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Medicine Science

Omicron is Spreading at Lightning Speed. Scientists Are Trying To Figure Out Why (npr.org) 262

NPR reports: In late November, more than 110 people gathered at a crowded Christmas party at a restaurant in Oslo. Most of the guests were fully vaccinated. One had returned from South Africa just a few days earlier and was unknowingly carrying the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Ultimately, about 70% of the partygoers were infected. Scientists who traced this super spreader event concluded it was evidence that omicron was "highly transmissible" among fully-vaccinated adults. Just over a month later, omicron's speedy worldwide ascent now makes it abundantly clear that the party wasn't an isolated example. In country after country, the new variant has outcompeted its predecessor, the delta variant -- with one case of omicron sparking at least three other new infections on average. Cases have soared to record highs in parts of Europe and now the U.S., where about half a million new infections have been recorded in a single day. "This is a game-changing virus, especially in the vaccinated population where people have had a level of invincibility," says Sumit Chanda, a professor in the Department of Immunology and Microbiology at Scripps Research.

Indeed, in a world where vaccinations and infections have built up immunity, other variants were having trouble gaining a foothold. Yet omicron is thriving. "This changes the calculus for everybody," says Chanda. And so scientists are trying to figure out: What accounts for omicron's lightning quick spread? While it's still early, they're starting to piece together why the new variant is so contagious -- and whether that means old assumptions about how to stay safe need to be revamped. [...] The variant's many mutations on the spike protein allow it to infect human cells more efficiently than previous variants could, leaving many more people again vulnerable. Because of that, "immune escape" alone could be the major reason why the variant looks so contagious compared to delta, which was already highly transmissible.

In fact, omicron has been spreading at a pace that's comparable to how fast the original strain of the coronavirus spread at the very beginning of the pandemic despite the world's newfound levels of immunity. "The playing field for the virus right now is quite different than it was in the early days," says Dr. Joshua Schiffer, an infectious disease researcher at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. "The majority of variants we've seen to date couldn't survive in this immune environment." Even delta was essentially at a "tie," he says, where it was persisting, but "not growing very rapidly or decreasing very rapidly." A new study from Denmark suggests that much of the variant's dominance comes down to its ability to evade the body's immune defenses. Researchers compared the spread of omicron and delta among members of the same household and concluded that omicron is about 2.7 to 3.7 times more infectious than the delta variant among vaccinated and boosted individuals.

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Omicron is Spreading at Lightning Speed. Scientists Are Trying To Figure Out Why

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  • by AndyKron ( 937105 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @08:22AM (#62133329)
    Imagine a virus as infectious as the measles and as deadly as Ebola. -Bill Gates
    • by Entrope ( 68843 )

      Imagine there's no heaven, it's easy if you try. No hell below us, above us only sky. -John Lennon

      Imagine a time traveling murderbot sent by a genocidal computer to kill the human leader of the resistance -- before he is born. -James Cameron

      (Stephen King asked us to imagine that kind of virus, too. He called it Captain Trips. Strangely enough, it was a virus that escaped from a government lab that was researching biological weapons....)

    • by OrangeTide ( 124937 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @08:42AM (#62133357) Homepage Journal

      better to find out that our society and infrastructure can't handle a serious pandemic with a slightly dangerous virus than to deal with something both highly contagious and with a high fatality rate.

      almost nobody is admitting that we're a bunch of fucking failures. Three years ago I would have argued that the world's governments wouldn't have allowed things to grow so out of control. Egg on my face I guess. The species is a incompetent as it is arrogant.

      • If Ebola ever developed a proper incubation time, like a week or something, we would be so unbelievably boned.

        Mindyou I wonder wonder if these paranoid-schizophrenic clownshoes marching about getting angry about vaccinations and masks would feel so cocky about a disease that causes you to basically melt into blood and gore.

        • by chill ( 34294 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @09:05AM (#62133405) Journal

          It isn't the incubation time, it is the method of transmission. Ebola requies physical contact [cdc.gov]. Part of the probem of the last Ebola outbreak in Africa was the insistence of following tradition and mourners handling dead bodies.

          There is a line where lethality and ease of transmission work against each other. If a virus kills a host faster than it can spread, it dies out on its own.

          12 Monkeys, here we come.

          • by jd ( 1658 ) <imipak@ y a hoo.com> on Saturday January 01, 2022 @11:09AM (#62133615) Homepage Journal

            Ebola has the potential to become airborne, although not very efficiently. It hasn't, yet, but with enough time it is bound to.

            Flu requires just two mutations to become deadlier than the 1918 outbreak and although it's extremely unlikely that those two specific points along the DNA will mutate in just the right way, they certainly could.

            Epstein-Barr is a really nasty virus, as it is known to trigger Multiple Sclerosis. I don't know if it's possible for it to mutate to increase the probability of this, or if it's essential that the victim has a rare genetic mutation before it can be triggered, but virtually everyone is infected because it spreads so easily.

            HPV-16 and HPV-18 can cause cancer. Although there is a vaccine, it isn't administered universally so these viruses are easily capable of staying in the population.

            These last three are far nastier than the potential for flu to turn deadly because we'd take action against an exceptionally deadly flu and widely provide vaccines against others flus. (A universal vaccine for flu is under development.) Although a vaccine for HPV exists, it isn't used nearly often enough. I don't know if there's a vaccine for E-B, but it's not something you hear about if there is and there is no serious attempt to reduce the virus in the general population. People drop dead of multiple sclerosis, but not in large enough numbers for anyone to care.

            • HPV-16 and HPV-18 can cause cancer. Although there is a vaccine, it isn't administered universally so these viruses are easily capable of staying in the population.

              That's true. I asked for this vaccine and was denied... by female health professionals. And we're scarcely doing any testing, as usual, so who knows who's got it? Not everyone can even get a primary HPV test, and the WHO only recommends a single test in a woman's lifetime.

          • Ebola is also not really contagious until after the onset of symptoms, which makes it much easier to setup quarantine areas and "weed out" infectious people at checkpoints. Covid can be contagious for 48 hours before symptoms start showing, at least last I heard, so in the absence of an "instant test" it makes containment protocols almost completely ineffective.

            If Ebola had a 48 hour "lead time" where it could be spread before symptoms, and was airborne, it would have already ravaged the planet. But due to

      • by burtosis ( 1124179 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @02:06PM (#62134019)
        I’m not so sure, if the virus was like in Stephen Kings The Stand, where it spreads better than omicron and rapidly kills near 100% I’m pretty sure people would actually lock down and take precautions willingly for no other reason than the streets would be littered with the bodies of those who didn’t. Covid has hit a sweet spot where the majority of people become vectors for infection to spread while being mostly asymptomatic, only killing a few % of the population with reasonable medical care. 95%+ of the narcissistic assholes can carry on as normal and not be personally affected which is the main vector as to how covid spreads so easily.
    • Imagine a virus as infectious as the measles and as deadly as Ebola. -Bill Gates

      He was just talking about the viruses that you would inevitably get on Windows due to the software being hot garbage. You really want to listen to the hot garbage operating system guy that held computing back ten years? You want his opinion on... anything?

      Seriously though, more to the point even though he is right here, it's not his idea, and we were warned about a pandemic by people more worth listening to than Gates... much sooner.

    • The hungry judges soon the sentence sign, and wretches hang that jurymen may dine. -Alexander Pope
    • Imagine a virus as infectious as the measles and as deadly as Ebola. -Bill Gates

      ... And with the incubation time of AIDS.

  • Good news (Score:4, Funny)

    by real_nickname ( 6922224 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @09:06AM (#62133407)
    With so many mutations, covid should reach consciousness soon and we may start negociating with it.
  • by JoshuaZ ( 1134087 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @09:27AM (#62133427) Homepage
    Part of the problem is that a lot of people have essentially stopped doing any sort of pandemic response. They aren't socially distancing even for small things, they aren't wearing masks when in indoor public environments, they are eating at indoor restaurants, etc. At least in the US, there's a segment still taking things seriously, but they are largely people in large blue cities, and even then most people have an attitude that once they are vaccinated they are done with any precautions. So a lot of people are tired of the virus, but the virus isn't tired of them. And city and state governments are acting similarly. The upshot is that we have fewer precautions than there have been at any time since March of 2020 with a variant that is more infectious.
    • by Seb C. ( 5555 )

      Well, mate, i'm currently traveling to Canada, i've been paying attention, not mixing with anyone, always wearing mask where it has to be, keeping distance when needed, and i still got infected (nothing serious, i'm 3-times vaccinated, last early december). Another friend of mine got infected a month ao, one who is taking care of his parents (fragile health), and thus being highly cautious with all the recommended behavior... Got it anyway...
      So i'm afraid the behavior is not exactly the problem (don't get m

    • At this (omicron) point, the fully vaccinated get a sniffle, and the anti vax ends up intubated. Please remind me how that is a failure? Of the price of society growing up is killing a few morons, so be it. Lift all restrictions, the vaccinated will be mostly fine and the anti vax will be gone. Net positive all around.
  • From what I've read (Score:5, Informative)

    by Dixie_Flatline ( 5077 ) <<moc.liamg> <ta> <hog.naj.tnecniv>> on Saturday January 01, 2022 @10:34AM (#62133521) Homepage

    The highly simplified, layperson version:
    - the spike protein has mutated enough that antibodies largely don't work on it
    - this gives the virus time to replicate, and it does so extremely rapidly
    - it prefers to replicate in the upper respiratory tract, and not as much in the lungs
    - because it replicates quickly in a part of your body where you don't notice for a while, you go out and breathe it out on people
    - but antibody response is only the first part of the immune response; the T-cells still recognize the infected cells and destroy them before you get too sick. This is the same principle by which cowpox confers immunity to smallpox. The viruses are different, but just similar enough that your immune system wins in the end

    So you have a confluence of factors, including some human factors, and now it's everywhere.

    • by angel'o'sphere ( 80593 ) <{ed.rotnemoo} {ta} {redienhcs.olegna}> on Saturday January 01, 2022 @01:44PM (#62133971) Journal

      The highly simplified, layperson version:
      The long lesson on /. : never simplify to much!

      - the spike protein has mutated enough that antibodies largely don't work on it
      That is luckily completely wrong.

      - this gives the virus time to replicate, and it does so extremely rapidly
      Spread from host to host is not the same as replicate rapidly, which it does not

      - it prefers to replicate in the upper respiratory tract, and not as much in the lungs
      Because of your first point: the antibody protection in the lungs is much higher.

      • - the spike protein has mutated enough that antibodies largely don't work on it

        That is luckily completely wrong.

        Not only is parent correct but Omicron managed to mutate so much the spike gene is no longer being detected in PCR tests.

        https://jamanetwork.com/journa... [jamanetwork.com]

        What is protecting people from Omicron is mostly B and T response not preexisting antibodies. This is why most are getting it whether they had covid before or not.

        - this gives the virus time to replicate, and it does so extremely rapidly

        Spread from host to host is not the same as replicate rapidly, which it does not

        It does both. Replication rate is far higher and replication in the bronchus makes it more infectious.

        - it prefers to replicate in the upper respiratory tract, and not as much in the lungs

        Because of your first point: the antibody protection in the lungs is much higher.

        It replicates 70 times faster than Delta in the bronchi.

  • by Paul Carver ( 4555 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @12:08PM (#62133765)

    Wow, over 70% of the attendees were infected, that sounds bad.

    Since the party was in late November I expect that we know by now what percentage of the attendees were hospitalized, what percentage were severely ill, and what percentage were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms that would not have warranted a covid test if they hadn't attended a known superspreader event. Let me just read the article to find out these important percentages that are crucial to making informed decisions about the severity of the situation.

    Hmm, no details at all. That's a pity. I wonder if there are any journalists at NPR who could ask some questions and fill in the missing information.

    My local school district just announced that they are going to "minimum session days" due to "the spike in covid rates". I.e 100% of students will arrive in school every morning and 100% of students will be sent home early. Five days a week for at least the first half of January. Is covid more infectious in the afternoons? I love science, but I'm having a lot of trouble seeing the science in the news reporting and public policy around covid in 2021/2022.

  • Coronavirii are a type of cold virus. Is anyone really that surprised that it spreads like the common cold or that new variants arise at the same mutation rate as a cold virus? The real question is the lethality, not the communicability. Jeez, the quality of intellectual debate on Slashdot has really crashed over the last decade.
  • ..we'll shelve it.

    https://www.businessinsider.co... [businessinsider.com]

    on an unrelated note, there is a climate change concern going on regarding populations' contribution to CO2 Emissions.

    if reducing population can stop global warming

    How would you do it?

  • by nospam007 ( 722110 ) * on Saturday January 01, 2022 @05:29PM (#62134427)

    Obviously the virus comes though with the 5G signals, duh!

  • by WindBourne ( 631190 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @07:09PM (#62134661) Journal
    while it is contagious, it also appears to be far less virulent.
    This COULD be the virus that acts more like a global vaccine, assuming that majority of ppl will get a regular vaccine.
    The real problem is that we are overloading the medical systems in every nation.
  • by djp2204 ( 713741 ) on Saturday January 01, 2022 @08:06PM (#62134795)

    Omicron is a highly contagious variant that lacks the spike protein current vaccines target. Since any mask other than an N95 or better is worthless at stopping aerosolized particles, no one really has any defense. After a year of Covid fatigue, people arenâ(TM)t willing to stay home.

I have hardly ever known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning. -- Plato

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