncomfortable" rather than on science. Are they human beings at 25 weeks? Not human beings at 23?
Most morality law is entirely arbitrary, based on what would make a significant number of people uncomfortable. Is there any reason we can't kill them after they are born? Many societies have been ok with that, though ours hasn't. Is there any reason we can't kill our neighbor if he becomes sufficiently annoying? Once again, other societies have been ok with that, but it makes us uncomfortable.
There is no scientific basis for right and wrong. In essence science is merely an observation, an explanation
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Not in the USA. Abortion rules vary from State to State, of course, but no State has been able to successfully forbid abortions based on time since conception. They can just restrict it slightly by specifying restrictions that are easily overcome of the right doctor is found.
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I will admit that this information has influenced me in my perspective of this topic.
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Why? The experiment points out that babies may only begin to be influenced by their native language during the last trimester, and the vast majority of abortions happen in the first (late-term abortions are only ever performed when the health of the mother is in jeopardy), well before the brain is developed sufficiently to be considered "alive".
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There is a difference between when the 'vast majority of abortions happen' and my own opinion/perspective on abortions. And this information has served to inform me further on a related topic to reproduction/abortion. That is why.
I'm being vague because this topic is very controversial and I don't have the time or interest to get into it again. I just wanted to point out that this information is related and informative.
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Well, in the US, the constitution explicitly spells out how capital crimes are to be handled...
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Yes, the constitution is the epitome of wisdom. To bad such great minds will never be seen again!~
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I've often wished reasonable scientific methods could determine when a life becomes sentient/aware and define that as having the same legal protections as born people. It's unfortunate that each side on the debate will not compromise and find a reasonable standard. One one side you have some pro-choice people who think nothing of killing a perfectly viable fetus and the horrors of partial-birth abortion, and on the other side you have pro-life people who are against even the day after pill because a concep
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Even as someone who's against abortion, I can't understand that opinion. The pill prevents implantation. A fertilized egg not properly implanting and therefore not becoming a viable embryo is, based on my understanding, a rather common occurrence in a woman's life. Hell, it seems nowadays we're damn lucky to even get successful pregnancies.
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Actually even if they are not allowed to have him removed from life support I can't expect the family to be forced to pay for it. Then it's up to the state to decide for how long it is going to support these kinds of patients. After that person is revived he can sue his family to get his stuff back, not unlike when a missing person comes out to be alive after several years . The state then can sue him to pay for his medical debts. Or he can choose not pay for the bills and go to prison or commit suicide or
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The mother chose to become pregnant, assuming there was no rape. I can't invite you in my house then shoot you for trespassing.
(And yes, I consider having sex consenting to become pregnant. You know damn well it can happen, if it would be a problem, keep your damn legs shut. And if you're male, and don't want to consent to becoming a father, then keep your damn pants zipped. This is a 100% effective method of birth control. [There are second-hand reports of it failing once about 2010 years ago, but I don't
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Fish in a Barrel (Score:2, Insightful)
And yes, I consider driving on the highway consenting to be maimed and crippled for life, or killed. You know damn well it can happen, if it would be a problem, keep your damn car off the highway.
Too easy.
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And that's exactly the problem with the pro-life crowd that wants to turn a fertilized egg into a person. It necessarily reduces the ability of the mother to make decisions regarding her own life. However, the same approach doesn't change the ability of the father to make decisions regarding his own life.
That's the fundamental problem right there. Personhood for a fertilized egg necessarily equates to women having less rights than men, and them becoming far more vulnerable to manipulation by men via rape.
Ju
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I've always thought the term "infant" meant that they had already been born?
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Because all these zealots blow their fuse once anything mentioning pregnancy is involved. This is (mainly) about the last stage of pregnancy though (the last ~14 weeks), so up to week 26. Even if there was anything interesting happening weeks before that stage it would not get into period that most women get an abortion. However, any sign of conciousness in early child development might fuel this debate.
"At what gestational ages are abortions performed:
52% of all abortions occur before the 9th week of pregn